CN105075983B - Feeding method for improving sow breeding quality - Google Patents

Feeding method for improving sow breeding quality Download PDF

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CN105075983B
CN105075983B CN201510576051.3A CN201510576051A CN105075983B CN 105075983 B CN105075983 B CN 105075983B CN 201510576051 A CN201510576051 A CN 201510576051A CN 105075983 B CN105075983 B CN 105075983B
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CN105075983A (en
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陈建成
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Henan Zhengben Qingyuan Technology Development Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
    • A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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Abstract

The invention relates to the field of animal feeding, in particular to a feeding method for improving the breeding quality of sows. Aiming at the characteristics of sow growth and the problems existing in the sow feeding process at the present stage, the invention aims to provide a feeding method for improving the breeding quality of sows, which can effectively improve the survival rate of piglets, and has uniform farrowing weight, few weak piglets and large litter size; the weight loss of the sows after weaning is less; the sow oestrous within 5-7 days after weaning; the feed intake of the sow in the lactation period is large, and the milk yield of the sow is high; the weight of the weaned piglet reaches more than 8.5 kilograms after 28 days of weaning; the sow is not constipation; the inflammation of the sow after delivery is less, and the sow is healthy; the oestrus rate of the sows after mating is low; the slaughtering time of the fattening pigs is shortened by 10 days; the service life of the sow is prolonged; the annual marketing number of the sows is increased.

Description

Feeding method for improving sow breeding quality
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of animal feeding, in particular to a feeding method for improving the breeding quality of sows.
Background
The sows are raised, and the purpose of improving the annual productivity of the sows is that one sow can provide more robust piglets per year.
Usually, the method is mainly started from the following three aspects
1. Effective measures are taken to shorten the interval time from the lactation period of the sows and the weaning to reseeding of the sows;
2. the number of live litters of the sows is increased;
3. the survival rate of the piglets is improved.
The purpose of improving the annual productivity of the sows can be achieved, and the economic benefit of raising the sows and the economic benefit of the whole pig raising production can be further improved.
1. Effective measures are taken to shorten the interval time from the lactation period of the sows and the weaning to reseeding of the sows;
the reasons for abnormal oestrus in the sow feeding process are many, and mainly include the following points:
the sows are too fat or too thin, lack of exercise, light, insufficient protein or unbalanced amino acid, and are malnourished due to insufficient vitamin and mineral;
the phenomenon of excessive lactation of replacement gilts occurs in the first-birth lactation process, so that the recovery process of the uteri of the gilts is prolonged;
the sow is old and the fetal number is not in the oestrous period, and is not aged or senilism, namely the sow is not oestrous or has no obvious oestrous period.
The influence of the abnormal secretion of the sow, the amount of feed fed from weaning to the next mating breeding period, on the litter size, and this is also different for gilts and multiparous sows.
For gilts, feeding patterns with free feed or similar to free feed have been proposed, including some of the restricted feed mentioned, but still a large number of patterns. As a result, they are aged to be suitable for breeding, but are too heavy. Almost all such pigs do not benefit from increased food consumption two weeks prior to oestrus. On the other hand, in terms of ovulation and litter size, one achieves twice the daily supply by increasing the feed intake in order to obtain the desired result. The gilt in estrus can have better fat condition.
For recurrent sows, the lactation period just experienced. Also in the lactation period, the physical condition has been extremely deteriorated, and at this time, the sow is given twice the feeding amount (maintenance level) again, which promotes ovulation of the sow relatively quickly and increases the litter size of the next fetus. However, this is only an "inexpensive" method to change production efficiency. But this will continue to reduce performance of the sow, as well as overall longevity and productivity. The best method is to solve the problem of low feed intake of the sows in the lactation period and keep the sows at a maintenance level from weaning to next oestrus.
Secondly, increasing the number of litters born by sows in the year
The gestation period of the sow is l14 days, if the sow is oestrous and matched within 40 days after farrowing, one production cycle of one sow is 154 days, two production cycles of one year require 308 days, the period is more than 57 days, and 4 litters are produced for two years, the period is more than l14 days. And can produce one litter, namely 5 litters in two years. The sow generally needs 5-10 days from weaning to oestrus mating, the average is 7 days, and the pregnancy rate can reach 100%. If the piglets are 30 days old and wean, the sows can estrate and breed in 37 days after farrowing.
