CN115281048A - Soybean cultivation temperature-increasing soil moisture conservation cultivation method - Google Patents
Soybean cultivation temperature-increasing soil moisture conservation cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, and provides a temperature-increasing and soil-moisture-preserving cultivation method for soybean cultivation, which comprises the following steps: carrying out first intertillage, wherein deep loosening hooks with three rods are adopted for operation before soybean seedlings emerge from the middle ten days of 5 months to the late ten days of 5 months; intertillage for the second time, 15 days to 6 days and 30 days for 6 months, and covering soil on the root in the 3 to 4 leaf-compound period of the soybean, and adopting a deep-loosening hook with three rods for operation; and (4) carrying out intertillage for the third time, namely from the first 7 th ten days to the middle 7 th month and during the soybean flowering period, operating by using a deep scarification hook with a three-pole ruler, and simultaneously ridging. The water content and temperature of the soil are improved, the water storage and moisture preservation capability of the soil is improved, and good environmental conditions are provided for the growth and development of the soybeans.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop cultivation, in particular to a temperature-increasing and soil-moisture-preserving cultivation method for soybean cultivation.
Background
Soybean, a leguminous plant whose seeds contain abundant proteins, is commonly used to make various bean products, soybean oil, refined soy sauce or to extract proteins. The history of planting soybeans in China is over 5000 years, the soybeans are generally planted in China at present, the soybeans are produced in northeast, north China, shaanxi, sichuan and the downstream areas of Yangtze river, and the soybeans are frequently planted in Yangtze river basin and southwest.
Moisture is a main factor influencing the yield of the soybeans, and different farming methods have influence on the utilization rate of the moisture and further influence the yield of the soybeans; meanwhile, the cultivation mode has an influence on the soil condition of the planted soybeans and the soil structure, so that the growth environment of the soybeans is influenced. Therefore, the cultivation method and the plough layer depth suitable for soybean growth and high yield are determined, the soybean yield is enabled to reach the maximum value, the land preparation cost is saved, and the method has important significance for promoting high-efficiency soybean production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method for raising temperature and preserving soil moisture of soybean cultivation, which improves the water content and temperature of soil, increases the water storage and preserving capability of the soil and provides good environmental conditions for the growth and development of soybeans.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a temperature-increasing soil moisture conservation cultivation method for soybean cultivation, which comprises the following steps:
first intertillage, namely, in the middle ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 5 months, before soybean seedling emergence, deep-loosening hooks with three-pole ruler are adopted for operation;
second intertillage, namely 15 days to 6 months and 30 days for 6 months, covering soil on the roots of 3 to 4 soybeans in a leaf-recovering period, and adopting a deep scarification hook with three rods for operation;
and (4) carrying out intertillage for the third time, namely from the first 7 th ten days to the middle 7 th month and during the soybean flowering period, operating by using a deep scarification hook with a three-pole ruler, and simultaneously ridging.
Preferably, the depth of the deep loosening hook in the first intertillage, the second intertillage and the third intertillage is 20-30 cm, and the depth of the three-rod ruler is 5-10 cm.
Preferably, the thickness of the root covering soil in the second intertillage is 1-5 cm.
Preferably, in the third cultivation, the ridging height is 20-30 cm, the width of the bottom of the ridge is 100-120 cm, and the width of the top of the ridge is 60-80 cm.
The invention provides a cultivation method for raising temperature and preserving soil moisture of soybeans.A three-rod ruler with deep-loosening hooks is adopted for intertillage before soybean emergence, which is beneficial to infiltration of soil moisture, improves the water content and temperature of soil, and facilitates the growth of soybean seedlings by deep loosening in advance; intertillage, deep scarification and weed removal are carried out on soybeans in the 3-4 leaf and compound leaf period, meanwhile, the growth of crop roots is promoted, the absorption of nutrition is promoted, the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers is improved, and the effects of cold insulation and temperature increase are enhanced; the soybean cultivation method has the advantages that soybean cultivation in the flowering phase plays roles in soil scattering, weed removal and hilling, and the cultivation method achieves the production purposes of promoting growth and development in the seedling phase, improving quality and increasing yield by comprehensively considering the deep scarification cultivation hilling time and different configurations of cultivation machines.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a subsoiler with a three bar rule;
FIG. 2 is a cultivation furrow;
FIG. 3 shows the middle cultivated land.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a temperature-increasing soil moisture conservation cultivation method for soybean cultivation, which comprises the following steps:
carrying out first intertillage, wherein deep loosening hooks with three rods are adopted for operation before soybean seedlings emerge from the middle ten days of 5 months to the late ten days of 5 months;
intertillage for the second time, 15 days to 6 days and 30 days for 6 months, and covering soil on the root in the 3 to 4 leaf-compound period of the soybean, and adopting a deep-loosening hook with three rods for operation;
and (4) carrying out intertillage for the third time, namely from the first 7 th ten days to the middle 7 th month and during the soybean flowering period, operating by using a deep scarification hook with a three-pole ruler, and simultaneously ridging.
