CN115299402A - Management method for shortening weaning time of piglets - Google Patents

Management method for shortening weaning time of piglets Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115299402A
CN115299402A CN202210799219.7A CN202210799219A CN115299402A CN 115299402 A CN115299402 A CN 115299402A CN 202210799219 A CN202210799219 A CN 202210799219A CN 115299402 A CN115299402 A CN 115299402A
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piglets
feed
weaning
parts
feeding
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何道领
陈红跃
朱燕
贺德华
李小琴
谭剑蓉
潘晓
郭宗义
吴平
雷培奎
王震
樊莉
甘玲
吕小华
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CHONGQING ANIMAL HUSBANDRY TECHNOLOGY EXTENSION STATION
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    • A23K—FODDER
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of livestock breeding, in particular to a management method for shortening the weaning time of piglets; the method comprises the following steps of prenatal feeding management of pregnant sows, lactation, weaning, early piglet weaning feeding management, feeding management and disease prevention and treatment. The method improves the survival rate of the piglets by selecting the sows which have good maternal property, strong lactation capacity, large number of born piglets, health, no diseases, vigorous sexual desire, no over-fatness or over-thinness for breeding, gradually adopts the feed of the sows in the lactation period to feed the piglets 3-4 weeks before the delivery of the pregnant sows, improves the nutrient intake of the pregnant sows, can improve the birth weight and the survival rate of the piglets, and greatly shortens the time required by the weaning of the piglets; 5-8% of animal fat supplement is added to the daily ration of the lactating sow in the lactation stage, and the energy density of the feed is improved by utilizing the animal fat supplement, so that the survival rate of the weaned piglet is greatly improved, and the weight of the sow in the lactation period can not be reduced too much, thereby influencing the production performance of the next fetus.

Description

Management method for shortening weaning time of piglets
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of livestock breeding, in particular to a management method for shortening weaning time of piglets.
Background
At present, china is a country with large production and consumption of live pigs, the scientific breeding of piglets plays a very important role in the whole live pig breeding process, the reduction of the death of the piglets and the improvement of the survival rate of the piglets become important links for improving the economic benefit of pig raising, and the piglet breeding method is one of the problems concerned by farmers. At present, the technology of early weaning piglets is also implemented in order to improve the breeding utilization rate of sows, the technology continuously advances the weaning days of the piglets from the traditional 60 days to the current 2 weeks, although the production benefit is obviously improved, the control of the suckling and the weaning of the piglets has defects, and different weaning modes are not selected according to the actual conditions of each piglet during the weaning, so that the piglets are easy to develop badly during the weaning.
Therefore, a management method for shortening the weaning time of the piglets is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a management method for shortening the weaning time of piglets, and aims to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a management method for shortening the weaning time of piglets comprises the following steps: pregnant sows are subjected to prenatal feeding management, lactation, weaning, early piglet weaning feeding management, feeding management and disease control;
the prenatal feeding management of the pregnant sows comprises the following steps:
selecting sows with good maternal property, strong lactation capacity, large number of born, health, no diseases, vigorous sexual desire, no over-fatness or over-emaciation as seeds, and eliminating the sows with little farrowing, low conception rate, poor maternal property, poor lactation performance and diseases in time; breeding the screened sows to obtain pregnant sows; conjecturing the delivery time of the pregnant sow according to the expected delivery period and the delivery symptoms of the pregnant sow and nursing correspondingly; feeding pregnant sows with feed for the pregnant sows 3-4 weeks before delivery till piglets are born, and gradually reducing the feeding proportion of the feed for the pregnant sows along with the increase of the day age until the feed for the pregnant sows is replaced by the feed for the lactating sows;
the nursing comprises the following steps:
adding 5-8% of animal fat supplementary feed into daily ration of lactating sow on postnatal day 1-postnatal week 2-3;
after-delivery-weaning, sucking milk for piglets for 4-5 times every day, and controlling the nursing times 4-6 days before weaning, and gradually reducing the nursing times from conventional 4-5 times of daily nursing to complete weaning; meanwhile, the piglets are fed every day on the 10 th day, and the feed intake is gradually increased along with the increase of the day age;
the weaning comprises:
carrying out piglet weaning management based on a batch weaning method, and dividing according to the weight of piglets, wherein littermates are screened, piglets with 7-8 kg of weight of littermates weaned are merged into the same heat-preservation, dry and clean nursing fence, piglets with 8-9 kg of weight of littermates weaned are merged into the same heat-preservation, dry and clean nursing fence, piglets with more than 9 kg of weight of littermates weaned are merged into the same heat-preservation, dry and clean nursing fence, piglets with less than 7 kg of weight of littermates weaned are continuously left at the side of the body, the lactation period of the piglets is prolonged, and sows are fed in different stalls until the weight of the piglets is more than or equal to 7 kg;
the early piglet weaning breeding management comprises the following steps:
the feed intake of piglets within one week after weaning is controlled, the piglets are fed for 4-6 times per day, the feeding is gradually transited to free feeding, the feeding is carried out 7-10 days after weaning, the feeding is carried out before weaning, and the feeding proportion of the feeding is gradually reduced along with the increase of the day age after weaning until the piglets are replaced by the feeding piglet feed.