The estrus is promoted within 20-40 days of sow lactation, so that the sow can estrus and mate, can be lactated and pregnant, and the production cycle of the sow is greatly shortened.
Thirdly, increasing the number of live births
During the pregnancy of the sow, namely, the ovum is combined with the sperm, the embryo is implanted, the fetus develops to delivery, and the embryo has three death peaks:
firstly, in the initial stage of zygote implantation, namely 9-13 days of fertilization;
second, the embryonic organogenesis phase, about three weeks after pregnancy;
and thirdly, the placenta stops growing, and the fetus grows rapidly, namely 60-70 days in the later period of pregnancy. Particularly, the embryonic organogenesis period is the period of the most embryonic death and accounts for 30-40% of the embryonic death.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the characteristics of sow growth and the problems existing in the sow feeding process at the present stage, the invention aims to provide a feeding method for improving the breeding quality of sows, which can effectively improve the survival rate of piglets, and has uniform farrowing weight, few weak piglets and large litter size; the weight loss of the sows after weaning is less; the sow oestrous within 5-7 days after weaning; the feed intake of the sow in the lactation period is large, and the milk yield of the sow is high; the weight of the weaned piglet reaches more than 8.5 kilograms after 28 days of weaning; the sow is not constipation; the inflammation of the sow after delivery is less, and the sow is healthy; the oestrus rate of the sows after mating is low; the slaughtering time of the fattening pigs is shortened by 10 days; the service life of the sow is prolonged; the annual marketing number of the sows is increased.
The technical scheme for solving the problems is as follows:
a feeding method for improving the breeding quality of sows comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps:
from estrus mating to 8 days, feeding the sow litter multi-dose formula feed, and gradually changing from 3 kg/day to 2.5 kg/day of the first four days;
step two:
on 8 th to 38 th days, feeding sows with more piglets of 2.1-3.0 kg/day of formula feed, wherein the feeding amount is adjusted according to the back fat thickness of the sows in a body shape adjustment golden period;
step three:
on the 39 th day to the 85 th day, the number of piglets fed to the sow is increased by 2.1 to 2.3 kilograms per day, the period is the middle adjustment period of the sow, and the feeding amount is adjusted according to the back fat thickness of the sow;
step four:
on the 86 th day to the 100 th day, 3.5 kilograms of formula feed is fed to sows for increasing the number of piglets per day, the period is 1 month before the delivery of the sows, the feeding amount needs to be increased, the intestines and the stomach of the sows are enlarged, preparation is made after the delivery, and the pregnant sows are rich in nutrition required for the rapid growth of fetuses but cannot be fed with lactation feed to prevent the sows from being fat and having no milk;
step five:
feeding more piglets of the sows by 3.5-4.0 kg/day on the 101 th-112 th days, changing more sow feed and sow milk on 95 days of the multiparous sows 2 weeks before delivery, and changing more sow feed and sow milk on 100 days of new sows;
step six:
delivering at 112-114 days, reducing the feeding amount two days before delivery, and feeding lactating sow with much sow milk and formula feed 2 kg/day;
step seven:
feeding lactating sow with the sow milk multi-formula feed for 2-6.5 kg/day from the 115 th day to the 122 th day, and gradually increasing the feeding amount to 6.5 kg (according to the number of born live healthy piglets, namely 2 kg + 0.5 kg) every day from the 7 th day of delivery;
step eight:
day 123-138, which is the lactation peak period of the sows, the lactating sows feed is freely fed with the formula feed for increasing the milk content of the sows, and the feed intake is adjusted according to the fat and lean degree of the sows and the number of piglets;
step nine:
weaning at 139 th-143 th days, adjusting the amount of the sow milk-rich formula feed fed to the lactating sow from 6.5 kg/day to 3 kg/day, and gradually reducing the feed intake of the sow four days before weaning;
step ten:
day 144, oestrus and hybridization, and feeding the lactating sows with the formula feed for pig milk with much more amount of sow milk for 3-4 kg/day to ensure that the sows oestrate within 5-7 days.
The feed for increasing the litter size of the sow can be a common feed for improving the sow litter size in the market;
the sow milk-rich feed can be a common feed for improving the milk production of sows on the market.
Wherein the feed formula is preferably as follows:
a feed formula for increasing the number of piglets of sows comprises the following components:
15-20 parts of corn by mass; 60-80 parts of 46% soybean meal; 3-10 parts of an antioxidant; 0.04-0.08 part of mildew preventive; 15-20 parts of sow core material.
