CN106561544B

CN106561544B - Sow feeding method

Info

Publication number: CN106561544B
Application number: CN201610319643.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 霍如林; 沈胜; 胥彩霞; 宋志芳
Original assignee: Xinjiang Dbn Animal Husbandry Technology Co ltd; Beijing Dabeinong Technology Group Co Ltd
Current assignee: Xinjiang Dbn Animal Husbandry Technology Co ltd; Beijing Dabeinong Biotechnology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2016-05-12
Filing date: 2016-05-12
Publication date: 2020-10-09
Anticipated expiration: 2036-05-12
Also published as: CN106561544A

Abstract

The invention provides a novel sow feeding method, which divides a sow into 4 different physiological stages, namely a prophase of pregnancy, a later stage of pregnancy, a lactation period and a weaning estrus period, and is matched with corresponding feeds for feeding each stage. The method effectively solves the problems of sow constipation, mammary dysplasia, heavy weaning loss and long estrus period, and the problems of small birth weight, poor uniformity, low weaning weight, low survival rate and the like of the piglets, and is beneficial to improving the survival rate of the piglets in the nursing period and the use efficiency of the sows.

Description

Sow feeding method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of animal husbandry and animal production, and particularly relates to a sow feeding method.

Background

The stages of the sow breeding cycle are mutually linked and influenced, each stage of the sow breeding cycle is closely related to the economy of a pig farm, but in actual production, most sows do not exert the optimal potential of the sows and do not receive good economic benefit, so that the improvement of the breeding performance of the sows, particularly the lifelong breeding performance of the sows, is a hot spot of the current pig nutrition research.

In the breeding production, the division of the sow breeding stage is mostly divided into three stages: the daily ration fed in the gestation period, the lactation period and the weaning period is only in two forms, namely a gestation feed and a lactation feed, wherein the gestation period is 0-89 days, the corresponding gestation feed is fed, and the lactation feed is fed in 90-weaning returning situations, and actually, the nutrition requirements of sows in all stages of the production period are different, and the production purposes are different. In the early stage of pregnancy, nutrition is used for maintaining body conditions, so too much nutrition is not beneficial to the later-stage breeding of sows, when 75 days of pregnancy occurs, fetuses and mammary glands develop rapidly, special and proper amount of nutrient substances are needed to optimize the internal environment of uterus and meet the development of mammary glands in the period, during the lactation period, the sows need to secrete enough milk to ensure the growth and survival of piglets and maintain the body conditions of the piglets not to lose weight, and after the piglets are weaned, the number of days for re-oestrus needs to be shortened as much as possible in order to improve the utilization rate, however, the number of days for re-oestrus is different from 2 to 2.5 in production due to different body conditions of the sows.

Therefore, in order to improve the reproductive performance and the utilization rate of the sows, the refined feeding management of the sows is indispensable, and with the gradual development of the pig raising industry, intensive and industrialized breeding modes tend to be great, so that scientific breeding management measures are adopted according to the physiological characteristics and various breeding management requirements of the lactating sows, effective flow operation specifications are established, and the method has important significance for improving the annual Productivity (PSY) of the sows in the large-scale pig farm.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to improve the reproductive performance of sows and further improve the economic benefit of a pig farm, and a refined feeding mode is established according to different requirements of the sows at different physiological stages so as to improve the productivity of the sows.

The nutrient substances are taken by sows in the gestation period mainly for meeting the development requirements of self, fetus and mammary gland, but the nutrient requirements of the sows in different stages in the gestation period are different, the sows in the early stage of the gestation period cannot take more nutrient substances, otherwise, the survival rate of the embryos can be reduced, and the litter size is further influenced, so that the feeding limitation is mostly adopted in the actual production to ensure the maximization of the economic benefit. However, in order to improve the welfare of the sow with limited feeding, soluble fermentation fibers such as beet pulp with different levels are added into the daily ration of the sow, so as to reduce embryo autolysis caused by the starvation stress of the sow and reduce the occurrence of constipation of the sow, and meanwhile, the digestible starch is partially replaced by the fermentable fibers, so that the gastric emptying rate can be reduced, the chyme of the gastrointestinal tract can be increased, and especially, the sow in the rear intestinal tract can provide energy by using metabolites of flora. In the later stage of pregnancy, as the development of fetuses and mammary glands is gradually improved, the demand of sows on nutrient substances is remarkably increased, and meanwhile, the nutrient intake in the period affects the birth weight of piglets, however, the traditional method in China is to change the feeding materials at 90 days of the gestation period of the sows, but neglecting the production purpose of the feeding materials to improve the milk yield of the sows, the nutrition is designed more for the sows but not for the fetuses, meanwhile, the fiber level of the feeding materials is low, and the growth speed of the fetuses in the later stage of pregnancy is high, so that the intestinal tracts of the sows are pressed, the constipation of the sows is easily caused, and trace elements and vitamins required by the development of the fetuses are also higher than those in the later stage of pregnancy, so that the daily ration of the sows in the later stage of pregnancy is required to be designed to meet the.

The quality of the effect of the nursing feed can be directly concluded from the aspects of sow body condition, mammary gland development, piglet survival rate and weaning weight, and the nursing sow feed not only needs to meet the nutrition requirement of the sow, but also needs to ensure that the piglet is sufficiently provided with high-quality milk, so that the protein and energy levels in the nursing sow feed are higher than those in the gestation period, and the sow feed can obtain sufficient nutrition even if the feed intake of the sow is insufficient in the actual production. The daily ration usually uses fish meal, expanded soybean and other easily digestible high-quality proteins, and simultaneously adds first-grade soybean oil and other high-quality fat powder, so that on one hand, the digestibility of the sows can be improved, the requirements of the sows can be met, and on the other hand, the quality of the milk can be improved.

Different energy sources can also influence the days between the weaning and the oestrus recurrence of the sows, and the addition of starch and grease in different proportions can obviously shorten the days between the weaning and the oestrus recurrence through the analysis of comprehensive experimental data.

