CN106562036B - Boar feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Boar feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106562036B CN106562036B CN201510981184.9A CN201510981184A CN106562036B CN 106562036 B CN106562036 B CN 106562036B CN 201510981184 A CN201510981184 A CN 201510981184A CN 106562036 B CN106562036 B CN 106562036B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- boar
- vitamin
- boars
- feed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses boar feed which comprises corn, soybean meal, fish meal, wheat germ, expanded soybean, calcium hydrophosphate, stone powder, salt, 50 percent choline chloride, a microecological preparation, lysine, methionine, threonine and 0.5-1 part of boar premix, wherein each kilogram of the boar premix comprises 3500IU of vitamin A, 12000IU of vitamin D, 4500IU of vitamin D750, 20-100IU of vitamin E, 4-35 mg of copper, 50-250 mg of iron, 40-150 mg of zinc, 16-80 mg of manganese, 0.2-0.8 g of L-carnitine, 5-15 g of omega 3 fish oil, 0.1-0.3 g of yeast selenium and 0.5-2 g of MCT (medium chain fatty acid). The feed for the boars is added with VA, VE, carnitine, omega 3 fish oil and MCT (medium chain fatty acid), and is matched with the microecology of the feed for the boars to use, so that the sperm density and the total sperm count of the boars are improved, the sperm aberration rate of the boars is obviously reduced, and the reproductive performance of the boars is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of animal feed, and particularly relates to a boar feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
According to statistics, the annual average litter size of the multiparous sows in the world is 21-23, while the annual average litter size of the multiparous sows in China is below 17 and far lower than the world average level. The breeding performance of the boars directly influences the quantity and quality of offspring and the economic benefit of a pig farm, and the nutrition is one of the main factors influencing the breeding potential of the boars. Although breeding boar feeds are sold in the market, most of the breeding boar feeds can cause fast boar fattening, late sexual maturity, weak libido and abnormal testicular function, so that sperms cannot be normally produced, and finally, the reproductive performance and the health condition of the boars are reduced. At present, the research on the boar nutrition prescription is less, which is caused by the reasons that the producer attaches little attention to the boar nutrition, the cost is high, the breed of the boar fed in a single pig farm is limited, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a boar feed, and aims to prolong the service life of breeding boars, improve the semen quality and reduce the economic loss caused by the elimination of the breeding boars to the maximum extent.
The boar feed provided by the invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 700 parts of corn-, medium-chain fatty acid MCT0.5-2 g.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the boar feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 650 parts of corn, 180 parts of soybean meal, 50 parts of fish meal, 50 parts of wheat germ, 30 parts of expanded soybean, 14 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 10 parts of stone powder, 5 parts of salt, 1.5 parts of 50% choline chloride, 0.2 part of microecological preparation and 0.8 part of boar premix, wherein each kilogram of the boar premix comprises 3500IU of vitamin A, 12000IU of vitamin D, 750-4500IU of vitamin D, 20-100IU of vitamin E, 4-35 mg of copper, 50-250 mg of iron, 40-150 mg of zinc and 16-80 mg of manganese. Carnitine 0.4 g, omega 3 fish oil 10g, yeast selenium 0.15 g, medium chain fatty acid MCT 1 g.
Wherein the microecological preparation comprises Lactobacillus acidophilus (Lactobacillus acidophilus) powder, Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) powder and Lactobacillus plantarum (Lactobacillus plantarum) powder.
The lactobacillus acidophilus is preferably lactobacillus acidophilus CGMCC No.6499, the bacillus subtilis is preferably bacillus subtilis CGMCC No.11261, and the lactobacillus plantarum is preferably lactobacillus plantarum CGMCC No. 11262.
The Lactobacillus acidophilus (Lactobacillus acidophilus) is separated from pig manure by the applicant, and has the following biological characteristics: bacilli, gram-positive bacilli, generally form a chain rod or a ball rod shape, with round ends, 0.6-0.9 × 1.5-6 μm, occurring in single, double or short chain; no movement, no flagellum, no branch, small colony, slight bulge, irregularity, milky white, smooth, glossy, viscous, no special pigment, observation with magnifying glass, deep display under microscope, deep display winding, or microvilli filament, extending from the center of the pile. Is microaerophilic bacterium, grows on the surface of the solid matrix under the environment of no oxygen or low oxygen partial pressure, and 5 to 10 percent of carbon dioxide can promote the proliferation of lactobacillus acidophilus. Can assimilate amygdalin, cellobiose, esculin, fructose, maltose, galactose, lactose, sucrose, mannose, melibiose, raffinose, and trehalose, and cannot assimilate arabinose, gluconate, and mannose. Homofermentation to produce DL-lactic acid. Does not grow at the temperature of 20 ℃, the optimal growth temperature is 35-38 ℃, the initial growth pH value is 5.0-7.0, and the optimal growth pH value is 5.5-6.0.
The lactobacillus acidophilus has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the acid resistance is strong, the lactobacillus can grow in the environment where other lactobacillus can not grow, the planting capacity is strong, namely a large number of live bacteria can smoothly enter the intestinal tract to play the probiotic function.
(2) Can secrete antibiotic substances (acidophilic lactocin, acidophilic bacitracin, and lactein) to antagonize intestinal pathogenic bacteria.
(3) The acid production capacity is strong, lactic acid and acetic acid can be produced in the intestinal tract, and on one hand, the enteric-coated tablet is beneficial to effectively inhibiting common pathogenic bacteria of animal intestinal tract such as Escherichia coli K88, K99 and staphylococcus aureus; on the other hand, the utilization rate of calcium, phosphorus and iron can be improved, and the absorption of iron and vitamin D is promoted.