Optionally, the pregnant sows are fed with the pregnant sow feed 3-4 weeks before delivery to the piglets, the feeding proportion of the pregnant sow feed is gradually reduced along with the increase of the day age until the piglets are replaced with the lactating sow feed, wherein the pregnant sows with the weight less than 150kg are fed for 3-4 times every day from 3-4 weeks before delivery to the piglets, 1000-1200g of the pregnant sows are fed for each time, and the pregnant sow feed is gradually replaced according to the feeding proportion of 3.6-4.7% of the lactating sow feed increased every day on the basis of keeping the original feeding total amount every day along with the increase of the day age until the piglets are completely replaced with the lactating sow feed; the pregnant sow with the weight of 150-180kg is fed 3-4 times per day from 3-4 weeks before delivery to piglet birth, 800-1000g is fed each time, and the feed of the pregnant sow is gradually replaced according to the feeding proportion of increasing 3.6-4.7% of the feed of the sow in the lactation period every day on the basis of keeping the original feeding total amount every day along with the increase of the day age until the feed of the sow in the lactation period is completely replaced; the pregnant sow with the weight of more than 180kg is fed 3-4 times a day from 3-4 weeks before delivery to piglet birth, 600-800g is fed each time, and the feed for the pregnant sow is gradually replaced according to the feeding proportion of increasing 3.6-4.7% of the feed for the pregnant sow in the lactation period every day on the basis of keeping the original feeding total amount every day along with the increase of the day age until the feed for the pregnant sow in the lactation period is completely replaced.
Optionally, the pregnant sow feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 54.55 parts of corn flour, 12 parts of fermented soybean meal, 3 parts of rapeseed meal, 25 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of premix for pregnant sows, 0.2 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2 part of lysine and 0.05 part of threonine, and 20g of neojinsaiwei and 20g of complex enzyme preparation are added into every 100 kg of feed for pregnant sows; the feed for the sows in the lactation period comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 49.55 parts of corn flour, 12 parts of fermented soybean meal, 10 parts of skimmed milk powder, 6 parts of fish meal, 13 parts of wheat bran, 3 parts of edible oil, 4 parts of premix for pregnant sows, 0.2 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2 part of lysine, 0.05 part of threonine and 2 parts of fish oil, and 20g of neojinsaiwei, 20g of complex enzyme preparation and 5-10% of health-care liquid are added into every 100 kg of feed for lactating sows.
Optionally, 5-8% of animal fat supplement is added into the daily ration of the lactating sow, wherein the animal fat supplement comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-50 parts of lard oil and 50-55 parts of beef tallow.
Optionally, the piglets are fed every day on the 10 th day, wherein the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 51.9 parts of yellow corn flour, 25 parts of dry whey powder, 8 parts of fermented soybean meal, 6 parts of spray-dried plasma powder, 5 parts of fish meal, 3 parts of lard, 0.6 part of stone powder, 0.4 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.05 part of lysine and 0.05 part of threonine, and 15g of neojinsaiwei and 10g of complex enzyme preparation are added into every 100 kg of supplementary materials; meanwhile, 3-5 times are fed every day from 10 days, the feeding amount is increased from small to large, 5 days are taken as a period, the first period is started, 5-10g is fed every time, and then 5-15g is added every time on the basis of the feeding amount in the previous period in every period until the feeding amount in every time does not exceed 60g at most before weaning, and 5-8g is added every time by 4 times every day in 3 days before weaning.
Optionally, the feeding density of the fence-separated feeding is as follows: the breeding density in the same nursing fence is 0.8-1 square meter per head, and the maximum number of each fence is 15.
Optionally, the feeding proportion of the supplementary feed is gradually reduced 11-15 days after weaning along with the increase of the daily age until the supplementary feed is replaced by the feed for feeding piglets, wherein 11-15 days after weaning, piglets are fed for 4-6 times a day, the amount of dry matter taken by the piglets per day accounts for 5% of the weight of the piglets per day, and the supplementary feed is gradually replaced according to the feeding proportion of increasing 5-6% of the feed for the piglets per day on the basis of keeping the original feeding total amount per day along with the increase of the daily age.
Optionally, the piglet feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 63.2 parts of yellow corn flour, 5 parts of dry whey powder, 25 parts of fermented soybean meal, 1 part of fish meal, 3 parts of lard, 1.5 parts of stone powder, 1 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.25 part of lysine and 0.05 part of threonine, and 20g of neojinsaiwei and 20g of complex enzyme preparation are added into every 100 kg of supplementary materials.
