CN115336455B - Single Ji Wandao disposable fertilization method and controlled release compound fertilizer used by same - Google Patents
Single Ji Wandao disposable fertilization method and controlled release compound fertilizer used by same Download PDFInfo
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- CN115336455B CN115336455B CN202111635998.9A CN202111635998A CN115336455B CN 115336455 B CN115336455 B CN 115336455B CN 202111635998 A CN202111635998 A CN 202111635998A CN 115336455 B CN115336455 B CN 115336455B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a single Ji Wandao disposable fertilization method and a controlled release compound fertilizer used by the same. The method comprises the following steps: sequentially turning over, moistening the field and leveling the land before transplanting, transplanting the seedlings and applying the controlled-release compound fertilizer after leveling the land is finished; the controlled release compound fertilizer comprises the following substances in parts by mass: 6-9 parts of ammonium phosphate; 6.5 to 7.5 portions of potassium chloride; s20, 7.5 to 8.5 parts of coated urea; 22-26 parts of C40 coated compound fertilizer; 14-22 parts of C80 coated compound fertilizer; S25C105 coating compound fertilizer 11-13 parts; 2-3 parts of EDTA chelated zinc; 4-6 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. According to the technical scheme, the release modes of linear release and nonlinear release and the cooperation of side deep application are adopted to realize effective slow release and controlled release, so that nutrient release is realized more accurately in different growth periods of rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a single Ji Wandao disposable fertilization method and a controlled release compound fertilizer used by the same.
Background
The rice is a traditional crop in China and is also a main grain crop. The rice is different in nutrition requirements according to the development characteristics of early, medium and late rice, and different in nutrition requirements according to the rice cropping system distinction of single-season and double-season.
In general, single-season rice has a characteristic of larger single-harvest than double-season rice, but its rice cropping period is significantly longer than that of double-season rice, it is required to apply different types of fertilizers at each stage, it has problems of heavy work and high nutrient loss rate, and thus a controlled release fertilizer for one-time fertilization has been developed gradually on the market.
However, the controlled release is mostly only applied to double-cropping rice, because the double-cropping rice has short rice cropping period and low controlled release difficulty, while the single-cropping late rice has long rice cropping period, and nutrient release is difficult to control. Therefore, developing a controlled release compound fertilizer suitable for single Ji Wandao and applying the fertilizer in a proper way is a key for effectively realizing the single Ji Wandao one-time fertilization technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a single Ji Wandao one-time fertilization method and a controlled release compound fertilizer used by the same, which are used for solving the problems that at present, a single fertilization method is not suitable for single-season late rice, the controlled release fertilizer of double-season rice is insufficient in later-period fertility, the actual fertilizer utilization rate is not high, soil acidification is easy to cause and the like due to simple application of the controlled release fertilizer.
The invention aims at:
1. can be effectively used for one-time application of single-season late rice;
2. the fertilizer utilization rate is improved and the nutrient loss is reduced by the coordination of a fertilizer application mode and a controlled release fertilizer;
3. effective nutrient release control is achieved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A single Ji Wandao one-time fertilization method,
the method comprises the following steps:
sequentially turning over, moistening the field and leveling the land before transplanting, transplanting the seedlings and applying the controlled-release compound fertilizer after leveling the land is finished;
the controlled release compound fertilizer comprises the following substances in parts by mass:
6-9 parts of ammonium phosphate; 6.5 to 7.5 portions of potassium chloride; s20, 7.5 to 8.5 parts of coated urea; 22-26 parts of C40 coated compound fertilizer; 14-22 parts of C80 coated compound fertilizer; S25C105 coating compound fertilizer 11-13 parts; 2-3 parts of EDTA chelated zinc; 4-6 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer;
the release of the S20 coated urea is linear release, and the nitrogen release rate after application is more than or equal to 72wt percent for 20 d;
the C40 coating compound fertilizer and the C80 coating compound fertilizer both contain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, and the release is nonlinear release;
the nutrient release rate of the C40 coated compound fertilizer is less than or equal to 15wt% before 35d after application and is more than or equal to 75wt% after application;
the nutrient release rate of the C80 coated compound fertilizer is less than or equal to 15wt% before 72d after application, and the nutrient release rate of the C80 coated compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 80wt% after application;
the S25C105 coated compound fertilizer contains nitrogenous fertilizer and silicon fertilizer, wherein 65-75wt% of the silicon fertilizer is released in a straight line 25d before application, the release rate of the rest silicon fertilizer and nitrogenous fertilizer is less than or equal to 15wt% before application, and the release rate of 110d nutrient after application is more than or equal to 80wt%.
