CN115226562A

CN115226562A - Application of Livicao in postharvest leaf protection of fruit trees and post-harvest management method of grapes in forcing culture mode

Info

Publication number: CN115226562A
Application number: CN202210864982.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐继根; 张顺昌; 吴昊; 胡丽鹏; 符成悦; 任齐松; 徐梦晨; 叶小华
Original assignee: Zhejiang Taizhou Agricultural Materials Co ltd
Current assignee: Zhejiang Taizhou Agricultural Materials Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-07-21
Filing date: 2022-07-21
Publication date: 2022-10-25

Abstract

The invention provides an application of Liweidao in postharvest leaf protection of fruit trees and a post-harvest management method of grapes in a forcing culture mode, and relates to the technical field of agriculture. The inventor researches and discovers that the spraying of the Livicao after the fruit trees are picked can effectively prevent and control the invasion of downy mildew and improve the storage of nutrients of branches and trunks of the fruit trees, so that the application of the Livicao to the leaf preservation of the picked fruit trees is beneficial to improving the yield of the fruit trees in the next year. The management method for the postharvest grapes in the forcing culture mode is simple and convenient, can effectively reduce the downy mildew incidence degree of fruit trees, protects the leaves, prolongs the service life of the leaves, accumulates more nutrients for the trees, accumulates more nutrients for the flower bud differentiation of the next year, reduces the incidence of diseases, improves the germination rate and improves the uniformity of young shoots. And the plant growth regulator is beautiful, safe and nontoxic, is compatible with biological control, is beneficial to ecological balance and accords with the sustainable idea of modern agriculture.

Description

Application of Liweidao in postharvest leaf protection of fruit trees and post-harvest management method of grapes in forcing culture mode

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to an application of Liweidao in postharvest leaf protection of fruit trees and a post-harvest management method of grapes in a forcing culture mode.

Background

There are 3 types of facility cultivation of grapes, which are respectively: forcing culture, delaying culture and rain sheltering culture. The grape forcing culture mode adopted in the Taizhou region is that the ecological environment of the grapes is improved through technologies such as greenhouse grape double-film covering early-stage accelerating culture, early-stage heating and freezing prevention and the like, and typhoon disasters and early-spring low-temperature hazards are successfully avoided.

During the period from the harvest of the grapes to the stage before the leaves fall, the photosynthesis of the leaves can have the 2 nd peak (from the 1 st peak to the growth period of the leaves half a month after germination), and the photosynthesis can be rapidly reduced until the leaves fall. Therefore, attention must be paid to this critical period after harvest to enhance management, protect leaves, and increase storage of photosynthetic products. If the management of later-stage trees is neglected, the leaves are damaged too early, the photosynthesis is reduced, and the stored nutrients of the trees are deficient, so that the nutrients are deficient in early spring in the next year, the germination is late and irregular, even inflorescences are degenerated, the flowering and fruiting are reduced, the bearing is poor or not, the branch and the leaf are overgrown in the second year, the flower bud differentiation is poor, and the bearing in the 3 rd year is influenced. Can also obviously influence the frost resistance and stress resistance of the grapes.

Grapes grown in Taizhou areas are harvested and subjected to forced cultivation for a period of 5-7 months from the leaf fall stage, and nutrients generated by photosynthesis of leaves are stored in stem vines and root systems, which are sources of nutrients required for germination and flowering of grapes in the next year before leaf expansion. The postharvest management technology determines the storage nutrition level of the grapes, so that the strength of new shoots growing in next spring and the degree of flower bud differentiation are determined, and the yield is finally influenced.

In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.

Disclosure of Invention

The first objective of the present invention is to provide an application of livingdao in postharvest leaf protection of fruit trees to solve at least one of the above problems.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for managing harvested grapes in a forced cultivation mode, which solves at least one of the above problems.

In a first aspect, the invention provides an application of Liweidao in postharvest leaf retention of fruit trees.

As a further technical solution, the fruit trees comprise grapes;

preferably, said protecting leaves comprises at least one of controlling downy mildew and improving nutrient storage of fruit trees.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a post-harvest management method for grapes in a forcing culture mode, comprising: spraying a medicament after picking;

the medicament comprises lividone.

As a further technical scheme, the dilution multiple of lividone in the medicament is 750-850 times, and preferably 800 times.

As a further technical scheme, the medicament is sprayed for 3-5 times;

preferably, the first spraying of the agent is carried out from the postharvest of the grapes to the film uncovering;

preferably, the time interval of spraying the medicament is 15-20 days;

preferably, the medicament is applied at a rate of 50-100 kg/acre per application.

As a further technical scheme, the medicament also comprises a dimethomorph water dispersing agent;

preferably, the dimethomorph water dispersing agent is 80% dimethomorph water dispersible granules;

preferably, the dilution ratio of the 80% dimethomorph water dispersible granule is 1400-1600 times, and is preferably 1500 times.

As a further technical scheme, the method also comprises the step of applying livicock after picking;

preferably, the application amount of the Livicock is 2-3 kg/plant, preferably 2.5 kg/plant;

preferably, the livicock is applied after the grapes are harvested and before the old leaves of the grapes are yellowed and fallen.

As a further technical scheme, the method also comprises the steps of clearing the garden in winter;

the winter garden cleaning comprises: after pruning in winter, spraying green glume and borrelid; the pompon is sprayed with luogong, borege and liviger in the middle and later stages.

As a further technical scheme, the dilution multiple of the glume is 180-220 times, and preferably 200 times;

preferably, the dilution factor of the borreliger is 750-850 times, preferably 800 times;

preferably, the dilution factor of livigberg is 450-550, preferably 500.

As a further technical scheme, in the winter garden cleaning process, the range of spraying twice comprises the whole fruit tree and the radius of 1 meter around the main root of the fruit tree;

preferably, in the winter garden cleaning process, the application amount of the two-time spraying is 30-50 kg/mu independently.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the postharvest leaves of the fruit tree are protected, the service life of the leaves is prolonged, more nutrients can be accumulated for the tree body, more nutrients can be provided for flower bud differentiation in the next year, and the disease base number is reduced. The inventor researches and discovers that the spraying of the Livicao after the fruit trees are picked can effectively prevent and control the invasion of downy mildew and improve the storage of nutrients of branches and trunks of the fruit trees, so that the application of the Livicao to the leaf preservation of the picked fruit trees is beneficial to improving the yield of the fruit trees in the next year.

The method for managing the postharvest grapes in the forcing culture mode is simple and convenient, can effectively reduce the downy mildew degree of fruit trees, protect the leaves, prolong the service life of the leaves, accumulate more nutrients for the trees, accumulate more nutrients for the flower bud differentiation in the next year, reduce the disease base, improve the germination rate and improve the uniformity of young shoots. And the plant growth regulator is beautiful, safe and nontoxic, is compatible with biological control, is beneficial to ecological balance and accords with the sustainable idea of modern agriculture.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a graph of a farmer treated grape of the conventional type and a grape treated with Livicao according to example 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an observation of the test treatment group provided in example 3 of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an observation of a conventional treatment group of farmers provided in example 3 of this invention;

FIG. 4 is a comparison of the nutrients in the cross section of the grape branches of the experimental treatment and the conventional treatment provided in example 3;

FIG. 5 is the front and back results of the damaged leaves after five shots of Kovar spray as provided in example 3.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to embodiments and examples, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following embodiments and examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Those who do not specify the specific conditions are performed according to the conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.

In a first aspect, the invention provides an application of Liweidao in postharvest leaf retention of fruit trees. Wherein the fruit tree comprises grape; the leaf protection comprises the prevention and control of downy mildew and the improvement of nutrient storage of fruit trees.

The livingdao is polypeptide copper, and is a liquid fertilizer prepared by chelating plant stimulating peptides with copper sulfate. The composition comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

copper sulfate: 22.61% (water-soluble copper (copper ions): 9%);

organic nitrogen: 3 percent;

plant amino acids and peptides: 45g/L;

water: and (4) the balance.

The livingda has internal absorption bidirectional conductivity, and provides energy and plant protein for crops while rapidly supplementing copper elements, thereby enhancing the capability of plants to resist biotic and abiotic stresses. The product is characterized in that:

(1) The European Union is organically authenticated and is suitable for organic planting;

(2) The resistance of the plants to harmful microorganisms is effectively improved;

(3) The conduction speed is high, and the absorption utilization rate is high;

(4) The plant protection agent plays a role in long-term protection in plants.

The inventor researches and discovers that the spraying of the Livicao after the fruit trees are picked can effectively prevent and control the invasion of downy mildew and improve the storage of nutrients of branches and trunks of the fruit trees, so that the application of the Livicao to the leaf preservation of the picked fruit trees is beneficial to improving the yield of the fruit trees in the next year.

the medicament comprises lividone.

The management method for the postharvest grapes in the forcing culture mode is simple and convenient, can effectively reduce the downy mildew incidence degree of fruit trees, protects the leaves, prolongs the service life of the leaves, accumulates more nutrients for the trees, accumulates more nutrients for flower bud differentiation in the next year, reduces the incidence of disease, improves the germination rate and improves the young sprout uniformity.

In some preferred embodiments, the dilution of livingdao in the medicament may be, for example, but not limited to, 750-fold, 770-fold, 790-fold, 810-fold, 830-fold, or 850-fold, preferably 800-fold.

In some preferred embodiments, the number of times the agent is sprayed may be, for example, 3, 4, or 5 times;

preferably, the time interval for spraying the agent may be, for example, but not limited to, 15 days, 16 days, 17 days, 18 days, 19 days, or 20 days;

preferably, each application rate of the medicament may be, for example, but not limited to, 50 kg/acre, 60 kg/acre, 70 kg/acre, 80 kg/acre, 90 kg/acre, or 100 kg/acre.

The spraying mode of the invention is an electric sprayer or a plant protection machine used by other farmers, the application amount is different according to the using habits of the farmers and the used spraying machines, the application amount is generally recommended to be 50-100 kg/mu, uniform spraying is carried out, and the front and back surfaces of the grape leaves, the branches and trunks of the lateral branches and the trunk are sprayed in place. Preferably, the grape is sprayed for the 1 st time after the grape is picked and before the grape is uncovered, every 1 time is sprayed at intervals of 15-20 days, and the grapes are continuously sprayed for 3-5 times. If the weather is typhoon, strong wind, heavy rainfall and the like, the spraying times can be properly increased for 2-3 times, and the spraying is recommended to be respectively carried out for 1 time before and after the disaster comes.

In some preferred embodiments, the medicament further comprises a dimethomorph water dispersion agent, preferably an 80% dimethomorph water dispersible granule. The inventor researches and discovers that the dimethomorph water dispersant and the lividone are used in a matching way, and the dimethomorph water dispersant and the lividone have better control effect on downy mildew than the dimethomorph water dispersant and the lividone are used independently.

The dilution ratio of the 80% dimethomorph water dispersible granule can be, but is not limited to 1400 times, 1450 times, 1500 times, 1550 times or 1600 times, and is preferably 1500 times.

By further optimizing and adjusting the dilution times of the morpholine water dispersible granules, the control effect on downy mildew after the pesticide is sprayed is better.

In some preferred embodiments, further comprising post-harvest application of livicock.

The Livicock is a refined compound microbial fertilizer, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

organic nitrogen: 4 percent;

total phosphorus: 4 percent;

water-soluble potassium oxide: 4 percent;

organic matter: 70 percent;

bioavailable organic carbon: 41 percent;

moisture content: 12 percent;

magnesium: 0.5 percent;

calcium: 1 percent;

humic acid: 5 percent;

fulvic acid: 12 percent;

carbon-nitrogen ratio: 10.

the livicoke contains a large amount of humic acid, organic active substances and beneficial microorganisms, can effectively improve the soil granular structure, increase the soil permeability, enhance the microbial activity and increase the proliferation of beneficial microbial colonies. Meanwhile, the refined compound microbial fertilizer (the trade name is livicoke) can ensure that the soil has strong water and fertilizer retention, avoid the loss of the most precious nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, medium and trace elements and other beneficial substances of crops, and avoid soil solidification and hardening, thereby greatly improving the absorption utilization rate of the fertilizer in the soil. The product is characterized in that:

(1) The absorption and utilization rate of the crops to organic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is increased and balanced, and the effective period is longer;

(2) The contained organic matters have high activity, so that the utilization rate can be improved, the quality of crops can be improved, and the yield of the crops can be increased;

(3) Increase the organic matter and beneficial microbial activity in the soil, improve the soil structure;

(4) The bacillus licheniformis, the polymyxa citrus, the bacillus pumilus and the lactococcus lactis are rich, and the effective viable count is more than or equal to 2 x 107UFC/g;

(5) Improve the water retention of soil, reduce water and soil loss and enhance the drought resistance of crops.

Preferably, the amount of the rivacol to be applied may be, but not limited to, 2 kg/strain, 2.2 kg/strain, 2.4 kg/strain, 2.6 kg/strain, 2.8 kg/strain or 3 kg/strain, preferably 2.5 kg/strain, for example.

In the invention, the time of fertilization after grape harvest is recommended to be from harvest to old leaf yellowing and leaf falling of grapes, the fertilization mode mainly adopts the conventional fertilization methods of farmers such as broadcasting, furrow application, hole application and the like, and after the fertilization, a proper amount of water is poured according to the water content of soil of different plots.

In some preferred embodiments, further comprising winter gardening, comprising: after pruning in winter, spraying green glume and borrelid; the pompon is sprayed with luogong, borege and liviger in the middle and later stages.

In the invention, the green essence is 99% of mineral oil, and the components of the green essence comprise the following components in percentage by mass:

saturated alkane colorless mineral oil: 99 percent;

biodegradable emulsifiers: 1 percent.

Glume is an emulsified contact type insecticide/fungicide made from specially refined, food grade saturated mineral oil for controlling pests and diseases. 99% mineral oil (trade name Luoyangying) contains 99% active ingredient and 1% additive. The effective component of the food-grade colorless mineral oil is in accordance with the standards set by the food industry in direct contact with the food and drug administration in the United states.

The product has no safety interval limit and can be used on the day of harvest. The product is characterized in that:

(1) High efficiency and low cost;

(2) It is nontoxic to human and environment;

(3) Is safe for most crops;

(4) No safety interval limit;

(5) No-test residue (U.S. environmental protection agency standard EPA 40CFR 180.1001);

(6) The biological control agent is safe to natural enemies, is compatible with biological control, and is beneficial to ecological balance;

(7) The drug resistance is not discovered, and the drug can be continuously applied for a long time;

(8) The application on comprehensive pest and disease control is recommended;

(9) Can be recommended to be used in organic agriculture and green food production.

The Bordetella is a 30% copper oxychloride suspending agent, and comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

copper oxychloride: 30 percent;

water: and (4) the balance.

The Bordetella mainly contains ternary basic copper oxychloride, so that the bactericidal composition is more thorough in sterilization, and very safe and efficient. The product is characterized in that:

(1) The raw materials are imported from America, so that the safety is good;

(2) The acid and the alkali are neutral, and the mixing property is good;

(3) Better adsorption and dispersion, and is not easy to be washed away by rainwater;

(4) The ternary copper preparation has excellent effect on bacteria and fungi.

The remarks are as follows: can not be mixed with sulfur preparations such as lime sulfur mixture; the composition is used with caution in rainy and rainy days at high temperature; sensitive crops (such as peach, plum, apricot, soybean, etc.) should be used with caution.

The liviger is plant source amino acid and comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

organic nitrogen: 5 percent;

organic carbon: 19 percent;

plant stimulating peptides: 31 percent;

specific gravity (solute concentration): 1.21Kg/L.

Liviger is a pure plant source enzymatic hydrolysis biostimulating peptide, has high peptide content, stable structure and difficult decomposition, can be quickly absorbed by plants and quickly move in vivo, can play a special role in improving photosynthesis efficiency, improving nutrition absorption and assimilation, regulating plant hormone, enhancing crop stress resistance and the like, plays a positive role in the growth and development of plants, and enhances the resistance of the plants to abiotic stress. The product is characterized in that:

(1) Unique LISIVEG enzymatic hydrolysis process;

(2) The pure plant source biological stimulating peptide has homology, easy absorption and quick response;

(3) The safety is high, and the whole life cycle of crops can be used;

(4) The plant growth regulator is rich in various functional peptides, vitamins and the like, provides energy, promotes metabolism of plant cells, and regulates secretion of plant endogenous hormones;

(5) Obtaining American OMRI organic authentication, american CDFA organic authentication and European Union Ecocoert organic authentication.

In some preferred embodiments, the dilution of the glumae may be, for example, but not limited to, 180-fold, 190-fold, 200-fold, 210-fold, or 220-fold, preferably 200-fold;

preferably, the dilution factor of the borrelid may be, for example, but not limited to, 750 times, 770 times, 790 times, 810 times, 830 times or 850 times, preferably 800 times;

preferably, the dilution factor of the livigator may be, for example, but not limited to, 450 times, 470 times, 490 times, 510 times, 530 times or 550 times, preferably 500 times.

The protection of the grapes against harmful bacteria is improved by further optimizing and adjusting the dilution times of the pesticide spraying agent for garden cleaning in winter.

In some preferred embodiments, during winter orchard clearing, the two sprays are within a radius of 1 meter around the whole fruit tree and the main root of the fruit tree, and are preferably applied to the branches to drip, and the application amount of each spray can be, but is not limited to, 30 kg/mu, 35 kg/mu, 40 kg/mu, 45 kg/mu or 50 kg/mu.

The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples and comparative examples, but it should be understood that these examples are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way.

In the following examples, the grading method of grape downy mildew is: according to the national Standard of the republic of China (GB/T17980.122-2004) pesticide field efficacy test guidelines (II) part 122: the bactericide for preventing and treating grape downy mildew leaf grading standard comprises the following specific steps:

level 0: no disease spots; level 1: the area of the lesion spots accounts for less than 5% of the whole leaf area; and 3, level: the lesion area accounts for 6 to 25 percent of the whole leaf area; and 5, stage: the lesion area accounts for 26-50% of the whole leaf area; and 7, stage: the lesion area accounts for 51 to 75 percent of the whole leaf area; and 9, stage: the lesion area accounts for more than 76% of the whole leaf area.

The method for calculating the pesticide effect of grape downy mildew comprises the following steps: disease index = [ Σ [ (each diseased leaf number × corresponding grade value) ]/total investigation result number × 9] × 100; control effect/% = [1- (CK 0 x PT 1)/(CK 1 x PT 0) ] x 100. In the formula: PT0 and PT1 are respectively disease indexes before and after drug treatment in the drug treatment area; CK0 and CK1 are disease indexes before and after drug administration (disease base number of investigation before drug administration) in the blank control area respectively; correction control effect/% = [ (CK-PT)/CK ] x 100. In the formula: PT is disease index after drug treatment area is applied; CK is disease index after drug administration in the blank control area (no investigation of disease number before drug administration).

And (3) data analysis: the experimental data adopts a Duncan new re-polar difference method in SPSS16.0 software to carry out variance analysis on the prevention and treatment effect.

Reagent: the three products of polypeptide copper (with the trade name of lividao), the refined compound microbial fertilizer (with the trade name of livikock) and the plant source amino acid (with the trade name of livige) are all produced by the Italy venture company, the venture agricultural technology (Shenzhen) limited company and the agricultural material limited company of Taizhou city, zhejiang province; 99% mineral oil (trade name green glume) was produced by SK korean oil energy limited, and agent sales of tianjin green glume pesticide sales limited; the 30% Royal jelly suspension (trade name Boryjie) was produced by Jiangxi He Yichemical industry Co., ltd, and sold by Agents of agricultural materials Co., ltd, taizhou city, zhejiang province.

Example 1 (post harvest preservation of leaves of grapes; spray livido, prevention of downy mildew)

The field efficacy test of 6 bactericides for preventing and controlling the open-air Kyoho grape downy mildew comprises the following steps:

environmental conditions and test article: the test was conducted in the open grape gallery of Tokyo Dashi river township, taizhou, zhejiang province. The grape variety is Kyoho. The grape is 5 years old, the row spacing is 1m × 3m, and the grape is cultivated in a trellis in the open air, and the grape growth vigor is good in the test. The test field is sandy loam, the pH value is 6.0, and the fertilizer water is sufficient. The planting density is about 150 plants per 667 square meters. The cultivation management level is general. The Kyoho grape downy mildew is in the middle of the onset.

Test materials: 31% oxazolone-fluthiazole suspension (trade name zavic-fold, 28.2% famoxadone +2.8% fluthiazopyracetone) dupont, usa; 30% flumorph suspension (trade name miralo) Shenyang Kechuang Chemicals, inc.; 80% mancozeb wettable powder (trade name Huzhuang) Indian printed Fielder industries, inc.; 80% dimethomorph water dispersible granules (trade name Boshuang) Jiangxi Heyi chemical Co., ltd; potassium phosphite aqua containing free amino acids (livika) italy keng ltd; aqueous polypeptide copper (trade name Lividao) Italy Kington Co.

The experiment was run with 6 treatments in total, identified as follows:

1300 times of 31 percent oxanone-fluthiazole suspending agent;

II, 30% of flumorph suspending agent 600 times;

III, 80 percent mancozeb wettable powder is 600 times and an organic water soluble fertilizer (Livjian) aqua is 750 times;

IV 80% dimethomorph water dispersible granules 1875 times;

v, 750 times of organic water-soluble fertilizer (Lividao) and 750 times of organic water-soluble fertilizer (Livijian) aqua;

VI clear water control.

6 grapes per plot (forcing mode), randomly arranged, repeated 3 times for 18 plots. Spraying 2 times in 21 pm of 5 month and 29 pm of 5 month in 2019, spraying the whole grape plant with 3WBD-16L type knapsack electric sprayer (operating pressure 0.15-0.4 MPa) according to a conventional spraying mode, and uniformly spraying the front and back surfaces of leaves. After each treatment, the sprayer was cleaned to prevent cross contamination.

Weather and other pest occurrence conditions: during the period from 21 days in 5 months to 5 days in 6 months, the temperature is between 17 and 29 ℃, and half of the temperature is rainy. Days 5 months 25, 26, 27, 31, days 6 months 1, 2, 5, little to medium rain, others cloudy to cloudy and sunny. Some anthrax occurred in the later period of the test, and the insect pest was not found temporarily during the test.

Test investigation and statistical methods: the test was conducted 3 times in total, and 3 times of examination were conducted 3d (24 days at 5 months), 7d (29 days at 5 months) after the first application, and 7d (5 days at 6 months and 5 days) after the second application, respectively. Randomly investigating 5 new vines in the current year in each cell, investigating 10 leaves from top to bottom, recording the disease base number of each leaf, calculating disease index and preventing and treating effect.

Test results and analysis:

TABLE 1 controlling Effect of several treatments on the downy mildew of the open-air Kyoho grape

Note: the data results are the average of 3 replicates. The numbers in the same column with different upper and lower case letters represent significant differences in the 0.01 and 0.05 levels, respectively.

The prevention and treatment effect is as follows: from the control effects (table 1) of several treatments on downy mildew of grape in Megasphaera strip, 1300 times of test results of treating I31% of oxanone-fluthiazole suspending agent show that the control effect is 72.84% +/-1.71 3 days after the first treatment, and the control effect is 90.94% +/-1.31 after 7 days after the second treatment, which shows that the quick-acting performance is good, and the lasting time of the drug effect is at least 7 days. Compared with the treatment II, the treatment III and the treatment V, the 600-time control effect of the 30% flumorph suspending agent after 3d treatment II after the first treatment reaches 60.8% +/-1.44, which is obviously higher than the control effects 49.53% +/-2.9 and 49.29% +/-2.63 after the treatment III and the treatment V, which shows that the quick-acting property of the treatment II is good, the control effects of the above 3 treatments are increased along with the time lapse, and the control effects of the treatment II and the treatment III after the second treatment are relatively close to 77.92% +/-2.63, 74.32% +/-2.03 and 67.33 + -2.21 respectively after 7d observation after the second treatment, and the control effects are relatively close. The results show that the effect is not ideal in the early period, but the control effect tends to increase remarkably with time, and the control effect is excellent in the later period (7 d after the second time of medicine application). The IV 80% dimethomorph water dispersible granule is treated by 1875 times, and the prevention and control effects are not ideal through observation in the early stage (3 d and 7d after the first application) and the later stage (7 d after the second application), and the prevention and control effects are between 41.58% and 53.03%, which indicates that the dimethomorph has resistance in the local and is not recommended to be used by outdoor grapes.

Safety survey: during the test period, the grapes grow normally, and no phytotoxicity phenomenon of each treatment on young fruits and leaves is observed, which indicates that each treatment of Kyoho grapes is safe under the test concentration.

Summary and discussion: from the above results, it can be seen that treatment I gave the best results, and that the quick-acting property and the lasting period are very good, indicating that 31% oxazolone-fluthiazole suspension (trade name Zengwei Ying times) is a very recommended bactericide against grape downy mildew. After the second medicament is treated II, III and V, the control effect in 7d is 67.33-77.92 percent, and the composition can be used as a medicament for controlling the downy mildew of the outdoor grapes. Furthermore, as can be seen from the control results of downy mildew of treatment V, lividone alone or has a certain control effect on downy mildew, and for this reason, the inventors further studied the control of downy mildew by lividone.

Example 2 (post harvest preservation of the leaves of the grapes; spray livido, prevention of downy mildew)

The prevention and control research of the lividao on the downy mildew of the field grape plantlet is as follows:

environmental conditions and test article: the test was conducted at the grape base of Tongji village, coast, tokyo, taizhou, zhejiang province. The grape variety is Kyoho. Grape seedlings are grown in the open air at the age of 1 year, the row spacing is 1m × 3m, and the grape growth vigor is good during the test. The test field is sandy loam, the pH value is 5.5, and the fertilizer water is sufficient. The planting density is about 165 pieces per 667 square meters. The cultivation management level is general. The Kyoho grape downy mildew is in the early and middle stage of the disease.

Test materials: aqueous polypeptide copper (trade name livido) italy keng ltd; 80% dimethomorph water dispersible granules (trade name Boshuang) Jiangxi Heyi chemical Co., ltd; 60% Azole Ether-Thiram Water dispersible granule (trade name: betay) manufactured by Pasteur Europe.

Test and investigation methods: the test was conducted on 6, 10 and 2017, and the disease base was investigated 1 time before the test and 1 time again after the test 5 d. The test randomly selects 5 rows, each row is processed one by one, each row is processed 5 areas for 5 times, 5 vines are randomly selected in each area and marked, and disease occurrence base numbers of 10 leaves are recorded by each vine; and 5d, surveying the disease base number of the marked vine leaves for 1 time again, and calculating the prevention effect according to the disease base number before and after the application.

The experiment was run with 6 treatments in total, identified as follows: t1 (treatment 1): 800 times of Liweidao; t2 (treatment 2): livingdao 800 times and 80% dimethomorph 1500 times; t3 (treatment 3: livingdao 800 times +60% Azolol.metiram 750 times; T4 (treatment 4) 80% dimethomorph 1500 times; T5 (treatment 5) clear water control CK.

Test results and analysis:

TABLE 2

Note: the results are averaged over 5 replicates (tables 3-7). The numbers in the same column with different upper and lower case letters represent significant differences in the 0.01 and 0.05 levels, respectively.

The test summary is as follows: as can be seen from the results in table 2, 1, livingdao 800 is safe to use on the peak; 2. the domestic dimethomorph has poor control effect on downy mildew; 3. the single use of lividone 800 has better effect of preventing and treating the downy mildew; 4. the control effect of the lividone combined with dimethomorph on the downy mildew is more excellent.

Test survey data:

TABLE 3

TABLE 4

TABLE 5

TABLE 6

TABLE 7

In addition, in the experimental process of example 2, the inventor unexpectedly found that the grape leaves treated by farmers conventionally yellow and fall off early, and the grape leaves treated by livingdao yellow and fall off late, and rarely wither and fall off, as shown in fig. 1, which indicates that livingdao has a protective effect on the picked grape leaves, and in order to verify the conclusion, the inventor further studied the leaf protecting effect of livingdao.

Example 3 (postharvest grape leaves)

The purpose of the test is as follows: the picked grapes are sprayed with lividone for 800 times and 5 times to achieve the leaf protection effect;

test address: kyoho grape base of Taizhou Wenling coast Cojicun;

test background: in 2019, taizhou Zhejiang province experiences two large typhoons, namely Liqima at 8 months and 10 days, mila at 10 months and 1 day, and the mechanical damage to the grape leaves is serious;

and (4) finishing harvesting of Kyoho grapes: 7, month and 16 days;

and (3) carrying out a post-harvest leaf-preserving test on grapes: and (3) test treatment: 800 times of Liweidao aqua; conventional treatment by farmers: 800 times of 70% metiram wettable powder;

the first application time: 7, 20 months;

and (3) the second application time: 8, month and 15 days;

the third application time: 8, month and 30 days;

fourth application time: 9 months and 15 days;

fifth application time: 9 months and 30 days.

Experimental observation 8 months and 24 days: the grape leaves after the test treatment are shown in figure 2, the grapes grow vigorously, and the grapes show decay after the conventional treatment are shown in figure 3.

Experimental observation for 9 months and 25 days: compared with the nutrient in the cross section of the grape branch treated conventionally (the larger the area of the brown block in the center of the branch is, the lower the nutrient storage of the branch is), the result is shown in fig. 4, and it can be seen that the branch of the experimental treatment group is green, while the branch of the farmer treatment group is brown, which shows that the nutrient storage capacity of the branch of the experimental group is higher.

The grapes are exposed to the Liqima typhoon after being picked, mechanical damage occurs to part of the leaves when the grapes are observed in 15 days after 8 months after the typhoon, and after five times of spraying of the Liqima typhoon, as shown in figure 5, the wounds of the damaged leaves do not have the disease, the leaves are emerald green, the damaged leaves grow well, and the grape leaves can be well protected after the grapes are picked by using the Liqima typhoon.

Example 4 (post harvest management measures sprout rate, chlorophyll survey)

Test site: tongjicun multi-grape base is located in the coast and town of Taizhou city, zhejiang.

The management measures after grape harvest are as follows:

management after grape harvest measures 1, after grape harvest, the grape leaves are protected, farmers begin to spray 800 times of livingdao after the grape is harvested at 7 months and 20 days in 2021 years, and the farmers use 60% pyrazole-metiram water dispersible granule 750 times of leaf spraying as a conventional pesticide bactericide. Spraying for 5 times at 15 days intervals.

Post-harvest management measures 2 post-harvest fertilization of grapes, and 2.5kg per plant of post-harvest broadcast/furrow/hole refined compound microbial fertilizer (trade name: livicock) ^-1 Applied 1 time. The conventional fertilizer application of farmers is 5kg of farmyard manure ^-1 The application amount of the compound fertilizer is (15-15-15) 40 jin/mu ^-1 。

After the grapes are picked, management measures 3, the winter garden cleaning of the grapes is carried out twice, the 1 st time is after the fallen leaves of the grapes are pruned in winter, the garden cleaning scheme is that 99% of mineral oil (the trade name is green glume) is sprayed 200 times and 30% of copper oxychloride suspending agent (the trade name is borreije) is sprayed 800 times for 1 time, the spraying method is that the whole plant is comprehensively sprayed, the branch is preferably dripped, and if weeds exist in the radius of 1 meter around the main root, the whole plant is also sprayed together. The 2 nd time is in the middle and later stages of the pompon, the garden clearing scheme is to spray 200 times of 99% mineral oil (with the trade name of luoyang), 800 times of 30% copper oxychloride suspending agent (with the trade name of borege) and 500 times of plant-derived amino acid (with the trade name of liviger), and the spraying method is the same as the spraying method. The conventional garden cleaning of farmers is to spray 25 Baume-degree lime sulphur mixture at the earlier stage of the pompon and to spray 1 time by adding 4 jin of water to prepare 5 Baume-degree lime sulphur mixture leaves.

Grape survey: the investigation time is 2022 years, 1 month and 24 days, and the grape is in the 2-4 leaf stage.

And (3) investigating germination rate: in the test area and the conventional test area of farmers, all branches of the whole 1 grape plant are continuously investigated, the pompon germination quantity and the non-germination quantity are recorded, 10 plants are continuously investigated for one treatment, 30 plants are respectively investigated in the test area and the control area, the germination rate is calculated, SPSS data processing software is used for difference analysis, and the results are shown in Table 8.

Chlorophyll survey: applying a SPAD handheld instrument, in a test area and a conventional test area of farmers, investigating 4 leaves close to a sprout and a sprout, investigating the relative chlorophyll content of 3 blocks of each leaf, calculating an average value, investigating all the sprouts of the whole 1 grape plant, investigating 10 plants, and repeating the steps. 30 plants were investigated in each of the test and control zones, the germination rate was calculated, and the difference analysis was performed using SPSS data processing software, with the results shown in Table 8.

TABLE 8

From the results, it can be seen that: the germination rate of the treatment area is 74.67% + -2.52, which is 18.24% higher than that of the conventional area 63.15% + -3.26 of the farmer; the chlorophyll relative content treatment area is 20.07 +/-2.85, which is 6.98 higher than the conventional 18.76 +/-3.42 of farmers, and shows that the germination rate of the grapes in the next year and the chlorophyll content of new leaves are obviously improved after the grape postharvest management measures are applied.

Surveying the uniformity of young shoots: two areas are selected respectively, the young shoot length of the grape is measured in each area at the stage of just separating the grape catkin, the slightly-growing consistency investigation is carried out, and the inflorescence separation condition and the secondary spike degradation rate investigation are recorded. Continuously investigating all branches of the whole 1 grape plant in a test area and a conventional test area of farmers, and recording the length of new shoots, the degradation condition of subsidiary spikes of the floral cotton and the separation condition of the floral cotton.

The data analysis results were as follows:

TABLE 9 results of area 1 investigation

TABLE 10 results of area 2 survey

And (4) analyzing results:

in zone 1, the test zone was slightly 65.01 cm. + -. 13.73cm long with a deviation of 13.73cm, the control zone was slightly 59.37 cm. + -. 16.65 cm long with a deviation of 16.65, indicating that the slightly longer consistency of the treated zones was even more excellent. Inflorescence separation was better at 83.5% versus 80.85% and rate of secondary panicle regression was lower at 22.01% versus 37.71%.

In zone 2, the test zone was slightly longer at 61.42 cm. + -. 13.77 in a deviation of 13.77cm, the control zone was slightly longer at 56.92 cm. + -. 19.17 in a deviation of 19.17, indicating that the slightly longer consistency of the treated zones was more excellent. Inflorescence separation was better at 79% versus 62.89% and rate of secondary ear regression was lower at 24.14% versus 36.76%.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. The application of Livicao in the postharvest leaf protection of fruit trees.

2. The use of claim 1, wherein the fruit tree comprises grapes;

preferably, the protecting the leaves comprises at least one of controlling downy mildew and improving nutrient storage of fruit trees.

3. A management method for postharvest grapes in a forcing culture mode is characterized by comprising the following steps: spraying a medicament after picking;

the medicament comprises lividone.

4. The method for managing according to claim 3, wherein the dilution factor of lividone in the pharmaceutical agent is 750-850 times, preferably 800 times.

5. The management method according to claim 3, characterized in that the agent is sprayed 3-5 times;

preferably, the first spraying of the pesticide is carried out from the postharvest of the grapes to the time before film uncovering;

preferably, the time interval of spraying the medicament is 15-20 days;

preferably, the medicament is administered at a rate of 50-100 kg/acre per application.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein the medicament further comprises a dimethomorph water dispersant;

7. The management method according to claim 3, further comprising post-harvest application of livicock;

8. The management method according to claim 3, further comprising winter garden cleaning;

the winter garden cleaning comprises: after pruning in winter, spraying green glume and borrelid; in the middle and later period of pompon, green glume, borreiger and liviger are sprayed.

9. The method for managing according to claim 8, characterized in that the dilution factor of the glume is 180-220 times, preferably 200 times;

preferably, the dilution factor of the livigberg is 450-550 times, preferably 500 times.

10. The management method as claimed in claim 8, wherein in the winter garden cleaning process, the spraying range of twice is within 1 meter of the radius of the whole fruit tree and the periphery of the main root of the fruit tree;

preferably, in the winter garden cleaning process, the application rates of the two-time spraying are respectively 30-50 kg/mu.