CN111713353A - Cultivation method and application of glutinous sorghum for Maotai-flavor liquor - Google Patents
Cultivation method and application of glutinous sorghum for Maotai-flavor liquor Download PDFInfo
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- CN111713353A CN111713353A CN202010650147.0A CN202010650147A CN111713353A CN 111713353 A CN111713353 A CN 111713353A CN 202010650147 A CN202010650147 A CN 202010650147A CN 111713353 A CN111713353 A CN 111713353A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a cultivation method and application of glutinous sorghum for Maotai-flavor liquor. According to the method, through the control of land selection and preparation, variety selection, fertilization and sowing, pest control, weeding, topdressing and harvesting, the links of seedling raising, transplanting, thinning and field planting are omitted, the weeding frequency is reduced, the link of intertillage and hilling during topdressing is omitted, the labor and the time are saved, and the production cost can be reduced by more than 20%; the pest and disease damage is prevented and controlled in advance, and the prevention and control effect is increased by more than 10 percent; the large-area yield of the glutinous sorghum is more than 450 kg/mu, and the yield increase rate can reach more than 28 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a cultivation method and application of glutinous sorghum for Maotai-flavor liquor.
Background
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor l. moench) is a long-term cultivated cereal crop in china, and has various use values such as eating, feeding and brewing. The glutinous sorghum is a main raw material for brewing Maotai-flavor high-grade white spirit such as Maotai wine and the like, and plays an important role in the economic development of Chinese regions. Guizhou has a long brewing history and rich brewing culture, and the Maotai-flavor liquor industry is the traditional pillar industry of Guizhou province. In recent years, the Guizhou white spirit industry is rapidly increased, the industrial percentage in the whole province is increased year by year, and the Guizhou white spirit industry has developed into an important characteristic and dominant industry.
A plurality of white spirit production enterprises represented by Guizhou Maotai group Maotai spirit not only create wealth for society, but also increase income benefits for sorghum planting farmers, and simultaneously can fully drive upstream and downstream industrial chains to jointly develop, thereby making great contribution to economic development of the whole province for a long time.
At present, most of the glutinous sorghum planting for Maotai-flavor liquor in Guizhou province adopts ditching direct seeding and seedling transplanting, a large amount of manpower is consumed, and the production cost is high. In addition, most of pest control is concentrated after four-leaf stage of the glutinous sorghum, the control effect is not ideal, and the yield is about 350 kg/mu. Therefore, a simple and convenient cultivation technology of the glutinous sorghum for the Maotai-flavor liquor is established, and the cultivation technology has important significance for promoting the production of sorghum in China.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a cultivation method of glutinous sorghum for Maotai-flavor liquor, which is time-saving and labor-saving, can effectively prevent and treat plant diseases and insect pests while reducing production cost, and achieves the purposes of yield increase and efficiency increase.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following scheme:
the method comprises the following steps:
1) land selection and preparation: selecting a land block which is flat, ventilated and exposed to the sun, is non-acidic and is not continuously planted by sorghum, carrying out deep ploughing, carrying out rotary tillage by using a rotary cultivator after deep ploughed soil is dried in the sun, and finely raking and leveling the land block for later use;
2) the preferred variety is: selecting a good glutinous sorghum variety which accords with the brewing process of the Maotai-flavor liquor and is suitable for a local sorghum planting ecological area;
3) fertilizing and sowing, namely uniformly scattering phoxim and a compound fertilizer on the prepared farmland on a sunny day with the soil accumulated temperature being more than 10 ℃, rotating the phoxim and the compound fertilizer underground by using a rotary cultivator, then uniformly scattering glutinous sorghum seeds on the rotated farmland, and rotating the glutinous sorghum seeds underground by using the rotary cultivator;
4) and (3) pest control: spraying a bactericide and an insecticide on a sunny day;
5) weeding and topdressing: in the jointing stage of the glutinous sorghum, carrying out artificial weeding, and uniformly spreading urea on the cultivated land;
6) harvesting: and harvesting by using a harvester or manually when the seeds of the first branch on the shady side at the base of the 50% waxy sorghum plant spike reach physiological maturity.
Further, the time for deep ploughing in step 1) is 3 months and 15 days to 3 months and 30 days.
Further, the depth of deep ploughing in the step 1) is 20-25cm, and the depth of rotary tillage is 10-15 cm.
