CN115380767A

CN115380767A - Pomegranate fruit residue-containing oyster mushroom culture material and preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN115380767A
Application number: CN202211126385.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 楚晓真; 崔杏春; 刘璇; 刘格; 龚攀; 王保瑞; 高翔; 史春霞
Original assignee: ZHENGZHOU VEGETABLE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Current assignee: ZHENGZHOU VEGETABLE RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Priority date: 2022-09-16
Filing date: 2022-09-16
Publication date: 2022-11-25

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of mushroom culture material preparation and mushroom cultivation, and particularly relates to an oyster mushroom culture material containing pomegranate pomace and a preparation method and application thereof. The invention provides an oyster mushroom compost containing pomegranate pomace, which comprises, by mass, 20-85% of pomegranate pomace, 0-60% of cottonseed hulls, 5-20% of soybean meal, 5-10% of bran, 1-5% of gypsum and 1% of an anti-oxidant. The pomegranate pomace is used as the main raw material to prepare the oyster mushroom compost, so that rich nutrient substances in the pomegranate pomace can be fully utilized, and the aims of improving the quality of oyster mushrooms and increasing the yield of oyster mushrooms are fulfilled. Furthermore, in the cultivation method, the self-made nutrient solution is used for replacing clear water to mix materials, so that the fruiting times of the oyster mushroom can be increased, and the contents of amino acids and crude protein in the fruiting body of the oyster mushroom can be increased; and in the later stage of fruiting, only water needs to be supplemented, and the multi-crop fruiting can be realized without supplementing nutrient solution.

Description

Pomegranate fruit residue-containing oyster mushroom culture material and preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of mushroom culture material preparation and mushroom cultivation, and particularly relates to an oyster mushroom culture material containing pomegranate pomace and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

The oyster mushroom is a high-protein, low-fat and high-quality fungus with rich nutrition, delicious taste and fleshy meat, has good edible and medicinal values, and is deeply loved by people. The oyster mushroom is one of the edible mushrooms with the widest cultivation area in China, and has the characteristics of easiness in cultivation, short period, high yield, good economic benefit and the like. In particular, live oyster mushroom is an innovative cultivation form of oyster mushroom in recent years, and is also an innovative point of live vegetables: the edible mushroom fresh-keeping table is attractive and elegant, safe and sanitary, high in freshness, capable of being directly moved to a dining table for people to eat, entering catering industries such as hotels and hot pot restaurants, and more favored by some citizens for buying living edible mushrooms, and capable of enjoying the fresh edible mushrooms after the citizens leave home, and the living edible mushrooms can be harvested for multiple times, so that the edible mushroom fresh-keeping table meets the requirements of the citizens, and has a great development prospect.

The formula of the culture material used for the cultivation of the oyster mushroom at present is basically the traditional formula, mainly takes the culture materials such as cotton seed hulls, corncobs and the like, adopts the traditional bag cultivation process, and has less fruiting stubbles and poorer quality; particularly, when the traditional culture material is applied to the cultivation of living oyster mushrooms, the yield and the quality of the living oyster mushrooms are influenced, and the appearance of the living oyster mushrooms directly placed on a dining table is greatly influenced.

The river south is an important pomegranate producing area in China, and the spring Yang, the unsealing, the sealing, the consolidation, the Luoyang and other places on the two sides of the yellow river are mainly concentrated on the spring Yang, and the spring Yang are flourishing in the spring Yang region and are well known in China.

Pomegranate is a fruit which integrates ecological value, economic value, social value, ornamental value and health care value, and has important health care functions and pharmacological actions of delaying senility, preventing heart disease and cardiovascular disease, resisting cancer, resisting mutation, regulating immune system, reducing hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia and the like. Besides being used for fresh eating, the pomegranate is mainly used for processing pomegranate juice, pomegranate fruit wine, pomegranate fruit vinegar, pomegranate fruit pulp and other products. During pomegranate processing, a large amount of pomegranate by-products are produced. According to the calculation and statistics, about 322-341L of pomegranate juice can be squeezed out of 1 ton of pomegranate, and about 669 kg of by-products can be generated at the same time, wherein the by-products of the pomegranate can account for 2/3 of the total weight (the resource utilization of polyphenol extracted from the pericarp of the pomegranate [ D ]. Jiangsu university, 2010).

Pomegranate processing byproducts are residues of the pressed pomegranate, mainly including pomegranate rind, pomegranate flesh, pomegranate seeds, etc., of which the pomegranate rind and pomegranate flesh account for about 78% and the pomegranate seeds account for 22% (Zhu CP, zhai XC, li LQ, et al. Response surface optimization of adsorbed-associated polysaccharides extract [ J ]. Food Chemistry,2015,177 139-146. The pomegranate by-product contains rich nutritional and functional components such as protein, fat, cellulose, free amino acid, soluble sugar, polyphenol substances, flavonoid substances, quercetin, alkaloid and the like (differential analysis of pomegranate peel and pomegranate seed components [ J ] agricultural product processing, 2008, 12; wan hong Tao. Composition and property research of active components in three pomegranate by-product extracting solutions [ J ] food technology, 2016, 1. Most enterprises take a large amount of pomegranate byproducts as animal feed, fuel and the like for treatment due to the consideration of technology and cost, and even directly take the pomegranate byproducts as garbage for waste treatment. This not only results in a serious waste of resources but also results in a serious pollution of the environment surrounding the producing area and the processing enterprise.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an oyster mushroom compost containing pomegranate pomace and a preparation method and application thereof.

The invention provides an oyster mushroom culture material containing pomegranate fruit residues, which comprises, by mass, 20-85% of pomegranate fruit residues, 0-60% of cottonseed hulls, 5-20% of soybean meal, 5-10% of bran, 1-5% of gypsum and 1% of an anti-oxidant.