Preferably, the tillage is performed 7-10 days before transplanting, the tillage depth is controlled to be 10-15 cm, the number of days of field wetting is 3-5 days, and the water level used for field wetting is kept 2-3 cm higher than that of furrow soil in the field wetting process.
As a preferred alternative to this,
the transplanting and the application of the controlled release compound fertilizer are synchronously carried out;
the controlled release compound fertilizer is applied by side deep digging, and the digging angle of the side deep digging is controlled to be 30-60 degrees.
As a preferred alternative to this,
the urea content in the S20 coated urea is more than or equal to 88wt%;
the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the C40 coating compound fertilizer to the C80 coating compound fertilizer is 25-12-8, and the coating mass fraction is less than or equal to 14wt%.
As a preferred alternative to this,
the preparation method of the S20 coated urea comprises the following steps:
selecting granular urea with the particle size of 4-5 mm, heating to 60-80 ℃ in a fluidized bed, then weighing S20 coating materials according to the proportion, wherein the S20 coating materials account for 9-12 wt% of the S20 coating urea, preparing the S20 coating materials into S20 coating mucus, heating to 105-115 ℃, spraying the S20 coating mucus onto the granular urea in an atomization spraying mode, drying and sieving to select the S20 coating urea with the particle size of 4-5 mm.
As a preferred alternative to this,
the S20 coating material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
16 to 27 weight percent of PBS resin, 1 to 2 weight percent of sodium alkyl sulfonate and the balance of clay particles.
As a preferred alternative to this,
the preparation methods of the C40 coated compound fertilizer and the C80 coated compound fertilizer comprise the following steps:
selecting a granular compound fertilizer with the particle size of 4-5 mm, heating to 60-80 ℃ in a fluidized bed, weighing a C40 coating material or a C80 coating material according to a proportion, wherein the C40 coating material or the C80 coating material respectively accounts for 11-14 wt% of the C40 coating compound fertilizer or the C80 coating compound fertilizer, preparing the C40 coating material or the C80 coating material into C40 coating mucus or C80 coating mucus, heating to 105-115 ℃, spraying onto the granular compound fertilizer by adopting an atomization spraying mode, drying and sieving to select the C40 coating compound fertilizer or the C80 coating compound fertilizer with the particle size of 4-5 mm.
As a preferred alternative to this,
the preparation method of the S25C105 coated compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
according to 220: (25-35): weighing urea particles, water-soluble silicon fertilizer particles and citrate-soluble silicon fertilizer particles according to the proportion of (65-75), mixing the urea particles and the water-soluble silicon fertilizer particles to prepare mixed particles, heating the mixed particles to 60-80 ℃ in a fluidized bed, weighing C80 coating materials according to the proportion, preparing C80 coating materials into C80 coating mucus, heating the C80 coating mucus to 105-115 ℃, spraying the C80 coating mucus to the mixed particles in an atomization spraying mode, drying, sieving, selecting the particles with the particle diameter of 3-4 mm as silicon nitrogen fertilizer particles, and mixing the citrate-soluble silicon fertilizer particles, chitosan and tapioca starch according to the mass ratio of 100: (6-8): mixing the components (11-14) in proportion, preparing S25 coating mucus, heating to 105-115 ℃, spraying the mucus on silicon nitrogen fertilizer particles in an atomizing spraying mode, drying and sieving to select the S25C105 coating compound fertilizer with the particle size of 3-4 mm.
As a preferred alternative to this,
the C40 coating material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
2-3wt% of chitosan, 26-31wt% of PBS resin, 7-12wt% of tapioca starch, 1-2wt% of sodium alkyl sulfonate and the balance of clay particles;
the C80 coating material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
3 to 4 weight percent of chitosan, 16 to 27 weight percent of PBS resin, 14 to 18 weight percent of tapioca starch, 1 to 2 weight percent of sodium alkyl sulfonate and the balance of clay particles.
