CN115336455A - Single-season late rice one-time fertilization method and controlled-release compound fertilizer used by same - Google Patents
Single-season late rice one-time fertilization method and controlled-release compound fertilizer used by same Download PDFInfo
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- CN115336455A CN115336455A CN202111635998.9A CN202111635998A CN115336455A CN 115336455 A CN115336455 A CN 115336455A CN 202111635998 A CN202111635998 A CN 202111635998A CN 115336455 A CN115336455 A CN 115336455A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/90—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting the nitrification of ammonium compounds or urea in the soil
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a one-time fertilization method for single-season late rice and a controlled-release compound fertilizer used by the same. The method comprises the following steps: sequentially carrying out plowing, field wetting and flat land before transplanting, and transplanting and applying a controlled-release compound fertilizer after flat land is finished; the controlled-release compound fertilizer comprises the following substances in parts by mass: 6-9 parts of ammonium phosphate; 6.5-7.5 parts of potassium chloride; s20, coating 7.5-8.5 parts of urea; 22-26 parts of C40 coated compound fertilizer; 14-22 parts of C80 coated compound fertilizer; 11-13 parts of S25C105 coated compound fertilizer; 2-3 parts of EDTA chelated zinc; 4 to 6 portions of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer. According to the technical scheme, through the matching of linear release and non-linear release modes and lateral deep application, effective slow release and controlled release are realized, and the release of nutrients is accurately realized in different growth periods of rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a one-time fertilization method for single-season late rice and a controlled-release compound fertilizer used by the same.
Background
Rice is a traditional crop in China and also a main grain crop. It has different nutrition requirements according to the development characteristics of early, middle and late rice, and has different nutrition requirements according to the difference of single-season and double-season rice making systems.
Generally, single cropping rice has a characteristic of larger single harvest amount compared to double cropping rice, but the rice production period thereof is significantly longer than that of double cropping rice, which requires application of different types of fertilizers at various stages, which has problems of heavy labor and high nutrient loss rate, and thus controlled release fertilizers for one-time fertilization have been gradually developed on the market.
However, most of the controlled release fertilizers only aim at double cropping rice, because the rice cropping period of the double cropping rice is short and the controlled release difficulty is low, while the rice cropping period of single cropping late rice is long and the nutrient release is difficult to control. Therefore, the development of the controlled-release compound fertilizer suitable for the single Ji Wandao and the application of the controlled-release compound fertilizer in a proper mode are the key points for effectively realizing the one-time fertilization technology of the single-season late rice.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a single-season late rice one-time fertilization method and a controlled-release compound fertilizer used by the same, aiming at solving the problems that the single-season late rice is not suitable for a single-fertilization method at present, the late-period fertility is insufficient due to the adoption of the controlled-release fertilizer of double-season rice, the actual fertilizer utilization rate is not high due to the simple application of the controlled-release fertilizer, the soil acidification is easily caused, and the like.
The invention aims to:
1. can be effectively used for one-time application of single-season late rice;
2. by matching the fertilization mode with the controlled release fertilizer, the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved, and the nutrient loss is reduced;
3. effective nutrient release control is realized.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A one-time fertilization method of single-season late rice,
the method comprises the following steps:
sequentially carrying out plowing, field wetting and flat land before transplanting, and transplanting and applying a controlled-release compound fertilizer after flat land is finished;
the controlled-release compound fertilizer comprises the following substances in parts by mass:
6-9 parts of ammonium phosphate; 6.5-7.5 parts of potassium chloride; s20, coating 7.5-8.5 parts of urea; 22-26 parts of C40 coated compound fertilizer; 14-22 parts of C80 coated compound fertilizer; 11-13 parts of S25C105 coated compound fertilizer; 2-3 parts of EDTA chelated zinc; 4-6 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer;
the release of the S20 coated urea is linear release, and the 20d nitrogen release rate after application is more than or equal to 72wt%;
the C40 coated compound fertilizer and the C80 coated compound fertilizer both contain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, and the release is nonlinear release;
the nutrient release rate of the C40 coated compound fertilizer is less than or equal to 15wt% in the first 35 days after application, and the nutrient release rate of the C40 coated compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 75wt% in the second 45 days after application;
the nutrient release rate of the C80 coated compound fertilizer is less than or equal to 15wt% in the first 72 days after application, and the nutrient release rate of the C80 coated compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 80wt% in the last 85 days after application;
the S25C105 coated compound fertilizer contains a nitrogen fertilizer and a silicon fertilizer, wherein 65-75 wt% of the silicon fertilizer is linearly released 25 days before application, the 97d release rate of the rest of the silicon fertilizer and the nitrogen fertilizer is less than or equal to 15wt%, and the 110d nutrient release rate is more than or equal to 80wt%.