In summary, the production purposes of the sows are different in different stages of the breeding cycle, the feeding method of the sows provided by the invention divides the sows into 4 different physiological stages which are respectively a prophase of pregnancy, a late stage of pregnancy, a lactation period and a weaning estrus, wherein the feed for the first gestation period is 2.2-2.7 Kg/day/head, the feed for the later gestation period is 90-107 days, the feed for the later gestation period is 2.8-3.5 Kg/day/head, the feed for the lactation period is fed, the feeding is freely carried out, and ensuring that the feed intake of the sows reaches 6Kg on a balance from 10 days to 18 days of lactation, feeding corresponding weaning estrus promoting materials 10 days before sow hybridization in a weaning estrus promoting period, wherein the feed intake is 3-4 Kg/day/head until the sows estrus again.

Wherein, the pregnancies preferably comprise the following components per kilogram: 450-500 g of corn, 150-250 g of beet pulp, 120-180 g of soybean meal, 80-120 g of bran, 40g of premix, 6-10 g of soybean oil (first grade), 0.3g of microecological preparation, 0.1-0.3 g of antioxidant and 0.1g of phytase.

Wherein, per kilogram of the pregnancies, the following components are more preferably contained: 200g of beet pulp, 155g of soybean meal, 100g of bran, 40g of premix, 8g of soybean oil, 0.3g of microecologics, 0.2g of antioxidant, 0.1g of high temperature resistant phytase and the balance of corn. In the formula, the NDF intake of the sows at the early stage of pregnancy can be ensured to be 447.8g/d by calculating the feeding amount of 2.2-2.7 Kg/d, and experiments prove that the production performance of the sows is relatively optimal under the daily ration nutrient concentration.

Wherein, the feed for the later period of pregnancy preferably comprises the following components per kilogram: 600-650 g of corn, 200-250 g of soybean meal, 50-100 g of beet pulp, 30-80 g of wheat bran, 40g of premix, 2-5 g of lysine, 1-3 g of threonine, 0.5-1.5 g of methionine, 0.4g of microecological preparation, 0.1-0.3 g of antioxidant and 0.1g of phytase.

Wherein, per kilogram of the pregnancy later period feed, the feed more preferably comprises the following components: 220g of soybean meal, 87.7g of beet pulp, 35g of wheat bran, 40g of premix, 2.56g of lysine, 1.3g of threonine, 1g of methionine, 0.4g of microecological preparation, 0.2g of antioxidant, 0.1g of high-temperature resistant phytase and the balance of corn. In order to meet the nutritional requirements of sows at the later stage of pregnancy and the requirements of fetus and mammary gland development, the nutritional concentration of the daily ration is improved, and meanwhile, a proper amount of composite fiber sources such as beet particles and wheat bran are added, so that constipation caused by intestinal tract compression due to uterus growth of the sows at the later stage is avoided. The addition amount of starch and the proportion of fat in the formula can meet the energy requirement and avoid the influence of over-fertilization on the later-stage feed intake.

Wherein said creamer preferably comprises the following ingredients per kilogram: 550-600 g of corn, 200-240 g of soybean meal, 50-80 g of bran, 35-55 g of beet pulp, 30-50 g of expanded soybean, 10-30 g of soybean oil, 10-20 g of stone powder, 10-20 g of calcium hydrophosphate, 10-20 g of fish meal, 10g of premix, 3-8 g of sodium chloride, 2-5 g of lysine, 1-3 g of threonine, 0-1 g of magnesium sulfate, 0.1-0.5 g of methionine, 0.5g of mildew preventive, 0.4g of microecological preparation, 0.3g of antioxidant and 0.1g of phytase.

Wherein said creamer more preferably comprises the following ingredients per kilogram: 220g of soybean meal, 60g of wheat bran, 45g of beet pulp, 40g of expanded soybean, 22g of soybean oil, 14.7g of stone powder, 12.1g of calcium hydrophosphate, 10g of fish meal, 10g of premix, 5g of sodium chloride, 2.28g of lysine, 1.144g of threonine, 0.5g of magnesium sulfate, 0.5g of mildew preventive, 0.4g of methionine, 0.3g of microecological preparation, 0.3g of antioxidant, 0.1g of high-temperature resistant phytase and the balance of corn. In order to improve the milk quality of sows and avoid the condition that sows lose weight in the lactation period, the daily ration in the lactation period greatly improves the protein and energy levels of the sows, and meanwhile, high-quality digestible high-quality proteins such as high-quality puffed soybeans and fish meal are used, so that the digestibility of the sows is improved, and the milk protein provided for piglets is a high-quality protein source.

Wherein, the weaning aphrodisiac preferably comprises the following components per kilogram: 550-600 g of corn, 120-200 g of soybean meal, 50-100 g of bran, 30-80 g of glucose, 30-70 g of fermented soybean meal, 30-60 g of beet meal, 10-15 g of calcium hydrophosphate, 8-12 g of stone powder, 3-6 g of sodium chloride, 10g of premix, 2-5 g of lysine, 0.5-1 g L-threonine, 0.1-0.3 g of methionine, 0.2g of phytase, 0.4g of microecological preparation and 0.2g of antioxidant.

Wherein, the weaning aphrodisiac more preferably comprises the following components per kilogram: 161g of soybean meal, 73.5g of bran, 50g of glucose, 50g of fermented soybean meal, 40g of beet meal, 13.3g of calcium hydrophosphate, 10.4g of stone powder, 10g of premix, 4g of sodium chloride, 2.95g of lysine, 0.76g of threonine, 0.4g of microecology, 0.2g of antioxidant, 0.2g of phytase, 0.2g of methionine and the balance of corn. The high-energy daily ration is fed in the stage, so that the body type of the sow can be adjusted, the corpus luteum level of the sow can be improved, the ovulation number is improved, and the oestrus interval is shortened. Meanwhile, the glucose and the high-level starch added into the daily ration can promote the conservation of the oocyte in the ovary and improve the maturity of the cell.

