CN115336583B

CN115336583B - Application of ammonium acetate as fruit tree tip killing agent

Info

Publication number: CN115336583B
Application number: CN202211068441.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 焦云; 房聪玲; 柴春燕; 高中山; 汪国云; 屠挺; 周超超
Original assignee: Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2022-09-02
Filing date: 2022-09-02
Publication date: 2023-09-29
Anticipated expiration: 2042-09-02
Also published as: CN115336583A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and discloses application of ammonium acetate as a fruit tree tip killing agent. The ammonium acetate can effectively inhibit the growth of young shoots, is convenient for relieving the fruit shoot contradiction of fruit trees and eases the fruiting phenomenon of years. The novel tip killing agent disclosed by the invention is suitable for the modern, cost-saving and synergistic agricultural development requirements, reduces labor investment and is convenient for reducing production cost. The nuisance-free tip-killing agent has reasonable formula, the main component is a nontoxic and harmless food additive, and the nuisance-free tip-killing agent is green, pollution-free, simple and convenient to operate, strong in practicability, safe and efficient.

Description

Application of ammonium acetate as fruit tree tip killing agent

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and discloses application of ammonium acetate as a fruit tree tip killing agent.

Background

The tip control is a key technology in the cultivation and management process of fruit trees, and because of overgrowth of new tips of the fruit tree parts, nutrition accumulated by the tree bodies is consumed, the problems of difficult flower formation, no fruiting, a large number of falling fruits and the like of the fruit trees are easily caused, and the tip control means is needed to adjust the nutrition diversion of the tips, so that flowers and fruits can obtain more nutrients, and the purposes of flower and fruit conservation and yield increase and harvest improvement are achieved. In the early stage, common tip control means in fruit tree cultivation management comprise artificial bud picking, girdling, root breaking and the like, and chemical tip removal gradually replaces artificial tip control along with the annual increase of the cost of artificial labor. Compared with manual tip control, the device has the characteristics of labor saving, time saving, low cost, high speed and suitability for large-area intensive production. Wherein, partial farmers use paclobutrazol on fruit trees to control the vigorous growth of young shoots, but a series of side effects are brought along with the paclobutrazol, such as frequent occurrence of yellowing phenomenon of the fruit trees, unbalanced flower bud differentiation, occurrence of the phenomena of the young and the old, no growth of fruits, premature senility of tree vigor and the like; moreover, the sensitivity of different fruit tree varieties is different, and various fruit trees and crop phytotoxicity events are layered endlessly, so that the economic income of fruit farmers is seriously influenced. In addition, most of the current tip killers contain the components of biocidal herbicide such as fluoroglycofen, diphenyl azide phosphate and the like, and hormone components such as maleic hydrazide, ethephon and the like, and have certain toxicity and environmental hazard risks. With the increasing living standard of people, the requirement on food safety is also higher, and the use risk and residual problems of various pesticides on fruit trees have attracted important attention of consumers. In view of this, chemical tip killers that are low in development cost, time-saving and labor-saving, nontoxic and harmless to humans and animals, and pollution-free to the environment are one of the currently important research subjects. In a word, the novel fruit tree tip killing agent which is safe, quick-acting and has profound significance for the agricultural development which is suitable for modernization, cost saving and synergy is developed. The invention surrounds the aim, and the nuisance-free tip killing agent is prepared based on nontoxic and harmless components, and has obvious effect of inhibiting the growth of new tips of fruit trees.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide application of ammonium acetate as a fruit tree top killing agent.

The ammonium acetate is used at a concentration of 1-6% wt, namely 1-6g ammonium acetate is contained in every 100ml of the tip-killing agent, and the solvent is water.

When the fruit tree seed pesticide is applied, fruit tree plants which enter the young shoot growing initial stage and have normal growth and development of the leaves are selected, the fruit tree seed pesticide is uniformly sprayed on the leaf surfaces of all the young shoots for one time, and the fruit tree seed pesticide is sprayed until the young shoot leaves start to drip.

A surfactant, such as an agricultural organic silicon synergist, can also be added into the fruit tree tip killing agent. For plants with revolutionary surfaces of the leaves such as waxberries, the sprayed tip-killing agent is not easy to wall, the tip-killing effect is affected, and after the surfactant is added, the tip-killing agent is beneficial to stay on the surfaces of the leaves, so that a better tip-killing effect is achieved.

Notice that:

1) The fruit tree tip killing agent is more suitable for the middle-position fruit tree plants and is used under the condition that the leaves grow healthily. In addition, the concentration of ammonium acetate which is a main component of the tip killing agent is adjusted timely aiming at plants with different tree vigor, if the tree vigor is strong, the use concentration is properly increased, and if the tree vigor is weak, the use concentration is correspondingly reduced; can be applied on a large scale after a concentration gradient test in a small range is carried out before use.