Preferably, the plowing is carried out 7-10 days before transplanting, the plowing depth is controlled to be 10-15 cm, the field wetting days are controlled to be 3-5 days, and the water level used for field wetting is kept 2-3 cm higher than the furrow soil in the field wetting process.
As a preference, the first and second liquid crystal compositions are,
the transplanting and the application of the controlled-release compound fertilizer are carried out synchronously;
the controlled release compound fertilizer is applied by side deep digging, and the side deep digging control digging angle is 30-60 degrees.
As a preference, the first and second liquid crystal compositions are,
the urea content in the S20 coated urea is more than or equal to 88wt%;
the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the C40 coated compound fertilizer to the C80 coated compound fertilizer is 25-12-8, and the coating mass fraction is less than or equal to 14wt%.
As a preference, the first and second liquid crystal compositions are,
the preparation method of the S20 coated urea comprises the following steps:
selecting granular urea with the particle size of 4-5 mm, heating the granular urea in a fluidized bed to 60-80 ℃, then weighing S20 coating materials according to the proportion, wherein the S20 coating materials account for 9-12 wt% of the S20 coating urea, preparing the S20 coating materials into S20 coating mucus, heating the S20 coating mucus to 105-115 ℃, spraying the S20 coating mucus on the granular urea in an atomizing spraying mode, drying and sieving the S20 coating urea with the particle size of 4-5 mm.
As a preference, the first and second liquid crystal compositions are,
the S20 coating material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
16-27 wt% of PBS resin, 1-2 wt% of sodium alkylsulfonate and the balance clay particles.
As a matter of preference,
the preparation method of the C40 coated compound fertilizer and the C80 coated compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
selecting a granular compound fertilizer with the grain size of 4-5 mm, heating the granular compound fertilizer in a fluidized bed to 60-80 ℃, then weighing a C40 coating material or a C80 coating material according to the proportion, wherein the C40 coating material or the C80 coating material respectively accounts for 11-14 wt% of the C40 coating compound fertilizer or the C80 coating compound fertilizer, preparing the C40 coating material or the C80 coating material into C40 coating mucilage or C80 coating mucilage, heating the C40 coating mucilage or the C80 coating mucilage to 105-115 ℃, spraying the C40 coating compound fertilizer or the C80 coating compound fertilizer on the granular compound fertilizer by adopting an atomization spraying mode, drying and sieving the C40 coating compound fertilizer or the C80 coating compound fertilizer with the grain size of 4-5 mm.
As a preference, the first and second liquid crystal compositions are,
the preparation method of the S25C105 coated compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
according to 220: (25-35): (65-75), mixing the urea particles and the water-soluble silicon fertilizer particles to prepare mixed particles, heating the mixed particles in a fluidized bed to 60-80 ℃, then weighing a C80 coating material according to the proportion, wherein the C80 coating material accounts for 11-14 wt% of the total mass of the C80 coating material and the mixed particles, preparing the C80 coating material into C80 coating mucus, heating the C80 coating mucus to 105-115 ℃, spraying the C80 coating mucus to the mixed particles in an atomizing spraying manner, drying, sieving and selecting particles with the particle size of 3-4 mm as silicon nitrogen fertilizer particles, mixing the silicon nitrogen fertilizer particles with chitosan and tapioca starch according to the mass ratio of 100: (6-8): (11-14), preparing S25 coating mucilage, heating to 105-115 ℃, spraying the S25 coating mucilage on the silicon nitrogen fertilizer particles in an atomizing spraying mode, drying, sieving and selecting the S25C105 coating compound fertilizer with the particle size of 3-4 mm.
As a preference, the first and second liquid crystal compositions are,
the C40 coating material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
2-3 wt% of chitosan, 26-31 wt% of PBS resin, 7-12 wt% of tapioca starch, 1-2 wt% of alkyl sodium sulfonate and the balance clay particles;
the C80 coating material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
3-4 wt% of chitosan, 16-27 wt% of PBS resin, 14-18 wt% of cassava starch, 1-2 wt% of alkyl sodium sulfonate and the balance clay particles.