Preferably, the bran comprises a large piece of bran.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the oyster mushroom culture material, which comprises the following steps:

pre-wetting pomegranate pomace particles and cottonseed hulls by using a self-made nutrient solution, and standing for 10-12 hours to obtain a pre-wetted mixture;

spreading the pre-wetted mixture, and mixing the spread mixture with soybean meal, bran, gypsum and an anti-aging agent to obtain a first mixture;

mixing and turning the first mixture by using a self-made nutrient solution, and stacking and fermenting the mixture after mixing and turning to obtain the oyster mushroom compost;

the self-made nutrient solution takes water as a solvent, and each 1L of the self-made nutrient solution comprises 0.926g of calcium nitrate, 0.78g of potassium nitrate, 0.138g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.495g of magnesium sulfate, 0.5g of organic fertilizer, 0.015g of ferric EDTA, 0.0028g of boric acid, 0.0021g of manganese sulfate, 0.0003g of zinc sulfate, 0.00006g of copper sulfate and 0.00004g of ammonium molybdate.

Preferably, the fermentation time is 24-48 h.

Preferably, the particle size of the pomegranate pomace particles is 2-5 mm.

The invention also provides application of the oyster mushroom culture material in the technical scheme or the oyster mushroom culture material prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme in oyster mushroom cultivation.

Preferably, the oyster mushroom includes living oyster mushroom.

The invention also provides a cultivation method of oyster mushroom, which comprises the following steps:

inoculating oyster mushroom strains into an edible mushroom cultivation box filled with an oyster mushroom culture material, and carrying out spawn running cultivation until hyphae grow over the edible mushroom cultivation box, wherein the oyster mushroom culture material is the oyster mushroom culture material in the technical scheme;

stimulating hyphae in the edible fungus cultivation box by temperature difference to obtain budded oyster mushroom;

opening the protective cover of the edible mushroom cultivation box to enable the budded oyster mushrooms to grow in the fruiting holes of the edible mushroom cultivation box;

the domestic fungus cultivation box includes the basin body, lid and protection casing, the bottom of the basin body is provided with the infiltration hole, the top of the basin body is provided with protruding edge, the protection casing lid fits protruding edge is last, the lid set up in the basin body, the edge of lid is provided with waters the mouth, the middle part of lid is provided with out the mushroom hole.

Preferably, the time of the temperature difference stimulation is 5-7 d.

Preferably, the cultivation method further comprises the step of supplementing water to the oyster mushroom cultivation material after 2 stubbles of oyster mushrooms are harvested.

Has the advantages that:

the invention provides an oyster mushroom compost containing pomegranate pomace, which comprises, by mass, 20-85% of pomegranate pomace, 0-60% of cottonseed hulls, 5-20% of soybean meal, 5-10% of bran, 1-5% of gypsum and 1% of an anti-oxidant. According to the invention, pomegranate pomace is used as a main raw material to prepare the oyster mushroom compost, and abundant tannin, flavone, amino acid, alkaloid, fruit acid and various trace elements in the pomegranate pomace can be fully utilized, so that the effect of increasing substances such as polysaccharide, amino acid and flavone in oyster mushroom is achieved, the quality of oyster mushroom is improved, the medicinal effect of oyster mushroom is enhanced, the nutritional value and the medicinal value of oyster mushroom are improved, and the yield of oyster mushroom is increased; meanwhile, the pomegranate pomace can be fully utilized, and the waste of resources is reduced.

The invention also provides a cultivation method of the oyster mushroom, wherein the self-made nutrient solution is used for replacing clear water to mix materials, so that the fruiting times of the oyster mushroom can be increased, and the contents of amino acid and crude protein in the fruiting body of the oyster mushroom can be increased. And in the later period of fruiting, the multi-crop fruiting can be realized only by supplementing water without supplementing nutrient solution.

Meanwhile, the edible fungus cultivation box is a novel and authorized edible fungus cultivation device, edible fungus culture materials are contained in the pot body, and nutrients are provided for growth of oyster mushroom strains; the oyster mushroom cultivation based on the edible mushroom cultivation box and the oyster mushroom cultivation material containing pomegranate pomace has the following advantages:

1) The hypha spawn running period is shortened: this edible mushroom cultivation box has the lid and embedded in the box body, can shelter from light, avoids the fungus of light direct injection oyster mushroom, promotes the hypha and grows.

2) The water replenishing is convenient, and the time and the labor are saved: the edge of this cultivation box cover body is provided with the mouth of a river, need not take off the lid and can water the oyster mushroom, easy operation, labour saving and time saving.

3) The mushroom is positioned and grown, and the mushroom shape is more beautiful: the middle part of the cover body is provided with the mushroom holes, so that the strains can grow mushrooms directionally, the mushroom flowers are larger, the mushroom shapes are more attractive, and the meat is more fresh and tender.

4) This edible mushroom cultivation box top is provided with the protection casing, and the protection casing lid fits protruding edge upward, can reduce the evaporation of moisture in the box body on the one hand, for the growth of edible mushroom provides the environment of moisturizing, also can provide the protection for the edible mushroom on the other hand, avoids outside impurity or junk to influence the growth of edible mushroom.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly described below.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an edible fungus cultivation apparatus provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a pot body in the edible fungus culturing apparatus shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3a is a schematic view of the structure of the cover of the edible fungus cultivation apparatus shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3b is a schematic view of another angle of the cover of the edible fungus culturing apparatus shown in FIG. 3 a;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a protective cover in the edible fungus cultivation apparatus shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the edible fungi culturing apparatus shown in FIG. 1 with a protective cover removed.

Reference numerals are as follows: 101-a pot body; 102-a cover body; 103-a protective cover; 104-water seepage holes; 105-convex edge; 106-pouring gate; 107-fruiting holes; 108-air holes; 109-a handle; 110-lid edge.