Optionally, the breeding management includes:
matching corresponding temperatures in the nursing cages according to piglets with different weights, wherein the temperature in the nursing cages of weaned piglets with the weight of 7-8 kg is kept at 25 ℃, and then is reduced by 1-2 ℃ every week until the temperature is 22 ℃; weaning a piglet with the weight of 8-9 kg, keeping the temperature in the nursing fence at 24 ℃, and then reducing the temperature by 1-2 ℃ every week until the temperature reaches 22 ℃; the nursing fence for the piglets with the weight of more than 9 kg for weaning keeps the temperature in the nursing fence at 23 ℃, then reduces the temperature by 1-2 ℃ every week until the temperature reaches 22 ℃, and the temperature in the nursing fence needs to be measured at the same height of the piglets.
Optionally, the disease control comprises immunization of sows and piglets and daily disinfection of delivery rooms.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The method improves the survival rate of the piglets by selecting the sows which have good maternal property, strong lactation capacity, large number of born piglets, health, no diseases, vigorous sexual desire, no over-fatness or over-thinness for breeding, gradually adopts the feed of the sows in the lactation period to feed the piglets 3-4 weeks before the delivery of the pregnant sows, improves the nutrient intake of the pregnant sows, can improve the birth weight and the survival rate of the piglets, and greatly shortens the time required by the weaning of the piglets;
(2) In order to improve the weaning weight of piglets and avoid excessive weight loss of sows in the lactation period, 5-8% of animal fat supplementary feed is added to the daily ration of the lactating sows in the lactation period, and the energy density of the feed is improved by utilizing the animal fat supplementary feed, so that the survival rate of the piglets after weaning can be greatly improved, and the weight of the sows in the lactation period can not be excessively reduced, thereby influencing the production performance of the next fetus;
(3) According to the invention, the piglets are weaned and managed based on the batch weaning method, and are divided according to the weights of the piglets, so that different weaning modes can be selected according to the actual conditions of each piglet on the basis of the technology of ensuring the weaning weight of the piglets, the nutrition of the piglets is ensured to be healthy, the growth speed of the piglets after weaning is higher, and the market-age is greatly reduced.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A management method for shortening the weaning time of piglets comprises the following steps: pregnant sows are subjected to prenatal feeding management, lactation, weaning, early piglet weaning feeding management, feeding management and disease control;
the prenatal feeding management of the pregnant sows comprises the following steps:
selecting sows with good maternal property, strong lactation capacity, large number of born, health, no diseases, vigorous sexual desire, no over-fatness or over-emaciation as seeds, and eliminating the sows with little farrowing, low conception rate, poor maternal property, poor lactation performance and diseases in time; breeding the screened sows to obtain pregnant sows; conjecturing the delivery time of the pregnant sow according to the expected delivery period and the delivery symptoms of the pregnant sow and nursing correspondingly; feeding pregnant sows with feed for the pregnant sows 3-4 weeks before delivery until the piglets are born, and gradually reducing the feeding proportion of the feed for the pregnant sows along with the increase of the day age until the feed for the pregnant sows is replaced by the feed for the lactating sows;
the nursing comprises the following steps:
adding 5% of animal fat supplementary materials into the daily ration of the lactating sow on the 1 st day after parturition and 2-3 weeks after parturition;
after-delivery-weaning, sucking milk for piglets for 4-5 times every day, and controlling the nursing times 4-6 days before weaning, and gradually reducing the nursing times from conventional 4-5 times of daily nursing to complete weaning; meanwhile, the piglets are fed every day on the 10 th day, and the feed intake is gradually increased along with the increase of the day age;
the weaning comprises:
carrying out piglet weaning management based on a batch weaning method, and dividing according to the weight of piglets, wherein littermates are screened, piglets with 7-8 kg of weight of littermates weaned are merged into the same heat-preservation, dry and clean nursing fence, piglets with 8-9 kg of weight of littermates weaned are merged into the same heat-preservation, dry and clean nursing fence, piglets with more than 9 kg of weight of littermates weaned are merged into the same heat-preservation, dry and clean nursing fence, piglets with less than 7 kg of weight of littermates weaned are continuously left at the side of the body, the lactation period of the piglets is prolonged, and sows are fed in different stalls until the weight of the piglets is more than or equal to 7 kg;
the early piglet weaning breeding management comprises the following steps:
the feed intake of piglets within one week after weaning is controlled, the piglets are fed for 4-6 times per day, the feeding is gradually transited to free feeding, the feeding is carried out 7-10 days after weaning, the feeding is carried out before weaning, and the feeding proportion of the feeding is gradually reduced along with the increase of the day age after weaning until the piglets are replaced by the feeding piglet feed.
