CN115368191A - Microbial cultivation matrix for conserving soil and soil conservation method - Google Patents
Microbial cultivation matrix for conserving soil and soil conservation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115368191A CN115368191A CN202210919112.1A CN202210919112A CN115368191A CN 115368191 A CN115368191 A CN 115368191A CN 202210919112 A CN202210919112 A CN 202210919112A CN 115368191 A CN115368191 A CN 115368191A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a microorganism culture substrate for conserving soil and a method for conserving soil, wherein a ditch is controlled at an interval of 500-1000mm on a land to be treated, the ditch is 500-600mm deep, an A component layer is paved in the ditch, a soil layer is paved on the A component layer, then a B component is scattered, a layer of soil is paved on the B component, the A component is continuously paved, the operation is alternately carried out, the two uppermost layers are controlled to be the B component layer and the soil layer respectively, the A component is composed of facultative anaerobic bacteria and the substrate, and the B component is a microorganism bacterial manure. The method fully utilizes the winter that the growth speed of crops is slow or the land is idle to nourish the soil, the microzyme and the substrate at the lower layer generate certain heat in anaerobic fermentation to promote the temperature of the soil to rise, the activity of microorganisms in the applied microbial fertilizer is enhanced, the growth and reproduction speed is accelerated, the conserving effect of the soil is enhanced, the microzyme fermentation can generate acid substances such as lactic acid and the like to acidify the soil, the salinization of the soil is improved, and the deep alkali and salt removal is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil conservation, and particularly relates to a microorganism culture substrate for conserving soil and a method for conserving soil.
Background
The granular structure of the soil is an important index of the soil fertility, the damage of the granular structure causes the reduction of the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, the content of organic matters in the soil is low, the contents of effective nutrients such as alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, quick-acting potassium and the like are low, the number of microbial populations in the soil is small, the formation of the granular structure of the soil is influenced, the contents of the organic matters and the microbes in the soil are reduced along with the use of chemical fertilizers, the soil hardening phenomenon is aggravated, and the problem is particularly prominent in saline-alkali areas. The saline-alkali soil is a general term of saline soil, alkaline earth and various salinized and alkalized soils, the problems of soil salinization and secondary salinization become the constraint factors of sustainable development of irrigation agriculture in China and even the world, and the problems of the saline-alkali soil are usually accompanied with the problem of soil hardening.
The existing problem of solving the soil hardening mainly comprises: (1) Organic fertilizer is additionally applied, straw returning is advocated, the content of organic matters in cultivated land is increased, the physical properties of soil can be effectively improved, the permeability and the water retention of the soil are enhanced, and the microbial activity of the soil is improved; (2) Deeply loosening cultivated land (the depth is about 35 cm), breaking a plough bottom layer and improving a plough layer structure, wherein the method is long in time consumption and high in cost, and meanwhile, secondary hardening can occur after the soil is deeply ploughed and treated for a long time; (3) When the microbial fertilizer is applied, the secretion of the biological strain can dissolve phosphate in soil, release phosphorus, and release potassium and trace element cations, so that a granular structure is restored in a bridge form, and soil hardening is eliminated.
In China, crop ripening is from north to south and is one-year-one-ripening, two-ripening or three-ripening in turn, the higher the temperature is, the faster the growth speed of crops is, the lower the heat in winter is, the crops grow slowly, and even the land is idle, and the land can be reasonably utilized by using the season to maintain the soil. The soil temperature has an extremely obvious influence on the activity of microorganisms, the activity of most soil microorganisms is required to be 15-45 ℃, the higher the temperature is, the stronger the activity of the microorganisms is, the activity of the microorganisms is limited beyond the range, so the application time of the microbial fertilizer used for soil improvement is better in spring, summer and autumn, the condition that the microbial fertilizer is used in low temperature periods such as late autumn, winter or early spring, and the condition that the microorganisms are in a dormant state when the temperature is too low, so the improvement effect is influenced, is avoided.
In conclusion, the method for improving the soil by utilizing the microbial fertilizer at the low temperature has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems that the propagation speed of microorganisms is greatly influenced by temperature and the effect of improving soil by microorganisms is poor at low temperature in the prior soil improvement technology, the invention provides a microorganism culture substrate for conserving soil and a method for conserving soil.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a microorganism culture substrate for conserving soil comprises a component A and a component B; the component A consists of facultative anaerobe and a substrate; the component B is a microbial fertilizer.
Further, the facultative anaerobe is saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the matrix comprises 60-80 parts of crop straws, 20-30 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 40-60 parts of corn sugar residues and 5-10 parts of glucose.
Furthermore, the addition amount of the facultative anaerobe is 3-5% of the mass of the matrix.
Further, the microbial fertilizer comprises 5-10 parts of a compound microbial agent, 30-40 parts of crop straws, 20-40 parts of livestock manure, 30-40 parts of corn sugar residues and 8-12 parts of calcium superphosphate.
Further, the composite microbial inoculum comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus and streptomyces according to a mass ratio of 1.
Further, the preparation method of the microbial fertilizer comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the materials, fermenting at the fermentation temperature of 60-70 ℃ for 20-30 days, starting to turn the materials from the beginning of fermentation to the time when the temperature of the fermented materials reaches 60-70 ℃, and repeating for 3-5 times.
The method for curing soil by using the microbial cultivation matrix is characterized in that ditches are controlled on a land to be treated at intervals of 500-1000mm, the depth of the ditches is 500-600mm, an A component layer is laid in the ditches, a soil layer is laid on the A component layer, a B component is scattered, a layer of soil is laid on the B component, the A component is continuously laid, the operations are alternately carried out, and the uppermost two layers are respectively a B component layer and a soil layer.
Further, the component A is added with water until the water content is 30 to 50wt%.
Further, the thickness of the component A layer is 15-20mm; the thickness of the soil layer is 40 to 60mm; the application amount of the component B is controlled to be 80 to 100 kg/mu.
The corn sugar residue is mainly rich in protein, fat, glucose, various vitamins, crude fiber and the like, and is an ideal raw material for feeding livestock and poultry. The corn sugar residue is an accessory product in the corn sugar making process. Contains corn flour 95% and bran sugar 20%, and has retained various nutritional components such as protein except sugar. The energy is 1.7 times of that of the corn.
The saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of saccharomycetes, is facultative anaerobe, and can perform aerobic respiration and propagate in a large amount under the aerobic condition; in the absence of oxygen, yeast can breathe anaerobically, break down organic matter into carbon dioxide and alcohol, and generate energy. In winter, the temperature of 500-600mm underground, north China and east China is generally above 0 ℃, saccharomycetes can be properly fermented by using a substrate, the temperature of local soil is raised by 10-20 ℃ due to energy generated in the fermentation process, the microbial activity in the microbial fertilizer is enhanced under the temperature condition, the growth and reproduction speed is accelerated, the saccharomycetes and the component A containing the substrate are paved in a layered mode, the temperature of the soil is gradually increased from bottom to top, the life activity of the microbial fertilizer is ensured, substances for promoting the granular structure of the soil can be secreted in the process of the life activity of the composite microbial fertilizer, the granular structure of the soil is promoted, the water and fertilizer retaining capacity of the soil is enhanced, the absorption and utilization of some nutrients in the soil can be promoted, particularly some nutrients which are difficult to absorb originally can be converted into absorbable nutrients, and the organic matter content in the soil is increased due to the addition of crop straws, poultry excrement, corn sugar residues and the like. On the other hand, the yeast fermentation produces a small amount of acidic substances such as lactic acid or acetic acid, and the like, so that the soil is acidified, and the salinization of the soil is improved.
Advantageous effects
The method fully utilizes the winter that the growth speed of crops is slow or the land is idle to nourish the soil, the component A consisting of the saccharomycetes and the matrix on the lower layer is subjected to anaerobic fermentation to generate certain heat to promote the temperature of the soil to rise, the activity of microorganisms in the applied microbial fertilizer (component B) is enhanced, the growth and propagation speed is accelerated, the conserving effect of the soil is enhanced, and the saccharomycetes fermentation can generate acidic substances such as lactic acid and the like to acidify the soil, improve the salinization of the soil and realize deep alkali and salt removal, thereby further improving the soil.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
The parts in the following examples are parts by weight.
The Streptomyces used in the examples of the present invention was commercially available BNCC335894.
Example 1
A microorganism culture substrate for conserving soil comprises a component A and a component B;
the component A comprises: uniformly mixing 70 parts of crop straws, 30 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 50 parts of corn sugar residues, 8 parts of glucose and 8 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiae, and controlling the water content to be 40%:
and B component: mixing 40 parts of crop straws, 30 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 30 parts of corn sugar residues and 10 parts of calcium superphosphate, adding water to adjust the water content to 45%, adding 6 parts of composite microbial inoculum, uniformly mixing, stacking in the open air to form a strip pile, wherein the width of the bottom of the strip pile is 2 meters, the width of the top of the strip pile is 1 meter, the height of the strip pile is 0.8 meter, and when the temperature of 30 centimeters in the pile reaches 65 ℃, turning is carried out every 3 days, and the turning is repeated for 5 times to obtain a thoroughly decomposed microbial fertilizer, namely a component B;
the composite microbial agent comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus and streptomyces according to a mass ratio of 1;
the crop straw in this embodiment is rice straw.
Example 2
In a coastal saline-alkali soil rice planting area in the north, because the coastal saline-alkali soil is extremely barren, in order to pursue high yield, a means of adding chemical fertilizers and pesticides is mainly adopted. Excessive application of chemical fertilizer not only causes the quality reduction of rice, but also causes a series of soil degradation and ecological deterioration problems such as soil hardening and salinization, organic matter reduction, microorganism shortage, fertility reduction and the like, the water storage capacity is reduced, the porosity is low, the water permeability and the air permeability are poor, the alkali leaching and washing capacity is reduced, the salinization degree of soil is increased year by year, the root system of rice is difficult to stretch, and the yield is reduced year by year.
The rice planted in the area is generally grown in about 4 months, and harvested in 9 to 10 months per year. Irrigation is carried out before each seedling raising and transplanting, salt is removed, but the treatment effect is not ideal along with the prolonging of time, and the yield of the rice tends to decline year by year.
The saline-alkali soil is maintained by using the microbial cultivation medium for soil conservation in example 1.
(1) After the rice is harvested, partial straws on the rice are cleaned, ploughing is carried out, ditches are controlled at intervals of 800mm, and the depth of the ditches is 600mm;
(2) Controlling the water content of the component A in the example 1 to be 40%, and decomposing the microbial fertilizer of the component B for later use;
(3) And (2) paving an A component layer with the thickness of 15mm in the ditch dug in the step (1), backfilling a 55mm soil layer on the A component layer, then uniformly scattering a layer of B component, backfilling a 50mm soil layer on the B component, continuously paving the A component layer with the thickness of 15mm, alternately performing the above operations, controlling the uppermost two layers to be the B component layer and the soil layer respectively, and controlling the total application amount of the B component to be 100 kg/mu.
Comparative example 1
Another saline-alkali land with the same area as that of the saline-alkali land in the embodiment 2 and the adjacent soil components is selected as a control group, the microbial fertilizer is applied to the surface soil of 50mm after ploughing, and the total application amount is the same as that of the saline-alkali land in the embodiment 1.
Analyzing the soil improvement effect:
(1) The pH and total salt content of the treated and untreated soils of example 1 and comparative example 1 were measured at various depths, and the results are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, by adopting the soil maintenance method, not only can deep soil be maintained and the secondary harm of reverse salt be reduced, but also the maintenance effect is better, the reduction effect of the pH and the total salt content is more obvious, mainly because the temperature of the soil is increased after the fermentation of the lower substrate of the microbial fertilizer, the propagation and growth speed of the compound microbial inoculum is accelerated after the temperature of the soil is increased, and the salt reduction effect is obvious.
(2) Collecting soil at a position of 20cm, mixing and detecting the total porosity, the average grain diameter and the water holding capacity of the treated soil, wherein the detection results are shown in the following table 2:
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, the soil conservation treatment method of the invention obviously improves the indoor performance index of the soil and relieves the soil hardening condition. In addition, because a large amount of the A component matrix is added during the soil maintenance treatment, the organic matter content of the soil is greatly improved.
(3) After the soil maintenance treatment, the rice planting is not affected, the rice yield (same rice management) is calculated, and the results are shown in the following table 3:
TABLE 3
Claims (9)
1. A microorganism culture substrate for conserving soil is characterized by comprising a component A and a component B; the component A consists of facultative anaerobes and a substrate; the component B is a microbial fertilizer.
2. The soil-conserving microorganism culture substrate according to claim 1, wherein the facultative anaerobe is saccharomyces cerevisiae, and the substrate comprises 60 to 80 parts of crop straws, 20 to 30 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 40 to 60 parts of corn sugar residues and 5 to 10 parts of glucose.
3. The soil-conserving microorganism culture substrate according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the facultative anaerobes added is 3 to 5% of the mass of the substrate.
4. The culture medium for microorganisms in the soil for shelter of claim 1, wherein the microbial fertilizer comprises 5 to 10 parts of composite microbial inoculum, 30 to 40 parts of crop straw, 20 to 40 parts of animal manure, 30 to 40 parts of corn sugar residue and 8 to 12 parts of calcium superphosphate.
5. The soil conservation microorganism culture substrate according to claim 1, wherein the composite microbial inoculum comprises bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus mucilaginosus and streptomyces in a mass ratio of 1.
6. The soil-conserving microorganism culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the microorganism bacterial manure comprises the steps of mixing the materials uniformly, fermenting at 60-70 ℃ for 20-30 days, starting to turn over from the beginning of fermentation to the time when the temperature of the fermentation material reaches 60-70 ℃, and repeating for 3-5 times.
7. A method for conserving soil by using the microbial cultivation matrix of any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized in that furrows are controlled at intervals of 500-1000mm on a land to be treated, the depth of the furrows is 500-600mm, an A component layer is paved in the furrows, a soil layer is paved on the A component layer, then a layer of B component is scattered, a layer of soil is paved on the B component, the A component is continuously paved, and the steps are alternately carried out to control the uppermost two layers to be the B component layer and the soil layer respectively.
8. The method for curing soil according to claim 7, wherein the component A is added with water to a water content of 30 to 50wt%.
9. A method for conserving soil according to claim 7, wherein the thickness of the layer of the component A is 15 to 20mm; the thickness of the soil layer is 40 to 60mm; the application amount of the component B is controlled to be 80 to 100 kg/mu.
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2012133609A (en) * | 2012-08-06 | 2014-02-20 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Оренбургский государственный аграрный университет" | METHOD FOR SOLE RELIEF PROCESSING |
| CN105165168A (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2015-12-23 | 上海懿源环保科技有限公司 | Method for improving saline alkali soil by adopting bio-organic fertilizer |
| CN108184356A (en) * | 2018-01-06 | 2018-06-22 | 江苏恒绿建设工程有限公司 | A kind of modification method of alkaline land soil |
| CN109005725A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2018-12-18 | 成都惠森生物技术有限公司 | Utilize the method and crop planting method of straw-returning improvement soil |
| CN114271062A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-05 | 河北工程大学 | Layered saline-alkali soil improvement microbial inoculum and layered application method and device thereof |
-
2022
- 2022-08-02 CN CN202210919112.1A patent/CN115368191A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2012133609A (en) * | 2012-08-06 | 2014-02-20 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Оренбургский государственный аграрный университет" | METHOD FOR SOLE RELIEF PROCESSING |
| CN105165168A (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2015-12-23 | 上海懿源环保科技有限公司 | Method for improving saline alkali soil by adopting bio-organic fertilizer |
| CN108184356A (en) * | 2018-01-06 | 2018-06-22 | 江苏恒绿建设工程有限公司 | A kind of modification method of alkaline land soil |
| CN109005725A (en) * | 2018-08-10 | 2018-12-18 | 成都惠森生物技术有限公司 | Utilize the method and crop planting method of straw-returning improvement soil |
| CN114271062A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-05 | 河北工程大学 | Layered saline-alkali soil improvement microbial inoculum and layered application method and device thereof |
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