Wherein
The antioxidant is composed of ethoxyquinoline;
the mildew preventive comprises calcium propionate;
the core feed for the sows comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mineral, vitamin, amino acid, and microelement additive.
Wherein the mineral substance accounts for 35 percent, the vitamin accounts for 10.8 percent, the amino acid accounts for 15.4 percent, and the microelement additive accounts for 38.8 percent.
A sow milk multi-feed formula comprises:
1-10 parts of puffed corn by mass fraction; 60-80 parts of 46% soybean meal; 3-10 parts of grease; 0.04-0.08 part of antioxidant; 0.08-1 part of mildew preventive; 15-20 parts of sow core material.
Wherein
The oil is vegetable oil;
the antioxidant is ethoxyquinoline;
the main component of the mildew preventive is calcium propionate;
the core feed for the sows comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mineral, vitamin, amino acid, and microelement additive.
Wherein the mineral substance accounts for 35 percent, the vitamin accounts for 10.8 percent, the amino acid accounts for 15.4 percent, and the microelement additive accounts for 38.8 percent.
Wherein the mineral, vitamin, amino acid and microelement additive are added according to Chinese feed standard.
The feeding method of the invention prepares the feed according to the feeding standard, and meets the requirements of nutrients such as protein, energy, vitamins and minerals. The survival rate of piglets is improved, weak piglets are few, the individual weight of the piglets is uniform, the weight of the litter is large, and the average weight of the piglets is 1.3-1.5 kg; the weight loss of the sows after weaning is less; the sow oestrous within 5-7 days after weaning; the feed intake of the sow in the lactation period is large, and the milk yield of the sow is high; the weight of the weaned piglet reaches more than 8.5 kilograms after 28 days of weaning; the sow is not constipation; the inflammation of the sow after delivery is less, and the sow is healthy; the oestrus rate of the sows after mating is low; the slaughtering time of the fattening pigs is shortened by 10 days; the service life of the sow is prolonged; the annual marketing number of the sows is increased.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples
Example 1
A feeding method for improving the breeding quality of sows comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps:
from estrus mating to 8 days, feeding the sow litter multi-dose formula feed, and gradually changing from 3 kg/day to 2.5 kg/day of the first four days;
step two:
on 8 th to 38 th days, feeding sows with more piglets of 2.1-3.0 kg/day of formula feed, wherein the feeding amount is adjusted according to the back fat thickness of the sows in a body shape adjustment golden period;
step three:
on the 39 th day to the 85 th day, the number of piglets fed to the sow is increased by 2.1 to 2.3 kilograms per day, the period is the middle adjustment period of the sow, and the feeding amount is adjusted according to the back fat thickness of the sow;
step four:
on the 86 th day to the 100 th day, 3.5 kilograms of formula feed is fed to sows for increasing the number of piglets per day, the period is 1 month before the delivery of the sows, the feeding amount needs to be increased, the intestines and the stomach of the sows are enlarged, preparation is made after the delivery, and the pregnant sows are rich in nutrition required for the rapid growth of fetuses but cannot be fed with lactation feed to prevent the sows from being fat and having no milk;
step five:
feeding more piglets of the sows by 3.5-4.0 kg/day on the 101 th-112 th days, changing more sow feed and sow milk on 95 days of the multiparous sows 2 weeks before delivery, and changing more sow feed and sow milk on 100 days of new sows;
step six:
delivering at 112-114 days, reducing the feeding amount two days before delivery, and feeding lactating sow with much sow milk and formula feed 2 kg/day;
step seven:
feeding lactating sow with the sow milk multi-formula feed for 2-6.5 kg/day from the 115 th day to the 122 th day, and gradually increasing the feeding amount to 6.5 kg (according to the number of born live healthy piglets, namely 2 kg + 0.5 kg) every day from the 7 th day of delivery;
step eight:
day 123-138, which is the lactation peak period of the sows, the lactating sows feed is freely fed with the formula feed for increasing the milk content of the sows, and the feed intake is adjusted according to the fat and lean degree of the sows and the number of piglets;
step nine:
weaning at 139 th-143 th days, adjusting the amount of the sow milk-rich formula feed fed to the lactating sow from 6.5 kg/day to 3 kg/day, and gradually reducing the feed intake of the sow four days before weaning;
step ten:
day 144, oestrus and hybridization, and feeding the lactating sows with the formula feed for pig milk with much more amount of sow milk for 3-4 kg/day to ensure that the sows oestrate within 5-7 days.
