CN115397728A - 船舶 - Google Patents

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Publication number
CN115397728A
CN115397728A CN202180025174.1A CN202180025174A CN115397728A CN 115397728 A CN115397728 A CN 115397728A CN 202180025174 A CN202180025174 A CN 202180025174A CN 115397728 A CN115397728 A CN 115397728A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
tank
inter
pressure
inner tank
discharge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202180025174.1A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
谷本圭亮
后神一藤
大桥徹也
铃木智实
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kawasaki Motors Ltd
Original Assignee
Kawasaki Jukogyo KK
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kawasaki Jukogyo KK filed Critical Kawasaki Jukogyo KK
Publication of CN115397728A publication Critical patent/CN115397728A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63JAUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J2/00Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
    • B63J2/02Ventilation; Air-conditioning
    • B63J2/08Ventilation; Air-conditioning of holds
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/004Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for large storage vessels not under pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/02Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
    • F17C13/025Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/04Arrangement or mounting of valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/08Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B2025/087Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid comprising self-contained tanks installed in the ship structure as separate units
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63JAUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J99/00Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B63J2099/001Burning of transported goods, e.g. fuel, boil-off or refuse
    • B63J2099/003Burning of transported goods, e.g. fuel, boil-off or refuse of cargo oil or fuel, or of boil-off gases, e.g. for propulsive purposes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01Shape
    • F17C2201/0104Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/03Orientation
    • F17C2201/035Orientation with substantially horizontal main axis
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05Size
    • F17C2201/052Size large (>1000 m3)
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05Size
    • F17C2201/054Size medium (>1 m3)
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0308Radiation shield
    • F17C2203/032Multi-sheet layers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0391Thermal insulations by vacuum
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629Two walls
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0153Details of mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0192Details of mounting arrangements with external bearing means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323Valves
    • F17C2205/0332Safety valves or pressure relief valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/011Oxygen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012Hydrogen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/014Nitrogen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/016Noble gases (Ar, Kr, Xe)
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/016Noble gases (Ar, Kr, Xe)
    • F17C2221/017Helium
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032Hydrocarbons
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2223/04Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/043Localisation of the removal point in the gas
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2223/04Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F17C2223/047Localisation of the removal point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F17C2250/00Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
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    • F17C2250/0404Parameters indicated or measured