In the invention, the first intertillage, from the middle ten days of 5 months to the late ten days of 5 months, before soybean emergence, deep-loosening hook operation with three-rod ruler is adopted; the first intertillage time is more preferably 5 months 15 days to 5 months 25 days, and more preferably 5 months 18 days to 5 months 23 days; the width of the shovel tip of the deep scarification hook is preferably 3-5 cm, and further preferably 4cm; the width of the shovel tip of the deep scarification hook is selected so as to be suitable for not lifting large soil blocks and not causing deformation of ridge bodies during operation; the operation depth of the first intertillage deep scarification hook is preferably 20-30 cm, more preferably 22-28 cm, and still more preferably 24-26 cm; the first intertillage three-pole ruler operation depth is preferably 5-10 cm, more preferably 6-9 cm, and still more preferably 7-8 cm; in the first intertillage, hardened soil is broken alive, the permeability of the soil is effectively enhanced by deeply loosening and releasing cold, the ground temperature is improved, the growth of crop roots is promoted, and the growth speed of plants is accelerated.
In the invention, the second cultivation, 6 months 15 days to 6 months 30 days, 3 to 4 pieces of soybeans in the leaf recovering period, the roots are covered with soil, and deep scarification hook operation with three rods is adopted; the second intertillage time is more preferably from 6 months 18 to 6 months 27 days, and still more preferably from 6 months 21 to 6 months 24 days; in the second intertillage, the thickness of the root covering soil is preferably 1-5 cm, more preferably 2-4 cm, and still more preferably 3cm; the operation depth of the second intertillage deep scarification hook is preferably 20-30 cm, more preferably 22-28 cm, and still more preferably 24-26 cm; the second three-pole ruler operation depth of intertillage is preferably 5-10 cm, more preferably 6-9 cm, and even more preferably 7-8 cm; the depth of the three-rod ruler is based on no damage to roots and no soil blocks, the depth of the soil is consistent, and the error is less than 1cm; the seedling protecting device is arranged in the operation process, so that the seedling is prevented from being lifted and pressed; in the operation process, intertillage and soil lifting are needed, the soil lifting thickness is more than 5cm, and the upper limit that the seedlings are not pressed from the soil to the roots of the seedlings is set; the second intertillage is deep scarification and weed killing, meanwhile, the growth of crop roots is promoted, the absorption of nutrients is promoted, the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers is improved, and the effects of cold release and temperature rise are achieved.
In the invention, the third cultivation, namely the first 7 to the middle 7 months, and the soybean flowering phase, adopts a deep scarification hook with three-rod ruler to operate, and ridging is carried out simultaneously; the third intertillage time is more preferably from 7 months to 5 days to 7 months and 15 days, and still more preferably from 7 months to 8 days to 7 months and 12 days; the operation depth of the third intertillage deep scarification hook is preferably 20-30 cm, more preferably 22-28 cm, and still more preferably 24-26 cm; the third intertillage three-pole ruler operation depth is preferably 5-10 cm, more preferably 6-9 cm, and still more preferably 7-8 cm; in the third intertillage, the deep scarification hook is also provided with a ridging ploughshare and a soil retaining plate, and soil pushed by the soil retaining plate forms a ridge; in the third cultivation, the ridging height is preferably 20-30 cm, more preferably 22-28 cm, and still more preferably 24-26 cm. The width of the lower bottom of the ridge is preferably 100-120 cm, more preferably 105-115 cm, still more preferably 108-112 cm, the width of the upper bottom of the ridge is preferably 60-80 cm, still more preferably 65-75 cm, still more preferably 68-72 cm; and (5) carrying out intertillage for the third time to deeply loosen the ridge body and play roles in soil scattering, weed killing and hilling.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
5, 23 days in the month of 5, before soybean emergence, carrying out primary intertillage operation by using a deep-loosening hook with three rods, wherein the width of the deep-loosening hook is 4cm, the intertillage depth of the deep-loosening hook is 25cm, and the intertillage depth of the three rods is 8cm; in the 3-piece leaf-recovering period of soybeans after 6 months and 20 days, covering 3cm of soil on the roots of the soybeans, performing secondary intertillage operation by using a deep-loosening hook with three rods, wherein the intertillage depth of the deep-loosening hook is 25cm, the intertillage depth of the three rods is 8cm, and a protective cover is worn on the deep-loosening hook to prevent soil from being moved to damage seedlings during deep loosening and prevent the intertillage soil from being 5cm thick; and 7, 10 days in the 7 month period and the soybean flowering period, carrying out third intertillage operation by adopting a deep-loosening hook with three rods, wherein the intertillage depth of the deep-loosening hook is 25cm, the intertillage depth of the three rods is 8cm, a ridging ploughshare and a soil retaining plate are arranged on the deep-loosening hook, the stacked soil is pushed up to form a ridge, the height of the ridge is 25cm, the width of the lower bottom of the ridge is 110cm, and the width of the upper bottom of the ridge is 70cm.
Example 2
5 months and 10 days, before soybean emergence, carrying out primary intertillage operation by using a deep scarification hook with three rods, wherein the width of the deep scarification hook is 3cm, the intertillage depth of the deep scarification hook is 20cm, and the intertillage depth of the three rods is 5cm; in the 3-piece leaf-recovering period of soybeans after 6 months and 15 days, covering the roots with soil of 1cm, performing secondary intertillage operation by using a deep-loosening hook with three rods, wherein the intertillage depth of the deep-loosening hook is 20cm, the intertillage depth of the three rods is 5cm, and a protective cover is worn on the deep-loosening hook to prevent soil from being moved to damage seedlings during deep loosening and to prevent the intertillage soil from being 6cm thick; 7 months and 1 day, and during the soybean flowering period, carrying out third intertillage operation by using a deep-loosening hook with three rods, wherein the intertillage depth of the deep-loosening hook is 20cm, the intertillage depth of the three rods is 5cm, a ridging ploughshare and a soil retaining plate are arranged on the deep-loosening hook, stacked soil is pushed up to form a ridge, the height of the ridge is 20cm, the width of the lower bottom of the ridge is 100cm, and the width of the upper bottom of the ridge is 60cm.
Example 3
5 months and 30 days, before soybean emergence, carrying out primary intertillage operation by using a deep scarification hook with three rods, wherein the width of the deep scarification hook is 5cm, the intertillage depth of the deep scarification hook is 30cm, and the intertillage depth of the three rods is 10cm; in the leaf recovering period of 4 pieces of soybeans in 6 months and 30 days, covering 5cm of soil on roots, performing secondary intertillage operation by adopting a deep scarification hook with three rods, wherein the intertillage depth of the deep scarification hook is 30cm, the intertillage depth of the three rods is 10cm, and a protective cover is worn on the deep scarification hook to prevent soil from being broken to damage seedlings during deep scarification and to prevent the intertillage soil from being 7cm thick; and in the soybean flowering period of 7 months and 20 days, carrying out third intertillage operation by using a deep-loosening hook with three rods, wherein the intertillage depth of the deep-loosening hook is 30cm, the intertillage depth of the three rods is 10cm, a ridging ploughshare and a soil retaining plate are arranged on the deep-loosening hook, the stacked soil is pushed up to form a ridge, the height of the ridge is 30cm, the width of the lower bottom of the ridge is 120cm, and the width of the upper bottom of the ridge is 80cm.
Example 4
In 18 days after 5 months and before soybean emergence, a deep scarification hook with three rods is adopted for first intertillage operation, the width of the deep scarification hook is 3cm, the intertillage depth of the deep scarification hook is 20cm, and the intertillage depth of the three rods is 5cm; in the 3-piece leaf-recovering period of soybeans in 6 months and 21 days, covering 5cm of soil on the roots of the soybeans, performing secondary intertillage operation by using a deep-loosening hook with three rods, wherein the intertillage depth of the deep-loosening hook is 20cm, the intertillage depth of the three rods is 5cm, and a protective cover is worn on the deep-loosening hook to prevent soil from being moved to damage seedlings during deep loosening and prevent the intertillage soil from being 5cm thick; and 7, 8 days in the 7 month and soybean flowering period, carrying out third intertillage operation by adopting a deep-loosening hook with three rods, wherein the intertillage depth of the deep-loosening hook is 20cm, the intertillage depth of the three rods is 5cm, a ridging ploughshare and a soil retaining plate are arranged on the deep-loosening hook, the stacked soil is pushed up to form a ridge, the height of the ridge is 24cm, the width of the lower bottom of the ridge is 105cm, and the width of the upper bottom of the ridge is 65cm.
Example 5
5, 15 days in the month, before soybean emergence, carrying out primary intertillage operation by using a deep scarification hook with three rods, wherein the width of the deep scarification hook is 3cm, the intertillage depth of the deep scarification hook is 30cm, and the intertillage depth of the three rods is 10cm; in the 6-month and 24-day and 4-leaf-recovering period of soybeans, 2cm of soil is covered on the roots of the soybeans, a deep-loosening hook with three rods is adopted for secondary intertillage operation, the intertillage depth of the deep-loosening hook is 30cm, the intertillage depth of the three rods is 10cm, a protective cover is worn on the deep-loosening hook, the soil is prevented from being moved to damage seedlings during deep loosening, and the intertillage soil is 5cm thick; and 7, 12 days in the month of 7 and in the soybean flowering period, carrying out third intertillage operation by using a deep-loosening hook with three rods, wherein the intertillage depth of the deep-loosening hook is 30cm, the intertillage depth of the three rods is 10cm, a ridging ploughshare and a soil retaining plate are arranged on the deep-loosening hook, the stacked soil is pushed up to form a ridge, the height of the ridge is 26cm, the width of the lower bottom of the ridge is 115cm, and the width of the upper bottom of the ridge is 75cm.
Comparative example 1
After the soybeans grow out, carrying out primary intertillage operation by using a deep-loosening hook with a single rod ruler after 5 months and 23 days, wherein the width of the deep-loosening hook is 4cm, the intertillage depth of the deep-loosening hook is 25cm, and the intertillage depth of the single rod ruler is 8cm; in the 3-piece leaf-recovering period of soybeans after 6 months and 20 days, covering 3cm of soil on the roots of the soybeans, performing secondary intertillage operation by using a deep-loosening hook with a single-rod ruler, wherein the intertillage depth of the deep-loosening hook is 25cm, the intertillage depth of the single-rod ruler is 8cm, and a protective cover is worn on the deep-loosening hook to prevent soil from being moved to damage seedlings during deep loosening and prevent the intertillage soil from being 5cm thick; and 7, 10 days in the 7 month period and the soybean flowering period, carrying out third intertillage operation by adopting a deep-loosening hook with a single-rod ruler, wherein the intertillage depth of the deep-loosening hook is 25cm, the intertillage depth of the single-rod ruler is 8cm, a ridging ploughshare and a soil retaining plate are arranged on the deep-loosening hook, the stacked soil is pushed up to form a ridge, the height of the ridge is 25cm, the width of the lower bottom of the ridge is 110cm, and the width of the upper bottom of the ridge is 70cm.
Comparative example 2
After the soybeans grow out, carrying out primary intertillage operation by using a deep-loosening hook with three rods after 5 months and 23 days, wherein the width of the deep-loosening hook is 4cm, the intertillage depth of the deep-loosening hook is 25cm, and the intertillage depth of the three rods is 8cm; in the 3-piece leaf-recovering period of soybeans after 6 months and 20 days, covering 3cm of soil on the roots of the soybeans, performing secondary intertillage operation by using a deep-loosening hook with three rods, wherein the intertillage depth of the deep-loosening hook is 25cm, the intertillage depth of the three rods is 8cm, and a protective cover is worn on the deep-loosening hook to prevent soil from being moved to damage seedlings during deep loosening and prevent the intertillage soil from being 5cm thick; and 7, 10 days in the 7 month period and the soybean flowering period, carrying out third intertillage operation by adopting a deep-loosening hook with three rods, wherein the intertillage depth of the deep-loosening hook is 25cm, the intertillage depth of the three rods is 8cm, a ridging ploughshare and a soil retaining plate are arranged on the deep-loosening hook, the stacked soil is pushed up to form a ridge, the height of the ridge is 25cm, the width of the lower bottom of the ridge is 110cm, and the width of the upper bottom of the ridge is 70cm.
Experimental example 1
The soil temperature and water content of example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 were measured: 3 points are selected for each treatment, a soil rapid-determination instrument is buried, the intertillage starts each time, and the soil temperature and the water content of 5cm, 15cm and 30cm are measured at fixed time and fixed point 3 times a day.
Table 1 experimental example 1 soil temperature and moisture content measurement results
Table 2 example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 height of soybean seedlings at seedling stage
TABLE 3 plant heights of soybean at flowering time in example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2
TABLE 4 comparison of soil temperature at 5cm after 23 days for example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2
TABLE 5 comparison of soil temperature at 5cm 23 days later for example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2
TABLE 6 comparison of soil temperature 30cm after 23 days for example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2
As can be seen from tables 4 to 6, the soil temperature of 5cm in example 1 is always higher than that of comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, and the temperature of the soil is increased after 5 months and 23 days in example 1 compared with other treatments, which indicates that the pre-seedling cultivation after sowing has certain influence on the increase of the soil temperature; after cultivation for 15cm soil temperature of example 1 in 5 months and 23 days, compared with comparative example 2, the process that the temperature difference is increased and decreased is provided, which shows that cultivation has certain influence on the increase of the soil temperature, and the increasing effect is gradually decreased along with the change of time; the early stage of the soil temperature of 30cm represents that the soil temperature is greater than that of the comparative example 1 and that of the comparative example 2 represent that the temperature difference between the comparative example 1 and the example 1 is reduced on 26 days or 27 days in different periods of time, and the overall temperature difference is not stable.
TABLE 7 statistics of 5cm Water content for example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2
TABLE 8 statistics of 15cm Water content for example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2
TABLE 9 statistics of 30cm Water content for example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2
As is clear from tables 7 to 9, the water content of 5cm showed that the difference in water content was not greatly changed in the comparative example 2, example 1, comparative example 1 and 5cm; the total water content of 15cm is shown as that in example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 1, which shows that the three-rod-ruler operation has more obvious influence on the soil water content than the single-rod-ruler and pre-seedling intertillage operation, the intertillage is beneficial to improving the soil water content, and the soil water storage and preservation capacity is improved; the water content of 30cm is shown as example 1 > comparative example 2 > comparative example 1 overall; the first sowing is carried out before the seedlings, and the mechanical configuration aspect is that the deep-loosening hooks and the three-rod ruler are beneficial to improving the soil water content, so that the aim of preserving the soil moisture is fulfilled.
TABLE 10 comparison of mean plant height between seedling stage and flowering stage of soybean in example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2
As can be seen from Table 1, the plant height at seedling stage: example 1 > comparative example 2; plant height in flowering period: example 1 > comparative example 2 > comparative example 1; the plant height of each treatment can show difference in the seedling stage of the soybean, in the example 1, because the deep scarification is carried out in advance before the emergence of seedlings, the water content and the soil temperature of the soil are improved, and the root system growth of the soybean is facilitated, the plant height of the example 1 is obviously increased by 9.7 percent and 20.4 percent respectively compared with the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2; in the flowering period, the plant heights of the example 1 and the comparative example 2 are obviously increased by 15.4% and 11.4% compared with the plant height of the comparative example 1, and the three-rod deep scarification is more beneficial to improving the soil environment than the ridging, so that the soybean growth and development are facilitated.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A temperature-increasing soil moisture conservation cultivation method for soybean cultivation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
first intertillage, namely, in the middle ten days of 5 months to the last ten days of 5 months, before soybean seedling emergence, deep-loosening hooks with three-pole ruler are adopted for operation;
intertillage for the second time, 15 days to 6 days and 30 days for 6 months, and covering soil on the root in the 3 to 4 leaf-compound period of the soybean, and adopting a deep-loosening hook with three rods for operation;
and (4) carrying out intertillage for the third time, namely, in the first 7 th to middle 7 th months, and in the soybean flowering period, adopting a deep scarification hook with a three-rod ruler to carry out operation, and meanwhile, ridging.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the depth of the deep-loosening hook for the first, second and third intertillage operations is 20-30 cm, and the depth of the three-rod ruler is 5-10 cm.
3. The cultivation method for soybean cultivation with warming and moisture conservation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the root cover soil for the second cultivation is 1-5 cm.
4. The soybean cultivation, warming and soil moisture conservation cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the third cultivation, the ridge forming height is 20-30 cm, the width of the bottom of the ridge is 100-120 cm, and the width of the top of the ridge is 60-80 cm.
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