Optionally, the pregnant sows are fed with the pregnant sow feed 3-4 weeks before delivery to the piglets, the feeding proportion of the pregnant sow feed is gradually reduced along with the increase of the day age until the piglets are replaced with the lactating sow feed, wherein the pregnant sows with the weight less than 150kg are fed for 3-4 times every day from 3-4 weeks before delivery to the piglets, 1000g of the pregnant sows are fed every time, and the pregnant sow feed is gradually replaced according to the feeding proportion of 3.6% of the feed added every day to the sows in the lactation period until the sows in the lactation period are completely replaced with the feed added every day on the basis of keeping the original feeding total amount every day along with the increase of the day age; the pregnant sow with the weight of 150-180kg is fed 3-4 times a day from 3-4 weeks before parturition to piglet birth, 800g is fed every time, and the feed of the pregnant sow is gradually replaced according to the feeding proportion of increasing 3.6% of the feed of the sow in the lactation period every day on the basis of keeping the original feeding total amount every day along with the increase of the day age until the feed of the sow in the lactation period is completely replaced; the pregnant sow with the weight of more than 180kg is fed 3-4 times a day from 3-4 weeks before delivery to piglet birth, 600g is fed every time, and along with the increase of the day age, the feed of the pregnant sow is gradually replaced according to the feeding proportion of increasing the feed of the lactating sow by 3.6% every day on the basis of keeping the original feeding total amount every day until the feed of the lactating sow is completely replaced.
Optionally, the pregnant sow feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 54.55 parts of corn flour, 12 parts of fermented soybean meal, 3 parts of rapeseed meal, 25 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of premix for pregnant sows, 0.2 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2 part of lysine and 0.05 part of threonine, and 20g of neojinsaiwei and 20g of complex enzyme preparation are added into each 100 kg of feed for the pregnant sows; the feed for the sows in the lactation period comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 49.55 parts of corn flour, 12 parts of fermented soybean meal, 10 parts of skimmed milk powder, 6 parts of fish meal, 13 parts of wheat bran, 3 parts of edible oil, 4 parts of premix for pregnant sows, 0.2 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2 part of lysine, 0.05 part of threonine and 2 parts of fish oil, and 20g of neojinsaiwei, 20g of complex enzyme preparation and 5 percent of health-care liquid are added into every 100 kg of feed for lactating sows.
Optionally, 5-8% of animal fat supplement is added into the daily ration of the lactating sow, wherein the animal fat supplement comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45 parts of lard and 55 parts of beef tallow; the piglet is fed every day on the 10 th day, wherein the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 51.9 parts of yellow corn meal, 25 parts of dry whey powder, 8 parts of fermented soybean meal, 6 parts of spray-dried plasma powder, 5 parts of fish meal, 3 parts of lard, 0.6 part of stone powder, 0.4 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.05 part of lysine and 0.05 part of threonine, and 15g of neojinsaiwei and 10g of compound enzyme preparation are added into every 100 kg of feed; meanwhile, feeding 3-5 times a day from 10 days, wherein the feeding amount is increased from a small amount to a large amount, 5 days are taken as a period, the first period is started, 5g is added for each time, and then 5g is added for each time on the basis of the feeding amount of the previous period in each period until the feeding amount of each time is not more than 60g at most before weaning, and 5g is added for each time by 4 times a day 3 days before weaning; the feeding density of the fence-separated feeding is as follows: the breeding density in the same nursing fence is 0.8 square meter per head, and the maximum number of each fence is 15; the feeding proportion of the supplementary feed is gradually reduced 11-15 days after weaning along with the increase of the day age until the supplementary feed is replaced by the feed for feeding piglets, wherein, the piglets are fed for 4-6 times every day 11-15 days after weaning, the dry substance amount fed by the piglets accounts for 5 percent of the weight of the piglets per day, and the supplementary feed is gradually replaced according to the feeding proportion of increasing the feed of the piglets by 5 percent per day on the basis of keeping the original total feeding amount per day along with the increase of the day age; the piglet feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 63.2 parts of yellow corn meal, 5 parts of dry whey powder, 25 parts of fermented soybean meal, 1 part of fish meal, 3 parts of lard, 1.5 parts of stone powder, 1 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.25 part of lysine and 0.05 part of threonine, and 20g of neojinsaiwei and 20g of complex enzyme preparation are added into every 100 kg of feed.
Further, the premix for the pregnant sows, which is disclosed by the invention, is a commercially available finished product, namely the premix for the pregnant sows produced by Hangzhou Bairuite feed science and technology Limited.
Further, the novel Jinsaiwei of the invention is a commercial finished product, namely the novel Jinsaiwei produced by Zhengzhou Sawei animal pharmaceutical industry.
Further, the complex enzyme preparation is a commercial finished product, and is a feed complex enzyme produced by Shandong FuwangJia Biotechnology Limited.
Further, the health-care liquid is a commercially available finished product, namely a vitality 99 starter produced by Nanning microbial science and technology Limited.
Furthermore, other components related to the invention are all commercial finished products.
Optionally, the raising management includes:
matching corresponding temperatures in the nursing cages according to piglets with different weights, wherein the temperature in the nursing cages of weaned piglets with the weight of 7-8 kg is kept at 25 ℃, and then is reduced by 1-2 ℃ every week until the temperature is 22 ℃; weaning a piglet with the weight of 8-9 kg, keeping the temperature in the nursing fence at 24 ℃, and then reducing the temperature by 1-2 ℃ every week until the temperature reaches 22 ℃; the nursing fence for the piglets with the weight of more than 9 kg is used for maintaining the temperature in the nursing fence at 23 ℃, then reducing the temperature by 1-2 ℃ every week until the temperature reaches 22 ℃, and the temperature in the nursing fence needs to be measured at the same height of the piglets.
Optionally, the disease control comprises immunization of sows and piglets and daily disinfection of delivery rooms.
Further, the disease control related to the invention is the prior art, and includes but is not limited to the epidemic disease control step in the method for improving the survival rate and weaning weight of the delivery room piglets in CN 104904654B.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the prenatal feeding management, lactation, weaning, early piglet weaning management, feeding management and disease control management methods of pregnant sows are substantially the same, and the differences are that:
(1) The nursing comprises the following steps: adding 8% of animal fat supplementary feed into the daily ration of the lactating sow on the 1 st day after parturition and 2-3 weeks after parturition.
(2) Feeding pregnant sows with feed for the pregnant sows from 3-4 weeks before delivery to the birth of piglets, gradually reducing the feeding proportion of the feed for the pregnant sows along with the increase of the day age until the feed for the pregnant sows is replaced by the feed for the lactating sows, wherein the pregnant sows with the body weight less than 150kg are fed for 3-4 times every day from 3-4 weeks before delivery to the birth of piglets, feeding 1200g every time, and gradually replacing the feed for the pregnant sows according to the feeding proportion of increasing 4.7% of the feed for the lactating sows every day on the basis of keeping the original feeding total amount every day along with the increase of the day age until the feed for the lactating sows is completely replaced; the pregnant sow with the weight of 150-180kg is fed for 3-4 times every day and 1000g every time from 3-4 weeks before delivery to piglet birth, and the feed of the pregnant sow is gradually replaced according to the feeding proportion of increasing 4.7 percent of the feed of the sow in the lactation period every day on the basis of keeping the original feeding total amount every day along with the increase of the day age until the feed of the sow in the lactation period is completely replaced; the pregnant sow with the weight of more than 180kg is fed 3-4 times a day and 800g each time from 3-4 weeks before delivery to piglet birth, and the feed of the pregnant sow is gradually replaced according to the feeding proportion of increasing 4.7 percent of the feed of the sow in the lactation period every day on the basis of keeping the original feeding total amount every day along with the increase of the day age until the feed of the sow in the lactation period is completely replaced.
(3) The feed for the sows in the lactation period comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 49.55 parts of corn flour, 12 parts of fermented soybean meal, 10 parts of skimmed milk powder, 6 parts of fish meal, 13 parts of wheat bran, 3 parts of edible oil, 4 parts of premix for pregnant sows, 0.2 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2 part of lysine, 0.05 part of threonine and 2 parts of fish oil, and 20g of neojinsaiwei, 20g of complex enzyme preparation and 10 percent of health-care liquid are added into every 100 kg of feed for the lactating sows.
(4) Adding 5-8% of animal fat supplement into the daily ration of a lactating sow, wherein the animal fat supplement comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of lard oil and 50 parts of beef tallow.
(5) Feeding 3-5 times a day from 10 days, wherein the feeding amount is increased from less to more, taking 5 days as a period, starting the first period and 10g for each time, then increasing 15g for each time on the basis of the feeding amount in the previous period, until the feeding amount is not more than 60g for each time before weaning, and feeding 4 times a day for 8g for 3 days before weaning.
(6) The breeding density in the same nursing fence is 1 square meter per head, and the maximum number of the breeding heads in each fence is 15.
(7) The piglets are fed for 4-6 times a day 11-15 days after weaning, the dry matter amount fed by the piglets accounts for 5% of the weight of the piglets per day, and the feeding is gradually replaced according to the feeding proportion of 6% of the piglet feed increased per day on the basis of keeping the original feeding total amount per day with the increase of the daily age.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the prenatal feeding management, lactation, weaning, early piglet weaning feeding management, feeding management and disease control management methods of pregnant sows are substantially the same, and the differences are as follows:
(1) The nursing comprises the following steps: adding 7% of animal fat supplementary feed into the daily ration of the lactating sow on the 1 st day after parturition and 2-3 weeks after parturition.
(2) Feeding pregnant sows with feed for the pregnant sows from 3-4 weeks before delivery to the birth of piglets, gradually reducing the feeding proportion of the feed for the pregnant sows along with the increase of the day age until the feed for the pregnant sows is replaced by the feed for the lactating sows, wherein the pregnant sows with the body weight less than 150kg are fed for 3-4 times every day from 3-4 weeks before delivery to the birth of piglets, feeding 1100g every time, and gradually replacing the feed for the pregnant sows according to the feeding proportion of increasing 4% of the feed for the lactating sows every day on the basis of keeping the original feeding total amount every day along with the increase of the day age until the feed for the lactating sows is completely replaced; the pregnant sow with the weight of 150-180kg is fed 3-4 times a day and 900g each time from 3-4 weeks before delivery to piglet birth, and the feed of the pregnant sow is gradually replaced according to the feeding proportion of 4 percent of the feed of the sow in the lactation period increased every day on the basis of keeping the original feeding total amount every day along with the increase of the day age until the feed of the sow in the lactation period is completely replaced; the pregnant sow with the weight of more than 180kg is fed 3-4 times a day from 3-4 weeks before delivery to piglet birth, 700g is fed every time, and along with the increase of the day age, the pregnant sow feed is gradually replaced according to the feeding proportion of increasing 4% of the feed of the lactating sow every day on the basis of keeping the original feeding total amount every day until the pregnant sow feed is completely replaced.
(3) The feed for the sows in the lactation period comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 49.55 parts of corn flour, 12 parts of fermented soybean meal, 10 parts of skimmed milk powder, 6 parts of fish meal, 13 parts of wheat bran, 3 parts of edible oil, 4 parts of premix for pregnant sows, 0.2 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2 part of lysine, 0.05 part of threonine and 2 parts of fish oil, and 20g of neojinsaiwei, 20g of complex enzyme preparation and 8 percent of health-care liquid are added into every 100 kg of feed for lactating sows.
(4) Adding 5-8% of animal fat supplement into the daily ration of a lactating sow, wherein the animal fat supplement comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 48 parts of lard and 52 parts of beef tallow.
(5) Feeding 3-5 times a day from 10 days, wherein the feeding amount is increased from less to more, taking 5 days as a period, starting the first period and 8g for each time, then each period, and increasing 10g for each time on the basis of the feeding amount in the previous period until the feeding amount is not more than 60g for each time before weaning, and feeding 4 times a day for 3 days before weaning, and feeding 7g for each time.
(6) The breeding density in the same nursing fence is 0.9 square meter/head, and the maximum number in each fence is 15.
(7) The piglets are fed for 4-6 times a day 11-15 days after weaning, the dry matter amount fed by the piglets accounts for 5% of the weight of the piglets per day, and the feeding is gradually replaced according to the feeding proportion of increasing 5.5% of the piglet feed per day on the basis of keeping the original feeding total amount per day with the increase of the daily age.
Comparative example 1
In the comparison example, the prenatal feeding management, the lactation, weaning, early piglet weaning management, the feeding management and the disease control management methods of the pregnant sows are the same, and the differences are that: the nursing comprises the following steps: no additional animal fat feed was added to the daily ration of lactating sows on day 1 postnatal-2-3 weeks post-natal.
Comparative example 2
In the comparison example, the prenatal feeding management, the lactation management, the weaning management, the early piglet weaning management, the feeding management and the disease prevention management methods of the pregnant sows are approximately the same, and the differences are that: the feed for pregnant sows is directly replaced by the feed for the sows in the lactation period 3-4 weeks before the delivery of the pregnant sows until the piglets are born, and the sows are fed for 3-4 times a day without the weight of the sows, and 1000g of the sows are fed for each time.
Comparative example 3
In this comparative example, the pregnant sows were fed with commercially available feeds, which were a feed for lactating sows and a feed for pregnant sows produced by the shin san feed ltd, tianjin, and the feeding rules were the same as in example 1, but in the lactation period, no additional feed was added to piglets and 5-8% of an animal fat feed was added to the daily ration for lactating sows, and at the same time, a piglet feed (which was a piglet feed produced by the shin san feed ltd, tianjin) was fed after weaning, and the feeding rules were the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 4
In the comparison example, the prenatal feeding management, the lactation management, the weaning management, the early piglet weaning management, the feeding management and the disease prevention management methods of the pregnant sows are approximately the same, and the differences are that: during the lactation period, the piglets are not additionally fed.
350 Chinese Meishan pigs are adopted for the invention, are bred uniformly, are randomly divided into 7 groups, and are bred according to the above examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-4, wherein 50 pigs are obtained in each group.
TABLE 1 test results
Figure BDA0003736831510000111
As can be seen from table 1, in the test process, it is found that when the pregnant sow is fed by the method of comparative example 2, the sow is fed without dividing the body weight, so that the obesity of the sow in the later stage of pregnancy is promoted, and in combination with table 1, the obesity of the sow in the later stage of pregnancy aggravates the metabolic disorder of the sow in the perinatal period, reduces the number of live-born piglets, and has adverse effects on the intestinal health of the sow and the offspring thereof, and the obesity of the sow in the later stage of pregnancy aggravates the constipation condition, so that the piglets have low weight, weak piglets and the like; in addition, as can be seen from examples 1-3 and comparative example 1, the lactating sows can use the nutritional stores in the body to meet the requirement of milk production under the condition that nutrition is not applied, but the nutritional stores of the sows are limited, if too much nutrition is applied, the weight loss in the lactation period can be increased, the back fat thickness is reduced too much, the reduction of the milk yield of the sows can influence the weight gain of the suckling piglets, and the weaning time of the piglets for reaching the weaning weight is prolonged; meanwhile, as can be seen from the examples 1-3 and the comparative example 3, the feed for sows in the lactation period, the feed for pregnant sows, the feed for piglets and the management of the postweaning and lactation stages adopted by the invention can improve the birth weight of piglets, reduce the death rate of the piglets at the beginning and shorten the weaning time for the piglets to reach the weaning weight; as can be seen from the examples 1-3 and the comparative example 4, the piglets are not additionally supplemented in the lactation period, so that the death rate of the supplemented piglets is higher than that of the unsupplemented piglets, mainly because the supplemented piglets can reduce the feed conversion stress after weaning, and the supplementation in the lactation period can help to reduce the influence of the factors and effectively reduce the over-stress death phenomenon of the piglets caused by the feed conversion.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A management method for shortening the weaning time of piglets is characterized by comprising the following steps: pregnant sows are subjected to prenatal feeding management, lactation, weaning, early piglet weaning feeding management, feeding management and disease control;
the prenatal feeding management of the pregnant sows comprises the following steps:
selecting sows with good maternal property, strong lactation capacity, large number of born pigs, health, no disease, vigorous sexual desire, no over-fatness or over-emaciation as seeds, and timely eliminating the sows with less farrowing, low conception rate, poor maternal property, poor lactation performance and diseases; breeding the screened sows to obtain pregnant sows; presuming the sow delivery time according to the estimated delivery period and the delivery signs of the pregnant sow and correspondingly nursing; feeding pregnant sows with feed for the pregnant sows 3-4 weeks before delivery till piglets are born, and gradually reducing the feeding proportion of the feed for the pregnant sows along with the increase of the day age until the feed for the pregnant sows is replaced by the feed for the lactating sows;
the nursing comprises the following steps:
adding 5-8% of animal fat supplementary feed into daily ration of lactating sow on postnatal day 1-postnatal week 2-3;
postnatal-weaning, sucking milk for piglets for 4-5 times per day, controlling the nursing times 4-6 days before weaning, and gradually reducing the nursing times from conventional 4-5 times per day to complete weaning; meanwhile, the piglets are fed with the feed every day on the 10 th day, and the feed intake is gradually increased along with the increase of the age in days;
the weaning comprises the following steps:
carrying out piglet weaning management based on a batch weaning method, and dividing according to the weight of piglets, wherein littermates are screened, piglets with 7-8 kg of weight of littermates weaned are merged into the same heat-preservation, dry and clean nursing fence, piglets with 8-9 kg of weight of littermates weaned are merged into the same heat-preservation, dry and clean nursing fence, piglets with more than 9 kg of weight of littermates weaned are merged into the same heat-preservation, dry and clean nursing fence, piglets with less than 7 kg of weight of littermates weaned are continuously left at the side of the body, the lactation period of the piglets is prolonged, and sows are fed in different stalls until the weight of the piglets is more than or equal to 7 kg;
the early piglet weaning breeding management comprises the following steps:
and controlling the feed intake of piglets within one week after weaning, feeding for 4-6 times per day, gradually changing to free feed intake, feeding the piglets with the feed supplement before weaning for 7-10 days after weaning, and gradually reducing the feed supplement feeding proportion along with the increase of day age after weaning until the piglets are replaced with the feed for feeding piglets.
2. The management method for shortening the weaning time of piglets as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pregnant sows are fed with the pregnant sow feed 3-4 weeks before delivery until the piglets are born, the feeding proportion of the pregnant sow feed is gradually reduced along with the increase of the day age until the pregnant sows are replaced with the lactation sow feed, wherein the pregnant sows with the weight of less than 150kg are fed 3-4 times per day from 3-4 weeks before delivery until the piglets are born, and are fed with 1000-1200g per time, and the pregnant sow feed is gradually replaced according to the feeding proportion of 3.6-4.7% of the lactation sow feed per day on the basis of keeping the original feeding total amount per day along with the increase of the day age until the lactating sows feed is completely replaced; the pregnant sow with the weight of 150-180kg is fed 3-4 times per day from 3-4 weeks before delivery to piglet birth, 800-1000g is fed each time, and the feed of the pregnant sow is gradually replaced according to the feeding proportion of increasing 3.6-4.7% of the feed of the sow in the lactation period every day on the basis of keeping the original feeding total amount every day along with the increase of the day age until the feed of the sow in the lactation period is completely replaced; the pregnant sow with the weight of more than 180kg is fed 3-4 times per day from 3-4 weeks before delivery to piglet birth, and is fed 600-800g per time, and the feed of the pregnant sow is gradually replaced according to the feeding proportion of increasing 3.6-4.7% of the feed of the sow in the lactation period every day on the basis of keeping the original feeding total amount every day along with the increase of the day age until the feed of the sow in the lactation period is completely replaced.
3. The management method for shortening the weaning time of piglets as claimed in claim 2, wherein the pregnant sow feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 54.55 parts of corn flour, 12 parts of fermented soybean meal, 3 parts of rapeseed meal, 25 parts of wheat bran, 5 parts of premix for pregnant sows, 0.2 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2 part of lysine and 0.05 part of threonine, and 20g of neojinsaiwei and 20g of complex enzyme preparation are added into each 100 kg of feed for the pregnant sows; the feed for the sows in the lactation period comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 49.55 parts of corn flour, 12 parts of fermented soybean meal, 10 parts of skimmed milk powder, 6 parts of fish meal, 13 parts of wheat bran, 3 parts of edible oil, 4 parts of premix for pregnant sows, 0.2 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.2 part of lysine, 0.05 part of threonine and 2 parts of fish oil, and 20g of neojinsaiwei, 20g of complex enzyme preparation and 5-10% of health-care liquid are added into every 100 kg of feed for lactating sows.
4. The management method for shortening the weaning time of piglets as claimed in claim 1, wherein 5-8% of animal fat supplement is added to the daily ration of lactating sows, wherein the animal fat supplement comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-50 parts of lard oil and 50-55 parts of beef tallow.
5. The management method for shortening the weaning time of piglets according to claim 1, wherein the piglets are fed with the feed every day on day 10, wherein the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 51.9 parts of yellow corn flour, 25 parts of dry whey powder, 8 parts of fermented soybean meal, 6 parts of spray-dried plasma powder, 5 parts of fish meal, 3 parts of lard, 0.6 part of stone powder, 0.4 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.05 part of lysine and 0.05 part of threonine, and 15g of neojinsaiwei and 10g of complex enzyme preparation are added into every 100 kg of supplementary materials; meanwhile, feeding 3-5 times a day from 10 days, wherein the feeding amount is increased from less to more, 5 days are taken as a period, the first period is started, 5-10g is added for each time, and in the following period, 5-15g is added for each time on the basis of the feeding amount in the previous period until the feeding amount in each time is not more than 60g at most before weaning, and in addition, 4 times are added for each time 3 days before weaning, and 5-8g is added for each time.
6. The management method for shortening the weaning time of piglets according to claim 1, wherein the feeding density for raising the piglets in different columns is as follows: the breeding density in the same nursing fence is 0.8-1 square meter per head, and the maximum number in each fence is 15.
7. The management method for shortening the weaning time of piglets according to claim 1, wherein the feeding proportion of the feed supplement is gradually reduced from 11 to 15 days after weaning as the day age increases until the feed is replaced with the feed for feeding piglets, wherein the piglets are fed 4 to 6 times a day 11 to 15 days after weaning, the dry matter amount fed by the piglets is 5% of their body weight per day, and the feed supplement is gradually replaced according to the feeding proportion of 5 to 6% of the feed for feeding piglets which is increased per day on the basis of keeping the original feeding total amount per day as the day age increases.
8. The management method for shortening the weaning time of piglets according to claim 7, wherein the piglet feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 63.2 parts of yellow corn meal, 5 parts of dry whey powder, 25 parts of fermented soybean meal, 1 part of fish meal, 3 parts of lard, 1.5 parts of stone powder, 1 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.25 part of lysine and 0.05 part of threonine, and 20g of neojinsaiwei and 20g of complex enzyme preparation are added into every 100 kg of feed.
9. The management method for shortening the weaning time of piglets according to claim 1, wherein the feeding management comprises:
matching corresponding temperatures in the nursing cages according to piglets with different weights, wherein the temperature in the nursing cages of weaned piglets with the weight of 7-8 kg is kept at 25 ℃, and then is reduced by 1-2 ℃ every week until the temperature is 22 ℃; weaning a piglet with the weight of 8-9 kg, keeping the temperature in the nursing fence at 24 ℃, and then reducing the temperature by 1-2 ℃ every week until the temperature reaches 22 ℃; the nursing fence for the piglets with the weight of more than 9 kg is used for maintaining the temperature in the nursing fence at 23 ℃, then reducing the temperature by 1-2 ℃ every week until the temperature reaches 22 ℃, and the temperature in the nursing fence needs to be measured at the same height of the piglets.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the disease control includes immunization of sows and piglets and daily disinfection of delivery rooms.
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Application publication date: 20221108