(4) Can produce vitamin K and vitamin B to supplement vitamins for animal body; and the feed can also secrete protease, promote the digestion and absorption of protein, fully meet the nutritional requirements of piglets, enhance the stress resistance and disease resistance of organisms, improve the daily gain, and further reduce the production cost.
The Lactobacillus acidophilus (Lactobacillus acidophilus) applicant of the present invention has been deposited in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) in 9/4/2012, with the address: the collection number of the microorganism research institute of Chinese academy of sciences, No. 3 Xilu No.1 Beijing, Chaoyang, and China is CGMCC No. 6499.
The bacillus subtilis is obtained by separating piglet feces and performing primary screening and secondary screening, and the colony on an LB culture medium is milky white, round, moist, smooth in surface, irregular in edge and opaque. The bacteria are rod-shaped, exist in single or short-chain arrangement, and produce spores through gram-positive strains.
The selected strain is identified after 16s rDNA PCR amplification by using the bacterial universal primer pair, and the strain with the highest similarity (100%) is the bacillus subtilis after the NCBI sequence comparison result, so that the molecular identification DZS11 is the bacillus subtilis.
The strain is named as Bacillus subtilis DZS11(Bacillus subtilis DZS11), is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) at 8 months and 20 days 2015, and has the address: the microbial research institute of the national academy of sciences No. 3, Xilu No.1, Beijing, Chaoyang, and the preservation numbers are as follows: CGMCC No. 11261.
The lactobacillus plantarum is obtained by separating piglet feces and performing primary screening and secondary screening, and the colony on an MRS culture medium is light white, round, moist, liquid drop-shaped, convex, smooth in surface, glossy, neat in edge and opaque. The bacteria are rod-shaped, exist singly or in short-chain arrangement, are gram-positive strains, and have no spores. The lactobacillus plantarum is preliminarily identified.
The selected strain is identified after 16s rDNA PCR amplification by using the bacterial universal primer pair, and the strain with the highest similarity (100%) is the lactobacillus plantarum after the NCBI sequence comparison result, so the molecular identification DZS12 is the lactobacillus plantarum.
The strain is named as Lactobacillus plantarum DZS12(Lactobacillus plantarum DZS12), and is preserved in China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC) at 8-20 th month 2015, with the address as follows: the microbial research institute of the national academy of sciences No. 3, Xilu No.1, Beijing, Chaoyang, and the preservation numbers are as follows: CGMCC No. 11262.
The trace element selenium plays an important biological function in the growth, development and metabolic processes of animals, has important functions in the aspects of stress resistance, growth and development promotion, animal reproductive capacity promotion, immunity improvement, meat quality improvement and the like, and also has important antioxidation by participating in the synthesis of selenoprotein and selenium-containing enzyme. Compared with inorganic selenium, the organic selenium represented by the yeast selenium can effectively improve the feed conversion rate, the survival rate and the reproductive performance of pigs, the selenium content in pork and the pork quality, improve the absorption utilization rate and reduce the environmental pollution. Selenium in the selenium yeast is efficiently utilized by the boars, participates in the composition of antioxidant enzyme and sperms by influencing the secretion of androgen, and regulates and controls the process of spermatogenesis and maturation, thereby finally improving the quality of semen.
The L-carnitine can promote effective absorption and conversion of vitamins, amino acids and the like in vivo, so that the ejaculation amount of a boar at each time is improved, the integrity of a sperm acrosome is improved, the aberration rate is reduced, the sperm motility and the linear movement sperm proportion are improved, the health is maintained, the reproductive period of the boar is prolonged, and the conception rate of the sow is improved.
Since 32.9% of fat content in boar sperm is omega 3, it is clear that boar sperm quality is reduced with reduced omega 3. The fish oil is an important source of omega 3 fatty acid, and the addition of a proper amount of fish oil can improve the activity of sperms, reduce the teratogenesis rate of the sperms, improve the effective sperm count and the sperm count with complete acrosomes and effectively improve the quality of the sperms.
The MCT has special physiological characteristics, is different from the absorption mechanism of long-chain fatty acid, does not depend on the shuttle limit of carnitine, and can absorb and supply energy within 3-4 minutes. Can effectively reduce stress, has antibacterial and antiviral effects, can rapidly supplement energy, and maintain vigorous energy of boars.
Antibiotics cannot be added into the feed for the boars, and the microecology is specially added into the feed because the antibiotics can generate negative influence on the quality of semen. It can promote intestinal health, enhance boar immunity, and improve semen quality.
The feed for the boars is added with VE, organic selenium, L-carnitine, omega 3 fish oil and medium-chain fatty acid MCT, and is matched with the microecology of the feed for the boars to use, so that the sperm density and the total sperm count of the boars are improved, the sperm motility is improved, the sperm aberration rate of the boars is obviously reduced, and the reproductive performance of the boars is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 Effect of feed on boar sperm density. Landrace: growing white; yorkshire: white; duroc: duroc; segher: scotch.
Figure 2 effect of different feeds on total sperm count of breeding boars. Landrace: growing white; yorkshire: white; duroc: duroc; seghers: scotch.