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2250/00Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605Parameters
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2260/00Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/021Avoiding over pressurising
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
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    • F17C2260/00Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/035Dealing with losses of fluid
    • F17C2260/037Handling leaked fluid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/035Dealing with losses of fluid
    • F17C2260/038Detecting leaked fluid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00Applications
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Abstract

船舶具有:船体;至少1个双重壳罐,其搭载于船体,具有收纳液化气的内槽和覆盖该内槽的外槽;至少1个第1排出塔,其从船体向上方延伸;至少1个第2排出塔,其独立于第1排出塔,从船体向上方延伸;第1排出线,其将内槽内的上部和第1排出塔的塔内连接起来;第2排出线,其将内槽与外槽的槽间区域和第2排出塔的塔内连接起来;以及压力释放装置,其设置于第2排出线,在通常时关闭并且在槽间区域的压力超过规定的槽间用容许值时打开。

Description

船舶
技术领域
本公开涉及搭载有双重壳罐作为货物罐的船舶。
背景技术
一直以来,公知有搭载有双重壳罐作为货物罐的船舶。双重壳罐具有贮存液化气等低温流体状的货物的内槽和覆盖内槽的外槽。为了提高隔热性,在双重壳罐的内槽与外槽的槽间区域形成有真空空间,或者在常压下填充有隔热材料。专利文献1公开了搭载有双重壳罐作为货物罐的船舶的一例的液化气运输船。
专利文献1所公开的液化气运输船具有货物罐和包入货物罐的罐罩,在货物罐与罐罩之间的空间封入有惰性气体。该货物罐具有贮存液化气的内槽和与内槽之间确保真空空间的外槽。
通常,在液化气运输船中具有泄压机构,该泄压机构通过将在航行中在货物罐内产生的蒸发气体向货物罐外适当排出而将货物罐的内压维持为比设计耐压低的值。泄压机构一般具有与货物罐的上部连接的排出管和在货物罐的内压变得过大时从货物罐向排出管释放蒸发气体的压力释放阀(安全阀)。通过排出管向货物罐外排出的蒸发气体通过通风立柱从高处排出,或者作为燃料被利用,或者再液化而返回到货物罐内。例如,专利文献2公开了将在贮存液化氢的货物罐内产生的蒸发气体通过排出塔从高于货物罐顶部的位置排出的技术。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:国际公开第2014/203530号
专利文献2:日本特开2018-204721号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的课题
在贮存有液化气的双重壳罐中,当由于某些理由而在内槽产生龟裂时,内槽内的液化气向内槽与外槽的槽间区域漏出。漏出到槽间区域的液化气蒸发而使槽间区域的压力增大。为了以防万一,考虑了在搭载有双重壳罐的船舶中除了内槽的泄压机构以外,还具有内槽与外槽的槽间区域的泄压机构。因此,在本申请中,提出了一种搭载有双重壳罐的船舶,其具有内槽与外槽的槽间区域的泄压机构。
用于解决课题的手段
本公开的一个方式的船舶的特征在于,具有:船体;至少1个双重壳罐,其搭载于所述船体,具有收纳液化气的内槽和覆盖该内槽的外槽;至少1个第1排出塔,其从所述船体向上方延伸;至少1个第2排出塔,其独立于所述第1排出塔,从所述船体向上方延伸;第1排出线,其将所述内槽内的上部和所述第1排出塔的塔内连接起来;第2排出线,其独立于所述第1排出线,并且将所述内槽与所述外槽的槽间区域和所述第2排出塔的塔内连接起来;以及压力释放装置,其设置于所述第2排出线,在通常时关闭并且在所述槽间区域的压力超过规定的槽间用容许值时打开。