A formula of a sow litter size formula feed comprises:
15-20 parts of corn by mass; 60-80 parts of 46% soybean meal; 3-10 parts of an antioxidant; 0.04-0.08 part of mildew preventive; 15-20 parts of sow core material.
Example 2
A feeding method for improving the breeding quality of sows comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps:
from estrus mating to 8 days, feeding the sow litter multi-dose formula feed, and gradually changing from 3 kg/day to 2.5 kg/day of the first four days;
step two:
on 8 th to 38 th days, feeding sows with more piglets of 2.1-3.0 kg/day of formula feed, wherein the feeding amount is adjusted according to the back fat thickness of the sows in a body shape adjustment golden period;
step three:
on the 39 th day to the 85 th day, the number of piglets fed to the sow is increased by 2.1 to 2.3 kilograms per day, the period is the middle adjustment period of the sow, and the feeding amount is adjusted according to the back fat thickness of the sow;
step four:
on the 86 th day to the 100 th day, 3.5 kilograms of formula feed is fed to sows for increasing the number of piglets per day, the period is 1 month before the delivery of the sows, the feeding amount needs to be increased, the intestines and the stomach of the sows are enlarged, preparation is made after the delivery, and the pregnant sows are rich in nutrition required for the rapid growth of fetuses but cannot be fed with lactation feed to prevent the sows from being fat and having no milk;
step five:
feeding more piglets of the sows by 3.5-4.0 kg/day on the 101 th-112 th days, changing more sow feed and sow milk on 95 days of the multiparous sows 2 weeks before delivery, and changing more sow feed and sow milk on 100 days of new sows;
step six:
delivering at 112-114 days, reducing the feeding amount two days before delivery, and feeding lactating sow with much sow milk and formula feed 2 kg/day;
step seven:
feeding lactating sow with the sow milk multi-formula feed for 2-6.5 kg/day from the 115 th day to the 122 th day, and gradually increasing the feeding amount to 6.5 kg (according to the number of born live healthy piglets, namely 2 kg + 0.5 kg) every day from the 7 th day of delivery;
step eight:
day 123-138, which is the lactation peak period of the sows, the lactating sows feed is freely fed with the formula feed for increasing the milk content of the sows, and the feed intake is adjusted according to the fat and lean degree of the sows and the number of piglets;
step nine:
weaning at 139 th-143 th days, adjusting the amount of the sow milk-rich formula feed fed to the lactating sow from 6.5 kg/day to 3 kg/day, and gradually reducing the feed intake of the sow four days before weaning;
step ten:
day 144, oestrus and hybridization, and feeding the lactating sows with the formula feed for pig milk with much more amount of sow milk for 3-4 kg/day to ensure that the sows oestrate within 5-7 days.
A sow milk multi-formula feed formula comprises:
1-10 parts of puffed corn by mass fraction; 60-80 parts of 46% soybean meal; 3-10 parts of grease; 0.04-0.08 part of antioxidant; 0.08-1 part of mildew preventive; 15-20 parts of sow core material.