Further, the total starch of the sorghum variety in the step 2) is more than 66%, the amylopectin accounts for more than 88% of the total starch, and the tannin content is 1% -2%.
Further, the sorghum variety in the step 2) is a glutinous sorghum variety Honglifeng No. 1.
Specifically, a glutinous sorghum variety red sorghum Feng 1 is selected, is approved by the Guizhou province crop variety approval Committee (Qian examine sorghum 2016002) in 2016, and is registered by a non-main crop variety of Ministry of agriculture in 2017 [ GPD sorghum (2017)520029], the total starch content is 81.77%, the proportion of amylopectin to the total starch is 91.47%, the tannin content is 1.40%, and the glutinous sorghum rice wine is resistant to cooking, turning and gelatinization and conforms to the Maotai-flavor liquor brewing process and is suitable for a local sorghum brewing ecological area.
Further, the fertilizing time in the step 3) is 4 months and 1 day to 4 months and 15 days.
Further, the compound fertilizer in the step 3) contains 15% of N, 515% of P2O and 15% of K2O 15%, the phoxim and the compound fertilizer are uniformly spread on the ground by a rotary cultivator at 8-10cm, the application rate of the phoxim is 1-1.5 m/mu, the fertilization rate is 45-50 kg/mu, then the glutinous sorghum seeds are uniformly spread on the well spread farmland, the glutinous sorghum seeds are spread on the ground by the rotary cultivator at 3-5cm, and the sowing rate of the glutinous sorghum seeds is 0.75-1 kg/mu.
Further, in the step 4), in the period from two leaves to three leaves of the glutinous sorghum, 15:00-18:00 of a sunny day is selected, and a bactericide and an insecticide are sprayed, wherein the bactericide is carbendazim with the concentration of 50 percent, the dosage is 100 g/mu, 50 kg of water is added, the insecticide is abamectin with the concentration of 1.8 percent, the dosage is 25 g/mu, and 50 kg of water is added.
Further, the application amount of the urea in the step 5) is 35-40 kg/mu.
The invention also provides application of the cultivation method of the glutinous sorghum for the Maotai-flavor liquor in preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of the glutinous sorghum and improving the yield.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the cultivation method of the glutinous sorghum for the Maotai-flavor liquor, provided by the invention, omits the links of seedling raising, transplanting, thinning and field planting, reduces weeding times, omits the link of intertillage and hilling during topdressing, saves labor and time, and can reduce the production cost by more than 20%; the pest and disease damage is prevented and controlled in advance, and the prevention and control effect is increased by more than 10 percent; the large-area yield of the glutinous sorghum is more than 450 kg/mu, and the yield increase rate can reach more than 28 percent.
Detailed Description
The examples are given for the purpose of better illustration of the invention, but the invention is not limited to the examples. Therefore, those skilled in the art should make insubstantial modifications and adaptations to the embodiments of the present invention in light of the above teachings and remain within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
(1) Land selection and preparation
Selecting a relatively flat land with ventilation and sunny appearance, which is forbidden to be acidic and is forbidden to be used for sorghum continuous cropping in western show areas of Anshun city of Guizhou province, deeply ploughing by a large-horsepower tractor for 3-23 days in 2018, wherein the depth is 20-25cm, carrying out rotary tillage by a micro rotary cultivator after the deep ploughed soil is dried in the sun, and carrying out fine raking and leveling for later use;
(2) preferred variety
Selecting a glutinous sorghum variety red sorghum Feng No. 1, wherein the glutinous sorghum variety is approved by the approval committee of the crop variety of Guizhou province (Qian examine sorghum 2016002) in 2016, and is registered by a non-main crop variety of Ministry of agriculture [ GPD sorghum (2017)520029] in 2017, wherein the total starch content is 81.77%, the proportion of amylopectin to the total starch is 91.47%, the tannin content is 1.40%, and the glutinous sorghum Feng is resistant to cooking, turning and pasting, conforms to the Maotai-flavor liquor brewing process, and is suitable for a local sorghum planting ecological area;
(3) fertilizing and seeding
In 2018, 4 and 12 months, phoxim and compound fertilizer (containing N15% and P) are added according to soil moisture and rainfall2O515％、K2O15%) and uniformly spreading the mixture on the prepared farmland, and rotating the phoxim and the compound fertilizer underground by a rotary cultivator for 8-10cm, wherein the application amount of the phoxim is 1 kg/mu, and the fertilizing amount is 50 kg/mu; then, uniformly scattering the glutinous sorghum seeds on the rotated farmland, and rotating the glutinous sorghum seeds underground by a rotary cultivator for 3-5cm, wherein the sowing amount of the glutinous sorghum seeds is 0.75 kg/mu;
(4) pest control
In the period from two leaves to three leaves of the glutinous sorghum, selecting a sunny day at 15:00-18:00, spraying a bactericide and an insecticide, wherein the bactericide is 50% carbendazim, the dosage is 100 g/mu, adding 50 kg of water, the insecticide is 1.8% abamectin, the dosage is 25 g/mu, and adding 50 kg of water;
(5) weeding and topdressing
In the jointing stage of the glutinous sorghum, carrying out artificial weeding, and uniformly spreading urea on a cultivated land, wherein the application amount of the urea is 35 kg/mu;
(6) harvesting at the right time
When the seeds of the first branch on the shady side at the base of the 50% glutinous sorghum plant spike reach physiological maturity, the seeds are harvested manually.
The advantages of this embodiment: by adopting the embodiment, the links of seedling raising, transplanting, thinning and field planting are omitted, the times of weeding are reduced, the link of intertillage and hilling during topdressing is omitted, the labor and the time are saved, and the production cost can be reduced by 24.86%; the pest and disease damage is prevented and controlled in advance, and the prevention and control effect is increased by 12.31 percent; the large-area yield of the glutinous sorghum is more than 478.53 kg/mu, and the yield increase rate reaches 29.37 percent.
Example 2
(1) Land selection and preparation
Selecting relatively flat, ventilated and sunny land blocks which are not acidic and are not suitable for continuous cropping of sorghum in Pudingcounty of Anshun city in Guizhou province, deep ploughing by using a high-horsepower tractor in 2019, 3 and 27 days, wherein the depth is 20-25cm, rotary tillage is carried out by using a micro rotary cultivator after the deep ploughed soil is dried in the sun, the depth is 10-15cm, and the land blocks are finely harrowed and leveled for later use;
(2) preferred variety
Selecting a glutinous sorghum variety red sorghum Feng No. 1, wherein the glutinous sorghum variety is approved by the approval committee of the crop variety of Guizhou province (Qian examine sorghum 2016002) in 2016, and is registered by a non-main crop variety of Ministry of agriculture [ GPD sorghum (2017)520029] in 2017, wherein the total starch content is 81.77%, the proportion of amylopectin to the total starch is 91.47%, the tannin content is 1.40%, and the glutinous sorghum Feng is resistant to cooking, turning and pasting, conforms to the Maotai-flavor liquor brewing process, and is suitable for a local sorghum planting ecological area;
(3) fertilizing and seeding
In 2019, 4 and 8 months, phoxim and compound fertilizer (containing N15% and P) are added according to soil moisture and rainfall2O515％、K2O15%) and uniformly spreading the mixture on the prepared farmland, and rotating the phoxim and the compound fertilizer underground by a rotary cultivator for 8-10cm, wherein the application amount of the phoxim is 1 kg/mu, and the fertilizing amount is 50 kg/mu; and then, uniformly scattering the glutinous sorghum seeds on the rotated farmland, and rotating the glutinous sorghum seeds underground by a rotary cultivator for 3-5cm, wherein the sowing amount of the glutinous sorghum seeds is 0.75 kg/mu.
(4) Pest control
In the period from two leaves to three leaves of the glutinous sorghum, selecting a sunny day at 15:00-18:00, spraying a bactericide and an insecticide, wherein the bactericide is 50% carbendazim, the dosage is 100 g/mu, adding 50 kg of water, the insecticide is 1.8% abamectin, the dosage is 25 g/mu, and adding 50 kg of water;
(5) weeding and topdressing
In the jointing stage of the glutinous sorghum, carrying out artificial weeding, and uniformly spreading urea on a cultivated land, wherein the application amount of the urea is 35 kg/mu;
(6) harvesting at the right time
And (3) harvesting by using a machine when the seeds of the first branch on the shady side at the base of the 50% waxy sorghum plant spike reach physiological maturity.