In the feed for the early pregnancy and the late pregnancy, each kilogram of premix contains 0.3-0.6 g of Cu, 3-6 g of Fe, 1.8-3.5 g of Zn, 0.8-2.2 g of Mn, 10-45 mg of I, 5-12 mg of Se, 14-18% of Ca, 3-4.5% of P, 10000-250000 IU of vitamin A, 45000-980000 IU of vitamin D3, 980-2200 IU of vitamin E, more than 65mg of vitamin K3, more than 42mg of vitamin B1, more than 250mg of vitamin B2, more than 150mg of vitamin B6, more than 0.7mg of vitamin B12, more than 1100mg of nicotinamide, more than 620mg of calcium pantothenate, more than 218mg of folic acid, more than 22mg of biotin and more than 20g of choline chloride.

In the feed for the lactating sows, each kilogram of premix contains 0.8-2.3 g of Cu, 10-24 g of Fe, 8-15 g of Zn, 5-10 g of Mn, 60-180 mg of I, 20-45 mg of Se, 500000-1700000 IU of vitamin A, 100000-350000 IU of vitamin D3, 5000-12000 IU of vitamin E, more than 210mg of vitamin K3, more than 800mg of vitamin B2, more than 470mg of vitamin B6, more than 2.2mg of vitamin B12, more than 3700mg of nicotinamide, more than 2000mg of calcium pantothenate, more than 700mg of folic acid, more than 60mg of biotin and more than 50g of choline chloride.

In the feed for promoting the estrus in weaning, each kilogram of premix contains 0.5-2.5 g of Cu, 6-30 g of Fe, 5-15 g of Zn, 2-10 g of Mn, 30-200 mg of I, 10-50 mg of Se, 325000 IU-1200000 IU of vitamin A, 100000-400000 IU of vitamin D3, 1250-5000 IU of vitamin E, more than 260mg of vitamin K3, more than 1000mg of vitamin B2, more than 580mg of vitamin B6, more than 2.8mg of vitamin B12, more than 4600mg of nicotinamide, more than 2500mg of calcium pantothenate, more than 875mg of folic acid, more than 80mg of biotin and more than 60g of choline chloride

Wherein the microecological preparation contains 200 hundred million CFU/g of lactic acid bacteria and 60 hundred million CFU/g of bacillus. The lactobacillus is preferably lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC No.11262, and the bacillus is preferably bacillus subtilis CGMCC No. 11261.

Wherein the antioxidant is ethoxyquinoline.

The anabolism of the sows in the gestation period in the early gestation period is strong, if the nutrient concentration of daily ration is too high, the sows are easy to fatten, the dystocia of the sows is caused, the health index of piglets is reduced, the uniformity degree of the piglets is not high, and even the second-birth syndrome can occur, so the nutrient concentration of the feed in the early gestation period, particularly in the first 75 days, is not too high. The pregnant daily ration provided by the invention has the advantages that the lower limit feeding is realized under the condition of ensuring the welfare of the sows, the hunger stress of the sows is reduced, the sows keep better body types, a physiological basis is provided for improving the feed intake in the later period, particularly in the lactation period, and the uniformity and degree of the born piglets are also greatly improved.

And in the later stage of pregnancy, the growth and development of the fetus become fast, the daily ration nutrition level at the moment can influence the growth and the initial weight of the fetus, and if the energy intake in the later stage of pregnancy is increased, the birth weight and the survival rate of piglets can be improved. The daily ration adopted by the invention takes starch as a main energy supply substance, and simultaneously various essential amino acids are added, so that the nutrient substances required by the development of the mammary gland and intrauterine environment of the sow are ensured, the birth weight of the piglet is greatly improved, and a good start is made for improving the weaning weight of the piglet.

In the lactation period, sows need to maintain self metabolism and secrete high-quality milk to ensure the growth and health of piglets, so the nutrient concentration and the feed intake of daily ration have important influence on the reproductive performance of sows and the weaning weight of piglets. Meanwhile, the synthesis of nutrients such as milk fat, lactose, milk protein and the like in the milk all need micromolecular precursors such as glucose, amino acid, fatty acid and the like, and the ration provided by the invention adjusts the proportion and concentration of the amino acid in the lactation period of the sow on the premise of improving the palatability, optimizes the quality of the colostrum and the normal milk of the sow, and provides a necessary nutritional basis for increasing the weaning weight of piglets.

After weaning, in order to improve the utilization efficiency of sows, a feed with a higher energy level (1.3-2 times of the requirement for maintaining metabolism) is usually provided for sows before hybridization in production to promote ovulation, namely a so-called weaning aphrodisiac feed, and the optimal feed has better effects on sows with poor body conditions, high litter size, strong lactation and severe weight loss in lactation. The weaning estrus-promoting feed provided by the invention can effectively shorten the number of oestrus days of sows after weaning, improve the utilization efficiency of the sows, and simultaneously adjust the body conditions of the sows to a good breeding state to prepare for breeding in the next period.

The feeding method effectively solves the problems of sow constipation, mammary dysplasia, heavy loss after weaning and long estrus period, and the problems of small birth weight, poor uniformity, low weaning weight, low survival rate and the like of the piglets, and is beneficial to improving the survival rate of the piglets in the nursing period and the use efficiency of the sows.

Detailed Description

The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

Example 1 screening of Bacillus subtilis DZS11

1. Preliminary screening

Collecting 10 parts of piglet excrement samples, respectively weighing 10g of soil samples, adding 90mL of sterile water to prepare bacterial suspension, treating in a water bath at 80 ℃ for 20min, oscillating at 180r/min for 30min, diluting in a gradient manner to a proper gradient, coating on an LB (LB) culture medium, and culturing to obtain 86 suspected bacillus.