Example 3
A feeding method for improving the breeding quality of sows comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps:
from estrus mating to 8 days, feeding the sow litter multi-dose formula feed, and gradually changing from 3 kg/day to 2.5 kg/day of the first four days;
step two:
on 8 th to 38 th days, feeding sows with more piglets of 2.1-3.0 kg/day of formula feed, wherein the feeding amount is adjusted according to the back fat thickness of the sows in a body shape adjustment golden period;
step three:
on the 39 th day to the 85 th day, the number of piglets fed to the sow is increased by 2.1 to 2.3 kilograms per day, the period is the middle adjustment period of the sow, and the feeding amount is adjusted according to the back fat thickness of the sow;
step four:
on the 86 th day to the 100 th day, 3.5 kilograms of formula feed is fed to sows for increasing the number of piglets per day, the period is 1 month before the delivery of the sows, the feeding amount needs to be increased, the intestines and the stomach of the sows are enlarged, preparation is made after the delivery, and the pregnant sows are rich in nutrition required for the rapid growth of fetuses but cannot be fed with lactation feed to prevent the sows from being fat and having no milk;
step five:
feeding more piglets of the sows by 3.5-4.0 kg/day on the 101 th-112 th days, changing more sow feed and sow milk on 95 days of the multiparous sows 2 weeks before delivery, and changing more sow feed and sow milk on 100 days of new sows;
step six:
delivering at 112-114 days, reducing the feeding amount two days before delivery, and feeding lactating sow with much sow milk and formula feed 2 kg/day;
step seven:
feeding lactating sow with the sow milk multi-formula feed for 2-6.5 kg/day from the 115 th day to the 122 th day, and gradually increasing the feeding amount to 6.5 kg (according to the number of born live healthy piglets, namely 2 kg + 0.5 kg) every day from the 7 th day of delivery;
step eight:
day 123-138, which is the lactation peak period of the sows, the lactating sows feed is freely fed with the formula feed for increasing the milk content of the sows, and the feed intake is adjusted according to the fat and lean degree of the sows and the number of piglets;
step nine:
weaning at 139 th-143 th days, adjusting the amount of the sow milk-rich formula feed fed to the lactating sow from 6.5 kg/day to 3 kg/day, and gradually reducing the feed intake of the sow four days before weaning;
step ten:
day 144, oestrus and hybridization, and feeding the lactating sows with the formula feed for pig milk with much more amount of sow milk for 3-4 kg/day to ensure that the sows oestrate within 5-7 days.
A formula of a sow litter size formula feed comprises:
15-20 parts of corn by mass; 60-80 parts of 46% soybean meal; 3-10 parts of an antioxidant; 0.04-0.08 part of mildew preventive; 15-20 parts of sow core material.
A sow milk multi-formula feed formula comprises:
1-10 parts of puffed corn by mass fraction; 60-80 parts of 46% soybean meal; 3-10 parts of grease; 0.04-0.08 part of antioxidant; 0.08-1 part of mildew preventive; 15-20 parts of sow core material.
The invention will be further described below with reference to the composition of the feed and the feeding characteristics of pigs
Effect of nutrient deficiency or excess on pigs
Obvious nutrient deficiency or excess can influence the reproductive performance of breeding pigs.
Deficiencies in energy and protein in feed are difficult to identify and often work with other nutrient deficiencies.
Energy intake of the sow during lactation is limited, backfat storage is reduced, weight loss is increased, conception rate of the sow is affected, and reallocation time is prolonged.
The obvious deficiency or excess of vitamins and minerals can also reduce the reproductive performance, and the deficiency of vitamin A can cause the sows to absorb fetuses or produce sick and malformed piglets.
If sows are fed on any diet with insufficient nutrients, this will result in: the tire receiving rate is reduced; reducing the number born; reducing birth weight and piglet vitality; reducing the body condition and weight of the sow; the weight loss is accompanied with the reduction of body fat reserves, the lactation can be influenced, the lactation force is reduced, the interval from weaning to remixing is increased, if the supplied nutrient substances are insufficient, the weight loss of the sows exceeds the normal range, the lactation, the oestrus and the continuous utilization after the weaning are influenced, and the time from weaning to remixing is prolonged; the service life of the sow is shortened.
The essential nutrients in the ration are in a suitable amount and in a balanced ratio.
The invention provides energy and protein required by growth and development; balancing amino acid; the dosage of calcium and phosphorus is increased; sufficient amounts of vitamins A, E, biotin, folic acid, choline, etc. associated with reproductive activity are supplemented. The supply of vitamins and minerals is enhanced, and the protein content is 14%. Sufficient energy, protein, vitamins and minerals are provided to maximize fertility.
The pregnant sow feed is matched with a proper amount of coarse feed, the coarse feed enables the sow to feel satiety, the pica behavior and the constipation are prevented, and the feeding cost can be reduced. The larger the physical size of the sow, the greater its maintenance needs and the greater the amount of feed required. Every 10kg of sow body weight is increased, the energy demand is increased by 5%, the nutrition level in gestation period is too high, the fat storage of the sow is more, and the method is an uneconomical feeding mode. Because the sow synthesizes the feed protein into body protein and synthesizes the body fat by utilizing the starch in the feed, a large amount of energy is consumed, and the body protein and the body fat are converted into the components of the pig milk in the lactation period, and the energy is also consumed. Researches show that the oestrus sow has positive correlation between the feed intake and the ovulation rate, and has large feed intake, high nutrient intake and high ovulation rate. Meanwhile, the nutrition level before mating can influence the quality and the developmental capacity of the oocyte, and the improvement of the nutrition level can improve the quality of the oocyte and the survival rate of early embryos, so that the sow must be fully fed before mating to improve the ovulation number and the quality of the oocyte.