根据上述结构的船舶,当浸入到内槽与外槽的槽间区域的液化气气化而使槽间区域的压力上升时,气化的液化气从槽间区域通过第2排出线排出,由此槽间区域被泄压。因此,能够防止内槽、外槽被过大压力损伤。
此外,根据上述结构的船舶,从贮存于内槽的液化气产生的蒸发气体和向槽间区域漏出而气化的液化气具有相互独立的排出路线。即,内槽的蒸发气体的排出路线由第1排出线和第1排出塔形成,向槽间区域漏出而气化的液化气的排出路线由第2排出线和第2排出塔形成。因此,在进行槽间区域的泄压时,能够防止气化的液化气、外部气体向内槽的蒸发气体的排放路线内逆流。
发明效果
根据本公开,能够提出一种搭载有双重壳罐的船舶,其具有内槽与外槽的槽间区域的泄压机构。
附图说明
图1是示出本公开的一个实施方式的船舶的整体结构的侧视图。
图2是对搭载于船舶的双重壳罐的构造进行说明的剖视图。
图3是对船舶所具有的泄压机构进行说明的图。
具体实施方式
图1示出本公开的一个实施方式的船舶1。该船舶1具有船体2、搭载于船体2的2个双重壳罐3、从船体2向上方延伸的第1排出塔15以及第2排出塔16。双重壳罐3是低温流体输送用的储罐。双重壳罐3在本实施方式中排列在船长方向上,但在船宽较宽的情况下也可以排列在船宽方向上。另外,搭载于船体2的双重壳罐3的数量既可以是1个,也可以是3个以上。
2个双重壳罐3具有实质上相同的构造。如图2所示,各双重壳罐3包含贮存货物的内槽4和包入内槽4的外槽5。内槽4与外槽5之间大致均等地分离,在内槽4与外槽5之间的槽间区域30形成有包入内槽4的隔热层。
形成于槽间区域30的隔热层可以是真空隔热层。在该情况下,例如内槽4的外侧面被真空隔热材料(例如辐射屏蔽膜和间隔件交替层叠而成的片材)覆盖,并且在该真空隔热材料与外槽5的内侧面之间形成不存在物体的间隙。或者,也可以在槽间区域30填充隔热材料而形成隔热层。在该情况下,例如,在内槽4与外槽5之间的槽间区域30中在常压或泄压气氛下填充作为粒状的隔热材料的珠光体。
货物可以是液化石油气(LPG、约-45℃)、液化乙烯气体(LEG、约-100℃)、液化天然气(LNG、约-160℃)、液化氧(LO2、约-180℃)、液化氢(LH2、约-250℃)以及液化氦(LHe、约-270℃)中的一种液化气。但是,货物不一定必须是液体,也可以是气体。
内槽4包含在水平方向上较长的圆筒形状的内槽主体部41和从内槽主体部41向上突出的内槽顶42。在本实施方式中,内槽主体部41的轴向与船长方向平行。内槽顶42的轴向在本实施方式中与铅垂方向平行,但也可以相对于铅垂方向稍微倾斜。
外槽5包含在水平方向上较长的圆筒形状的外槽主体部51和从外槽主体部51向上突出的外槽顶52。外槽主体部51包围内槽主体部41。外槽顶52包围内槽顶42。外槽主体部51的轴向与内槽主体部41同样地与船长方向平行,外槽顶52的轴向与内槽顶42同样地与铅垂方向平行。但是,内槽主体部41和外槽主体部51不必一定是在水平方向上较长的圆筒形状,也可以是在铅垂方向上较长的圆筒形状。或者,内槽主体部41和外槽主体部51可以是球形状,也可以是立方体状、长方体状。
在船体2形成有向上开口的2个货物舱21。货物舱21排列在船长方向上,货物舱21彼此被隔壁22隔开。而且,在各货物舱21的内部插入有双重壳罐3的下部。
在各货物舱21的内部设置有在船长方向上相互分离的一对鞍座25。鞍座25对双重壳罐3的外槽5的外槽主体部51进行支承。另外,在双重壳罐3的内槽4与外槽5之间设置有对内槽主体部41进行支承的一对支承部件35。在本实施方式中,支承部件35设置于与鞍座25相同的位置,但支承部件35也可以设置于与鞍座25不同的位置。
在各双重壳罐3的上方配置有罐罩6。各罐罩6从上方覆盖对应的双重壳罐3,并且与船体2之间形成填充有惰性气体的保持空间7。上述外槽5的外槽主体部51位于罐罩6的下方,外槽顶52贯穿罐罩6。
作为填充于保持空间7的惰性气体,可以使用氮气、氩气等。惰性气体起到防止保持空间7的负压化及双重壳罐3的表面上的结露的作用。特别是,在贮存于内槽4的液化气为液化氢的情况下,填充于保持空间7的惰性气体还起到防止在双重壳罐3的周围生成液化氧的作用。但是,也可以在保持空间7中填充惰性气体以外的气体(例如干燥空气等)。或者,也可以在保持空间7中什么都不填充,保持空间7内的气体可以是通常的空气。
内槽顶42和外槽顶52是用于汇集液化气输送配管、电气配管等各种配管的部分,并且供这些配管(省略图示)穿过。在内槽顶42与外槽顶52之间配置有分隔部件33。该分隔部件33用于在外槽顶52形成有维护用的开口时将槽间区域30的大部分保持为真空。分隔部件33将槽间区域30分隔成包入内槽顶42的上侧区域31和将内槽主体部41整面地包入的下侧区域32。