Milk medium (for protease primary screening): dissolving 5g of skimmed milk in 50ml of distilled water; dissolving 1.5g agar in 50ml distilled water, sterilizing the two solutions respectively, cooling to 45-50 deg.C, mixing the two solutions, and pouring into flat plate to obtain milk flat plate. Plates were inverted overnight to allow surface moisture to dry, and then the strain was spotted onto the plates and the plates mixed overnight for use. When preparing the culture medium, milk and agar are mixed and sterilized to prevent coagulation of milk.

Starch hydrolysis plate (for amylase primary screen): LB medium, 0.2% soluble starch added, sterilized and poured into plates.

The preparation method of the physiological saline comprises the following steps: 0.85% sodium chloride, and sterilizing with high pressure steam.

The preparation method of the artificial gastric juice comprises the following steps: 1% pepsin, 0.85% sodium chloride, adjusting pH to 2.0 with hydrochloric acid, filtering and sterilizing for later use.

The preparation method of the LB solid medium comprises the following steps: 10g of peptone, 10g of sodium chloride, 5g of yeast extract, 2% of agar, pH7.0 and sterilizing by high-pressure steam for later use.

The preparation method of the LB liquid culture medium comprises the following steps: 10g of peptone, 10g of sodium chloride, 5g of yeast extract, pH7.0 and high-pressure steam sterilization for later use.

The preparation method of the artificial bile salt comprises the following steps: adding 0.3% pig bile salt into LB liquid culture medium, and sterilizing with high pressure steam.

2. Double sieve

(1) Determination of Amylase-producing ability

And (3) inoculating the target strain obtained in the primary screening process to a starch hydrolysis flat plate, culturing at 37 ℃ for 24h, adding Luo's iodine solution, dyeing for 1min, observing the diameter ratio of the transparent ring to the thallus, and primarily determining the activity of the amylase. Inoculating the amylase-rich strain into a fermentation medium, performing shake culture at 37 ℃ for 24-48h, centrifuging fermentation culture solution at 2-3 time points, taking supernatant to detect the activity of amylase and glucoamylase, and re-screening the amylase activity of the strain.

The amylase activity is measured by GB/T18932.16-2003.

A strain with the largest diameter ratio of the transparent circle to the thallus is obtained through preliminary screening and named as Bacillus subtilis DZS11(Bacillus subtilis DZS 11). The amylase activity of the strain DZS11 was 3285.87U (1 ml of 1% starch was hydrolyzed by amylase at 40 ℃ in 1 hour per ml of bacterial solution, defined as 1 amylase activity unit) as determined by amylase activity quantification.

The strain is preserved in the China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) at 8 months and 20 days in 2015, the CGMCC is used for short, and the address is as follows: the microbial research institute of the national academy of sciences No. 3, Xilu No.1, Beijing, Chaoyang, and the preservation numbers are as follows: CGMCC No. 11261.

(2) Protease production capacity determination of strain DZS11

And (3) inoculating the target strain obtained in the primary screening process to a milk flat plate, culturing at 37 ℃ for 24h, forming a transparent ring around a bacterial colony, directly observing the diameter ratio of the transparent ring to the thallus, and preliminarily determining the protease activity. Inoculating the strain with higher protease to a fermentation medium, performing shake culture at 37 ℃ for 24-48h, centrifuging fermentation culture solution at 2-3 time points, taking supernatant to detect protease activity, and re-screening the protease activity of the strain.

The protease activity determination method is performed by GB/T28715-2012.

Meanwhile, the protease activity of the DZS11 strain is higher through primary screening comparison of protease. The neutral protease activity of the strain DZS11 was determined to be 65.9U (lug tyrosine produced by hydrolyzing casein at 40 ℃ per minute at pH7.2 by protease, defined as 1 protease activity unit) and the acid protease activity was 41.6U (lug tyrosine produced by hydrolyzing casein at 40 ℃ per minute at pH3.0 by protease, defined as 1 protease activity unit) by quantitative protease activity determination. The comparison of the amylase-producing activity and protease-producing activity of the strain and other effective probiotic strains in laboratories and certain isolated strains of domestic and foreign products (domestic 3-1 is isolated from a product of the blue sky, and foreign K1 is isolated from a product of the Kehansen family) is shown in the following table 1:

table 1: enzyme activity determination of bacillus subtilis strain in part of laboratories

(3) Determination of the tolerance of Artificial gastric juice

1g of DZS11 strain powder was dissolved in 9ml of sterilized physiological saline, shaken and mixed well, and then counted by a dilution spread plate method. Adding 1ml of the bacterial liquid into 9ml of artificial gastric juice, standing for 2 hours at 37 ℃, counting by a dilution coating flat plate method, wherein the ratio of the concentration of the residual viable bacteria to the concentration of the original bacteria is 90.2 percent, and the bacteria can better survive in the artificial gastric juice.

(4) Tolerance determination of artificial bile salts

1g of DZS11 strain powder was dissolved in 9ml of sterilized physiological saline, shaken and mixed well, and then counted by a dilution spread plate method. The bacterial liquid 1ml is added into artificial bile salt 9ml, and is stood for 2 hours at 37 ℃, and the ratio of the concentration of the residual viable bacteria to the concentration of the original bacteria is 91.6 percent by a dilution coating flat plate method, and the bacteria can better survive in the artificial bile salt.