The advantages of this embodiment: by adopting the embodiment, the links of seedling raising, transplanting, thinning and field planting are omitted, the times of weeding are reduced, the link of intertillage and hilling during topdressing is omitted, the labor and the time are saved, and the production cost can be reduced by 25.47%; the pest and disease damage is prevented and controlled in advance, and the prevention and control effect is increased by 12.06%; the large-area yield of the glutinous sorghum is more than 505.14 kg/mu, and the yield increase rate reaches 30.31 percent.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The cultivation method of the glutinous sorghum for the Maotai-flavor liquor is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) land selection and preparation: selecting a land block which is flat, ventilated and exposed to the sun, is non-acidic and is not continuously planted by sorghum, carrying out deep ploughing, carrying out rotary tillage by using a rotary cultivator after deep ploughed soil is dried in the sun, and finely raking and leveling the land block for later use;
2) the preferred variety is: selecting a good glutinous sorghum variety which accords with the brewing process of the Maotai-flavor liquor and is suitable for a local sorghum planting ecological area;
3) fertilizing and sowing, namely uniformly scattering phoxim and a compound fertilizer on the prepared farmland on a sunny day with the soil accumulated temperature being more than 10 ℃, rotating the phoxim and the compound fertilizer underground by using a rotary cultivator, then uniformly scattering glutinous sorghum seeds on the rotated farmland, and rotating the glutinous sorghum seeds underground by using the rotary cultivator;
4) and (3) pest control: spraying a bactericide and an insecticide on a sunny day;
5) weeding and topdressing: in the jointing stage of the glutinous sorghum, carrying out artificial weeding, and uniformly spreading urea on the cultivated land;
6) harvesting: and harvesting by using a harvester or manually when the seeds of the first branch on the shady side at the base of the 50% waxy sorghum plant spike reach physiological maturity.
2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the time for deep ploughing in step 1) is 3 months and 15 days to 3 months and 30 days.
3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the deep ploughing in step 1) is 20-25cm, and the depth of the rotary tillage is 10-15 cm.
4. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sorghum variety of step 2) has a total starch content of more than 66%, an amylopectin content of more than 88% in the total starch, and a tannin content of 1% to 2%.
5. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sorghum variety of step 2) is a waxy sorghum variety red sorghum Feng No. 1.
6. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fertilization time in step 3) is 4 months and 1 day to 4 months and 15 days.
7. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound fertilizer in step 3) contains N15%, P2O 515% and K2O 15%, the phoxim and the compound fertilizer are spread 8-10cm underground by a rotary cultivator, the phoxim is applied at a rate of 1-1.5 m/mu, the applied fertilizer rate is 45-50 kg/mu, the glutinous sorghum seeds are spread evenly on the spread farmland, the glutinous sorghum seeds are spread 3-5cm underground by the rotary cultivator, and the sowing rate of the glutinous sorghum seeds is 0.75-1 kg/mu.
8. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 4), 15:00-18:00 of a sunny day is selected from a two-leaf period to a three-leaf period of the glutinous sorghum, a bactericide and an insecticide are sprayed, wherein the bactericide is carbendazim with a concentration of 50%, the dosage is 100 g/mu, 50 kg of water is added, the insecticide is abamectin with a concentration of 1.8%, the dosage is 25 g/mu, and 50 kg of water is added.
9. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the urea is applied in step 5) at an amount of 35-40 kg/mu.
10. Use of the method for cultivating waxy sorghum for maotai-flavor liquor according to any one of claims 1 to 9 for controlling pest and disease damage of waxy sorghum and improving yield.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113728912A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-12-03 | 贵州省旱粮研究所 | High-yield and stable-yield cultivation method for double-cropping glutinous sorghum |
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| CN104718927A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-06-24 | 张先国 | Sorghum planting method |
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- 2020-07-08 CN CN202010650147.0A patent/CN111713353A/en active Pending
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| CN103688706A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-04-02 | 南丹县农业局 | Three-dimensional one-cultivation-two-harvest high-yield brewing glutinous sorghum cultivation method |
| CN104718927A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-06-24 | 张先国 | Sorghum planting method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113728912A (en) * | 2021-08-03 | 2021-12-03 | 贵州省旱粮研究所 | High-yield and stable-yield cultivation method for double-cropping glutinous sorghum |
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Application publication date: 20200929 |