A controlled release compound fertilizer for a one-time fertilization method of single-season late rice.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) According to the technical scheme, effective slow-release controlled release is realized through the linear release mode and the nonlinear release mode and the cooperation of lateral deep ploughing, and according to the nutrient requirement of single-season late rice, the nutrient release can be accurately realized in different growth periods and relatively large nutrient demand of rice, in addition, the technology of lateral deep ploughing can avoid the loss of nutrients, the nutrient release can be controlled to start to be released about 5 days before the estimated date, and the nutrients can be more effectively reserved due to the fact that the lateral deep ploughing is compared with the traditional ploughing mode after the nutrient release, so that the released nutrients can be effectively reserved, and fertility is accumulated to supply the late rice;
2) According to the technical scheme, microelements such as silicon and zinc are added, so that the rice anti-disease capability is remarkably improved, the plants are actively induced to generate spectrum resistance, the stress resistance of the rice crops can be improved to a certain extent, the morbidity of the rice crops is reduced, the growth of the rice crops is healthier, and the yield of the rice crops is improved;
3) The nutrient proportion is reasonable, the compound fertilizer granules used by the invention are all the existing granular compound fertilizers sold on the market, for the specific embodiment of the invention, the used compound fertilizer is a Strobile compound fertilizer (25-12-8 special fertilizer for rice), and for different varieties of single-season late rice, the regulation can be reasonably carried out according to the situation, namely the method has strong applicability;
4) The rice transplanting machine does not need additional fertilizer all the year round, only needs to apply fertilizer simultaneously during rice transplanting, is labor-saving and labor-saving, and reduces the rice production cost.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. Those skilled in the art will be able to practice the invention based on these descriptions. Moreover, the embodiments of the present invention described in the following description are generally only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Therefore, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specified, all the raw materials used in the examples of the present invention are commercially available or available to those skilled in the art; unless otherwise specified, the methods used in the examples of the present invention are all those known to those skilled in the art.
Unless otherwise stated, the granular compound fertilizers used in the examples of the present invention are all Strobilants compound fertilizers (25-12-8 special fertilizers for rice).
Example 1
A one-time fertilization method of single-season late rice,
the method comprises the following steps:
1) Land preparation: ploughing soil 10 days before transplanting rice, controlling the ploughing depth to be 10cm, moistening the field with pure water 5 days after ploughing, controlling the solution level to be about 2cm higher than furrow soil in the process, and then leveling the field to finish land preparation;
2) And (3) precipitation: after soil preparation is finished, soil precipitation is carried out;
3) Fertilizing: the controlled-release compound fertilizer is applied while transplanting rice, the base fertilizer is applied by side deep digging at 45 degrees, the side deep digging is used for controlling the fertilizing position to be within 5cm from the rice root level, and the fertilizing position is 5cm deep.
In this embodiment, the controlled release compound fertilizer comprises:
8 parts of ammonium phosphate; 7 parts of potassium chloride; s20, 8 parts of coated urea; 24 parts of C40 coated compound fertilizer; 17 parts of C80 coating compound fertilizer; 12 parts of S25C105 coated compound fertilizer; 2.5 parts of EDTA chelated zinc; 5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer;
the preparation method of the S20 coated urea comprises the following steps:
selecting granular urea with the particle size of 4-5 mm, heating the granular urea in a fluidized bed to 75 ℃, then weighing S20 coating materials according to the proportion, wherein the S20 coating materials account for 11wt% of the S20 coated urea, adding the S20 coating materials into a tetrachloromethane/tetrachloroethane (mass ratio of 1:1) mixed solution with the mass of 8 times of the S20 coating materials, uniformly mixing to prepare S20 coating mucilage, heating the S20 coating mucilage to 110 ℃, spraying the S20 coating mucilage on the granular urea in an atomizing spraying manner, drying and sieving to select the S20 coated urea with the particle size of 4-5 mm;
the S20 coating material consisted of 22wt% PBS resin, 1.5wt% sodium alkyl sulfonate, and the balance diatomaceous earth;
tests show that the nutrient release rate of S20 coated urea is more than 75wt% by sampling detection 20 days after application;
the preparation method of the C40 coated compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