Example 2 determination of heat resistance of Bacillus subtilis DZS11 bacterial liquid

After bacillus subtilis is fermented for 18 hours in a 30L fermentation tank, amylase, neutral protease and acid protease of the bacillus subtilis are respectively measured after a plurality of treatments are carried out on the fermentation liquor. The measurement results are shown in table 2:

TABLE 2 Heat-resistant results of enzyme activity of Bacillus subtilis DZS11

The experimental results show that after the fermentation liquor is sprayed and dried under the conditions that the air inlet temperature is 185 ℃ and the air outlet temperature is 80 ℃, the three enzyme activities are basically unchanged compared with the original fermentation liquor, and the enzyme activities are basically not lost by the spray drying process. The acid protease is treated under various conditions, and the reduction is less than that of the original fermentation liquor, which shows that the acid protease has stronger thermal stability. In addition, 29% of amylase and 67% of neutral protease were lost after treatment at 80 ℃ for 5 min. After 10min treatment at 80 ℃, the amylase loss is 77 percent, and the neutral protease loss is 72 percent. After 90 ℃ treatment, the loss of amylase is over 90 percent, and the loss of neutral protease is basically kept at 73 percent.

Example 3 fermentation of Bacillus subtilis DZS11 and preparation of bacterial powder

Fermenting the bacillus subtilis DZS11, namely preparing a fermentation medium from 0.5% of corn flour, 1% of bean cake powder, 0.4% of cane sugar, 0.6% of fish meal, 0.1% of calcium carbonate, 0.1% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2% of magnesium sulfate, 0.025% of ferrous sulfate and 0.025% of manganese sulfate according to a proportion to prepare a fermentation liquid, then adjusting the pH to 7.2, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 30min, cooling to 37 ℃, inoculating a seed liquid with the age of 16h into the fermentation liquid, wherein the inoculation amount is 3%, the rotation speed is maintained at 37 ℃, the aeration ratio is 1:0.4, the pot pressure is 0.05, culturing to 18h as the fermentation end point, and putting the pot to obtain the bacillus subtilis DZS11 with the viable count of 6.21 × 10⁹CFU/mL。

Adding spray-drying protective agent (0.8% of glycerol, 0.2% of sodium glutamate and 19% of corn starch) into the fermentation liquor, and spray-drying at high temperature to obtain Bacillus subtilis powder with viable count of about 60 hundred million CFU/g.

Example 4 screening of Lactobacillus plantarum DZS12

1. Preliminary screening

Collecting 20 parts of piglet excrement samples, respectively weighing 10g of excrement samples, adding 90mL of sterile water to prepare bacterial suspension, oscillating for 30min at 180r/min, diluting to a proper gradient in a gradient manner, coating on an MRS culture medium, and culturing to obtain 26 strains of lactic acid bacteria.

The preparation method of the MRS liquid culture medium comprises the following steps: 10.0g of peptone, 10.0g of beef extract, 5.0g of yeast extract, 2.0g of diammonium hydrogen citrate, 20.0g of glucose, 801.0 mL of tween, 5.0g of sodium acetate, 2.0g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.58g of magnesium sulfate, 0.25g of manganese sulfate, pH 6.2-6.6, 1000mL of distilled water, and sterilizing by high-pressure steam for later use.

The preparation method of the MRS solid culture medium comprises the following steps: 10.0g of peptone, 10.0g of beef extract, 5.0g of yeast extract, 2.0g of diammonium hydrogen citrate, 20.0g of glucose, 801.0 mL of tween, 5.0g of sodium acetate, 2.0g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.58g of magnesium sulfate, 0.25g of manganese sulfate, 2% of agar, pH 6.2-6.6 and 1000mL of distilled water, and sterilizing by high-pressure steam for later use.

The preparation method of the LB solid medium comprises the following steps: 10g of peptone, 10g of sodium chloride, 5g of yeast extract, 2% of agar, pH7.0 and 1000mL of distilled water, and sterilizing the mixture by high-pressure steam for later use.

The preparation method of the LB liquid culture medium comprises the following steps: 10g of peptone, 10g of sodium chloride, 5g of yeast extract, pH7.0, 1000mL of distilled water and high-pressure steam sterilization for later use.

The preparation method of the artificial bile salt comprises the following steps: adding 0.3% pig bile salt into MRS broth culture medium, and sterilizing with high pressure steam.

2. Double sieve

(1) Determination of bacteriostatic ability

And (3) indication bacteria: inoculating Escherichia coli K88, Escherichia coli K99 and Salmonella in LB liquid culture solution, culturing at 37 deg.C and 180rpm for 15 hr;

preparing a lactic acid bacteria liquid: primarily screening and separating the obtained lactobacillus, inoculating the lactobacillus into MRS liquid culture solution, and statically culturing for 48h at 37 ℃;

in vitro antibacterial test, centrifuging the cultured lactobacillus solution for 48 hr, collecting supernatant, collecting sterilized 96-well plate, adding lactobacillus supernatant and pathogenic bacteria solution at a ratio of 1:1 to obtain a mixture with pathogenic bacteria concentration of 1 × 10⁶Culturing for 6h at 37 ℃ and 180rpm in CFU/mL; and the control group is a pathogenic bacteria liquid without adding an equal amount of MRS culture solution, and after the control group is taken out, the bacterial colony counting method is used for calculating the viable count of various pathogenic bacteria to calculate the concentration of the pathogenic bacteria in the mixed liquid and calculate the bacteriostasis rate.

The bacteriostasis rate is 1- (B)₁-B₀)/(A1-A0)×100％

A is the concentration of pathogenic bacteria in the control mixture, A₀Is 0h data, A₁Is 6h data;

b is the concentration of pathogenic bacteria in the mixed solution of the lactobacillus supernatant treatment group, B₀Is 0h data, B₁Is 6h data;

an in vitro bacteriostasis test shows that a lactic acid bacteria strain with obvious inhibition effect on the growth of Escherichia coli K88, Escherichia coli K99 and salmonella is obtained by screening and is named as DZS12(Lactobacillus plantarum DZS 12). The antibacterial composite effect is best, and the antibacterial rate of the antibacterial composite to Escherichia coli K88 reaches 85.34%; the bacteriostasis rate to Escherichia coli K99 reaches 81.59%; meanwhile, the bacteriostatic rate of the salmonella reaches 75.56 percent. The bacteriostatic ability of the strain is compared with that of other effective probiotic strains in laboratories and certain isolated strains of domestic and foreign products (domestic isolated from a product of Ulva, named 1-1, foreign isolated from a product of DSM, named DSM1) as shown in the following table 3:

TABLE 3 determination of the bacteriostatic ability of lactic acid bacteria strains

Through the table 3, it can be seen that the lactobacillus has more obvious bacteriostatic action compared with the lactobacillus screened in the domestic and foreign products and laboratories, and can effectively inhibit the proliferation of common pathogenic bacteria of livestock and poultry.