FIG. 3 the effect of different feeds on sperm teratogenesis rate of breeding boars. Landrace: growing white; yorkshire: white; duroc: duroc; seghers: scotch.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1 preparation of Lactobacillus acidophilus CGMCC No.6499 powder
1) Preparation of lactobacillus acidophilus seed liquid: inoculating the test tube slant preserved strain into an anaerobic tube filled with 20mL of MRS culture medium, and carrying out anaerobic culture at a constant temperature of 37 ℃ for 16-24h until the number of viable bacteria reaches 107Inoculating CFU/mL in a 250mL conical flask containing 100mL seed culture medium at 1%, and anaerobically culturing at 37 deg.C for 16-24 hr until viable count reaches 107CFU/mL or above, and using the seed liquid for standby.
The seed liquid MRS culture medium is as follows: peptone, 10.0 g/L; 8.0g/L of beef extract; 4.0g/L of yeast extract; glucose, 20.0 g/L; tween 80, 1 mL/L; dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 2.0 g/L; 5.0g/L of sodium acetate trihydrate; triammonium citrate, 2.0 g/L; magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.2 g/L; 0.05g/L of manganese sulfate; distilled water was added to 1000mL, pH 6.2. + -. 0.2.
2) Liquid submerged fermentation culture
A5L vertical fermentation tank is selected for liquid fermentation culture. Wherein the inoculation amount of the lactobacillus acidophilus seed liquid is 1 percent, the liquid loading amount is 65 percent, after anaerobic culture at 37 ℃ for 20 hours, the viable count in each milliliter of the liquid is measured, and when the viable count reaches 108And (5) above CFU/mL, and ending the fermentation culture after the irrigation is finished.
The fermentation medium consisted of: 50g of soybean peptone, 10g of glucose, 17g of yeast powder, 3g of oligosaccharide and distilled water are added to 1000mL, and the pH value is 6.0-6.5.
3) Preparation of freeze-dried powder
Through the production processes of centrifugation and concentration of fermentation liquor, addition of freeze-drying protective agent, vacuum freeze-drying, viable bacteria number test of bacterial powder and the like, the powdery viable bacteria preparation is finally prepared.
Taking 1g of the prepared powder viable bacteria preparation, and determining the viable bacteria number in each gram of the bacteria powder according to the international GB/T4789.35-2003 method, wherein the viable bacteria number in the bacteria powder is more than 108CFU/g。
Example 2 screening of Bacillus subtilis DZS11
1. Preliminary screening
Collecting 10 parts of piglet excrement samples, respectively weighing 10g of soil samples, adding 90mL of sterile water to prepare bacterial suspension, treating in a water bath at 80 ℃ for 20min, oscillating at 180r/min for 30min, diluting in a gradient manner to a proper gradient, coating on an LB (LB) culture medium, and culturing to obtain 86 suspected bacillus.
Milk medium (for protease primary screening): dissolving 5g of skimmed milk in 50ml of distilled water; dissolving 1.5g agar in 50ml distilled water, sterilizing the two solutions respectively, cooling to 45-50 deg.C, mixing the two solutions, and pouring into flat plate to obtain milk flat plate. Plates were inverted overnight to allow surface moisture to dry, and then the strain was spotted onto the plates and the plates mixed overnight for use. When preparing the culture medium, milk and agar are mixed and sterilized to prevent coagulation of milk.
Starch hydrolysis plate (for amylase primary screen): LB medium, 0.2% soluble starch added, sterilized and poured into plates.
The preparation method of the physiological saline comprises the following steps: 0.85% sodium chloride, and sterilizing with high pressure steam.
The preparation method of the artificial gastric juice comprises the following steps: 1% pepsin, 0.85% sodium chloride, adjusting pH to 2.0 with hydrochloric acid, filtering and sterilizing for later use.
The preparation method of the LB solid medium comprises the following steps: 10g of peptone, 10g of sodium chloride, 5g of yeast extract, 2% of agar, pH7.0 and sterilizing by high-pressure steam for later use.
The preparation method of the LB liquid culture medium comprises the following steps: 10g of peptone, 10g of sodium chloride, 5g of yeast extract, pH7.0 and high-pressure steam sterilization for later use.
The preparation method of the artificial bile salt comprises the following steps: adding 0.3% pig bile salt into LB liquid culture medium, and sterilizing with high pressure steam.
2. Double sieve
(1) The viable count of DZS11 bacteria powder detected by a plate colony counting method is about 1010CFU/g。
(2) Determination of amylase producing ability of strain DZS11
And (3) inoculating the target strain obtained in the primary screening process to a starch hydrolysis flat plate, culturing at 37 ℃ for 24h, adding Luo's iodine solution, dyeing for 1min, observing the diameter ratio of the transparent ring to the thallus, and primarily determining the activity of the amylase. Inoculating the amylase-rich strain into a fermentation medium, performing shake culture at 37 ℃ for 24-48h, centrifuging fermentation culture solution at 2-3 time points, taking supernatant to detect the activity of amylase and glucoamylase, and re-screening the amylase activity of the strain.
The amylase activity is measured by GB/T18932.16-2003.
And obtaining a strain with the largest diameter ratio of the transparent ring to the thallus through primary screening, wherein the strain is named as DZS 11. The amylase activity of the strain DZS11 was 3285.87U (amylase hydrolyzed 1ml of 1% starch in 1h per ml of bacterial solution at 40 ℃ C. and defined as 1 amylase activity unit) as determined by amylase activity quantification.
(3) Protease production capacity determination of strain DZS11
And (3) inoculating the target strain obtained in the primary screening process to a milk flat plate, culturing at 37 ℃ for 24h, forming a transparent ring around a bacterial colony, directly observing the diameter ratio of the transparent ring to the thallus, and preliminarily determining the protease activity. Inoculating the strain with higher protease to a fermentation medium, performing shake culture at 37 ℃ for 24-48h, centrifuging fermentation culture solution at 2-3 time points, taking supernatant to detect protease activity, and re-screening the protease activity of the strain.