selecting a granular compound fertilizer with the grain diameter of 4-5 mm, heating the granular compound fertilizer to 75 ℃ in a fluidized bed, then weighing a C40 coating material according to the proportion, wherein the C40 coating material accounts for 12wt% of the C40 coated compound fertilizer, adding the C40 coating material into a tetrachloromethane/tetrachloroethane (mass ratio of 1:1) mixed solution with the mass of 8 times of the C40 coating material, uniformly mixing to prepare C40 coating mucilage, heating the coating mucilage to 110 ℃, spraying the coating mucilage onto the granular compound fertilizer by adopting an atomization spraying mode, drying and sieving to select the C40 coated compound fertilizer with the grain diameter of 4-5 mm;
the C40 coating material consists of 2.5wt% of chitosan, 28wt% of PBS resin, 7.5wt% of cassava starch, 1.5wt% of sodium alkyl sulfonate and the balance of diatomite;
tests show that the nutrient release rate of the C40 coating material is less than or equal to 12wt% after 35d sampling detection after application, and the nutrient release rate of the C40 coating material is more than 79wt% after 45d sampling detection;
the preparation method of the C80 coated compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
selecting a granular compound fertilizer with the grain diameter of 4-5 mm, heating the granular compound fertilizer to 75 ℃ in a fluidized bed, then weighing a C80 coating material according to the proportion, wherein the C80 coating material accounts for 12wt% of the C80 coated compound fertilizer, adding the C80 coating material into a tetrachloromethane/tetrachloroethane (mass ratio of 1:1) mixed solution with the mass of 8 times of the C80 coating material, uniformly mixing to prepare C80 coating mucilage, heating the C80 coating mucilage to 110 ℃, spraying the C80 coating mucilage onto the granular compound fertilizer by adopting an atomization spraying mode, drying and sieving to select the C80 coated compound fertilizer with the grain diameter of 4-5 mm;
the C80 coating material consists of 3.5wt% of chitosan, 22wt% of PBS resin, 16.5wt% of tapioca starch, 1.5wt% of sodium alkyl sulfonate and the balance of clay particles;
tests show that the nutrient release rate of the C80 coating material is less than or equal to 13wt% by sampling detection at 75 days after application, and the nutrient release rate of the C80 coating material is more than 81wt% by sampling detection at 85 days;
the preparation method of the S25C105 coated compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
according to 220:30:70, mixing the urea particles and the water-soluble silicon fertilizer particles to prepare mixed particles, heating the mixed particles to 75 ℃ in a fluidized bed, then weighing a C80 coating material according to the proportion, wherein the C80 coating material accounts for 12wt% of the total mass of the C80 coating material and the mixed particles, adding the C80 coating material into a mixed solution of tetrachloromethane and tetrachloroethane (the mass ratio is 1:1) which is 8 times of the mass of the C80 coating material, uniformly mixing the mixed solution to prepare C80 coating mucus, heating the mucus to 110 ℃, spraying the mucus onto the mixed particles in an atomization spraying manner, drying, sieving and selecting particles with the particle size of 3-4 mm as silicon nitrogen fertilizer particles, and mixing the citric-soluble silicon fertilizer particles, chitosan and tapioca starch in a mass ratio of 100:7:12, adding the mixed solution of tetrachloromethane and tetrachloroethane (the mass ratio is 1:1) of which is 8 times of the mass of the mixed solution, uniformly mixing to prepare S25 coating mucus, heating to 110 ℃, spraying the coating mucus on silicon nitrogen fertilizer particles in an atomization spraying manner, drying, sieving and selecting an S25C105 coating compound fertilizer with the particle size of 3-4 mm;
tests show that the release rate of citrate soluble silicon fertilizer is more than or equal to 95wt% after 25d sampling test, the release rates of water soluble silicon fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer are less than 13wt% after 97d sampling test, and the release rate of 110d nutrient is more than or equal to 82wt% after application;
and uniformly mixing the ammonium phosphate, the potassium chloride, the S20 coated urea, the C40 coated compound fertilizer, the C80 coated compound fertilizer, the S25C105 coated compound fertilizer, the EDTA chelated zinc and the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and applying the mixture in an amount of 20 kilograms per mu.
Example 2
A one-time fertilization method of single-season late rice,
the method comprises the following steps:
1) Land preparation: ploughing the soil 10 days before transplanting the rice, controlling the ploughing depth to be 10cm, moistening the field with pure water 5 days after ploughing, controlling the solution level to be about 2cm higher than the furrow soil in the process, and then leveling the ground to finish soil preparation;
2) And (3) precipitation: after soil preparation is finished, soil precipitation is carried out;
3) Fertilizing: the controlled-release compound fertilizer is applied while transplanting rice, the base fertilizer is applied by side deep digging at 45 degrees, the side deep digging is used for controlling the fertilizing position to be within 5cm from the rice root level, and the fertilizing position is 5cm deep.