The strain is preserved in the China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) at 8 months and 20 days in 2015, the CGMCC is used for short, and the address is as follows: the microbial research institute of the national academy of sciences No. 3, Xilu No.1, Beijing, Chaoyang, and the preservation numbers are as follows: CGMCC No. 11262.

(2) Determination of the tolerance of Artificial gastric juice

Dissolving 1g of the bacterial powder in 9ml of sterilized normal saline, shaking and mixing uniformly, and counting by using a dilution coating plate method. Adding 1ml of the bacterial liquid into 9ml of artificial gastric juice, standing for 2 hours at 37 ℃, counting by a dilution coating flat plate method, wherein the ratio of the concentration of the residual viable bacteria to the concentration of the original bacteria is 97.6 percent, and the bacteria can better survive in the artificial gastric juice.

(3) Tolerance determination of artificial bile salts

Dissolving 1g of the bacterial powder in 9ml of sterilized normal saline, shaking and mixing uniformly, and counting by using a dilution coating plate method. The bacterial liquid 1ml is added into artificial bile salt 9ml, and is stood for 2 hours at 37 ℃, and the ratio of the concentration of the residual viable bacteria to the concentration of the original bacteria is 89.8 percent by counting by a dilution coating flat plate method, and the bacteria can better survive in the artificial bile salt.

Example 5 fermentation of Lactobacillus plantarum DZS12 and preparation of bacterial powder

Fermenting lactobacillus plantarum DZS12, namely, fermenting lactobacillus plantarum DZS12 by using a fermentation medium which is prepared from 1% of peptone, 1% of beef extract, 0.5% of yeast extract, 0.2% of diammonium hydrogen citrate, 2% of glucose, 800.1% of tween, 0.5% of sodium acetate, 0.2% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.058% of magnesium sulfate and 0.025% of manganese sulfate according to the inoculation amount of 3% of the volume ratio, inoculating the seed liquid of the lactobacillus plantarum for 18 hours into the fermentation medium, controlling the pH to be 7.2 in the fermentation process, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 37 ℃, rotating speed to be 300rpm, aeration ratio to be 1:0.4, tank pressure to be 0.05MPa, culturing for 18 hours to be a fermentation end point, and placing the fermentation tank to obtain lactobacillus plantarum DZS12 with the viable count of 4.5 × 10⁹CFU/mL。

Centrifuging the obtained fermentation liquid to obtain thallus, adding protectant solution (20% skimmed milk powder, 5% sucrose, 1% vitamin C, and 1% sodium glutamate) at ratio of thallus to protectant solution of 1:10, mixing, freeze drying to obtain lyophilized thallus powder with viable count of 2 × 10¹¹CFU/g。

Example 6 Microecological formulations

And (3) mixing the powder of the bacillus subtilis DZS11 and the powder of the lactobacillus plantarum DZS12 according to the weight ratio of 1:1 to obtain the microecological preparation.

Example 7 pregnancies

200g of beet pulp, 155g of soybean meal, 100g of bran, 40g of premix, 8g of soybean oil, 0.3g of microecologics, 0.2g of antioxidant, 0.1g of high temperature resistant phytase and the balance of corn.

Wherein each kilogram of premix contains 0.4g of Cu, 3.5g of Fe, 2.65g of Zn, 1.45g of Mn, 28.5mg of I, 7.25mg of Se, 16% of Ca, 3.5% of P, 190000IU of vitamin A, 625000IU of vitamin D3, 1625IU of vitamin E, 80mg of vitamin K3, 45mg of vitamin B1, 280mg of vitamin B2, 160mg of vitamin B6, 0.8mg of vitamin B12, 1200mg of nicotinamide, 625mg of calcium pantothenate, 220mg of folic acid, 25mg of biotin and 22g of choline chloride.

Example 8 late pregnancy feed

217g of soybean meal, 87g of beet pulp, 40g of wheat bran, 10.9g of calcium hydrophosphate, 10g of premix, 8.3g of calcium carbonate, 5g of sodium chloride, 2.636g of lysine (70%), 1.304g of threonine (98.5%), 0.9g of methionine (99%), 0.4g of microecological preparation, 0.2g of antioxidant, 0.1g of high-temperature resistant phytase and the balance of corn.

Wherein each kilogram of premix contains 0.45g of Cu, 3.8g of Fe, 2.38g of Zn, 1.5g of Mn, 28.5mg of I, 7.28mg of Se, 16% of Ca, 3.5% of P, 195000IU of vitamin A, 625000IU of vitamin D3, 1625IU of vitamin E, 80mg of vitamin K3, 45mg of vitamin B1, 280mg of vitamin B2, 165mg of vitamin B6, 0.8mg of vitamin B12, 1200mg of nicotinamide, 630g of calcium pantothenate, 220mg of folic acid, 25mg of biotin and 22g of choline chloride.

Example 9 lactation Material

220g of soybean meal, 60g of wheat bran, 45g of beet pulp, 40g of puffed soybean, 22g of soybean oil, 14.7g of stone powder, 12.1g of calcium hydrophosphate, 10g of premix, 5g of sodium chloride, 2.23g of lysine, 1.115 g of threonine, 0.5g of magnesium sulfate, 0.5g of mildew preventive, 0.4g of methionine, 0.3g of microecological preparation, 0.3g of antioxidant, 0.1g of high-temperature resistant phytase and the balance of corn.