The protease activity determination method is performed by GB/T28715-2012.
Meanwhile, the protease activity of the DZS11 strain is higher through primary screening comparison of protease. The neutral protease activity of the strain DZS11 was determined to be 65.9U (lug tyrosine produced by hydrolyzing casein at 40 ℃ per minute at pH7.2 by protease, defined as 1 protease activity unit) and the acid protease activity was 41.6U (lug tyrosine produced by hydrolyzing casein at 40 ℃ per minute at pH3.0 by protease, defined as 1 protease activity unit) by quantitative protease activity determination. The comparison of the amylase-producing activity and protease-producing activity of the strain and other effective probiotic strains in laboratories and certain isolated strains of domestic and foreign products (domestic 3-1 is isolated from a product of the blue sky, and foreign K1 is isolated from a product of the Kehansen family) is shown in the following table 1:
table 1: enzyme activity determination of bacillus subtilis strain in part of laboratories
(4) Determination of the tolerance of Artificial gastric juice
1g of DZS11 strain powder was dissolved in 9ml of sterilized physiological saline, shaken and mixed well, and then counted by a dilution spread plate method. Adding 1ml of the bacterial liquid into 9ml of artificial gastric juice, standing for 2 hours at 37 ℃, counting by a dilution coating flat plate method, wherein the ratio of the concentration of the residual viable bacteria to the concentration of the original bacteria is 90.2 percent, and the bacteria can better survive in the artificial gastric juice.
(5) Tolerance determination of artificial bile salts
1g of DZS11 strain powder was dissolved in 9ml of sterilized physiological saline, shaken and mixed well, and then counted by a dilution spread plate method. The bacterial liquid 1ml is added into artificial bile salt 9ml, and is stood for 2 hours at 37 ℃, and the ratio of the concentration of the residual viable bacteria to the concentration of the original bacteria is 91.6 percent by a dilution coating flat plate method, and the bacteria can better survive in the artificial bile salt.
EXAMPLE 3 preparation of Bacillus subtilis DZS11 bacterial powder
Fermenting the bacillus subtilis DZS11, namely preparing a fermentation medium from 0.5% of corn flour, 1% of bean cake powder, 0.4% of cane sugar, 0.6% of fish meal, 0.1% of calcium carbonate, 0.1% of monopotassium phosphate, 0.2% of magnesium sulfate, 0.025% of ferrous sulfate and 0.025% of manganese sulfate according to a proportion to prepare a fermentation liquid, then adjusting the pH to 7.2, sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 30min, cooling to 37 ℃, inoculating a seed liquid with the age of 16h into the fermentation liquid, wherein the inoculation amount is 3%, the rotation speed is maintained at 37 ℃, the aeration ratio is 1:0.4, the pot pressure is 0.05, culturing to 18h as the fermentation end point, and putting the pot to obtain the bacillus subtilis DZS11 with the viable count of 6.21 × 109CFU/mL。
Adding spray-drying protective agent (0.8% of glycerol, 0.2% of sodium glutamate and 19% of corn starch) into the fermentation liquor, and spray-drying at high temperature to obtain bacillus subtilis powder with about 45 hundred million/g viable count.
Example 4 screening of Lactobacillus plantarum DZS12
1. Preliminary screening
Collecting 20 parts of piglet excrement samples, respectively weighing 10g of excrement samples, adding 90mL of sterile water to prepare bacterial suspension, oscillating for 30min at 180r/min, diluting to a proper gradient in a gradient manner, coating on an MRS culture medium, and culturing to obtain 26 strains of lactic acid bacteria.
The preparation method of the physiological saline comprises the following steps: 0.85% sodium chloride, and sterilizing with high pressure steam.
The preparation method of the artificial gastric juice comprises the following steps: 1% pepsin, 0.85% sodium chloride, adjusting pH to 2.0 with hydrochloric acid, filtering and sterilizing for later use.
The preparation method of the MRS liquid culture medium comprises the following steps: 10.0g of peptone, 10.0g of beef extract, 5.0g of yeast extract, 2.0g of diammonium hydrogen citrate, 20.0g of glucose, 801.0mL of tween, 5.0g of sodium acetate, 2.0g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.58g of magnesium sulfate, 0.25g of manganese sulfate, pH 6.2-6.6, 1000mL of distilled water, and sterilizing by high-pressure steam for later use.
The preparation method of the MRS solid culture medium comprises the following steps: 10.0g of peptone, 10.0g of beef extract, 5.0g of yeast extract, 2.0g of diammonium hydrogen citrate, 20.0g of glucose, 801.0mL of tween, 5.0g of sodium acetate, 2.0g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.58g of magnesium sulfate, 0.25g of manganese sulfate, 2% of agar, pH 6.2-6.6 and 1000mL of distilled water, and sterilizing by high-pressure steam for later use.
The preparation method of the LB solid medium comprises the following steps: 10g of peptone, 10g of sodium chloride, 5g of yeast extract, 2% of agar, pH7.0 and 1000mL of distilled water, and sterilizing the mixture by high-pressure steam for later use.
The preparation method of the LB liquid culture medium comprises the following steps: 10g of peptone, 10g of sodium chloride, 5g of yeast extract, pH7.0, 1000mL of distilled water and high-pressure steam sterilization for later use.
The preparation method of the artificial bile salt comprises the following steps: adding 0.3% pig bile salt into MRS broth culture medium, and sterilizing with high pressure steam.