Effect of early pregnancy feed levels on plasma progesterone levels and embryo survival
Feeding level (kg head. day) Plasma progesterone (μ g/ml) Embryo survival rate (%)
1.50 16.7 82.8
2.25 13.8 78.6
3.00 11.8 71.9
1. The survival rate of the embryo of the sow is in direct proportion to the content of plasma progesterone within 3 days after the onset of estrus,
2. the nutritional level is inversely proportional to the plasma progesterone content, i.e. the higher the nutritional level, the lower the progesterone level,
the lower the embryo survival rate, on the contrary, the lower the nutrition level, the higher the progesterone level and the high embryo survival rate.
Therefore, the sows must be fed strictly for the first 3 days after mating to improve embryo survival.
The breeding method of the present invention
1. And (3) strengthening feeding in the later stage of pregnancy:
the fetus grows fast in the later period of pregnancy, and the mammary gland of the sow also grows simultaneously, so the nutrition level in the later period of pregnancy has influence on the birth weight of the piglet, the lactation yield, the weight gain of the suckling piglet and the weaning-to-mating interval.
2. The lactation period adopts feed with high nutrition level:
the sow reaches the lactation peak 3 weeks after delivery, and then gradually declines, and various nutrient substances in the pig milk are obtained from the feed.
3. Improving the feed intake of the sow:
and (3) recovering the normal feeding amount of the sows from the 5 th day after delivery, fully feeding the piglets until the piglets are weaned, and feeding the sows with the feed amount which can be eaten, without limiting the feed intake.
4. And (4) strengthening management:
the feeding is less frequently added, and the feeding times are increased. The digestive function of the sow is not recovered for several days after delivery, and the sow does not need to be fed too much each time. Along with the increase of lactation amount, the nutrition requirement of the sows is gradually increased, and the feeding times of the lactating sows are increased, preferably 3-4 times per day.
Corn (corn)
1. High energy, high NFN (high non-protein nitrogen content (74-80%), mainly starch, less CF (crude fiber), 2.0%, high digestibility;
2. low CP (crude protein) content of 7.2-8.9%, poor quality, low lysine, tryptophan and methionine content;
3. the feed contains 3.5 to 4.5 percent of higher fat and about 2 percent of linoleic acid, is the highest of grain feeds and can meet the demand of the linoleic acid of livestock and poultry;
4. corn contains carotene and lutein, which are also good sources of vitamin E, and vitamins in the B group are rich in thiamine and low in other vitamins. Does not contain vitamin D;
5. the calcium content is low, the phosphorus content is high, most of the phosphorus exists in the form of phytate phosphorus, and the utilization rate of the phytate phosphorus for pigs is low.
Bean pulp
The protein content is 40-50%, the lysine content is 2.45-2.70%, the lysine content is the highest of all cake and meal feeds, but the methionine content is low, and the palatability is good; coarse fiber is about 5%, and the energy value is high; rich in nicotinic acid and riboflavin, and low in carotene and vitamin D; insufficient calcium.
34% -38% of protein, 0.58% of methionine, which is second only to 0.81% of sesame cake, and secondly, 1.75% of arginine is the lowest in cake meal feed, while the highest in selenium is in vegetable feed.
Contains glucosinolate, the seeds are broken and hydrolyzed into thiocyanate and isothiocyanate as harmful substances under the action of myrosinase under certain water content and temperature, and part of isothiocyanate forms oxazolidinethione.
The metabolic energy level is the highest in cake meal feed, the protein is about 50 percent, the palatability is good, the arginine content is 5.2 percent, the protein is the highest in all animal and plant feeds, and the lysine and the methionine are very low
Puffed corn
The high temperature, high pressure and high shearing force destroy the crystal structure of corn starch to expand and gelatinize starch grains, open starch molecular chains, increase the surface area of chyme grains, improve the digestibility, and simultaneously modify protein and improve the digestibility of amino acid.