2) The spraying environment of the fruit tree tip killing agent is important, and the fruit tree tip killing agent is suitable for continuous multi-sunlight sufficient and windless weather.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the main component of the tip-killing agent of the invention only comprises ammonium acetate used as a food additive, and is mainly used for food such as meat and the like to achieve the anti-corrosion effect at present, and has the oxidation effect on broad-spectrum bacteria, namely the sterilization effect. Meanwhile, the tip killing agent takes water as a solvent, the materials are simple and convenient, the main components are easy to decompose into gas and acetic acid, the tip killing agent does not contain any other herbicide components or artificial synthetic hormone, is green and environment-friendly and pollution-free, and can not cause pressure on the ecological environment of an orchard. In addition, ammonium acetate is a strong electrolyte inorganic salt, and the aqueous solution is neutral in acid-base. Wherein, the acetic acid can promote the synthesis of the plant hormone jasmonic acid, thereby improving the stress resistance of the plants; and ammonium ions belong to foliar fertilizers, so that the photosynthesis capability of plant leaves can be effectively improved under the condition of specific concentration, and the ammonium ions and the foliar fertilizers complement each other, so that the foliar fertilizers are safe and efficient and have no side effect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the effect of a fruit tree tip-killing agent (2% ammonium acetate) on the young shoots of the early plum variety of Myrica rubra (5 d) (A, young shoots without tip-killing agent applied; B, young shoots with tip-killing agent applied).

FIG. 2 shows the effect of fruit tree top killing agent (2% ammonium acetate) on new top of peach 'black nectarine' variety plant (5 d) (test on different branch group of same plant).

Detailed Description

The present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples. It is to be understood that the practice of the invention is not limited to the following examples and that any form of modification and/or variation in the concentration of the tip-killing component, etc. of the present invention will fall within the scope of the invention.

Example 1

The fruit tree tip killing agent formula and the application method thereof comprise the following steps:

(1) Suitable agent spraying time:

3 plants of 8-year-old dwarf grafted seedlings of the waxberry 'early plum' variety which are free of plant diseases and insect pests, healthy to grow and moderate in tree vigor are selected, 15 young shoots with the same size are selected from each plant in the young shoot growing period (not mature lignification), namely, in 2022, 8 months and 23 days, and are respectively and uniformly sprayed with different tip killing agent formulas until the young shoot leaves are suitable for a small amount of liquid drops. Wherein each treatment is divided into three replicates, one for each plant;

(2) The preparation method and the treatment mode of the fruit tree tip killing agent are as follows:

treatment a: 2% of calcium acetate solution by mass fraction, water as solvent, wherein 1.0ml of agricultural organosilicon surface active additive is added for preparation and use;

treatment B: 2% ammonium acetate solution by mass fraction, water as solvent, wherein 1.0ml of agricultural organosilicon surface active additive is added for preparation and use;

treatment C: 1 mass percent of ammonium acetate solution, water as solvent, wherein 1.0ml of agricultural organosilicon surface active additive is added for preparation and use;

treatment D: the mass fraction of the ammonium acetate solution is 6%, water is taken as a solvent, and 1.0ml of agricultural organic silicon surface active agent is added for preparation and use;

control treatment: 1.0L of clear water, wherein 1.0ml of agricultural organosilicon surface active additive is added for preparation and use;

(3) Tip killing effect investigation and analysis:

the results of the comparative analysis of the shoot removal effect of the shoot removal agent, which was examined and statistically analyzed 5d after spraying the shoot removal agent, are shown in table 1. From this, the treatment B has a better tip killing effect (fig. 1), and the tip killing effect is significantly improved with the increase of the ammonium acetate concentration, wherein the tip killing rate of treatment D reaches 93.3%.

TABLE 1 Effect of different tip-killing formulations on growth of New shoots of Myrica rubra variety early plum

Example 2

(1) Suitable agent spraying time:

selecting 3 plants of 5-year-old grafted seedlings of a peach variety which is healthy in growth and middle in tree vigor and has no plant diseases and insect pests, selecting 5 young shoots with consistent sizes from each plant in the young shoot growth period (not mature lignification), namely, 8 months and 26 days in 2022, respectively carrying out uniform spraying treatment on different young shoot killing agent formulas until young shoot leaves are suitable for a small amount of liquid drops. Wherein each treatment is divided into three replicates, one for each plant;

(3) Tip killing effect investigation and analysis:

the results of the comparative analysis of the shoot removal effect of the shoot removal agent, which was examined and statistically analyzed 5d after spraying the shoot removal agent, are shown in table 2. It can be seen that the treatment B tip remover formulation has the best tip-killing effect (fig. 2).

TABLE 2 Effect of different tip killer formulas on the growth of New tips of peach variety' Hei nectarine

Claims

1. Use of ammonium acetate as a fruit tree tip killer, said ammonium acetate being used at a concentration of 1-6% wt.

2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that: selecting a fruit tree plant which enters the young shoot growing initial stage and has normal growth and development of the leaf blade, uniformly spraying the fruit tree tip killing agent once on the leaf surface of the whole plant young shoot, and spraying until the young shoot leaf begins to drip.

3. The use according to any one of claims 1-2, characterized in that: the fruit tree tip killing agent also comprises a surfactant.

4. A use according to claim 3, characterized in that: the surfactant is an agricultural organic silicon synergist.