2. Double sieve
(1) The viable count of the bacterial powder detected by a flat plate bacterial colony counting method is about 1011CFU/g。
(2) Determination of bacteriostatic ability
And (3) indication bacteria: inoculating Escherichia coli K88, Escherichia coli K99 and Salmonella in LB liquid culture solution, culturing at 37 deg.C and 180rpm for 15 hr;
preparing a lactic acid bacteria liquid: primarily screening and separating the obtained lactobacillus, inoculating the lactobacillus into MRS liquid culture solution, and statically culturing for 48h at 37 ℃;
in vitro antibacterial test, centrifuging the cultured lactobacillus solution for 48 hr, collecting supernatant, collecting sterilized 96-well plate, adding lactobacillus supernatant and pathogenic bacteria solution at a ratio of 1:1 to obtain a mixture with pathogenic bacteria concentration of 1 × 106Culturing for 6h at 37 ℃ and 180rpm in CFU/mL; and the control group is a pathogenic bacteria liquid without adding an equal amount of MRS culture solution, and after the control group is taken out, the bacterial colony counting method is used for calculating the viable count of various pathogenic bacteria to calculate the concentration of the pathogenic bacteria in the mixed liquid and calculate the bacteriostasis rate.
The bacteriostasis rate is 1- (B)1-B0)/(A1-A0)×100％
A is the concentration of pathogenic bacteria in the control mixture, A0Is 0h data, A1Is 6h data;
b is the concentration of pathogenic bacteria in the mixed solution of the lactobacillus supernatant treatment group, B0Is 0h data, B1Is 6h data;
an in vitro bacteriostasis test is carried out, and a lactic acid bacteria strain with obvious inhibition effect on the growth of escherichia coli K88, escherichia coli K99 and salmonella is obtained by screening and is named as DZS 12. The antibacterial composite effect is best, and the antibacterial rate of the antibacterial composite to Escherichia coli K88 reaches 85.34%; the bacteriostasis rate to Escherichia coli K99 reaches 81.59%; meanwhile, the bacteriostatic rate of the salmonella reaches 75.56 percent. The bacteriostatic ability of the strain is compared with that of other effective probiotic strains in laboratories and certain isolated strains of domestic and foreign products (domestic isolated from a product of Ulva, named 1-1, foreign isolated from a product of DSM, named DSM1) as shown in the following table 2:
table 2: determination of bacteriostatic ability of lactic acid bacteria strain
As shown in Table 2, it can be seen that the lactobacillus has more obvious bacteriostatic action compared with the lactobacillus screened in the domestic and foreign products and laboratories, and can effectively inhibit the proliferation of common pathogenic bacteria of livestock and poultry.
(3) Determination of the tolerance of Artificial gastric juice
Dissolving 1g of the bacterial powder in 9ml of sterilized normal saline, shaking and mixing uniformly, and counting by using a dilution coating plate method. Adding 1ml of the bacterial liquid into 9ml of artificial gastric juice, standing for 2 hours at 37 ℃, counting by a dilution coating flat plate method, wherein the ratio of the concentration of the residual viable bacteria to the concentration of the original bacteria is 97.6 percent, and the bacteria can better survive in the artificial gastric juice.
(4) Tolerance determination of artificial bile salts
Dissolving 1g of the bacterial powder in 9ml of sterilized normal saline, shaking and mixing uniformly, and counting by using a dilution coating plate method. The bacterial liquid 1ml is added into artificial bile salt 9ml, and is stood for 2 hours at 37 ℃, and the ratio of the concentration of the residual viable bacteria to the concentration of the original bacteria is 89.8 percent by counting by a dilution coating flat plate method, and the bacteria can better survive in the artificial bile salt.
Example 5 fermentation of Lactobacillus plantarum DZS12
Fermentation of lactobacillus plantarum DZS 12: the fermentation medium usedThe method is characterized by comprising the following steps of preparing, by weight, 1% of peptone, 1% of beef extract, 0.5% of yeast extract, 0.2% of diammonium hydrogen citrate, 2% of glucose, 800.1% of tween, 0.5% of sodium acetate, 0.2% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.058% of magnesium sulfate and 0.025% of manganese sulfate, inoculating seed liquid of lactobacillus plantarum cultured for 18 hours into a fermentation medium according to the inoculation amount of 3% of volume ratio, controlling the pH to be 7.2 in the fermentation process, the fermentation temperature to be 37 ℃, the rotation speed to be 300rpm, the aeration ratio to be 1:0.4 and the tank pressure to be 0.05MPa, culturing until 18 hours are the fermentation end point, and putting the lactobacillus plantarum DZS12 to obtain the lactobacillus plantarum with the viable count of 4.5 × 109CFU/mL。
Centrifuging the obtained fermentation liquid to obtain thallus, adding protectant solution (20% skimmed milk powder, 5% sucrose, 1% vitamin C, and 1% sodium glutamate) at ratio of thallus to protectant solution of 1:10, mixing, freeze drying to obtain lyophilized thallus powder with viable count of 2 × 1011CFU/g。
Example 6 Microecological preparation
Compounding the prepared bacterial powder and corncob powder according to the weight ratio of 1:1:1:20 to obtain a composite microecological preparation, wherein the total viable bacteria number of the finished microecological preparation after microscopic examination and compounding is more than 108CFU/g。
Example 7
500 parts of corn, 150 parts of soybean meal, 55 parts of fish meal, 40 parts of wheat germ, 40 parts of puffed soybean, 15 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 8 parts of stone powder, 8 parts of salt, 2 parts of 50% choline chloride, 0.3 part of microecological preparation, 1 part of lysine, 0.5 part of methionine, 0.5-1 part of threonine and 1 part of boar premix.