Comparison with regular corn is as follows:
utilization rate of nutrient substances of growing pigs on common corn and puffed corn
Item Common corn Puffed corn
Dry matter digestibility% 68.53 71.76
Apparent digestive energy 16.16 17.71
Energy utilization rate% 83.13 90.65
Apparent digestibility% of protein 78.84 83.88
Nitrogen deposition (g/d) 9.43 10.85
Total utilization of nitrogen% 48.88 53.51
The puffed corn has the advantages of strong flavor of popcorn, good palatability, strong food calling property and capability of improving the food intake. High digestion rate and low fermentation degree of large intestine. The high temperature of the puffing process can kill pathogenic microorganisms such as salmonella, escherichia coli, cholera virus and the like, and the sanitary index is high. The puffed corn has the characteristics of looseness, porosity, uniform structure, soft texture, improvement on starch gelatinization degree and the like, is good in color, fragrance and taste, and improves the nutritional value and digestibility, so that the use of the puffed raw material is an effective way for promoting the growth of pigs.
Antioxidant agent
The grease or fat-soluble vitamins, carotene, carotenoid and other substances in the pig feed are easily oxidized and damaged by oxygen in the air, so that the nutritional value of the feed is reduced, the palatability is poor, even the feed is rancid and deteriorated, and the formed peroxide has toxic action on animals. Certain antioxidant is added into the pig feed, so that the autoxidation of substances in the feed can be delayed or prevented. It is used for feed containing high fat to prevent fat oxidation, rancidity and deterioration, and is also used in vitamin-containing premix to prevent vitamin oxidation failure.
Oil and fat
The digestibility of the fat containing short-chain saturated fatty acid and long-chain unsaturated fatty acid is higher than that of the fat rich in long-chain saturated fatty acid; coconut oil, soybean oil, and corn oil: long chain unsaturated fatty acid lard and tallow: the main digestibility is long-chain saturated fatty acid: coconut oil is highest, and lard and tallow inferior to soybean oil and corn oil; the pigs added with the grease feed have good development and high disease resistance, and the effect is more obvious especially for the piglets with lower birth weight. The inherent characteristics of high energy, easy absorption and easy utilization of the grease; the grease can provide a large amount of fatty acid, especially essential amino acid for monogastric animals, has high energy content and is easy to be utilized by animals; the oil can improve the energy utilization of other components of the daily ration.
Mildew preventive
The mildew inhibitor can reduce the amount of microorganisms in the feed, control the metabolism and growth of the microorganisms, inhibit the generation of mycotoxin, prevent the loss of nutrient components of the feed during the storage period, prevent the feed from mildewing and deteriorating and prolong the storage time. The mould is extremely wide in distribution and various in variety in nature, and most of moulds can cause the feed to go mouldy and go bad, so that the nutritional value of the feed is greatly reduced, and the palatability is poor; the severe mildewed people have no nutritive value, and the fed animals can cause growth arrest, viscera damage and even toxic death of the animals. The mildew inhibitor is used in combination with an antioxidant: the mildew-proof agent and the antioxidant are used together to form a complete mildew-proof antioxidant system, so that the storage period is effectively guaranteed and prolonged.
Nutritional additive
Vitamin additives: the addition amount is very small, only accounts for ten-thousandth, but the effect is extremely obvious;
and (3) a trace element additive: the commonly used raw materials mainly comprise inorganic mineral substances, organic acid mineral salts and amino acid mineral salts;
amino acid additive: mainly comprises lysine, methionine, tryptophan and threonine;
lysine: the first limiting amino acid for pig feed, mainly using L-lysine hydrochloride;
methionine: DL-type methionine is mainly used, and methionine + cystine is commonly used for pig.
The breast of the sow is accumulated with a large amount of milk to cause the breast to swell, thereby restricting the secretion of oxytocin, reducing the oxytocin in the blood and reducing the inhibiting effect of follicle stimulating hormone, thereby promoting the oestrus and the ovulation of the sow;
the variety of the selected raw materials is multiple, the variety of the raw materials plays a complementary role of nutrient substances, and the utilization efficiency of the nutrient substances in the raw materials is high; the feed raw materials have good palatability, and the feeding amount is considered to prevent the problem of digestion caused by overfeeding.
Saccharification treatment
Corn is rich in starch, and a part of the starch can be converted into maltose by saccharification treatment, so that the palatability of the feed can be improved, and the digestion is easier.
The nutrition of the feed can meet the balanced requirement of pigs, so that the utilization efficiency of the feed is improved.
The feed volume is proper, the energy and the nutrient content of each kilogram of feed are proper, the excessive pigs eat the feed and waste, and even the pigs cannot feel full; too low feed has too large volume and can not be eaten so much, and energy and nutrient substances can not be met.
The feed additive comprises nutritional additives such as lysine, methionine, threonine and the like, and can improve the utilization efficiency of the feed, improve the taste of the feed, improve the palatability, promote the growth of animals, prevent diseases, improve the quality of the feed and animal products, improve the breeding environment and the like. When the formula of each pig farm is actually designed, the conditions of different pig breeds, different stages, different feed raw material breeds and the like are flexibly mastered, so that better feeding benefits are obtained.

Claims (1)

1. A feeding method for improving the breeding quality of sows is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps:
from estrus mating to 8 days, feeding the sow litter multi-dose formula feed, and gradually changing from 3 kg/day to 2.5 kg/day of the first four days;
step two:
on 8 th to 38 th days, feeding sows with more piglets of 2.1-3.0 kg/day of formula feed, wherein the feeding amount is adjusted according to the back fat thickness of the sows in a body shape adjustment golden period;
step three:
on the 39 th day to the 85 th day, the number of piglets fed to the sow is increased by 2.1 to 2.3 kilograms per day, the period is the middle adjustment period of the sow, and the feeding amount is adjusted according to the back fat thickness of the sow;
step four:
on the 86 th day to the 100 th day, 3.5 kilograms of formula feed is fed to sows for increasing the number of piglets per day, the period is 1 month before the delivery of the sows, the feeding amount needs to be increased, the intestines and the stomach of the sows are enlarged, preparation is made after the delivery, and the pregnant sows are rich in nutrition required for the rapid growth of fetuses but cannot be fed with lactation feed to prevent the sows from being fat and having no milk;
step five:
feeding more piglets of the sows by 3.5-4.0 kg/day on the 101 th-112 th days, changing more sow feed and sow milk on 95 days of the multiparous sows 2 weeks before delivery, and changing more sow feed and sow milk on 100 days of new sows;
step six:
delivering at 112-114 days, reducing the feeding amount two days before delivery, and feeding lactating sow with much sow milk and formula feed 2 kg/day;
step seven:
feeding lactating sows with the sow milk multi-formula feed for 2-6.5 kg/day from the 115 th day to the 122 th day, and gradually increasing the feeding amount to 6.5 kg every day from the birth day to the 7 th day according to the number of born live healthy piglets, namely 2 kg + 0.5 kg of live healthy piglets;
step eight:
day 123-138, which is the lactation peak period of the sows, the lactating sows feed is freely fed with the formula feed for increasing the milk content of the sows, and the feed intake is adjusted according to the fat and lean degree of the sows and the number of piglets;
step nine:
weaning at 139 th-143 th days, adjusting the amount of the sow milk-rich formula feed fed to the lactating sow from 6.5 kg/day to 3 kg/day, and gradually reducing the feed intake of the sow four days before weaning;
step ten:
on day 144, oestrus and hybridization are carried out, the lactating sows are fed with the formula feed for pig milk with much more sow milk for 3-4 kg/day, and oestrus of the sows is ensured within 5-7 days;
the formula of the sow piglet feed comprises the following components: is prepared from 15 to 20 weight portions of corn, 60 to 80 weight portions of 46 percent soybean meal, 3 to 10 weight portions of antioxidant, 0.04 to 0.08 weight portion of mildew preventive and 15 to 20 weight portions of core material of sow; the antioxidant is composed of ethoxyquinoline, and the mildew preventive is composed of calcium propionate; the core material for the sows comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mineral, vitamin, amino acid and microelement additive, wherein the mineral accounts for 35 percent, the vitamin accounts for 10.8 percent, the amino acid accounts for 15.4 percent, and the microelement additive accounts for 38.8 percent;
the sow milk multi-feed formula comprises the following components: the feed is prepared from 1-10 parts of puffed corn, 60-80 parts of 46% soybean meal, 3-10 parts of grease, 0.04-0.08 part of antioxidant, 0.08-1 part of mildew preventive and 15-20 parts of sow core material by mass fraction; the antioxidant is composed of ethoxyquinoline, and the mildew preventive is composed of calcium propionate; the core material for the sows comprises the following components in percentage by weight: mineral, vitamin, amino acid and microelement additive, wherein the mineral accounts for 35%, the vitamin accounts for 10.8%, the amino acid accounts for 15.4%, and the microelement additive accounts for 38.8%.
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