A controlled release compound fertilizer for a single Ji Wandao disposable fertilization method.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1) According to the technical scheme, the release modes of linear release and nonlinear release and the side deep application are matched, so that effective slow release and controlled release are realized, according to the nutrient requirements of single-season late rice, the release of nutrients can be realized more accurately in different growth periods of the rice when the nutrient requirements are relatively large, in addition, the nutrient loss can be avoided by matching with the side deep cultivation technology, the nutrient release can be controlled to start to release about 5 days before the estimated date, and the released nutrients can be reserved more effectively due to the comparison of the side deep cultivation mode and the traditional cultivation mode, so that the released nutrients can be reserved effectively and the fertility is accumulated for the late rice;
2) According to the technical scheme, trace elements such as silicon and zinc are added, so that remarkable improvement effect on improving the disease and pest resistance of rice is achieved, spectral resistance of plants is positively induced, stress resistance of rice crops can be improved to a certain extent, morbidity of the rice crops is reduced, the rice crops grow healthier, and yield of the rice crops is improved;
3) The nutrient ratio is reasonable, the existing commercial granular compound fertilizers are selected as the compound fertilizer particles, for the specific embodiment of the invention, the compound fertilizer is a Schdanli compound fertilizer (25-12-8 special fertilizer for rice), and for different varieties of single Ji Wandao, the method has strong applicability and can be reasonably adjusted according to the situation;
4) The additional fertilizer is not needed all the year round, and only fertilizer is needed to be synchronously applied to the rice transplanting, so that the labor and the effort are saved, and the rice planting cost is reduced.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. Those of ordinary skill in the art will be able to implement the invention based on these descriptions. In addition, the embodiments of the present invention referred to in the following description are typically only some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, all other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention, based on the embodiments of the present invention.
The raw materials used in the examples of the present invention are all commercially available or available to those skilled in the art unless specifically stated otherwise; the methods used in the examples of the present invention are those known to those skilled in the art unless specifically stated otherwise.
If no special description exists, the granular compound fertilizer used in the embodiment of the invention is a Schdanli compound fertilizer (25-12-8 special fertilizer for paddy rice).
Example 1
A single Ji Wandao one-time fertilization method,
the method comprises the following steps:
1) Preparing land: 10d before rice transplanting, ploughing soil, controlling ploughing depth to be 10cm, moistening the field with pure water for 5d after ploughing is finished, controlling the solution level to be about 2cm higher than that of furrow soil in the process, and leveling the soil to finish soil preparation;
2) Precipitation: soil precipitation is carried out after soil preparation is finished;
3) And (3) fertilization: the rice is transplanted and simultaneously the controlled release compound fertilizer is applied, the base fertilizer is applied by adopting 45-degree side deep digging, the side deep digging is controlled to fertilize the position within about 5cm from the horizontal of the rice root, and the depth of the fertilize position is about 5cm.
In this embodiment, the controlled release compound fertilizer comprises:
8 parts of ammonium phosphate; 7 parts of potassium chloride; s20, coating 8 parts of urea; 24 parts of C40 coated compound fertilizer; 17 parts of C80 coated compound fertilizer; S25C105 coating compound fertilizer 12 parts; 2.5 parts of EDTA chelated zinc; 5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer;
the preparation method of the S20 coated urea comprises the following steps:
selecting granular urea with the particle size of 4-5 mm, heating to 75 ℃ in a fluidized bed, weighing S20 coating materials according to the proportion, wherein the S20 coating materials account for 11wt% of the S20 coating urea, adding the S20 coating materials into 8 times of tetrachloromethane/tetrachloroethane (mass ratio of 1:1) mixed solution, uniformly mixing to prepare S20 coating mucus, heating to 110 ℃, spraying onto the granular urea in an atomization spraying mode, drying and sieving to select the S20 coating urea with the particle size of 4-5 mm;
the S20 coating material consists of 22wt% of PBS resin, 1.5wt% of sodium alkyl sulfonate and the balance of diatomite;
through experiments, 20d sampling detection is carried out after application, and the nutrient release rate of the S20 coated urea is more than 75wt%;
the preparation method of the C40 coated compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
selecting a granular compound fertilizer with the particle size of 4-5 mm, heating to 75 ℃ in a fluidized bed, weighing a C40 coating material according to a proportion, wherein the C40 coating material accounts for 12wt% of the C40 coating compound fertilizer, adding the C40 coating material into 8 times of tetrachloromethane/tetrachloroethane (mass ratio of 1:1) mixed solution, uniformly mixing to prepare a C40 coating mucus, heating to 110 ℃, spraying onto the granular compound fertilizer by adopting an atomization spraying mode, drying and sieving to select the C40 coating compound fertilizer with the particle size of 4-5 mm;
the C40 coating material consists of 2.5 weight percent of chitosan, 28 weight percent of PBS resin, 7.5 weight percent of tapioca starch, 1.5 weight percent of sodium alkyl sulfonate and the balance of diatomite;
through test, 35d sampling and detection after application, the nutrient release rate of the C40 coating material is less than or equal to 12wt%, and 45d sampling and detection show that the nutrient release rate of the C40 coating material is more than 79wt%;
the preparation method of the C80 coated compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
selecting a granular compound fertilizer with the particle size of 4-5 mm, heating to 75 ℃ in a fluidized bed, weighing a C80 coating material according to a proportion, wherein the C80 coating material accounts for 12wt% of the C80 coating compound fertilizer, adding the C80 coating material into 8 times of tetrachloromethane/tetrachloroethane (mass ratio of 1:1) mixed solution, uniformly mixing to prepare a C80 coating mucus, heating to 110 ℃, spraying onto the granular compound fertilizer by adopting an atomization spraying mode, drying and sieving to select the C80 coating compound fertilizer with the particle size of 4-5 mm;
the C80 coating material consists of 3.5wt% of chitosan, 22wt% of PBS resin, 16.5wt% of tapioca starch, 1.5wt% of sodium alkyl sulfonate and the balance of clay particles;
through test, after 75d of sampling detection, the nutrient release rate of the C80 coating material is less than or equal to 13wt%, and when 85d of sampling detection, the nutrient release rate of the C80 coating material is more than 81wt%;
the preparation method of the S25C105 coated compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
according to 220:30:70, weighing urea particles, water-soluble silicon fertilizer particles and citric acid-soluble silicon fertilizer particles, mixing the urea particles and the water-soluble silicon fertilizer particles to prepare mixed particles, heating the mixed particles to 75 ℃ in a fluidized bed, weighing C80 coating materials according to the proportion, wherein the C80 coating materials account for 12 weight percent of the total mass of the mixed particles and the mixed particles, adding the C80 coating materials into 8 times mass of tetrachloromethane/tetrachloroethane (mass ratio of 1:1) mixed solution, uniformly mixing to prepare C80 coating mucus, heating the C80 coating mucus to 110 ℃, spraying the C80 coating mucus to the mixed particles by adopting an atomization spraying mode, drying and sieving the C80 coating materials to select the particles with the particle size of 3-4 mm as silicon nitrogen fertilizer particles, and mixing the citric acid-soluble silicon fertilizer particles with chitosan and tapioca starch according to the mass ratio of 100:7:12, adding 8 times of tetrachloromethane/tetrachloroethane (mass ratio 1:1) mixed solution, uniformly mixing to prepare S25 coating mucus, heating to 110 ℃, spraying onto silicon nitrogen fertilizer particles by adopting an atomization spraying mode, drying and sieving to select an S25C105 coating compound fertilizer with the particle size of 3-4 mm;
through experiments, the release rate of the citrate-soluble silicon fertilizer is more than or equal to 95wt percent after 25d sampling detection, the release rate of the water-soluble silicon fertilizer and the nitrogenous fertilizer is less than 13wt percent after 97d sampling detection, and the release rate of 110d nutrient is more than or equal to 82wt percent after application;
mixing the ammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, S20 coated urea, C40 coated compound fertilizer, C80 coated compound fertilizer, S25C105 coated compound fertilizer, EDTA chelated zinc and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer uniformly, and applying the mixture with the dosage of 20 kg per mu.
Example 2
A single Ji Wandao one-time fertilization method,
the method comprises the following steps:
1) Preparing land: 10d before rice transplanting, ploughing soil, controlling ploughing depth to be 10cm, moistening the field with pure water for 5d after ploughing is finished, controlling the solution level to be about 2cm higher than that of furrow soil in the process, and leveling the soil to finish soil preparation;
2) Precipitation: soil precipitation is carried out after soil preparation is finished;
3) And (3) fertilization: the rice is transplanted and simultaneously the controlled release compound fertilizer is applied, the base fertilizer is applied by adopting 45-degree side deep digging, the side deep digging is controlled to fertilize the position within about 5cm from the horizontal of the rice root, and the depth of the fertilize position is about 5cm.
In this embodiment, the controlled release compound fertilizer comprises:
6 parts of ammonium phosphate; 6.5 parts of potassium chloride; s20, coating 7.5 parts of urea; 22 parts of C40 coated compound fertilizer; 14 parts of C80 coated compound fertilizer; S25C105 coating compound fertilizer 11 parts; 2 parts of EDTA chelated zinc; 4 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer;
the preparation method of the S20 coated urea comprises the following steps:
selecting granular urea with the particle size of 4-5 mm, heating to 60 ℃ in a fluidized bed, weighing S20 coating materials according to the proportion, wherein the S20 coating materials account for 9wt% of the S20 coating urea, adding the S20 coating materials into 8 times of tetrachloromethane/tetrachloroethane (mass ratio of 1:1) mixed solution, uniformly mixing to prepare S20 coating mucus, heating to 105 ℃, spraying onto the granular urea in an atomization spraying mode, drying and sieving to select the S20 coating urea with the particle size of 4-5 mm;
the S20 coating material consists of 16wt% of PBS resin, 1wt% of sodium alkyl sulfonate and the balance of diatomite;
through experiments, 20d sampling detection is carried out after application, and the nutrient release rate of the S20 coated urea is more than 79wt%;
the preparation method of the C40 coated compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
selecting a granular compound fertilizer with the particle size of 4-5 mm, heating to 60 ℃ in a fluidized bed, weighing a C40 coating material according to a proportion, wherein the C40 coating material accounts for 11wt% of the C40 coating compound fertilizer, adding the C40 coating material into 8 times of tetrachloromethane/tetrachloroethane (mass ratio of 1:1) mixed solution, uniformly mixing to prepare a C40 coating mucus, heating to 105 ℃, spraying onto the granular compound fertilizer by adopting an atomization spraying mode, drying and sieving to select a 40 coating compound fertilizer with the particle size of 4-5 mm;
the C40 coating material consists of 2wt% of chitosan, 26wt% of PBS resin, 7wt% of tapioca starch, 1wt% of sodium alkyl sulfonate and the balance of diatomite;
through test, 35d sampling and detection after application, the nutrient release rate of the C40 coating material is less than or equal to 14.5wt%, and 45d sampling and detection are carried out, wherein the nutrient release rate of the C40 coating material is more than 83wt%;
the preparation method of the C80 coated compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
selecting a granular compound fertilizer with the particle size of 4-5 mm, heating to 60 ℃ in a fluidized bed, weighing C80 coating materials according to the proportion, wherein the C80 coating materials account for 11wt% of the C80 coating compound fertilizer, adding the C80 coating materials into 8 times of tetrachloromethane/tetrachloroethane (mass ratio of 1:1) mixed solution, uniformly mixing to prepare C80 coating mucus, heating to 105 ℃, spraying onto the granular compound fertilizer by adopting an atomization spraying mode, drying and sieving to select a 40 coating compound fertilizer with the particle size of 4-5 mm;
the C80 coating material consists of 3wt% of chitosan, 16wt% of PBS resin, 14wt% of tapioca starch, 1wt% of sodium alkyl sulfonate and the balance of clay particles;
through test, after 75d of sampling detection, the nutrient release rate of the C80 coating material is less than or equal to 15wt%, and when 85d of sampling detection, the nutrient release rate of the C80 coating material is more than 85wt%;
the preparation method of the S25C105 coated compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
according to 220:25:65, weighing urea particles, water-soluble silicon fertilizer particles and citric acid-soluble silicon fertilizer particles, mixing the urea particles and the water-soluble silicon fertilizer particles to prepare mixed particles, heating the mixed particles to 60 ℃ in a fluidized bed, weighing C80 coating materials according to the proportion, adding the C80 coating materials accounting for 11 weight percent of the total mass of the mixed particles and the mixed particles, uniformly mixing the C80 coating materials into 8 times mass of tetrachloromethane/tetrachloroethane (mass ratio 1:1) mixed liquid to prepare C80 coating mucus, heating the C80 coating mucus to 105 ℃, spraying the C80 coating mucus to the mixed particles in an atomization spraying mode, drying, sieving, selecting the particles with the particle size of 3-4 mm as silicon-nitrogen fertilizer particles, and mixing the citric acid-soluble silicon fertilizer particles with chitosan and tapioca starch according to the mass ratio of 100:6:11, adding 8 times of tetrachloromethane/tetrachloroethane (mass ratio 1:1) mixed solution, uniformly mixing to prepare S25 coating mucus, heating to 105 ℃, spraying onto silicon nitrogen fertilizer particles by adopting an atomization spraying mode, drying and sieving to select an S25C105 coating compound fertilizer with the particle size of 3-4 mm;
through experiments, the release rate of the citrate-soluble silicon fertilizer is more than or equal to 97wt percent after 25d sampling detection, the release rate of the water-soluble silicon fertilizer and the nitrogenous fertilizer is less than 15.5wt percent after 97d sampling detection, and the release rate of 110d nutrient is more than or equal to 89wt percent after application;
mixing the ammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, S20 coated urea, C40 coated compound fertilizer, C80 coated compound fertilizer, S25C105 coated compound fertilizer, EDTA chelated zinc and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer uniformly, and applying the mixture with the dosage of 20 kg per mu.
Example 3
A single Ji Wandao one-time fertilization method,
the method comprises the following steps:
1) Preparing land: 10d before rice transplanting, ploughing soil, controlling ploughing depth to be 10cm, moistening the field with pure water for 5d after ploughing is finished, controlling the solution level to be about 2cm higher than that of furrow soil in the process, and leveling the soil to finish soil preparation;
2) Precipitation: soil precipitation is carried out after soil preparation is finished;
3) And (3) fertilization: the rice is transplanted and simultaneously the controlled release compound fertilizer is applied, the base fertilizer is applied by adopting 45-degree side deep digging, the side deep digging is controlled to fertilize the position within about 5cm from the horizontal of the rice root, and the depth of the fertilize position is about 5cm.
In this embodiment, the controlled release compound fertilizer comprises:
9 parts of ammonium phosphate; 7.5 parts of potassium chloride; s20, coating 8.5 parts of urea; 26 parts of C40 coated compound fertilizer; 22 parts of C80 coated compound fertilizer; S25C105 coating compound fertilizer 13 parts; 3 parts of EDTA chelated zinc; 6 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer;
the preparation method of the S20 coated urea comprises the following steps:
selecting granular urea with the particle size of 4-5 mm, heating to 80 ℃ in a fluidized bed, weighing S20 coating materials according to the proportion, wherein the S20 coating materials account for 12wt% of the S20 coated urea, adding the S20 coating materials into 8 times of tetrachloromethane/tetrachloroethane (mass ratio of 1:1) mixed solution, uniformly mixing to prepare S20 coated mucus, heating to 115 ℃, spraying onto the granular urea in an atomization spraying mode, drying and sieving to select the S20 coated urea with the particle size of 4-5 mm;
the S20 coating material consists of 27wt% of PBS resin, 2wt% of sodium alkyl sulfonate and the balance of diatomite;
through test, 20d sampling detection after application shows that the nutrient release rate of the S20 coated urea is more than 72wt%
The preparation method of the C40 coated compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
selecting a granular compound fertilizer with the particle size of 4-5 mm, heating to 80 ℃ in a fluidized bed, weighing a C40 coating material according to a proportion, wherein the C40 coating material accounts for 14wt% of the C40 coating compound fertilizer, adding the C40 coating material into 8 times of tetrachloromethane/tetrachloroethane (mass ratio of 1:1) mixed solution, uniformly mixing to prepare a C40 coating mucus, heating to 115 ℃, spraying onto the granular compound fertilizer by adopting an atomization spraying mode, drying and sieving to select a 40 coating compound fertilizer with the particle size of 4-5 mm;
the C40 coating material consists of 3 weight percent of chitosan, 31 weight percent of PBS resin, 12 weight percent of tapioca starch, 2 weight percent of sodium alkyl sulfonate and the balance of diatomite;
through test, 35d sampling and detection after application, the nutrient release rate of the C40 coating material is less than or equal to 10wt%, and 45d sampling and detection show that the nutrient release rate of the C40 coating material is more than 76wt%;
the preparation method of the C80 coated compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
selecting a granular compound fertilizer with the particle size of 4-5 mm, heating to 80 ℃ in a fluidized bed, weighing a C80 coating material according to a proportion, wherein the C80 coating material accounts for 14wt% of the C80 coating compound fertilizer, adding the C80 coating material into 8 times of tetrachloromethane/tetrachloroethane (mass ratio of 1:1) mixed solution, uniformly mixing to prepare a C80 coating mucus, heating to 115 ℃, spraying onto the granular compound fertilizer by adopting an atomization spraying mode, drying and sieving to select a 40 coating compound fertilizer with the particle size of 4-5 mm;
the C80 coating material consists of 4wt% of chitosan, 27wt% of PBS resin, 18wt% of tapioca starch, 2wt% of sodium alkyl sulfonate and the balance of clay particles;
through test, after 75d sampling detection, the nutrient release rate of the C80 coating material is less than or equal to 11wt%, and at 85d sampling detection, the nutrient release rate of the C80 coating material is more than 80wt%
The preparation method of the S25C105 coated compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
according to 220:35:75, weighing urea particles, water-soluble silicon fertilizer particles and citric acid-soluble silicon fertilizer particles, mixing the urea particles and the water-soluble silicon fertilizer particles to prepare mixed particles, heating the mixed particles to 80 ℃ in a fluidized bed, weighing C80 coating materials according to the proportion, wherein the C80 coating materials account for 14 weight percent of the total mass of the mixed particles and the mixed particles, adding the C80 coating materials into 8 times mass of tetrachloromethane/tetrachloroethane (mass ratio of 1:1) mixed solution, uniformly mixing to prepare C80 coating mucus, heating the C80 coating mucus to 115 ℃, spraying the C80 coating mucus to the mixed particles in an atomization spraying mode, drying and sieving the C80 coating materials to select the particles with the particle size of 3-4 mm as silicon nitrogen fertilizer particles, and mixing the citric acid-soluble silicon fertilizer particles with chitosan and tapioca starch in a mass ratio of 100:8:14, adding 8 times of tetrachloromethane/tetrachloroethane (mass ratio 1:1) mixed solution, uniformly mixing to prepare S25 coating mucus, heating to 115 ℃, spraying onto silicon nitrogen fertilizer particles by adopting an atomization spraying mode, drying and sieving to select an S25C105 coating compound fertilizer with the particle size of 3-4 mm;
through experiments, the release rate of the citrate-soluble silicon fertilizer is greater than or equal to 93wt percent after 25d sampling detection, the release rate of the water-soluble silicon fertilizer and the nitrogenous fertilizer is less than 11wt percent after 97d sampling detection, and the release rate of 110d nutrient is greater than or equal to 80wt percent after application;
mixing the ammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, S20 coated urea, C40 coated compound fertilizer, C80 coated compound fertilizer, S25C105 coated compound fertilizer, EDTA chelated zinc and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer uniformly, and applying the mixture with the dosage of 20 kg per mu.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that:
and 3) applying by adopting a conventional soil mixing and fertilizing method when the fertilizer is applied.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that:
the controlled release compound fertilizer adopts the existing double-season late rice controlled release compound fertilizer (25-12-8, total nutrient content is more than or equal to 45 wt%) and the controlled release compound fertilizer source is Shidanli fertilizer Co., ltd.
Test site: exemplary rice cultivation bases in Shengzhou city in Zhejiang province.
The basic physicochemical properties of the soil are shown in the following table.
The same variety of single-season late rice harvested by the same period planting of the local farmers is used as a blank control (CK group).
The results of the comparative experiments are shown in the following table.
It was calculated that examples 1 to 3 produced a significant yield increase effect compared to the CK group. And compared with comparative example 2, the actual use effect of the controlled release fertilizer of the double-season late rice adopted in comparative example 2 is even lower than the average yield value of daily farming, which shows that the controlled release fertilizer of the single-season rice and the double-season rice has great difference in actual use. Compared with comparative example 1, the invention has the advantages that the same fertilizer is adopted, the early growth and development degree is relatively similar, and the yield and rice quality of the rice are different, and the invention can greatly improve the effective utilization rate of nutrients in the controlled release fertilizer and enable rice crops to obtain more sufficient nutrients mainly because the technical scheme of the invention also adopts a specific side deep application method to be matched with the controlled release fertilizer.
It can be seen that the controlled release compound fertilizer is a good foundation for the technical scheme of the invention, but the effect of the controlled release compound fertilizer can be further obviously improved after the controlled release compound fertilizer is matched with a specific application method.
Claims (5)
1. A single Ji Wandao one-time fertilization method is characterized in that,
the method comprises the following steps:
sequentially turning over, moistening the field and leveling the land before transplanting, transplanting the seedlings and applying the controlled-release compound fertilizer after leveling the land is finished;
the controlled release compound fertilizer comprises the following substances in parts by mass:
6-9 parts of ammonium phosphate; 6.5 to 7.5 portions of potassium chloride; s20, 7.5 to 8.5 parts of coated urea; 22-26 parts of C40 coated compound fertilizer; 14-22 parts of C80 coated compound fertilizer; S25C105 coating compound fertilizer 11-13 parts; 2-3 parts of EDTA chelated zinc; 4-6 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer;
the release of the S20 coated urea is linear release, and the nitrogen release rate of 20d after application is more than or equal to 72wt%;
the C40 coating compound fertilizer and the C80 coating compound fertilizer both contain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, and the release is nonlinear release;
the nutrient release rate of 35d of the C40 coated compound fertilizer is less than or equal to 15wt percent after application, and the nutrient release rate of 45d of the C40 coated compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 75wt percent after application;
the nutrient release rate of the C80 coated compound fertilizer is not more than 15wt percent before 72d is applied, and the nutrient release rate of the C80 coated compound fertilizer is not less than 80wt percent after 85d is applied;
the S25C105 coated compound fertilizer contains nitrogenous fertilizer and silicon fertilizer, wherein 65-75 wt% of the silicon fertilizer is released in a straight line before 25-d is applied, the release rate of the residual silicon fertilizer and the nitrogenous fertilizer is less than or equal to 15-wt% before 97-d, and the nutrient release rate of 110-d is more than or equal to 80-wt%;
the preparation method of the S20 coated urea comprises the following steps:
selecting granular urea with the particle size of 4-5 mm, heating to 60-80 ℃ in a fluidized bed, then weighing S20 coating materials according to the proportion, wherein the S20 coating materials account for 9-12 wt% of the S20 coating urea, preparing the S20 coating materials into S20 coating mucus, heating to 105-115 ℃, spraying the S20 coating mucus onto the granular urea in an atomization spraying mode, drying and sieving to select the S20 coating urea with the particle size of 4-5 mm;
the S20 coating material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
16-27 of PBS resin wt%, 1-2 wt% of sodium alkyl sulfonate and the balance of clay particles;
the preparation methods of the C40 coated compound fertilizer and the C80 coated compound fertilizer comprise the following steps:
selecting a granular compound fertilizer with the particle size of 4-5 mm, heating to 60-80 ℃ in a fluidized bed, weighing a C40 coating material or a C80 coating material according to a proportion, wherein the C40 coating material or the C80 coating material respectively accounts for 11-14 wt% of the C40 coating compound fertilizer or the C80 coating compound fertilizer, preparing the C40 coating material or the C80 coating material into C40 coating mucus or C80 coating mucus, heating to 105-115 ℃, spraying onto the granular compound fertilizer in an atomizing spraying mode, drying and sieving to select the C40 coating compound fertilizer or the C80 coating compound fertilizer with the particle size of 4-5 mm;
the preparation method of the S25C105 coated compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
according to 220: (25-35): weighing urea particles, water-soluble silicon fertilizer particles and citrate-soluble silicon fertilizer particles according to the proportion of (65-75), mixing the urea particles and the water-soluble silicon fertilizer particles to prepare mixed particles, heating the mixed particles to 60-80 ℃ in a fluidized bed, weighing C80 coating materials according to the proportion, preparing C80 coating materials into C80 coating mucus, heating the C80 coating mucus to 105-115 ℃, spraying the C80 coating mucus to the mixed particles in an atomization spraying mode, drying and sieving the C80 coating materials to select the particles with the particle size of 3-4 mm as silicon nitrogen fertilizer particles, and mixing the citrate-soluble silicon fertilizer particles, chitosan and tapioca starch according to the mass ratio of 100: (6-8): mixing the components (11-14) in proportion, preparing S25 coating mucus, heating to 105-115 ℃, spraying the mucus onto silicon nitrogen fertilizer particles in an atomizing spraying mode, drying and sieving to select S25C105 coating compound fertilizer with the particle size of 3-4 mm;
the C40 coating material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
2-3 wt% of chitosan, 26-31 wt% of PBS resin, 7-12 wt% of tapioca starch, 1-2 wt% of sodium alkyl sulfonate and the balance of clay particles;
the C80 coating material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
3-4 wt% of chitosan, 16-27 wt% of PBS resin, 14-18 wt% of tapioca starch, 1-2 wt% of sodium alkyl sulfonate and the balance of clay particles.
2. A single Ji Wandao disposable fertilization method according to claim 1, wherein,
the ploughing is carried out 7-10 d before transplanting, the ploughing depth is controlled to be 10-15 cm, the number of days of field wetting is 3-5 d, and the water level used for field wetting is kept higher than 2-3 cm of furrow soil in the field wetting process.
3. A single Ji Wandao disposable fertilization method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein,
the transplanting and the application of the controlled release compound fertilizer are synchronously carried out;
the controlled release compound fertilizer is applied by side deep digging, and the digging angle of the side deep digging is controlled to be 30-60 degrees.
4. A single Ji Wandao disposable fertilization method according to claim 1, wherein,
the urea content in the S20 coated urea is more than or equal to 88 and wt percent;
the mass fraction of the coating in the C40 coating compound fertilizer and the C80 coating compound fertilizer is less than or equal to 14 and wt percent.
5. A controlled release compound fertilizer for the single-season late rice disposable fertilization method of claim 1.
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