Wherein each kilogram of the boar premix comprises 3500Iu of vitamin A, 4500Iu of vitamin D, 20Iu of vitamin E, 4 mg of copper, 250 mg of iron, 40 mg of zinc, 80 mg of manganese, 0.8 g of carnitine, 15 g of omega 3 fish oil, 0.1 g of yeast selenium and 2g of MCT (medium chain fatty acid).
Example 8
700 parts of corn, 200 parts of soybean meal, 30 parts of fish meal, 60 parts of wheat germ, 20 parts of puffed soybean, 10 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 15 parts of stone powder, 2 parts of salt, 1 part of 50% choline chloride, 0.1 part of microecological preparation, 0.5 part of lysine, 0.2-0.5 part of methionine, 0.5-1 part of threonine and 0.5 part of boar premix.
Each kilogram of the boar premix comprises 12000Iu of vitamin A, 4500Iu of vitamin D, 100Iu of vitamin E, 35 mg of copper, 50 mg of iron, 150 mg of zinc, 16-mg of manganese, 0.2g of carnitine, 5g of omega 3 fish oil, 0.3 g of yeast selenium and 0.5 g of MCT (medium chain fatty acid).
Example 9
650 parts of corn, 180 parts of soybean meal, 50 parts of fish meal, 50 parts of wheat germ, 30 parts of puffed soybean, 14 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 10 parts of stone powder, 5 parts of salt, 1.5 parts of 50 percent choline chloride, 0.2 part of microecological preparation and 0.8 part of boar premix.
Each kilogram of the premix for the boar comprises 3500IU of vitamin A, 12000IU of vitamin D, 750-4500IU of vitamin D, 20-100IU of vitamin E, 4-35 mg of copper, 50-250 mg of iron, 40-150 mg of zinc and 16-80 mg of manganese. Carnitine 0.4 g, omega 3 fish oil 10g, yeast selenium 0.15 g, medium chain fatty acid MCT 1 g.
Test example 1
1.1 test time and location
2015.3-2015.6 are carried out in a boar breeding station in a Chen district Xinxin fine breed pig breeding field of Bao chicken city.
1.2 test animals
In the test, 24 adult male boars (26-32 months old) are selected from 4 breeds (Dabai, York, Duroc and Scoger matched series) of the breeding boar station. 6 heads of each variety were randomly selected at all 3 heads as control group and the remaining 3 heads as test group.
1.3 design of the experiment
The test adopts a two-factor cross test, the pigs participating in the test are raised in the same pigsty, and the pigsty environment control is completely the same. The control group boars were fed with commercial boar feed purchased directly and the test group was fed with the boar feed prepared in example 9.
The feed is fed in a way of free drinking water for 2 times a day, 1.5kg each time. 30 days after the test is started are a transition period and then a positive test period (60 days), and the transition period and the positive test period adopt semen normally and adopt semen once every 3 days.
1.3 test methods
1.3.1 semen Collection
Boar semen is collected by hand method and strictly performed according to the national standard (GB/T25172-.
1.3.2 semen Density
The sperm density of the original semen was measured using a Nucleocounter SP-100 sperm densitometer manufactured by ChemMetec, Denmark, three times for each semen, and the average was calculated.
1.3.3 product and Total sperm count
Weighing semen mass as semen total volume by using an electronic analytical balance, wherein ml is taken as a unit; total number of sperm (billion) — sperm density (billion/ml) × amount of sperm (ml).
1.3.4 sperm teratogenicity calculation
Calculations were performed using Giemsa staining. Sucking 30 mul of original semen drops, uniformly smearing the original semen drops on a glass slide, and naturally drying the original semen drops; fixing with 95% ethanol for 30min, and naturally drying; and dyeing for 2 hours by using Giemsa solution, washing and naturally drying. The number of teratospermia was then observed under a microscope (400X) and 200 sperm were counted while the number of teratospermia was recorded and the percentage of teratospermia to total sperm was calculated.
1.4 data processing analysis the experimental data were processed using a sps 20.0 and one-way ANOVA for analysis of variance and significance.
2 results and analysis
2.1 Effect of different feeds on boar sperm Density
The effect of feed on boar sperm density is shown in figure 1. As can be seen from the following figure, the difference in sperm density between the test group of the Changbai boar and the Duroc boar is not significant compared with the control group; the sperm density of the test group of the large white and Sgger boars is obviously higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05); boars between breeds had insignificant differences in sperm density.
2.2 Effect of different feeds on the Total sperm count of boars
The effect of feed on the total sperm count in boar semen is shown in figure 2. The results show that the total sperm count of the boars fed by the feed of the test group is higher than that of the control group, and the difference of the total sperm count of the long and white boars of the test group is most obvious (p is more than 0.05).
2.3 Effect of different feeds on sperm teratogenesis of boars
The effect of different feeds on boar sperm teratogenesis is shown in figure 3. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the sperm teratogenesis rates of the large white, Duroc and Sword boars fed the test group fodder were significantly decreased compared to the control group (p < 0.05).
3 conclusion
The quality of the semen of the breeding boar is the most important index for measuring the reproductive performance of the breeding boar. The nutritional factors in the feed are important factors influencing the semen quality of the breeding boar.
Research shows that the organic selenium can enhance the sperm motility. In the experiment, the remarkable increase of the semen density of the white and Sger boars is promoted (figure 2), which shows that the organic selenium has a promoting effect on the generation of boar sperms.