In this embodiment, the controlled-release compound fertilizer includes:
6 parts of ammonium phosphate; 6.5 parts of potassium chloride; s20, 7.5 parts of coated urea; 22 parts of C40 coating compound fertilizer; 14 parts of C80 coated compound fertilizer; s25, 11 parts of S25C105 coating compound fertilizer; 2 parts of EDTA chelated zinc; 4 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer;
the preparation method of the S20 coated urea comprises the following steps:
selecting granular urea with the particle size of 4-5 mm, heating the granular urea in a fluidized bed to 60 ℃, then weighing S20 coating materials according to the proportion, wherein the S20 coating materials account for 9wt% of the S20 coated urea, adding the S20 coating materials into a tetrachloromethane/tetrachloroethane (mass ratio of 1:1) mixed solution with the mass of 8 times of the S20 coating materials, uniformly mixing to prepare S20 coating mucilage, heating the S20 coating mucilage to 105 ℃, spraying the S20 coating mucilage on the granular urea in an atomizing spraying manner, drying and sieving to select the S20 coated urea with the particle size of 4-5 mm;
the S20 coating material consists of 169wt% PBS resin, 1wt% sodium alkylsulfonate and the balance of diatomaceous earth;
tests show that the nutrient release rate of the S20 coated urea is more than 79wt% by 20d sampling detection after application;
the preparation method of the C40 coated compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
selecting a granular compound fertilizer with the grain size of 4-5 mm, heating the granular compound fertilizer in a fluidized bed to 60 ℃, then weighing a C40 coating material according to the proportion, wherein the C40 coating material accounts for 11wt% of the C40 coating compound fertilizer, adding the C40 coating material into a mixed solution of tetrachloromethane and tetrachloroethane (the mass ratio is 1:1) with the mass of 8 times of that of the C40 coating material, uniformly mixing to prepare C40 coating mucus, heating the coating mucus to 105 ℃, spraying the coating mucus on the granular compound fertilizer in an atomizing spraying manner, drying and sieving to select the 40 coating compound fertilizer with the grain size of 4-5 mm;
the C40 coating material consists of 2wt% chitosan, 26wt% PBS resin, 7wt% tapioca starch, 1wt% sodium alkylsulfonate and the balance diatomaceous earth;
tests show that 35 days after application of the coating material show that the nutrient release rate of the C40 coating material is less than or equal to 14.5wt%, and 45 days show that the nutrient release rate of the C40 coating material is more than 83wt%;
the preparation method of the C80 coated compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
selecting a granular compound fertilizer with the grain size of 4-5 mm, heating the granular compound fertilizer in a fluidized bed to 60 ℃, then weighing a C80 coating material according to the proportion, wherein the C80 coating material accounts for 11wt% of the C80 coating compound fertilizer, adding the C80 coating material into a mixed solution of tetrachloromethane and tetrachloroethane (the mass ratio is 1:1) with the mass of 8 times of that of the C80 coating material, uniformly mixing to prepare C80 coating mucus, heating the C80 coating mucus to 105 ℃, spraying the C80 coating mucus on the granular compound fertilizer in an atomizing spraying manner, drying and sieving to select a 40-coating compound fertilizer with the grain size of 4-5 mm;
said C80 coating material is composed of 3wt% chitosan, 169wt% PBS resin, 14wt% tapioca starch, 1wt% sodium alkylsulfonate and the balance clay particles;
tests show that the nutrient release rate of the C80 coating material is less than or equal to 15wt% by sampling detection at 75 days after application, and the nutrient release rate of the C80 coating material is more than 85wt% by sampling detection at 85 days;
the preparation method of the S25C105 coated compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
according to 220:25:65, mixing the urea particles and the water-soluble silicon fertilizer particles to prepare mixed particles, heating the mixed particles to 60 ℃ in a fluidized bed, then weighing a C80 coating material according to the proportion, wherein the C80 coating material accounts for 11wt% of the total mass of the C80 coating material and the mixed particles, adding the C80 coating material into a mixed solution of tetrachloromethane and tetrachloroethane (the mass ratio is 1:1) which is 8 times of the mass of the C80 coating material, uniformly mixing the mixed solution to prepare C80 coating mucus, heating the mucus to 105 ℃, spraying the mucus onto the mixed particles in an atomization spraying manner, drying, sieving and selecting particles with the particle size of 3-4 mm as silicon nitrogen fertilizer particles, and mixing the citric-soluble silicon fertilizer particles, chitosan and tapioca starch in a mass ratio of 100:6:11, adding tetrachloromethane/tetrachloroethane (the mass ratio is 1:1) mixed liquor of which the mass is 8 times that of the raw materials, uniformly mixing to prepare S25 coating mucilage, heating to 105 ℃, spraying the coating mucilage on silicon nitrogen fertilizer particles in an atomization spraying manner, drying, sieving and selecting the S25C105 coating compound fertilizer with the particle size of 3-4 mm;
tests show that the release rate of citrate soluble silicon fertilizer is more than or equal to 97wt% after 25d sampling test, the release rates of water soluble silicon fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer are less than 15.5wt% after 97d sampling test, and the release rate of 110d nutrient is more than or equal to 89wt% after application;
and uniformly mixing the ammonium phosphate, the potassium chloride, the S20 coated urea, the C40 coated compound fertilizer, the C80 coated compound fertilizer, the S25C105 coated compound fertilizer, the EDTA chelated zinc and the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and applying the mixture in an amount of 20 kilograms per mu.