在图2中,分隔部件33配置于内槽顶42和外槽顶52的周壁部彼此之间并具有平坦的环状形状,但分隔部件33的位置及形状能够适当变更。例如,分隔部件33也可以配置在内槽顶42与外槽顶52的顶部彼此之间并具有筒状的形状。
在上侧区域31设置有上侧真空计91和上侧压力计93。上侧真空计91检测上侧区域31的真空度。上侧压力计93检测上侧区域31的压力。在下侧区域32设置有下侧真空计92和下侧压力计94。下侧真空计92检测下侧区域32的真空度。下侧压力计94检测下侧区域32的压力。这样,通过分别对上侧区域31和下侧区域32设置真空计和压力计,不仅能够检测出真空,还能够在较宽的范围内检测上侧区域31和下侧区域32的压力。
[第1泄压机构10A]
本实施方式的船舶1具有对内槽4内进行泄压的第1泄压机构10A。第1泄压机构10A构成为在内槽4内的压力(以下称为“内槽内压”)超过预先设定的第1容许压的万一情况下,将滞留于内槽4内的上部的蒸发气体通过第1排出塔15排出到大气中。
本实施方式的第1排出塔15呈沿铅垂方向延伸的大致I字状,在第1排出塔15的上端部设置有朝向上方向大气开口的排出口。另外,由于液化气的蒸发气体为易燃性气体,所以对于释放蒸发气体的第1排出塔15的排出口的设置场所,规定为“距离居住区域和机关区域及发火源的开口为水平距离10m以上并且比4m以内的步行路靠上方6m以上的高度”,设置在与本船的发火源以及船员隔离的场所。
第1泄压机构10A具有:第1排出线45,其连接内槽4的上部和第1排出塔15;第1压力释放阀(内槽用压力释放阀)46,其设置于第1排出线45;加温线47,其连接内槽4的下部和第1排出线45;加热器48,其对通过加温线47的液化气进行加热;开闭阀49,其设置于加温线47;内槽压力计95,其检测内槽4内的压力;以及第1控制装置(内槽用控制装置)60A。本实施方式的第1排出线45将在内槽4的内部成为最高位置的内槽顶42的顶部和第1排出塔15的下端连接起来。
第1控制装置60A基于由内槽压力计95检测的内槽内压而使第1压力释放阀46和开闭阀49动作。第1控制装置60A始终监视由内槽压力计95检测的内槽内压。当内槽内压超过第1容许值时,第1控制装置60A进行将第1压力释放阀46和开闭阀49打开的第1泄压控制。另外,第1控制装置60A在第1泄压控制的期间也监视内槽内压,当在第1泄压控制期间内槽内压为第1基准值(第1基准值<第1容许值)以下时,关闭第1压力释放阀46和开闭阀49而结束第1泄压控制。另外,第1容许值为内槽用容许值,第1基准值为内槽用基准值。
当第1压力释放阀46打开时,液化气的蒸发气体从内槽4的顶部向第1排出线45流入。当开闭阀49打开时,液化气从内槽4的下部向加温线47流入。流入到加温线47的液化气通过加热器48被加热至比内槽4内的蒸发气体更高的温度为止。被加温线47加热而气化的液化气向第1排出线45流入,由此蒸发气体与处于内槽4的顶部时相比成为高温而向第1排出塔15流入。流入到第1排出塔15的蒸发的蒸发气体在第1排出塔15内上升,并从第1排出塔15的上端部向大气排出。
这样,在第1泄压机构10A中,在内槽4的内槽内压变得过大时,从内槽4通过第1排出塔15将蒸发气体向外部排出,由此内槽4被泄压。另外,通过第1排出塔15向大气排出的蒸发气体与处于内槽4内时相比成为高温,抑制了在第1排出塔15的排出口附近生成液体空气。
[第2泄压机构10B]
本实施方式的船舶1具有独立于第1泄压机构10A的第2泄压机构10B。第2泄压机构10B构成为在液化气向双重壳罐3的内槽4与外槽5的槽间区域30漏出而使槽间区域30的压力(以下称为“槽间内压”)超过预先设定的第2容许压的万一情况下,将漏出到槽间区域30而气化的液化气通过第2排出塔16向大气排出。本实施方式的第2排出塔16独立于第1排出塔15。第2排出塔16的排出口也与第1排出塔15同样地设置在与本船的发火源和船员隔离的场所。
第2泄压机构10B具有:第2排出线81,其连接外槽5的外槽顶52和第2排出塔16;第2压力释放阀(槽间用压力释放阀)83,其设置于第2排出线81;第3排出线82,其连接外槽5的外槽主体部51和第2排出线81;第3压力释放阀84,其设置于第3排出线82;上侧真空计91和上侧压力计93,它们检测上侧区域31的压力;下侧真空计92和下侧压力计94,它们检测下侧区域32的压力;惰性气体供给线85,其连接惰性气体源87和第2排出线81;供给阀86,其设置于惰性气体供给线85;以及第2控制装置(槽间用控制装置)60B。第2排出线81完全独立于第1排出线45。
第2控制装置60B也可以与第1泄压机构10A所具有的第1控制装置60A共用。另外,本说明书公开的控制装置60A、60B的功能能够使用包括被构成或编程为执行所公开的功能的通用处理器、专用处理器、集成电路、ASIC(Application Specific IntegratedCircuit:专用集成电路)、以往的电路以及/或者它们的组合在内的电路或者处理电路来执行。处理器包括晶体管或其他电路,因此视为处理电路或电路。在本公开中,电路、单元或者构件是执行所列举的功能的硬件、或者被编程为执行所列举的功能的硬件。硬件既可以是本说明书公开的硬件,或者也可以是被编程或构成为执行所列举的功能的其他已知的硬件。在硬件是被认为是电路的一种的处理器的情况下,电路、构件或单元是硬件与软件的组合,软件被用于硬件和/或处理器的结构。
第2控制装置60B基于由上侧真空计91和上侧压力计93检测的上侧区域31的压力而使第2压力释放阀83和供给阀86动作。第2控制装置60B始终监视由上侧真空计91和上侧压力计93检测的上侧区域31的压力。当上侧区域31的压力超过第2容许值时,第2控制装置60B进行将第2压力释放阀83和供给阀86打开的第2泄压控制。第2控制装置60B在第2泄压控制期间也继续进行上侧区域31的压力的监视,当在第2泄压控制期间上侧区域31的压力为第2基准值(第2基准值<第2容许值)以下时,关闭第2压力释放阀83和供给阀86而结束第2泄压控制。另外,第2容许值为槽间用容许值,第2基准值为槽间用基准值。一般而言,外槽5的设计耐压比内槽4的设计耐压低,因此没有特别限定,但第2容许值可以比第1容许值小,第2基准值可以比第1基准值小。
当第2压力释放阀83打开时,气化的液化气从上侧区域31向第2排出线81流入。当供给阀86打开时,惰性气体从惰性气体源87向第2排出线81流入。流入到第2排出线81的惰性气体对在第2排出线81中流动的气化的液化气进行稀释。稀释后的气化的液化气向第2排出塔16流入,在第2排出塔16内上升而从第2排出塔16的上端部向大气排出。
第2控制装置60B基于由下侧真空计92和下侧压力计94检测的下侧区域32的压力而使第3压力释放阀84和供给阀86动作。第2控制装置60B始终监视由下侧真空计92和下侧压力计94检测的下侧区域32的压力。当下侧区域32的压力超过第2容许值时,第2控制装置60B进行将第3压力释放阀84和供给阀86打开的第3泄压控制。第2控制装置60B在第3泄压控制的期间也继续进行下侧区域32的压力的监视,当在第3泄压控制的期间下侧区域32的压力为第2基准值以下时,关闭第3压力释放阀84和供给阀86而结束第3泄压控制。
当第3压力释放阀84打开时,气化的液化气从下侧区域32通过第3排出线82向第2排出线81流入。当供给阀86打开时,惰性气体从惰性气体源87向第2排出线81流入。流入到第2排出线81的惰性气体对在第2排出线81中流动的气化的液化气进行稀释。稀释后的气化的液化气向第2排出塔16流入,在第2排出塔16内上升并从第2排出塔16的上端部向大气排出。
这样,在第2泄压机构10B中,在上侧区域31和/或下侧区域32的压力过大时,气化的液化气从上侧区域31和/或下侧区域32通过第2排出塔16向外部排出,由此上侧区域31和/或下侧区域32被泄压。
如以上说明的那样,本实施方式的船舶1具有:船体2;至少1个双重壳罐3,其搭载于船体2,具有收纳液化气的内槽4和覆盖该内槽4的外槽5;至少1个第1排出塔15,其从船体2向上方延伸;至少1个第2排出塔16,其独立于第1排出塔15,从船体2向上方延伸;第1排出线45,其将内槽4内的上部和第1排出塔15的塔内连接起来;第2排出线81,其独立于第1排出线45,将内槽4与外槽5的槽间区域30和第2排出塔16的塔内连接起来;以及压力释放装置(在本实施方式中为第2压力释放阀83),其设置于第2排出线81,在通常时关闭并且在槽间区域30的压力超过规定的第2容许值(槽间用容许值)时打开。另外,在本实施方式的船舶1中,槽间区域30被分隔为多个区域(上侧区域31和下侧区域32),多个区域的各个区域与第2排出线81连接。
根据上述结构的船舶1,当由于液化气浸入内槽4与外槽5的槽间区域30并气化而使槽间区域30的压力上升时,气化的液化气从槽间区域30通过第2排出线81排出,由此槽间区域30被泄压。因此,能够防止内槽4、外槽5被过大压力损伤。
另外,从内槽4排出的液化气的蒸发气体与从槽间区域30排出的气化的液化气具有相互独立的排出路线。即,内槽4的蒸发气体的排出路线由第1排出线45和第1排出塔15形成,向槽间区域30漏出而气化的液化气的排出路线由第2排出线81和第2排出塔16形成。因此,在进行槽间区域30的泄压时,能够防止气化的液化气、外部气体向内槽4的蒸发气体的排出路线内逆流。
另外,本实施方式的船舶1具有:第1压力释放阀(内槽用压力释放阀)46,其设置于第1排出线45;内槽压力计95,其检测内槽4内的压力;以及第1控制装置(内槽用控制装置)60A,其对第1压力释放阀46进行控制,使得当检测出的内槽4内的压力超过第1容许值(内槽用容许值)时将第1压力释放阀46打开,然后,当检测出的内槽4内的压力成为比第1容许值低的规定的第1基准值(内槽用基准值)时将第1压力释放阀46关闭。