Wherein each kilogram of premix contains 1.8g of Cu, 15g of Fe, 10g of Zn, 6g of Mn, 115mg of I, 30mg of Se, 975000IU of vitamin A, 215000 of vitamin D3, 8000IU of vitamin E, 220mg of vitamin K3, 150mg of vitamin B1, 850mg of vitamin B2, 500mg of vitamin B6, 2.5mg of vitamin B12, 3800mg of nicotinamide, 2200mg of calcium pantothenate, 750mg of folic acid, 65mg of biotin and 55g of choline chloride.

Example 10 aphrodisiac material for weaning

161g of soybean meal, 73.5g of bran, 50g of glucose, 50g of fermented soybean meal, 40g of beet meal, 13.3g of calcium hydrophosphate, 10.4g of stone powder, 10g of premix, 4g of sodium chloride, 2.95g of lysine, 0.76g of threonine, 0.4g of microecology, 0.2g of antioxidant, 0.2g of phytase, 0.2g of methionine and the balance of corn.

Wherein each kilogram of premix contains 1.5g of Cu, 18g of Fe, 10g of Zn, 6g of Mn, 115mg of I, 30mg of Se, 762500IU of vitamin A, 250000IU of vitamin D3, 3125IU of vitamin E, 280mg of vitamin K3, 180mg of vitamin B2, 1200mg of vitamin B2, 600mg of vitamin B6, 3mg of vitamin B12, 4800mg of nicotinamide, 2600mg of calcium pantothenate, 900mg of folic acid, 100mg of biotin and 70g of choline chloride.

Test example 1

80 healthy multiparous binary sows in a certain farm in the Shihe brook city with similar body conditions, breeding time, birth times and the like are selected, and the selected sows are randomly divided into two groups, namely a test group and a control group, wherein each group comprises 40 sows. Feeding 2.2-2.7Kg of the feed for the pre-pregnancy period of example 7 for 89 days of gestation, feeding the feed for the post-pregnancy period of example 8 for 90-107 days of gestation, properly adjusting the feeding amount according to the body type of the sow, 2.8-3.5 Kg/day/head, feeding the feed for the sow of example 9 from the birth bed to the lactation period, freely feeding, feeding the weaning aphrodisiac feed of example 10 from the weaning period of the piglet to the oestrus period of the sow, feeding the feed for the same brand of sow in 3-4 Kg/day/head, feeding the sow of the control group into two stages, namely feeding the complete feed for the other brands of gestation for 2-2.5 Kg/day/head for 0-89 days of gestation, feeding the feed for the same brand of weaning period from the weaning period to the breeding period, recording the number of the piglets and the healthy weight of the piglets of the experimental group and the control group, respectively, recording the weight of the piglets and the weaning weight after 19-21 days, the back fat of the sow on the obstetric table and the back fat at the time of weaning.

The invention relates to a daily ration and market daily ration component level comparison table:

TABLE 4

The results of the piglet trials are shown in the following table:

TABLE 5

The results of the sow trials are shown in the following table:

TABLE 6

Item	Test group	Control group
			Backfat (mm) of upper obstetric table	21.5±4.9	20.1±3.7
Weaning backfat (mm)	20.7±5.6	17.6±4.1
			Average feed intake	5.3±1.66	5.0±1.32
Number of constipation in sow	1	17
			Days to wean (non-productive days)	6.8±1.21	9.9±1.85

And (3) analyzing test results: the data show that the production performance of a piglet test group is obviously higher than that of a control group, particularly the birth weight and the weaning weight of piglets, and the method has important significance for shortening the marketing days of fattening pigs in the later period. The analysis of the test data of the sows shows that the palatability of the daily ration of the test group is better, the feed intake is high, the weight loss of the sows after weaning is reduced, a solid physiological foundation is laid for shortening the non-productive days of the sows, and the utilization rate of the sows is improved.

The sow is fed with daily rations with different nutrient concentrations according to the nutritional requirements in different physiological stages, and the sow is subjected to fine management to obtain better production results. The sow body type can be maintained and the embryo survival rate can be promoted by feeding the low-nutrition high-fiber daily ration due to stronger 'anabolism' during pregnancy, the litter size of the sow and the uniformity and the degree of the piglets are improved, a proper amount of vitamins and trace elements are required to be added and the nutrient concentration of the daily ration is required to be properly improved due to the development requirements of fetuses and mammary glands in the later period of pregnancy so as to meet the development of the fetuses, the birth weight and the healthy litter size of the piglets are further improved, the high digestibility of the daily ration during the lactation meets the requirements of the sow, and the fat does not fall off; on the other hand, the feed can provide high-quality protein and other nutrient sources for the piglets, the weaning weight of the piglets is improved, and in the weaning period, in order to shorten the nonproductive days of the sows, proper short-term optimal feeding is needed, the concentration of each nutrient component in the daily ration of the sows is adjusted to promote ovulation, and the oestrous days of the sows are shortened. In a word, the fine management can improve the production result of the sow, prolong the service life of the sow and create objective economic benefit for a pig farm.

Test example 2

The experiment is selected in a certain farm in river city of stone of Xinjiang province, 40 healthy multiparous great binary sows with similar body conditions, breeding time, birth times and the like are selected, the sows are randomly divided into 4 treatment groups according to the setting of fiber level, each group is divided into 5 groups, each group is divided into 2 pigs, the pigs are fed with daily ration with the fiber content of 4 percent, 6 percent, 8 percent and 10 percent in the early stage of pregnancy, and the pigs are uniformly fed with the feed in the later stage of pregnancy after 90 days in a transitional manner. Is taken freely in lactation period.