Example 3
A one-time fertilization method of single-season late rice,
the method comprises the following steps:
1) Land preparation: ploughing soil 10 days before transplanting rice, controlling the ploughing depth to be 10cm, moistening the field with pure water 5 days after ploughing, controlling the solution level to be about 2cm higher than furrow soil in the process, and then leveling the field to finish land preparation;
2) And (3) precipitation: after soil preparation is finished, soil precipitation is carried out;
3) Fertilizing: the controlled-release compound fertilizer is applied while transplanting rice, the base fertilizer is applied by side deep digging at 45 degrees, the side deep digging is used for controlling the fertilizing position to be within 5cm from the rice root level, and the fertilizing position is 5cm deep.
In this embodiment, the controlled release compound fertilizer comprises:
9 parts of ammonium phosphate; 7.5 parts of potassium chloride; s20, 8.5 parts of coated urea; 26 parts of C40 coated compound fertilizer; 22 parts of C80 coated compound fertilizer; 13 parts of S25C105 coated compound fertilizer; 3 parts of EDTA chelated zinc; 6 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer;
the preparation method of the S20 coated urea comprises the following steps:
selecting granular urea with the grain size of 4-5 mm, heating the granular urea in a fluidized bed to 80 ℃, then weighing S20 coating materials according to the proportion, wherein the S20 coating materials account for 12wt% of the S20 coating urea, adding the S20 coating materials into a mixed solution of tetrachloromethane and tetrachloroethane (the mass ratio is 1:1) with the mass of 8 times of the S20 coating materials, uniformly mixing to prepare S20 coating mucilage, heating the S20 coating mucilage to 115 ℃, spraying the S20 coating mucilage onto the granular urea in an atomizing spraying manner, drying and sieving to select the S20 coating urea with the grain size of 4-5 mm;
the S20 coating material consists of 27wt% PBS resin, 2wt% sodium alkyl sulfonate and the balance of diatomite;
tests show that the nutrient release rate of the S20 coated urea is more than 72wt percent by 20 days after application
The preparation method of the C40 coated compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
selecting a granular compound fertilizer with the grain diameter of 4-5 mm, heating the granular compound fertilizer in a fluidized bed to 80 ℃, then weighing a C40 coating material according to the proportion, wherein the C40 coating material accounts for 14wt% of the C40 coated compound fertilizer, adding the C40 coating material into a tetrachloromethane/tetrachloroethane (mass ratio of 1:1) mixed solution with the mass of 8 times of the C40 coating material, uniformly mixing to prepare C40 coating mucilage, heating the coating mucilage to 115 ℃, spraying the coating mucilage on the granular compound fertilizer by adopting an atomization spraying mode, drying and sieving to select the 40 coated compound fertilizer with the grain diameter of 4-5 mm;
the C40 coating material consists of 3wt% of chitosan, 31wt% of PBS resin, 12wt% of cassava starch, 2wt% of sodium alkyl sulfonate and the balance of diatomite;
tests show that 35 days after application of the coating material show that the nutrient release rate of the C40 coating material is less than or equal to 10wt%, and 45 days show that the nutrient release rate of the C40 coating material is more than 76wt%;
the preparation method of the C80 coated compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
selecting a granular compound fertilizer with the grain diameter of 4-5 mm, heating the granular compound fertilizer to 80 ℃ in a fluidized bed, then weighing a C80 coating material according to the proportion, wherein the C80 coating material accounts for 14wt% of the C80 coated compound fertilizer, adding the C80 coating material into a tetrachloromethane/tetrachloroethane (mass ratio of 1:1) mixed solution with the mass of 8 times of the C80 coating material, uniformly mixing to prepare C80 coating mucilage, heating the coating mucilage to 115 ℃, spraying the C80 coating mucilage onto the granular compound fertilizer by adopting an atomization spraying mode, drying and sieving to select a 40-coated compound fertilizer with the grain diameter of 4-5 mm;
the C80 coating material consists of 4wt% of chitosan, 27wt% of PBS resin, 18wt% of cassava starch, 2wt% of sodium alkyl sulfonate and the balance of clay particles;
tests show that the nutrient release rate of the C80 coating material is less than or equal to 11wt% by sampling detection at 75 days after application, and the nutrient release rate of the C80 coating material is more than 80wt% by sampling detection at 85 days
The preparation method of the S25C105 coated compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
according to 220:35:75, mixing the urea particles and the water-soluble silicon fertilizer particles to prepare mixed particles, heating the mixed particles to 80 ℃ in a fluidized bed, then weighing a C80 coating material according to the proportion, wherein the C80 coating material accounts for 14wt% of the total mass of the mixed particles, adding the C80 coating material into a mixed solution of tetrachloromethane and tetrachloroethane (the mass ratio is 1:1) of which the mass is 8 times that of the mixed particles, uniformly mixing the mixed solution to prepare C80 coating mucilage, heating the mixed solution to 115 ℃, spraying the mixed particles in an atomization spraying manner, drying, sieving and selecting particles with the particle size of 3-4 mm as silicon nitrogen fertilizer particles, and mixing the silicon nitrate-soluble silicon fertilizer particles with chitosan and tapioca starch in a mass ratio of 100:8:14, adding tetrachloromethane/tetrachloroethane (the mass ratio is 1:1) mixed liquor of which the mass is 8 times that of the raw materials, uniformly mixing to prepare S25 coating mucilage, heating to 115 ℃, spraying the S25 coating mucilage on silicon nitrogen fertilizer particles in an atomization spraying mode, drying, sieving and selecting the S25C105 coating compound fertilizer with the particle size of 3-4 mm;
tests show that the release rate of citrate soluble silicon fertilizer is more than or equal to 93wt% after 25d sampling test, the release rates of water soluble silicon fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer are less than 11wt% after 97d sampling test, and the release rate of 110d nutrient is more than or equal to 80wt% after application;
and uniformly mixing the ammonium phosphate, the potassium chloride, the S20 coated urea, the C40 coated compound fertilizer, the C80 coated compound fertilizer, the S25C105 coated compound fertilizer, the EDTA chelated zinc and the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and applying the mixture in an amount of 20 kilograms per mu.
Comparative example 1
The same as example 1, except that:
and 3) applying the fertilizer by adopting a conventional soil mixing and fertilizing method.
Comparative example 2
The same as example 1, except that:
the controlled release compound fertilizer adopts the existing controlled release compound fertilizer (25-12-8, the total nutrient content is more than or equal to 45wt percent) of double cropping late rice, and the source of the controlled release compound fertilizer is Stricture chemical fertilizer GmbH.
Test site: a rice cultivation demonstration base in Shengzhou city in Zhejiang province.
The basic physicochemical properties of the soil are shown in the following table.
The same variety of single season late rice harvested by local farmers at the same period was used as a blank control (CK group).
Comparative experimental yield results are shown in the table below.
It was calculated that examples 1 to 3 can produce a significant yield-increasing effect as compared with the CK group. Compared with the comparative example 2, the controlled release fertilizer of the double cropping late rice adopted in the comparative example 2 has actual use effect even lower than the average yield value of daily farming, and shows that the controlled release fertilizer of single cropping rice and double cropping rice has great difference in actual use. Compared with the comparative example 1, the method has the advantages that although the same fertilizer is adopted, the early growth and development degrees are relatively close, and the yield and the rice quality are different, the effective utilization rate of nutrients in the controlled-release fertilizer can be greatly improved due to the fact that the controlled-release fertilizer is used in cooperation with a specific side deep application method, and rice crops can obtain more sufficient nutrients.
It can be seen that the controlled release compound fertilizer is a good basis for the technical scheme of the invention, but the effect which can be generated by the controlled release compound fertilizer can be further and obviously improved after the controlled release compound fertilizer is matched with a specific application method.
Claims (10)
1. A one-time fertilization method of single-season late rice, which is characterized in that,
the method comprises the following steps:
sequentially carrying out plowing, field wetting and flat land before transplanting, and transplanting and applying a controlled-release compound fertilizer after flat land is finished;
the controlled-release compound fertilizer comprises the following substances in parts by mass:
6-9 parts of ammonium phosphate; 6.5-7.5 parts of potassium chloride; s20, coating 7.5-8.5 parts of urea; 22-26 parts of C40 coated compound fertilizer; 14-22 parts of C80 coated compound fertilizer; 11-13 parts of S25C105 coated compound fertilizer; 2-3 parts of EDTA chelated zinc; 4-6 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer;
the release of the S20 coated urea is linear release, and the 20d nitrogen release rate after application is more than or equal to 72wt%;
the C40 coated compound fertilizer and the C80 coated compound fertilizer both contain nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, and the release is nonlinear release;
the nutrient release rate of the C40 coated compound fertilizer is not more than 15wt% 35d before application, and the nutrient release rate of the C40 coated compound fertilizer is not less than 75wt% 45d after application; the nutrient release rate of the C80 coated compound fertilizer is less than or equal to 15wt% in the first 72 days after application, and the nutrient release rate of the C80 coated compound fertilizer is more than or equal to 80wt% in the last 85 days after application; the S25C105 coated compound fertilizer contains a nitrogen fertilizer and a silicon fertilizer, wherein 65-75 wt% of the silicon fertilizer is linearly released 25 days before application, the 97d release rate of the rest of the silicon fertilizer and the nitrogen fertilizer is less than or equal to 15wt%, and the 110d nutrient release rate is more than or equal to 80wt%.
2. The method for fertilizing single-season late rice at one time as claimed in claim 1,
the plowing is carried out 7-10 days before transplanting rice seedlings, the plowing depth is controlled to be 10-15 cm, the field wetting days are controlled to be 3-5 days, and the water level used in field wetting is kept 2-3 cm higher than the furrow soil in the field wetting process.
3. The method for fertilizing single season late rice at one time as claimed in claim 1 or 2,
the transplanting and the application of the controlled-release compound fertilizer are carried out synchronously;
the controlled release compound fertilizer is applied by side deep digging, and the side deep digging control digging angle is 30-60 degrees.
4. The method for fertilizing the single-season late rice at one time as claimed in claim 1,
the urea content in the S20 coated urea is more than or equal to 88wt%;
the coating mass fraction of the C40 coating compound fertilizer and the C80 coating compound fertilizer is less than or equal to 14wt%.
5. The method for fertilizing single season late rice at one time as claimed in claim 1 or 4,
the preparation method of the S20 coated urea comprises the following steps:
selecting granular urea with the particle size of 4-5 mm, heating the granular urea in a fluidized bed to 60-80 ℃, then weighing S20 coating materials according to the proportion, wherein the S20 coating materials account for 9-12 wt% of the S20 coating urea, preparing the S20 coating materials into S20 coating mucus, heating the S20 coating mucus to 105-115 ℃, spraying the S20 coating mucus on the granular urea in an atomizing spraying mode, drying and sieving the S20 coating urea with the particle size of 4-5 mm.
6. The method for one-time fertilization of single-season late rice as claimed in claim 5,
the S20 coating material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
16-27 wt% of PBS resin, 1-2 wt% of alkyl sodium sulfonate and the balance of clay particles.
7. The method for fertilizing single-season late rice at one time as claimed in claim 1,
the preparation method of the C40 coated compound fertilizer and the C80 coated compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
selecting a granular compound fertilizer with the grain size of 4-5 mm, heating the granular compound fertilizer in a fluidized bed to 60-80 ℃, then weighing a C40 coating material or a C80 coating material according to the proportion, wherein the C40 coating material or the C80 coating material respectively accounts for 11-14 wt% of the C40 coating compound fertilizer or the C80 coating compound fertilizer, preparing the C40 coating material or the C80 coating material into C40 coating mucilage or C80 coating mucilage, heating the C40 coating mucilage or the C80 coating mucilage to 105-115 ℃, spraying the C40 coating compound fertilizer or the C80 coating compound fertilizer on the granular compound fertilizer by adopting an atomization spraying mode, drying and sieving the C40 coating compound fertilizer or the C80 coating compound fertilizer with the grain size of 4-5 mm.
8. The method for fertilizing single-season late rice at one time as claimed in claim 1,
the preparation method of the S25C105 coated compound fertilizer comprises the following steps:
according to 220: (25-35): (65-75), mixing the urea particles and the water-soluble silicon fertilizer particles to prepare mixed particles, heating the mixed particles in a fluidized bed to 60-80 ℃, then weighing a C80 coating material according to the proportion, wherein the C80 coating material accounts for 11-14 wt% of the total mass of the C80 coating material and the mixed particles, preparing the C80 coating material into C80 coating mucus, heating the C80 coating mucus to 105-115 ℃, spraying the C80 coating mucus to the mixed particles in an atomizing spraying manner, drying, sieving and selecting particles with the particle size of 3-4 mm as silicon nitrogen fertilizer particles, mixing the silicon nitrogen fertilizer particles with chitosan and tapioca starch according to the mass ratio of 100: (6-8): (11-14), preparing S25 coating mucilage, heating to 105-115 ℃, spraying the S25 coating mucilage on the silicon nitrogen fertilizer particles in an atomizing spraying mode, drying, sieving and selecting the S25C105 coating compound fertilizer with the particle size of 3-4 mm.
9. The method for one-time fertilization of single-season late rice as claimed in claim 7 or 8,
the C40 coating material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
2-3 wt% of chitosan, 26-31 wt% of PBS resin, 7-12 wt% of cassava starch, 1-2 wt% of alkyl sodium sulfonate and the balance of clay particles;
the C80 coating material comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
3-4 wt% of chitosan, 16-27 wt% of PBS resin, 14-18 wt% of cassava starch, 1-2 wt% of alkyl sodium sulfonate and the balance clay particles.
10. A controlled-release compound fertilizer for the one-time fertilization method of single-season late rice as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9.
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