由此,能够使用于内槽4的第1泄压机构10A自动地动作。另外,在本实施方式的船舶1中,能够使用于内槽4的第1泄压机构10A独立于用于槽间区域30的第2泄压机构10B而动作。但是,第1泄压机构10A和第2泄压机构10B也可以同时动作。
另外,本实施方式的船舶1具有:槽间压力计,其检测槽间区域30的压力;以及第2控制装置(槽间用控制装置)60B,其对第2压力释放阀83进行控制,使得当检测出的槽间区域30的压力超过第2容许值时将第2压力释放阀83打开,然后,当检测出的槽间区域30的压力成为比第2容许值低的规定的第2基准值(槽间用容许值)时将第2压力释放阀83关闭。另外,在上述实施方式中,上侧真空计91、下侧真空计92、上侧压力计93以及下侧压力计94相当于槽间压力计。
这样,能够使用于槽间区域30的第2泄压机构10B自动地动作。另外,在本实施方式的船舶1中,能够使用于槽间区域30的第2泄压机构10B独立于用于内槽4的第1泄压机构10A而动作。
此外,本实施方式的船舶1具有向第2排出线81供给惰性气体的惰性气体供给线85。
由此,通过第2排出塔16向大气排出的气化的液化气被惰性气体稀释,因此能够更安全地排出气化的液化气。
以上,对本发明的优选实施方式进行了说明,但在不脱离本发明的主旨的范围内,对上述实施方式的具体构造和/或功能的详细情况进行了变更的方式也能够包含在本发明中。上述结构例如能够如以下那样进行变更。
例如,在上述实施方式的船舶1中,作为设置于第1排出线45的压力释放装置的一例,采用第1压力释放阀46,作为设置于第2排出线81的压力释放装置的一例,采用第2压力释放阀83,作为设置于第3排出线82的压力释放装置的一例,采用第3压力释放阀84。但是,这些压力释放装置并不限定于接受控制装置60A、60B的控制而动作的阀。例如,作为泄压装置,也可以采用弹簧式安全阀、破裂板。
另外,在上述实施方式的船舶1中,槽间区域30被分隔为多个空间(上侧区域31和下侧区域32),但也可以省略分隔部件33而使槽间区域30为连续的1个空间。
标号说明
1:船舶;2:船体;3:双重壳罐;4:内槽;5:外槽;10A:第1泄压机构;10B:第2泄压机构;15:第1排出塔;16:第2排出塔;45:第1排出线;46:第1压力释放阀(内槽用压力释放阀);60A:第1控制装置(内槽用控制装置);60B:第2控制装置(槽间用控制装置);81:第2排出线;82:第3排出线;83:第2压力释放阀(压力释放装置的一例的槽间用压力释放阀);84:第3压力释放阀(压力释放装置的一例的槽间用压力释放阀);85:惰性气体供给线;86:供给阀;87:惰性气体源;91:上侧真空计(槽间压力计);92:下侧真空计(槽间压力计);93:上侧压力计(槽间压力计);94:下侧压力计(槽间压力计);95:内槽压力计。

Claims (5)

1.一种船舶,其具有:
船体;
至少1个双重壳罐,其搭载于所述船体,具有收纳液化气的内槽和覆盖该内槽的外槽;
至少1个第1排出塔,其从所述船体向上方延伸;
至少1个第2排出塔,其独立于所述第1排出塔,从所述船体向上方延伸;
第1排出线,其将所述内槽内的上部和所述第1排出塔的塔内连接起来;
第2排出线,其将所述内槽与所述外槽的槽间区域和所述第2排出塔的塔内连接起来;以及
压力释放装置,其设置于所述第2排出线,在通常时关闭并且在所述槽间区域的压力超过规定的槽间用容许值时打开。
2.根据权利要求1所述的船舶,其中,
所述压力释放装置是槽间用压力释放阀,
所述船舶还具有:
槽间压力计,其检测所述槽间区域的压力;以及
槽间用控制装置,其对所述槽间用压力释放阀进行控制,使得当检测出的所述槽间区域的压力超过所述槽间用容许值时将所述槽间用压力释放阀打开,然后,当检测出的所述槽间区域的压力成为比所述槽间用容许值低的规定的槽间用基准值时将所述槽间用压力释放阀关闭。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的船舶,其中,
所述船舶还具有向所述第2排出线供给惰性气体的惰性气体供给线。
4.根据权利要求1至3中的任意一项所述的船舶,其中,
所述槽间区域被分隔成多个区域,多个区域的各个区域与所述第2排出线连接。
5.根据权利要求1至4中的任意一项所述的船舶,其中,
所述船舶还具有:
内槽用压力释放阀,其设置于所述第1排出线;
内槽压力计,其检测所述内槽内的压力;以及
内槽用控制装置,其对所述内槽用压力释放阀进行控制,使得当检测出的所述内槽内的压力超过规定的内槽用容许值时将所述内槽用压力释放阀打开,然后,当检测出的所述内槽内的压力成为比所述内槽用容许值低的规定的内槽用基准值时将所述内槽用压力释放阀关闭。
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