VE, carnitine and fish oil can affect the growth and development of reproductive organs and the generation of sperms, thereby affecting the quality of semen. Research shows that the number of sperms of the boars VE and omega 3 is reduced when the boars VE and omega 3 are deficient, and the number of teratospermia is increased. Appropriate supplement of VE and omega 3, carnitine can improve boar reproductive performance, and is helpful for sperm maturation and sperm quality improvement. In the experiment, the boar semen density difference between the white and the sge boar is obvious (p is less than 0.05), which shows that the VE, the fish oil and the carnitine added in the feed of the experimental group have very good effect on improving the semen density and the total number of sperms of the York and sge boar (figures 1 and 2). In the test, the teratospermia rates of different feeds on boar semen are greatly different (figure 3), which shows that the boar feed in the test group can obviously reduce the teratospermia rates of 3 breeds of Dalai, Duroc and Scge.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A boar feed comprises the following components in parts by weight: 700 parts of corn-, 0.5-2 g of medium-chain fatty acid MCT, wherein the microecological preparation consists of Lactobacillus acidophilus (CGMCC No. 6499), Bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis), Lactobacillus plantarum (CGMCC No. 11261) and corncob powder.
2. The boar feed according to claim 1, which consists of the following components in parts by weight: 650 parts of corn, 180 parts of soybean meal, 50 parts of fish meal, 50 parts of wheat germ, 30 parts of expanded soybean, 14 parts of calcium hydrophosphate, 10 parts of stone powder, 5 parts of salt, 1.5 parts of 50 percent choline chloride, 0.2 part of microecological preparation and 0.8 part of boar premix, wherein each kilogram of the boar premix comprises 3500IU of vitamin A, 12000IU of vitamin D, 750-4500IU of vitamin D, 20-100IU of vitamin E, 4-35 mg of copper, 50-250 mg of iron, 40-150 mg of zinc, 16-80 mg of manganese, 0.4 g of L-carnitine, 10g of omega 3 fish oil, 0.15 g of yeast selenium and 1g of medium-chain fatty acid MCT.
3. The method for preparing the boar feed according to claim 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
the production method comprises the following steps of crushing corn, soybean meal, puffed soybean, fish meal and wheat germ by using a 2.0-3.0 sieve grinder, mixing the crushed corn, soybean meal, puffed soybean, fish meal and wheat germ with calcium hydrophosphate, stone powder, salt, 50% choline chloride, a microecological preparation and a boar premix which are not required to be crushed according to the weight parts, and mixing for 1-3 minutes to obtain the feed.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510981184.9A CN106562036B (en) | 2015-12-24 | 2015-12-24 | Boar feed and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510981184.9A CN106562036B (en) | 2015-12-24 | 2015-12-24 | Boar feed and preparation method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106562036A CN106562036A (en) | 2017-04-19 |
| CN106562036B true CN106562036B (en) | 2020-08-14 |
Family
ID=58508654
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510981184.9A Active CN106562036B (en) | 2015-12-24 | 2015-12-24 | Boar feed and preparation method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106562036B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107484907A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2017-12-19 | 凤台县顺民养殖有限公司 | A kind of preparation method for the formula forage for improving Huaihe River pig boar semen quality |
| CN108041588A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-18 | 冯纪敏 | A kind of composition containing trehalose and its application |
| CN108094731A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-06-01 | 曲靖友美动物食品有限公司 | A kind of high-performance breeding boar feed and preparation method thereof and application method |
| CN108740421A (en) * | 2018-05-31 | 2018-11-06 | 上海新邦生物科技有限公司 | A kind of high temperature season improves the mixed feed of quality of boar semen |
| CN110305793A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-10-08 | 湖南化工职业技术学院 | The optimization method of the compound heat resistance pretectant of bacillus subtilis probiotics and its formula |
Citations (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1444453A (en) * | 2000-06-01 | 2003-09-24 | 联合饲料公司 | Animal food and method |
| CN101278702A (en) * | 2007-04-05 | 2008-10-08 | 北京大北农科技集团有限责任公司 | Novel microbial feed additive and method of producing the same |
| CN101530165A (en) * | 2009-04-23 | 2009-09-16 | 上海谱莱生物技术有限公司 | Animal feed composite microecologic agent |
| CN101779731A (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2010-07-21 | 韶关市颐林泉生物科技有限公司 | Feed additive |
| CN102113634A (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2011-07-06 | 马艳荣 | Pannage additive |
| CN102204645A (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2011-10-05 | 武汉回盛生物科技有限公司 | Compound premixed feed for breeding pigs and preparation method thereof |
| CN102232475A (en) * | 2011-04-15 | 2011-11-09 | 北京康华远景科技有限公司 | Physiological regulator for male animals and preparation method thereof |
| CN102459568A (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2012-05-16 | 先进生物营养公司 | Stable dry powder composition comprising biologically active microorganisms and/or bioactive materials and methods of making |
| CN102687806A (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2012-09-26 | 山川生物科技(武汉)有限公司 | Oil meal for improving breading stock reproductive performance and preparation method thereof |
| CN102885237A (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2013-01-23 | 淮安正昌饲料有限公司 | Health care type compound boar feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN102907585A (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2013-02-06 | 北京大北农科技集团股份有限公司 | Probiotics and vitamin premix and mixture for middle pig |