Detailed Description

The invention provides an oyster mushroom compost containing pomegranate pomace, which comprises, by mass, 20-85% of pomegranate pomace, 0-60% of cottonseed hulls, 5-20% of soybean meal, 5-10% of bran, 1-5% of gypsum and 1% of an anti-oxidant.

Unless otherwise specified, all components in the oyster mushroom compost disclosed by the invention are conventional commercially available products.

The oyster mushroom compost provided by the invention comprises 20-85 wt.% of pomegranate pomace, more preferably 21-80 wt.%, even more preferably 26-70 wt.%, even more preferably 42-68 wt.%, and most preferably 49-59 wt.%, and in the specific implementation process of the invention, any value in the range of 20-85 wt.% can be selected, such as: 20wt.%, 21wt.%, 26wt.%, 42wt.%, 49wt.%, 52wt.%, 59wt.%, 68wt.%, 72wt.%, 75wt.%, and 85wt.%. The composition of the pomegranate pomace is not particularly limited, and any pomegranate pomace can be used, such as a pomegranate processing byproduct mainly comprising pomegranate peel and pomegranate seeds. The pomegranate pomace disclosed by the invention contains abundant tannin, flavone, amino acid, alkaloid, fruit acid and various trace elements, and the contents of substances such as polysaccharide, amino acid and flavonoid in oyster mushroom can be increased by preparing the oyster mushroom compost from the pomegranate pomace.

The oyster mushroom culture material provided by the invention comprises 0-60 wt.% of cottonseed hulls, more preferably 6-50 wt.%, even more preferably 8-50 wt.%, even more preferably 10-44 wt.%, and most preferably 12-40 wt.%. In the practice of the present invention, any value in the range of 0 to 60wt.% may be selected, such as: 0wt.%, 4wt.%, 6wt.%, 12wt.%, 20wt.%, 24wt.%, 28wt.%, 32wt.%, 36wt.%, 44wt.%, 50wt.%, and 60wt.%.

The invention comprises 5-20 wt.% of soybean meal, more preferably 8-18 wt.%, and even more preferably 10-15 wt.%. In the practice of the present invention, any value in the range of 5 to 20wt.% may be selected, such as: 5wt.%, 7wt.%, 8wt.%, 9wt.%, 10wt.%, 12wt.%, 15wt.%, 17wt.%, 18wt.%, and 20wt.%.

The oyster mushroom culture material provided by the invention comprises 5-10 wt.% of bran, more preferably 6-9 wt.%, and even more preferably 7-8 wt.%. The bran is preferably large bran; the bran can improve the permeability of the culture material, and particularly, the effect of improving the permeability of the culture material by large bran is stronger.

The oyster mushroom culture material provided by the invention comprises 1-5 wt.% of gypsum, more preferably 2-4 wt.%, and even more preferably 3wt.%.

The oyster mushroom compost provided by the invention comprises 1wt.% of an anti-oxidant. The anti-microbial agent is preferably an anti-microbial agent special for edible fungi. The purchase source and brand of the anti-infective agent are not particularly limited, and the anti-infective agent specially used for edible fungi which is conventionally purchased in the field can be adopted, for example, in the embodiment of the invention, the anti-infective agent purchased from Jingu strain limited company of Wuan city, hebei province is adopted, but the anti-infective agent is not limited to the brand and the source. The synergist can effectively kill sundry bacteria, spores and the like in the culture material.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the oyster mushroom compost in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:

stirring and turning the first mixture by using a self-made nutrient solution, and stacking and fermenting the mixture after stirring and turning to obtain the oyster mushroom compost;

the self-made nutrient solution takes water as a solvent, and each 1L of the self-made nutrient solution comprises 0.926g of calcium nitrate, 0.78g of potassium nitrate, 0.138g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.495g of magnesium sulfate, 0.5g of organic fertilizer, 0.015g of EDTA iron, 0.0028g of boric acid, 0.0021g of manganese sulfate, 0.0003g of zinc sulfate, 0.00006g of copper sulfate and 0.00004g of ammonium molybdate.

The pomegranate pomace is preferably crushed and sieved to obtain the pomegranate pomace particles. The particle size of the pomegranate pomace particles is preferably 2-5 mm, and particularly can be any value within the range of 2-5 mm, such as 2mm, 3mm, 4mm or 5mm. The present invention does not specifically limit the specific process of the pulverization and sieving, and a conventional pulverization process in the art may be employed.

After the pomegranate pomace particles are obtained, the method preheats the pomegranate pomace particles and cottonseed hulls by using the self-made nutrient solution, and stands for 10-12 hours to obtain a pre-wetted mixture. The invention does not specially limit the dosage of the self-made nutrient solution used in the pre-wetting process, and the pomegranate pomace particles and the cottonseed hulls are wetted. The time for the standing in the invention is preferably any value within the range of 10 to 12 hours, such as 10 hours, 11 hours or 12 hours.

The self-made nutrient solution disclosed by the invention preferably takes water as a solvent, and each 1L of the self-made nutrient solution preferably comprises 0.926g of calcium nitrate, 0.78g of potassium nitrate, 0.138g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.495g of magnesium sulfate, 0.5g of organic fertilizer, 0.015g of EDTA iron, 0.0028g of boric acid, 0.0021g of manganese sulfate, 0.0003g of zinc sulfate, 0.00006g of copper sulfate and 0.00004g of ammonium molybdate. The organic matter content in the organic fertilizer is preferably more than or equal to 300g/L; the content of water-insoluble substances is preferably less than or equal to 20g/L. The self-made nutrient solution can increase the fruiting times of the oyster mushroom and can increase the contents of amino acid and crude protein in the oyster mushroom fruiting body.

The invention also preferably provides a preparation method of the self-made nutrient solution, which comprises the following steps: respectively dissolving calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate and an organic fertilizer in water to obtain a calcium nitrate solution, a potassium nitrate solution, an ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution, magnesium sulfate and an organic fertilizer solution;

mixing EDTA iron, boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and ammonium molybdate, crushing, and dissolving in water to obtain a trace element solution;

and mixing the calcium nitrate solution, the potassium nitrate solution, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution, the magnesium sulfate and the organic fertilizer solution with the trace element solution, stirring, and fixing the volume to obtain the self-made nutrient solution.

According to the invention, calcium nitrate, potassium nitrate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate and organic fertilizer are preferably dissolved in water respectively to obtain a calcium nitrate solution, a potassium nitrate solution, an ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution, magnesium sulfate and an organic fertilizer solution. The water consumption for preparing the calcium nitrate solution, the potassium nitrate solution, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution, the magnesium sulfate and the organic fertilizer solution is not specially limited, and the aim of completely dissolving all the components in water is fulfilled. The calcium nitrate, the potassium nitrate, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, the magnesium sulfate and the organic fertilizer are respectively dissolved in water and then mixed, so that the aim of preventing the components from being directly mixed to generate chemical reaction and generate precipitate is fulfilled. The calcium nitrate, the potassium nitrate, the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, the magnesium sulfate and the organic fertilizer provide macroelements for the self-made nutrient solution.

According to the invention, EDTA iron, boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and ammonium molybdate are preferably mixed, crushed and dissolved in water to obtain the trace element solution. The EDTA iron, the boric acid, the manganese sulfate, the zinc sulfate, the copper sulfate and the ammonium molybdate provide trace elements for the self-made nutrient solution. The trace element solution is preferably 100 times of stock solution. The invention preferably prepares the microelement solution in the form of 100 times of stock solution, which is convenient for the microelement to be accurately weighed and reduces the preparation error.

After obtaining the macroelement solution and the trace element solution, the invention preferably pours the macroelement solution and the trace element solution into clear water in sequence, stirs and fixes the volume to obtain the self-made nutrient solution. The stirring is not particularly limited in the invention, and the stirring is performed by adopting the conventional stirring in the field until the stirring is uniform and no precipitate exists.

After the pre-wetting mixture is obtained, the pre-wetted mixture is uniformly spread and mixed with the soybean meal, the bran, the gypsum and the resistance increasing agent to obtain a first mixture. The invention uniformly spreads the pre-wetted mixture and then sprinkles the bean pulp, the bran, the gypsum and the brightener in the spread pre-wetted mixture, which is beneficial to uniformly mixing all the components. Before the mixing, the invention preferably also comprises the step of dissolving the synergist and water to prepare the synergist solution. After the first mixture is obtained, the self-made nutrient solution is used for stirring and turning the first mixture, and the mixture after stirring and turning is piled up and fermented to obtain the oyster mushroom compost. The stirring and turning is preferably continuous stirring and turning, and the stirring and turning frequency is preferably 3-4 times, so that the components are uniformly mixed. The size of the raw material pile after the pile is built is not specially limited, and the size of the raw material pile for conventional fermentation in the field is adopted. The invention preferably further comprises tamping the surface of the stockpile. The fermentation according to the invention is preferably carried out as an open fermentation, without any covering. The fermentation time of the invention is preferably 24 to 48 hours, and more preferably 32 to 40 hours.

The invention also provides application of the oyster mushroom culture material in the technical scheme or the oyster mushroom culture material prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme in oyster mushroom cultivation. The oyster mushroom according to the present invention preferably includes living oyster mushroom. When the oyster mushroom culture material is used for oyster mushroom cultivation, particularly living oyster mushroom cultivation, the yield of oyster mushrooms can be increased, meanwhile, nutrient substances including polysaccharide, amino acid, flavonoid and the like in the oyster mushrooms are increased, the quality of the oyster mushrooms is improved, the medicinal effect of the oyster mushrooms is increased, and the nutritional value and the medicinal value of the oyster mushrooms are increased.

inoculating oyster mushroom strains into an edible mushroom cultivation box filled with an oyster mushroom culture material, and growing fungi for cultivation until hyphae grow over the edible mushroom cultivation box, wherein the oyster mushroom culture material is the oyster mushroom culture material in the technical scheme;

performing temperature difference stimulation on the hyphae in the edible fungus cultivation box to obtain budded oyster mushrooms;

The invention inoculates oyster mushroom strains in the edible mushroom cultivation box filled with oyster mushroom compost, and the edible mushroom cultivation box is cultured by spawn running until hypha grows over the edible mushroom cultivation box, wherein the oyster mushroom compost is the oyster mushroom compost of the technical scheme.

According to the invention, the oyster mushroom culture medium is preferably turned and piled once and then is loaded into the edible mushroom culture box, so that the edible mushroom culture box filled with the oyster mushroom culture medium is obtained. The edible fungus cultivation box preferably comprises a pot body, a cover body and a protective cover, wherein the bottom of the pot body is provided with a water seepage hole, the top end of the pot body is provided with a convex edge, the protective cover covers the convex edge, the cover body is arranged in the pot body, the edge of the cover body is provided with a watering opening, and the middle of the cover body is provided with a mushroom outlet hole. The edible fungus cultivation box is preferably an edible fungus cultivation box in a utility model patent with the patent number ZL201620904428.3, and the structure diagram of the edible fungus cultivation box is shown in figures 1-5; any edible fungus cultivation box with the optimal condition in the utility model can be used for cultivating the oyster mushrooms.

After the edible mushroom cultivation box filled with the oyster mushroom compost is obtained, the edible mushroom cultivation box filled with the oyster mushroom compost is preferably sterilized to obtain the sterilized edible mushroom cultivation box. The temperature for sterilization in the invention is preferably 110 ℃; the time for the sterilization is preferably 4 to 5 hours, and particularly any value of 4 to 5 hours, such as 4 hours, 4.5 hours or 5 hours, can be preferred. The present invention preferably employs a sterilization pot for the sterilization. The source and the type of the sterilization pot are not particularly limited, and the sterilization pot with the conventional source and type in the field can be adopted. After the sterilized edible fungus cultivation box is obtained, the sterilized edible fungus cultivation box is preferably sterilized, the sterilization mode is not particularly limited, and the conventional mode for sterilizing the edible fungus cultivation device in the field can be adopted.

After the disinfection is finished, the oyster mushroom strains are inoculated into the edible mushroom cultivation box filled with the oyster mushroom compost, and spawn running cultivation is carried out until hyphae grow over the edible mushroom cultivation box. The edible fungus cultivation box is preferably used for inoculation through fruiting holes of the edible fungus cultivation box. The type of the oyster mushroom strain is not particularly limited, any oyster mushroom strain can be cultivated by the cultivation method, and the cultivation method is particularly suitable for cultivation of living oyster mushrooms. The spawn running culture is preferably performed in a dark place, and the spawn running culture temperature is preferably 18-25 ℃.

After the edible mushroom cultivation box is full of hyphae, the temperature difference stimulation is carried out on the hyphae in the edible mushroom cultivation box, and the budded oyster mushroom is obtained. The time of the temperature difference stimulation is preferably 5-7 d.

After the budded oyster mushrooms are obtained, the protective cover of the edible mushroom cultivation box is opened, so that the budded oyster mushrooms grow in mushroom holes in the middle of the cover body of the edible mushroom cultivation box. After the oyster mushrooms grow out, the method preferably further comprises the step of spraying water to the mushroom buds for 1-2 times every day until the mushroom buds grow to reach the size of peanut grains until harvesting. The ratio of the volume of each water spraying amount to the mass of the oyster mushroom compost is preferably 30-50 mL: 2-2.5 kg.

After the harvesting is finished, the method preferably also comprises the step of removing residual roots so as to facilitate the fruiting of the next-stubble oyster mushrooms in time. The invention has no special limit on the removal of the residual root and can remove the residual root in time.

In the cultivation method of the present invention, it is preferable that the cultivation method further comprises adding water to the oyster mushroom compost after harvesting 2-crop oyster mushrooms. The invention preferably carries out the supplement through the watering holes on the edible fungus cultivation box; the amount of each time of supplementing water is preferably that liquid flows out of the water outlet hole below the edible fungus cultivation box.

In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following detailed description of the technical solutions provided by the present invention is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The pomegranate pomace-containing oyster mushroom compost comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 42% of pomegranate pomace, 36% of cottonseed hulls, 10% of soybean meal, 10% of large bran, 1% of gypsum and 1% of an anti-oxidant.

The preparation method of the pomegranate pomace-containing oyster mushroom compost comprises the following steps:

(1) Crushing pomegranate pomace by a crusher, and sieving to obtain pomegranate pomace particles with the particle size of 5mm;

(2) Weighing pomegranate pomace particles and cottonseed hulls according to a proportion, using a self-made nutrient solution to carry out water pumping and pre-wetting, and standing for 12 hours;

(3) Uniformly spreading pomegranate pomace and cottonseed hulls, adding bean pulp, large pieces of bran, gypsum, a resistance increasing agent (added after the resistance increasing agent is fully dissolved by water) and a self-made nutrient solution according to a proportion, continuously stirring and turning over for 3-4 times to uniformly mix all the raw materials, then building a pile, slightly compacting the surface, and carrying out open fermentation without covering a plastic film for 48 hours;

the preparation method of the self-made nutrient solution comprises the following steps (based on 1 ton of water):

firstly weighing major elements: 926g of calcium nitrate, 780g of potassium nitrate, 138g of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 495g of magnesium sulfate and 500g of a marine culture source organic fertilizer are respectively dissolved in water according to a proportion to obtain a macroelement solution, and then the microelements are weighed: 15g of EDTA iron, 2.8g of boric acid, 2.1g of manganese sulfate, 0.3g of zinc sulfate, 0.06g of copper sulfate and 0.04g of ammonium molybdate.

The preparation method of the trace elements comprises the following steps: according to the weight of 1 ton of standard solution, the fertilizer containing the trace elements is ground and uniformly mixed, and the total amount is as follows: 15+2.8+2.1+0.3+0.06+0.04=20.30g. When preparing 1 ton of solution, 20.30g of the solution, namely 20.30g of the solution is dissolved in 10kg of water to obtain 100 times of stock solution. After the macroelement solution and the trace element solution are obtained, about 2/3 of clear water is added into a solution pool, then the macroelement solution and the trace element solution are respectively poured into the solution pool while being stirred, and finally the clear water is added for constant volume, so that the self-made nutrient solution is obtained.

A cultivation method of oyster mushroom comprises the following steps:

1) The fermented culture material is turned over once again and then is filled into an edible fungus cultivation box (the cultivation box is a utility model patent of the inventor, and the patent number is ZL 201620904428.3).

2) Putting the filled cultivation boxes into a sterilization basket, uniformly filling the cultivation boxes into a sterilization pot for sterilization, keeping the cultivation boxes for 5 hours when the temperature rises to about 110 ℃, and taking the cultivation boxes out of the pot after cooling.

3) And (4) putting the cultivation box cooled and taken out of the pot into a sterilized inoculation chamber, and then inoculating through a mushroom hole above the cultivation box.

4) And (3) transferring the inoculated culture box into a spawn running room for spawn running culture, wherein the spawn running culture is performed in a dark culture mode, and the culture temperature is 18-25 ℃.

5) Stimulating with temperature difference after mycelium grows over the cultivation box, allowing buds to appear after 5-7 days, opening the protective cover above the cultivation box, allowing the protective cover to position fruiting holes from the upper 3 holes for fruiting, spraying water to the buds every day when the buds grow to peanut size for 1-2 times a day, spraying 30-50mL each time until harvesting, and removing residual roots in time after harvesting.

6) And (3) supplementing water to the cultivation material after 2 stubbles, supplementing water through a watering hole above the cultivation box when supplementing water, wherein the supplementing amount in each time is preferably that liquid flows out from a water outlet hole below the cultivation box.

Example 2

The pomegranate pomace-containing oyster mushroom compost comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 52% of pomegranate pomace, 20% of cottonseed hulls, 15% of soybean meal, 10% of large bran, 2% of gypsum and 1% of an anti-oxidant.

(1) Crushing pomegranate pomace by a crusher, and sieving to obtain pomegranate pomace particles with the particle size of 4mm;

(2) Weighing pomegranate pomace particles and cottonseed hulls according to a proportion, wetting with self-made nutrient solution, and standing for 11h;

(3) Uniformly spreading the pomegranate pomace and the cottonseed hulls, adding the soybean meal, the large sheets of bran, the gypsum, the resistance increasing agent (added after the resistance increasing agent is fully dissolved by water) and the self-made nutrient solution according to a proportion, continuously stirring and turning over for 3-4 times to uniformly mix all the raw materials, then building piles, slightly compacting the surfaces of the piles, and performing open fermentation without covering a plastic film for 40 hours;

the preparation method of the self-made nutrient solution is the same as that of the example 1.

A cultivation method of oyster mushroom comprises the following steps:

1) Turning the fermented culture medium once again, and then filling the culture medium into an edible fungus cultivation box (the cultivation box is a utility model patent of the inventor, and the patent number is ZL 201604428.3).

2) Putting the filled cultivation boxes into a sterilization basket, uniformly filling the cultivation boxes into a sterilization pot for sterilization, keeping the cultivation boxes for 4.5 hours when the temperature rises to about 110 ℃, and taking the cultivation boxes out of the pot after cooling.

5) Stimulating with temperature difference after mycelia fully grow in the cultivation box, generally 5-7d, allowing buds to appear, opening the protective cover above the cultivation box, allowing the protective cover to position fruiting holes from the upper 3, spraying water to the buds every day for 1-2 times a day when the buds grow to the size of peanut grains, and removing residual roots in time after harvesting until harvesting.

Example 3

The pomegranate pomace-containing oyster mushroom compost comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 59% of pomegranate pomace, 12% of cottonseed hulls, 20% of soybean meal, 5% of large bran, 3% of gypsum and 1% of an anti-oxidant.

(1) Crushing pomegranate pomace by a crusher, and sieving to obtain pomegranate pomace particles with the particle size of 3mm;

(2) Weighing pomegranate pomace particles and cottonseed hulls according to a proportion, using a self-made nutrient solution to carry out water pumping and pre-wetting, and standing for 10 hours;

(3) Uniformly spreading pomegranate pomace and cottonseed hulls, adding bean pulp, large pieces of bran, gypsum, a resistance increasing agent (added after the resistance increasing agent is fully dissolved by water) and a self-made nutrient solution according to a proportion, continuously stirring and turning over for 3-4 times to uniformly mix all the raw materials, then building a pile, slightly compacting the surface, and carrying out open fermentation without covering a plastic film, wherein the fermentation time is 32 hours;

A cultivation method of oyster mushroom comprises the following steps:

2) Putting the packaged cultivation boxes into a sterilization basket, uniformly packaging into a sterilization pot for sterilization, keeping for 4 hours when the temperature rises to about 110 ℃, and taking out of the pot after cooling.

4) And (3) transferring the inoculated culture box into a spawn running room for spawn running culture, wherein the spawn running culture is dark culture, and the culture temperature is 18-25 ℃.

5) Stimulating with temperature difference after mycelium grows over the cultivation box, generating buds after 5-7d, opening the protective cover above the cultivation box to position fruiting holes from the upper 3, spraying water to the buds every day for 1-2 times a day, spraying 30-50mL each time until harvesting, and removing residual roots in time after harvesting.

Example 4

An oyster mushroom culture material containing pomegranate pomace comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 85% of pomegranate pomace, 0% of cottonseed hull, 5% of soybean meal, 5% of large bran, 4% of gypsum and 1% of an anti-oxidant.

The preparation method of the oyster mushroom nutritional material containing pomegranate pomace comprises the following steps:

(1) Crushing pomegranate pomace by a crusher, and sieving to obtain pomegranate pomace particles with the particle size of 2mm;

(3) Uniformly spreading the pomegranate pomace and the cottonseed hulls, adding the soybean meal, the large sheets of bran, the gypsum, the resistance increasing agent (added after the resistance increasing agent is fully dissolved by water) and the self-made nutrient solution according to a proportion, continuously stirring and turning over for 3-4 times to uniformly mix all the raw materials, then building piles, slightly compacting the surfaces of the piles, and performing open fermentation without covering a plastic film for 24 hours;

A cultivation method of oyster mushroom comprises the following steps:

3) And (4) putting the cultivation box cooled out of the pot into a sterile inoculation chamber, and then inoculating through a fruiting hole above the cultivation box.

4) And (3) transferring the inoculated culture box into a spawn running room for spawn running culture, wherein the spawn running culture is light-tight culture, and the culture temperature is 18-25 ℃.

Example 5

An oyster mushroom culture material containing pomegranate pomace comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 68% of pomegranate pomace, 6% of cottonseed hulls, 10% of soybean meal, 10% of large bran, 5% of gypsum and 1% of an anti-oxidant.

The preparation method of the oyster mushroom compost containing pomegranate pomace and the cultivation method of oyster mushroom are the same as example 1.

Example 6

The pomegranate pomace-containing oyster mushroom compost comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 49% of pomegranate pomace, 28% of cottonseed hulls, 15% of soybean meal, 5% of large bran, 2% of gypsum and 1% of an anti-oxidant.

The preparation method of the oyster mushroom compost containing pomegranate pomace and the cultivation method of oyster mushroom are the same as example 2.

Example 7

The pomegranate pomace-containing oyster mushroom compost comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 26% of pomegranate pomace, 44% of cottonseed hulls, 20% of soybean meal, 5% of large bran, 4% of gypsum and 1% of an anti-oxidant.

The preparation method of the oyster mushroom compost containing pomegranate pomace and the oyster mushroom cultivation method are the same as example 3.

Example 8

The pomegranate pomace-containing oyster mushroom compost comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 21% of pomegranate pomace, 60% of cottonseed hulls, 5% of soybean meal, 10% of large bran, 3% of gypsum and 1% of an anti-oxidant.

The preparation method of the oyster mushroom compost containing pomegranate pomace and the oyster mushroom cultivation method are the same as example 4.

Comparative example 1

An oyster mushroom culture material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25% of cottonseed hulls, 56% of corncobs, 15% of large bran and 4% of gypsum.

The preparation method of the oyster mushroom compost comprises the following steps:

(1) Weighing the cotton seed hulls and the corn cobs according to a proportion, using clear water to carry out water pumping and pre-wetting, and standing for 12 hours.

(2) Uniformly spreading cotton seed hulls and corn cobs, adding large pieces of bran and gypsum according to a proportion, continuously stirring and turning over for 3-4 times to uniformly mix all the raw materials, then building a pile, slightly compacting the surface, and carrying out open fermentation without covering a plastic film, wherein the fermentation time is 48 hours.

A cultivation method of oyster mushroom comprises the following steps:

1) Turning over the fermented culture medium, filling into cylindrical polyethylene fungus bag, compressing, and sealing.

2) And (3) packaging the bagged fungus into a sterilization pot for sterilization, wherein the sterilization method is the same as that of the conventional oyster mushroom sterilization, the fungus is kept for 24 hours when the temperature is raised to about 100 ℃, and the fungus is taken out of the pot after being cooled.

3) And (4) cooling the fungus bags taken out of the pot, and inoculating the fungus bags according to a conventional oyster mushroom inoculation method.

4) And supplementing water to the cultivation material after 2 stubbles.

Comparative example 2

An oyster mushroom culture material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 41% of cottonseed hulls, 32% of corncobs, 25% of large-piece bran and 2% of gypsum.

(1) Weighing cottonseed hull and corn cob in proportion, pre-wetting with self-made nutrient solution, and standing for 12 hr.

(2) Uniformly spreading cotton seed hulls and corn cobs, adding large pieces of bran and gypsum according to a proportion, continuously stirring and turning over for 3-4 times to uniformly mix all the raw materials, then building a pile, slightly compacting the surface of the pile, and carrying out open fermentation without covering a plastic film, wherein the fermentation time is 48 hours.

A cultivation method of oyster mushroom comprises the following steps:

4) And (4) supplementing the nutrient solution to the cultivation material after 2 stubbles, wherein the supplemented nutrient solution is a self-made nutrient solution.

Comparative example 3

An oyster mushroom culture material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 51% of cottonseed hulls, 27% of corncobs, 10% of soybean meal, 10% of large bran, 1% of gypsum and 1% of an anti-oxidant.

(1) Weighing the cotton seed hulls and the corncobs according to a proportion, using a self-made nutrient solution to carry out water pumping and pre-wetting, and standing for 12 hours.

(2) Uniformly spreading cottonseed hulls and corn cobs, adding a large number of bran, gypsum, a resistance increasing agent (added after the resistance increasing agent is fully dissolved by water) and a self-made nutrient solution according to a proportion, continuously stirring and turning over piles for 3-4 times to uniformly mix all the raw materials, then building piles, slightly compacting the surfaces of the piles, and carrying out open fermentation without covering a plastic film for 48 hours.

A cultivation method of oyster mushroom comprises the following steps:

1) The fermented culture materials are turned over once again and then are filled into an edible fungus cultivation box (the cultivation box is a utility model patent invented by the inventor, and the patent number is ZL 201620904428.3).

2) And (3) putting the packaged cultivation boxes into a sterilization basket, uniformly packaging the cultivation boxes into a sterilization pot for sterilization, keeping the temperature for 5 hours when the temperature rises to about 110 ℃, and taking the cultivation boxes out of the pot after cooling.

4) And transferring the inoculated cultivation box into a spawn running room for spawn running cultivation.

5) After the cultivation box is full of hypha, stimulating by temperature difference, generally growing buds after 5-7 days, and then opening a protective cover above the cultivation box to enable the buds to grow from the 3 positioned fruiting holes above the cultivation box.

6) And (3) supplementing the cultivation material after 2 stubbles with self-made nutrient solution, and supplementing the nutrient solution through a watering hole above the cultivation box when supplementing the nutrient solution, wherein the supplement amount is preferably that liquid flows out from a water outlet hole below the cultivation box every time.

Test example 1

And (3) experimental evaluation:

1. test materials: the test strain is 650, provided by edible fungus laboratory of vegetable research institute in Zhengzhou city. The pomegranate fruit residue is provided by the production base of the Shuiyin pomegranate of the spring city, the resistance increasing agent is purchased from the Jingu strain Limited company of the Wuan city of the North and Hei province, and other materials are purchased by units in a unified way.

2. And (3) experimental design: treatment groups 1 to 8 correspond in sequence to examples 1 to 8. The control groups 1 to 3 correspond to the comparative examples 1 to 3 in this order.

3. The test method comprises the following steps: according to the experimental design, each treatment group is respectively provided with 10 cultivation boxes, comparison groups 1-2 are respectively provided with 10 fungus bags, and comparison group 3 is provided with 10 cultivation boxes. Each box (bag) is 2.5kg.

And (3) measuring results:

1) The determination results of the time for filling the bag with hypha, the growth vigor of the hypha, the first-crop mushroom yield, the total yield and the fruiting stubble are shown in table 1:

TABLE 1 Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation-related parameters in treatment groups 1-8 and control groups 1-3

Remarking: the "+" sign indicates dense hyphae and strong growth, the "+++" sign indicates dense hyphae and strong growth, the "++++" sign indicates dense hyphae and strong growth, and the "+++++" sign indicates the hyphae with the highest density and strong growth.

As can be seen from Table 1, in examples 1 to 8, the time for filling the box with mycelia was shorter than that in comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, and the mycelia grew vigorously and were pure white and strong. The cultivation box used in the invention can lead the hyphae to grow faster, and the hyphae are white and strong, thus shortening the hyphae spawn running period.

In the cultivation of oyster mushrooms, particularly in living oyster mushrooms, the fruiting concentration is required, so the first-crop yield of the mushrooms is important. As can be seen from the results in Table 1, the first-crop yield and the total yield of the oyster mushrooms in the examples 1 to 8 are higher than those in the comparative examples 1 to 3, the ratio of the first-crop yield to the total yield is also higher than those in the comparative examples 1 to 3, and the ratio of the first-crop yield to the total yield of the oyster mushrooms in the examples 1 to 8 can reach about 60%, so that the pomegranate fruit residues serving as the main material are more suitable for cultivation of the oyster mushrooms, especially for cultivation of living oyster mushrooms, and the first-crop yield and the total yield of the oyster mushrooms can be obviously improved.

Secondly, the fruiting times are also important indexes in oyster mushroom cultivation, especially in vivo oyster mushroom cultivation, and as can be seen from the results in table 1, the fruiting times in examples 1-8 are all higher than or equal to the comparative examples, which shows that in the oyster mushroom cultivation process, the fruiting times of oyster mushroom can be obviously improved by using self-made nutrient solution to replace clear water for mixing materials, and the purpose of multi-cropping fruiting can be achieved without supplementing nutrient solution in the later period, which is more convenient for oyster mushroom cultivation management, especially for in vivo oyster mushroom cultivation management.

2) The measurement results of the total amino acid content, polysaccharide content, polyphenol content and total flavone content in the oyster mushroom are shown in table 2, and the measurement method of each content is as follows:

and (3) amino acid content determination: GB 5009.124-2016 determination of amino acids in food safety national standard food;

determination of polysaccharide content [ determination of crude polysaccharide content in NY/T1676-2008 edible fungi ];

and (3) measuring the polyphenol content: the Folin phenol process;

and (3) measuring the flavone content: determination of total flavonoids in SN-T4592-2016 export food.

TABLE 2 measurement results of the total amino acid content, polysaccharide content, polyphenol content and total flavone content in the treatment groups 1 to 8 and the control groups 1 to 3

As can be seen from Table 2, the total amino acid content, polysaccharide content, polyphenol content and total flavone content of the oyster mushroom cultured in the examples 1 to 8 with the pomegranate pomace are higher than those of the comparative examples 1 to 3 without the pomegranate pomace, and further, the nutrient elements rich in the pomegranate pomace can be absorbed by the oyster mushroom and enriched in the fruiting bodies, so that the nutrient value and the medicinal value of the oyster mushroom can be improved by cultivating the oyster mushroom with the pomegranate pomace.

In summary, the oyster mushroom is cultivated by the mushroom culture material containing pomegranate pomace, so that the nutrition value and the medicinal value of the oyster mushroom can be improved, the yield of the oyster mushroom is improved, the income of mushroom farmers is increased, the resource reutilization can be realized, the cost is reduced, and the environment is protected.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The oyster mushroom compost containing pomegranate pomace is characterized by comprising, by mass, 20-85% of pomegranate pomace, 0-60% of cottonseed hulls, 5-20% of soybean meal, 5-10% of bran, 1-5% of gypsum and 1% of an anti-oxidant.

2. The oyster mushroom compost of claim 1, wherein the bran comprises a large piece of bran.

3. A method for preparing an oyster mushroom compost according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by comprising the steps of:

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the fermentation time is 24 to 48 hours.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pomegranate pomace particles have a particle size of 2 to 5mm.

6. Use of the oyster mushroom compost according to claim 1 or 2 or the oyster mushroom compost prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 3 to 5 in oyster mushroom cultivation.

7. Use according to claim 6, wherein the oyster mushroom comprises live oyster mushroom.

8. A cultivation method of oyster mushroom is characterized by comprising the following steps:

inoculating oyster mushroom strains into an edible mushroom cultivation box filled with an oyster mushroom compost, and carrying out spawn running cultivation until hyphae grow over the edible mushroom cultivation box, wherein the oyster mushroom compost is the oyster mushroom compost of claim 1 or 2;

opening a protective cover of the edible mushroom cultivation box to enable the budded oyster mushrooms to grow in mushroom growing holes of the edible mushroom cultivation box;

the domestic fungus cultivation box includes the basin body, lid and protection casing, the bottom of the basin body is provided with the infiltration hole, the top of the basin body is provided with protruding edge, the protection casing approximately fit protruding edge is last, the lid set up in the basin body, the edge of lid is provided with the mouth of watering, the middle part of lid is provided with out the mushroom hole.

9. The cultivation method according to claim 8, wherein the time of the temperature difference stimulation is 5 to 7 days.

10. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 8 or 9, further comprising supplementing moisture to the oyster mushroom compost after harvesting 2 stubbles of oyster mushrooms.