Feeding the test pigs in a single fence, managing by a specially-assigned person, feeding for 2 times a day, freely drinking water, normally preventing epidemic, breeding to the 90 th day of pregnancy, feeding the test group daily ration, wherein the feeding amount is 2.2-2.7Kg, feeding the feed at the later stage of pregnancy, gradually increasing the feeding amount to 3-3.5 Kg, freely taking the feed at the lactation stage, and observing and recording the conditions of appetite, drinking water, activities and the like of the test sows every day.

TABLE 7 Effect of dietary fiber on sow body weight

TABLE 8 Effect of dietary fiber on sow reproductive Performance

As can be seen from the table above, the fiber level in the daily ration of the sows in the gestation period is between 6 and 8 percent, which is beneficial to improving the reproductive performance of the sows.

The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sow feeding method is characterized in that a sow is divided into 4 different physiological stages, namely a pre-pregnancy stage, a post-pregnancy stage, a lactation stage and a weaning estrus stage, wherein the pre-pregnancy stage is from the first day of successful mating to 89 days of pregnancy, a feed for the pre-pregnancy stage is fed, the feed amount is 2.2-2.7 Kg/day/head, the post-pregnancy stage is from 90 days of pregnancy to 107 days of pregnancy, the feed for the post-pregnancy stage is fed, the feed amount is 2.8-3.5 Kg/day/head, the feed for the lactation stage is fed, the sow is fed with a free feed, the feed amount is ensured to reach 6Kg on a balance from 10 days to 18 days of lactation, the estrus stage is 10 days before the sow is mated, a corresponding weaning estrus promoting feed is fed, and the feed amount is 3-4 Kg/day/head until the sow oestrous again;

wherein each kilogram of the pregnancies period feed comprises the following components: 450-500 g of corn, 150-250 g of beet pulp, 150-180 g of soybean meal, 80-120 g of bran, 40g of premix, 6-10 g of soybean oil, 0.3g of microecological preparation, 0.1-0.3 g of antioxidant and 0.1g of phytase;

the feed for the later period of pregnancy comprises the following components per kilogram: 600-650 g of corn, 200-250 g of soybean meal, 50-100 g of beet pulp, 30-80 g of wheat bran, 40g of premix, 2-5 g of lysine, 1-3 g of threonine, 0.5-1.5 g of methionine, 0.4g of microecologics, 0.1-0.3 g of antioxidant and 0.1g of phytase;

the feed contains the following ingredients per kg: 550-600 g of corn, 180-220 g of soybean meal, 50-80 g of bran, 30-50 g of beet pulp, 30-50 g of expanded soybean, 15-35 g of soybean oil, 10-20 g of stone powder, 10-20 g of calcium hydrophosphate, 10-20 g of fish meal, 10g of premix, 3-8 g of sodium chloride, 3-5 g of lysine, 1-3 g of threonine, 0-1 g of magnesium sulfate, 0.1-0.5 g of methionine, 0.5g of mildew preventive, 0.4g of microecologics, 0.3g of antioxidant and 0.1g of phytase;

the weaning aphrodisiac feed contains the following components per kilogram: 550-600 g of corn, 120-200 g of soybean meal, 50-100 g of bran, 30-80 g of glucose, 30-70 g of fermented soybean meal, 30-60 g of beet meal, 10-15 g of calcium hydrophosphate, 8-12 g of stone powder, 3-6 g of sodium chloride, 10g of premix, 2-5 g of lysine, 0.5-1 g L-threonine, 0.1-0.3 g of methionine, 0.2g of phytase, 0.4g of microecological preparation and 0.2g of antioxidant.

2. The sow feeding method according to claim 1, wherein each kilogram of the premix comprises 0.3-0.6 g of Cu, 3-6 g of Fe, 1.8-3.5 g of Zn, 0.8-2.2 g of Mn, 10-45 mgI, 5-12 mg of Se, 14-18% of Ca, 3-4.5% of P, 10000-250000 IU of vitamin A, 45000-980000 IU of vitamin D3, 980-2200 IU of vitamin E, more than 65mg of vitamin K3, more than 42mg of vitamin B1, more than 250mg of vitamin B2, more than 150mg of vitamin B6, more than 0.7mg of vitamin B12, more than 1100mg of nicotinamide, more than 620mg of calcium pantothenate, more than 218mg of folic acid, more than 22mg of biotin and more than 20g of choline chloride.

3. The sow feeding method according to claim 1, wherein each kilogram of the premix in the feed contains 0.8-2.3 g of Cu, 10-24 g of Fe, 8-15 g of Zn, 5-10 g of Mn, 60-180 mg of I, 20-45 mg of Se, 500000-1700000 IU of vitamin A, 100000-350000 IU of vitamin D3, 5000-12000 IU of vitamin E, more than 210mg of vitamin K3, more than 800mg of vitamin B2, more than 470mg of vitamin B6, more than 2.2mg of vitamin B12, more than 3700mg of nicotinamide, more than 2000mg of calcium pantothenate, more than 700mg of folic acid, more than 60mg of biotin, more than 50g of choline chloride.

4. The sow feeding method according to claim 1, wherein each kilogram of premix of the weaning aphrodisiac feed contains 0.5-2.5 g of Cu, 6-30 g of Fe, 5-15 g of Zn, 2-10 g of Mn, 30-200 mg of I, 10-50 mg of Se, 325000 IU-1200000 IU of vitamin A, 100000-400000 IU of vitamin D3, 1250-5000 IU of vitamin E, more than 260mg of vitamin K3, more than 1000mg of vitamin B2, more than 580mg of vitamin B6, more than 2.8mg of vitamin B12, more than 4600mg of nicotinamide, more than 2500mg of calcium pantothenate, more than 875mg of folic acid, more than 80mg of biotin, more than 60g of choline chloride.

5. The sow feeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the probiotic comprises 100-300 million CFU/g lactic acid bacteria and 40-70 million CFU/g bacillus, wherein the lactic acid bacteria is Lactobacillus plantarum (CGMCC No. 11262), and the bacillus is Bacillus subtilis (CGMCC No. 11261).