| CN102919557A (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2013-02-13 | 北京大北农科技集团股份有限公司 | Growing fattening pig probiotics composite premix and accessory material |
| CN103300243A (en) * | 2013-06-07 | 2013-09-18 | 北京大北农科技集团股份有限公司 | Lactobacillus acidophilus vitamin premix for weaned pigs and overhead price compound feed thereof |
| CN103598447A (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2014-02-26 | 哈尔滨大北农牧业科技有限公司 | Non-antibiotic sucking pig milk replacer and preparation method |
-
2015
- 2015-12-24 CN CN201510981184.9A patent/CN106562036B/en active Active
Patent Citations (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1444453A (en) * | 2000-06-01 | 2003-09-24 | 联合饲料公司 | Animal food and method |
| CN101278702A (en) * | 2007-04-05 | 2008-10-08 | 北京大北农科技集团有限责任公司 | Novel microbial feed additive and method of producing the same |
| CN101530165A (en) * | 2009-04-23 | 2009-09-16 | 上海谱莱生物技术有限公司 | Animal feed composite microecologic agent |
| CN102459568A (en) * | 2009-05-26 | 2012-05-16 | 先进生物营养公司 | Stable dry powder composition comprising biologically active microorganisms and/or bioactive materials and methods of making |
| CN101779731A (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2010-07-21 | 韶关市颐林泉生物科技有限公司 | Feed additive |
| CN102113634A (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2011-07-06 | 马艳荣 | Pannage additive |
| CN102687806A (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2012-09-26 | 山川生物科技(武汉)有限公司 | Oil meal for improving breading stock reproductive performance and preparation method thereof |
| CN102232475A (en) * | 2011-04-15 | 2011-11-09 | 北京康华远景科技有限公司 | Physiological regulator for male animals and preparation method thereof |
| CN102204645A (en) * | 2011-06-22 | 2011-10-05 | 武汉回盛生物科技有限公司 | Compound premixed feed for breeding pigs and preparation method thereof |
| CN102885237A (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2013-01-23 | 淮安正昌饲料有限公司 | Health care type compound boar feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN102907585A (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2013-02-06 | 北京大北农科技集团股份有限公司 | Probiotics and vitamin premix and mixture for middle pig |
| CN102919557A (en) * | 2012-11-12 | 2013-02-13 | 北京大北农科技集团股份有限公司 | Growing fattening pig probiotics composite premix and accessory material |
| CN103300243A (en) * | 2013-06-07 | 2013-09-18 | 北京大北农科技集团股份有限公司 | Lactobacillus acidophilus vitamin premix for weaned pigs and overhead price compound feed thereof |
| CN103598447A (en) * | 2013-10-16 | 2014-02-26 | 哈尔滨大北农牧业科技有限公司 | Non-antibiotic sucking pig milk replacer and preparation method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106562036A (en) | 2017-04-19 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106562036B (en) | Boar feed and preparation method thereof | |
| CN106906154B (en) | Lactobacillus plantarum strain, feed additive and feed thereof | |
| TWI574628B (en) | Method for using a bacillus subtilis strain to enhance animal health | |
| CN104195075B (en) | Enterococcus faecium EF08 as well as feed additive and feed containing enterococcus faecium EF08 | |
| CN107164269B (en) | Lactobacillus paracasei, preparation and application of lactobacillus paracasei in pig feed | |
| CN105595008B (en) | Laying period compound feed for improving healthy chick rate of egg-laying hens and preparation method thereof | |
| CN106260540B (en) | Biological feed for creep feed and creep feed | |
| CN104293696A (en) | Enterococcus faecalis HEW-A131 and application thereof | |
| CN106561544B (en) | Sow feeding method | |
| CN101978849B (en) | Composite micro-ecological preparation and application thereof | |
| CN103966124A (en) | Compound microecological preparation and additive, as well as premix thereof | |
| CN101971920B (en) | Porcine lactobacillus reuteri lyophilized preparation and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103981118A (en) | Bacillus subtilis feed additive and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN101974463B (en) | Lactobacillus reuteri and composite viable bacteria preparation thereof | |
| CN106721021A (en) | A kind of piglet antibiotic-free feed and preparation method thereof | |
| CN103907749A (en) | Biological fermentation active carrier type composite premix feed as well as preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN101671638A (en) | New strain of bifidobacterium and fermentative preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN107319129A (en) | A kind of preparation of fermented bean dregs rich in astaxanthin and feed | |
| CN104673726A (en) | Porcine lactobacillus acidophilus freeze-drying preparation and application thereof | |
| CN104171429A (en) | Use of lactobacillus plantarum LP28 | |
| CN111685235B (en) | Preparation method of lactobacillus plantarum fermented liquid complete feed for piglets | |
| Bogucka et al. | Performance and small intestine morphology and ultrastructure of male broilers injected in ovo with bioactive substances | |
| CN113215019A (en) | Enterococcus faecalis and application thereof | |
| CN101904411B (en) | Composite microbial ecological agent and application thereof | |
| CN106036220A (en) | Freshwater fish feed and preparation method thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20200628 Address after: 710201 Shaanxi Province, Xi'an city Gaoling District Jinghe Industrial Park North East Road, Jing Cheng Applicant after: SHAANXI ZHENGNENG AGRICULTURE AND ANIMAL HUSBANDRY TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Applicant after: BEIJING DABEINONG TECHNOLOGY GROUP Co.,Ltd. Address before: 710201 Shaanxi Province, Xi'an city Gaoling District Jinghe Industrial Park North East Road, Jing Cheng Applicant before: XI'AN GAOLING BRANCH, SHAANXI ZHENGNENG FARMING TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Applicant before: BEIJING DABEINONG TECHNOLOGY GROUP Co.,Ltd. |
|
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |