CN115336501B

CN115336501B - Cultivation method of selenium-enriched grape

Info

Publication number: CN115336501B
Application number: CN202211149173.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 夏良平
Original assignee: Changde Liangqun Agricultural Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Changde Liangqun Agricultural Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-09-21
Filing date: 2022-09-21
Publication date: 2023-09-15
Anticipated expiration: 2042-09-21
Also published as: CN115336501A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of selenium-rich fruit cultivation, and provides a cultivation method of selenium-rich grapes. Different water and fertilizer balance and cold temperature balance measures are adopted according to different grape erection heights, the area of a winter cold branch body is increased by adopting a long-branch long-nutrition conveying mode for horizontal canopy frame, namely overhead cultivation, the problem of insufficient cold temperature is solved, and meanwhile, the conveying area of a single body can be increased by adopting the long-branch mode, so that nutrient consumption is improved, and the problem of excessive water and fertilizer is solved. The method has the advantages that the excessive nutrients are removed by adopting a girdling and cerclage mode for V-shaped low-frame cultivation, so that the problem of excessive water and fertilizer is solved, meanwhile, the energy storage of the girdling and cerclage branch body is relatively reduced in winter dormancy, the required cold temperature is also reduced, and the problem of insufficient cold temperature is solved by reducing the requirement of the girdling and cerclage branch body on the cold temperature.

Description

Cultivation method of selenium-enriched grape

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of selenium-rich fruit cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method of selenium-rich grapes.

Background

Selenium-rich fruit is a fruit product containing rich selenium element, selenium is essential trace element for human body, and participates in synthesizing various selenium-containing enzymes and selenium-containing proteins in the human body, wherein glutathione peroxidase catalyzes hydroperoxide or lipid peroxide to be converted into water or various alcohols in the organism, eliminates the attack of free radicals on biological membranes, and protects the biological membranes from oxidative damage.

The sapphires are European sub-varieties, the branches are not easy to calcifie, do not bear fertilizers and water, do not fall off grains after being ripe, do not break tips, are stored and transported, are natural and seedless, the grains are long and cylindrical, are like small fingers, are blue-black in color, are quick and uniform in coloring, are planted in areas more than the northern part of Shandong, are long in fruiting period after being ripe, and are resistant to anthracnose, white rot and powdery mildew.

However, although the soil is fertile in the south of China and the soil water retention capacity is strong, the cold temperature is insufficient for the planting of the sapphire grape, the water and fertilizer are extremely high, the flower embryo is difficult to generate by adopting the traditional planting mode, and the popularization of the sapphire grape in the south is influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a cultivation method of selenium-enriched grapes, and aims to solve the technical problems.

The invention discloses a cultivation method of selenium-enriched grapes, which comprises the following steps:

selecting strong seedlings with complete root systems, planting the seedlings in the late 1 month, planting main roots on a seedbed, spreading the root systems around, covering soil, and watering the seedlings with fixed root water;

erecting a rain-proof simple middle shed or a steel frame greenhouse, erecting a grape trellis in the greenhouse, trimming main branches and side branches of the grape when erecting a horizontal shed frame with the height of 1.8-2.2 meters, controlling the length of the main branches to be 4 meters, controlling the length of the side branches to be 2 meters, controlling the spacing of the side branches to be 1 meter, erecting V-shaped low frames with the height of 1.2-1.5 meters when the number of plants per mu is 20, fastening the fifth part of the main branches with iron wires in the last ten days of 3 months, girdling the fifth part of the main branches of the grape by three-fifths in the last ten days of 3 months, and loosening the iron wires in the last ten days of 5 months;

removing inflorescences on weak branches 3-5 days before the initial flowering period, leaving a head inflorescences on branches with moderate growth vigor, and early pinching off new tip tendrils to bind and fix the new tips in time;

spraying selenium-rich foliar spray fertilizer for three times after 4 pm in the full bloom stage, and spraying once every 7 days after the full bloom stage;

winter cutting is started when the leaves fall for half a month, two bud embryos are reserved for each bud stake, one flower spike is reserved, and the cutting opening is bound by a wound healing anti-corrosion film.

Further, the height of the horizontal shed frame is 2 meters, the longitudinal distance of the horizontal shed frame is 8 meters, and the transverse distance of the horizontal shed frame is 4 meters.

Further, the selenium content of the selenium-rich foliar spray fertilizer is 160-180 micrograms/liter.

Still further, spraying 2000 times of bordeaux mixture and 20% of chlorantraniliprole 1500 times of liquid before the initial flowering period.

Still further, the method also comprises spraying 3000 times of 20% difenoconazole and 1000 times of 4.5% beta-cypermethrin 2-3 days after the full bloom stage, spraying 1500 times of 50% thiram and 1500 times of 25% azoxystrobin 9-10 days after the full bloom stage, and spraying 18% active calcium-containing foliar fertilizer and calcium fertilizer and pesticide 20-21 days after the full bloom stage.

Advantageous effects

According to the cultivation method of the selenium-enriched grape, provided by the invention, the foliar spray fertilizer is sprayed in the full bloom stage and the later stage to supplement selenium for the sapphire grape, so that the selenium content in the grape can reach about 500 micrograms/kilogram, and the selenium-enriched standard is achieved. Different water and fertilizer balance and cold temperature balance measures are adopted according to different grape erection heights, the area of a winter cold branch body is increased by adopting a long-branch long-nutrition conveying mode for horizontal canopy frame, namely overhead cultivation, the problem of insufficient cold temperature is solved, meanwhile, the conveying area of a single body can be increased by adopting a long-branch mode, nutrient consumption is improved, and as most of south areas are loam, cultivation layers are shallow, root system growth is limited, so that the problem of excessive water and fertilizer is solved. The method has the advantages that the excessive nutrients are removed by adopting a girdling and cerclage mode for V-shaped low-frame cultivation, so that the problem of excessive water and fertilizer is solved, meanwhile, the energy storage of the girdling and cerclage branch body is relatively reduced in winter dormancy, the required cold temperature is also reduced, and the problem of insufficient cold temperature is solved by reducing the requirement of the girdling and cerclage branch body on the cold temperature. The spare branch flower yield of the selenium-enriched grape cultivated by the method can reach 55% -85%.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the following examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Example 1

The embodiment of the invention provides a cultivation method of selenium-enriched grapes, which comprises the following steps:

selecting strong seedlings with complete root systems, planting the seedlings in the late 1 month, planting main roots on a seedbed, spreading the root systems around, covering soil, and watering the main roots.

The method comprises the steps of erecting a rain-proof, simple middle shed or steel frame greenhouse, erecting a grape trellis in the greenhouse, erecting a horizontal shed frame with the height of 2 meters, wherein the longitudinal distance of the horizontal shed frame is 8 meters, the transverse distance is 4 meters, pruning main branches and side branches of grapes, controlling the length of the main branches to be 4 meters, the length of the side branches to be 2 meters, the spacing between the side branches to be 1 meter, and the number of plants per mu to be 20 plants.

When the V-shaped low frame with the height of 1.5 meters is erected, the fifth part of the main branch is tied up by iron wires in the last ten days of 3 months, the fourth part of the main branch of the grape is cut and cut for three fifths in the last ten days of 3 months, and the iron wires are loosened in the last ten days of 5 months.

Spraying 2000 times of Boedo liquid and 20% of chlorantraniliprole 1500 times of liquid before the initial flowering period, removing inflorescences on weak branches 4 days before the initial flowering period, leaving a head inflorescence on branches with middle growth vigor, and timely binding and fixing new shoots by early pinching off new shoot tendrils.

The selenium-rich foliar spray fertilizer with 180 micrograms of selenium per liter is sprayed three times after 4 pm in the full bloom stage, and is sprayed once every 7 days after the full bloom stage.

20% difenoconazole 3000 times liquid and 4.5% beta-cypermethrin 1000 times liquid are sprayed 3 days after the full bloom stage, 50% thiram 1500 times liquid and 25% azoxystrobin 1500 times liquid are sprayed 10 days after the full bloom stage, and foliar fertilizer calcium fertilizer and pesticide containing 18% active calcium are sprayed 21 days after the full bloom stage.

Example 2

The method comprises the steps of erecting a rain-proof, simple middle shed or steel frame greenhouse, erecting a grape trellis in the greenhouse, erecting a horizontal shed frame with the height of 1.8 meters, wherein the longitudinal distance of the horizontal shed frame is 8 meters, the transverse distance is 4 meters, pruning main branches and side branches of grapes, controlling the length of the main branches to be 4 meters, the length of the side branches to be 2 meters, the spacing between the side branches to be 1 meter, and the number of plants per mu to be 20 plants.

When the V-shaped low frame with the height of 1.2 meters is erected, the fifth part of the main branch is tied up by iron wires in the last ten days of 3 months, the fourth part of the main branch of the grape is cut and cut for three fifths in the last ten days of 3 months, and the iron wires are loosened in the last ten days of 5 months.

Spraying 2000 times of Boedo liquid and 20% of chlorantraniliprole 1500 times of liquid before the initial flowering period, removing inflorescences on weak branches 5 days before the initial flowering period, leaving a head inflorescence on branches with middle growth vigor, and timely binding and fixing new tips by early pinching off new tip tendrils.

The selenium-rich foliar spray fertilizer with the selenium content of 170 micrograms/liter is sprayed three times after 4 pm in the full bloom stage, and the fertilizer is sprayed once every 7 days after the full bloom stage.

20% difenoconazole 3000 times liquid and 4.5% beta-cypermethrin 1000 times liquid are sprayed 2 days after the full bloom stage, 50% thiram 1500 times liquid and 25% azoxystrobin 1500 times liquid are sprayed 9 days after the full bloom stage, and foliar fertilizer calcium fertilizer and pesticide containing 18% active calcium are sprayed 20 days after the full bloom stage.

Example 3

The method comprises the steps of erecting a rain-proof, simple middle shed or steel frame greenhouse, erecting a grape trellis in the greenhouse, erecting a horizontal shed frame with the height of 2.2 meters, wherein the longitudinal distance of the horizontal shed frame is 8 meters, the transverse distance is 4 meters, pruning main branches and side branches of grapes, controlling the length of the main branches to be 4 meters, the length of the side branches to be 2 meters, the spacing between the side branches to be 1 meter, and the number of plants per mu to be 20 plants.

When the V-shaped low frame with the height of 1.3 meters is erected, the fifth part of the main branch is tied up by iron wires in the last ten days of 3 months, the fourth part of the main branch of the grape is cut and cut for three fifths in the last ten days of 3 months, and the iron wires are loosened in the last ten days of 5 months.

Spraying 2000 times of Boedo liquid and 20% of chlorantraniliprole 1500 times of liquid before the initial flowering period, removing inflorescences on weak branches 3 days before the initial flowering period, leaving a head inflorescence on branches with middle growth vigor, and timely binding and fixing new shoots by early pinching off new shoot tendrils.

The selenium-rich foliar spray fertilizer with the selenium content of 160 micrograms/liter is sprayed three times after 4 pm in the full bloom stage, and the fertilizer is sprayed once every 7 days after the full bloom stage.

20% difenoconazole 3000 times liquid and 4.5% beta-cypermethrin 1000 times liquid are sprayed 2 days after the full bloom stage, 50% thiram 1500 times liquid and 25% azoxystrobin 1500 times liquid are sprayed 10 days after the full bloom stage, and foliar fertilizer calcium fertilizer and pesticide containing 18% active calcium are sprayed 20 days after the full bloom stage.

The cultivation steps not mentioned in embodiments 1 to 3 of the present invention can be all the cultivation techniques of sapphire grapes in the prior art, and are not described herein.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.

Claims

1. The cultivation method of the selenium-rich grape is applied to the sapphire grape and is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

the method comprises the steps of erecting a rain-proof, simple middle shed or steel frame greenhouse, erecting a grape trellis in the greenhouse, erecting a horizontal shed frame with the height of 2 meters, wherein the longitudinal distance of the horizontal shed frame is 8 meters, the transverse distance is 4 meters, pruning main branches and side branches of grapes, controlling the length of the main branches to be 4 meters, the length of the side branches to be 2 meters, the spacing between the side branches to be 1 meter, and the number of plants per mu to be 20 plants;

when a V-shaped low frame with the height of 1.5 meters is erected, tying the fifth part of a main branch with iron wires in the last ten days of 3 months, girdling the fifth part of the main branch of the grape by three fifths in the fourth part of the main branch of the grape in the last ten days of 3 months, and loosening the iron wires in the last ten days of 5 months;

spraying 2000 times of Boedo liquid and 20% of chlorantraniliprole 1500 times of liquid before the initial flowering period, removing inflorescences on weak branches 4 days before the initial flowering period, leaving a head inflorescence on the branches with middle growth vigor, early pinching off new tip tendrils, and timely binding and fixing the new tips;

spraying selenium-rich foliar spray fertilizer with 180 micrograms of selenium per liter for three times after 4 pm in the full-bloom stage, and spraying once every 7 days after the full-bloom stage;

spraying 3000 times liquid of 20% difenoconazole and 1000 times liquid of 4.5% beta-cypermethrin 3 days after the full bloom stage, spraying 1500 times liquid of 50% thiram and 1500 times liquid of 25% azoxystrobin 10 days after the full bloom stage, and spraying a foliar fertilizer, calcium fertilizer and pesticide containing 18% active calcium 21 days after the full bloom stage;