CN115260324B - 一种具有肠道益生活性的佛手多糖的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有肠道益生活性的佛手多糖的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C08B37/0003—General processes for their isolation or fractionation, e.g. purification or extraction from biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/125—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives containing carbohydrate syrups; containing sugars; containing sugar alcohols; containing starch hydrolysates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有肠道益生活性的佛手多糖的制备方法:(1)挑选:挑选佛手,洗净;(2)打浆:佛手加水打成糊状,即得浆液;(3)酶解:向浆液中加入复合酶,酶解,高温灭酶;(4)离心:在8000rpm、4℃下离心15min,取上清液;(5)超滤:上清液过10kDa超滤膜,收集分子量大于10kDa的组分;(6)醇沉:加乙醇至乙醇,醇沉,在8000rpm、4℃下离心15min,取沉淀;(7)冻干:沉淀挥发干乙醇后重新溶解在水中,真空冷冻干燥,即得佛手多糖。本发明制备所得佛手多糖具有很好的调节高血脂人群的肠道菌群及代谢效果,同时具有肠道益生功效。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品加工技术、食品保健领域,特别涉及一种具有肠道益生活性的佛手多糖的制备方法。
背景技术
佛手(Citrus medica L.)是芸香科柑橘属植物香橼的变种,在我国有悠久的栽培历史,国内的佛手主要栽培在广东、广西、福建等地。它的果实顶端分裂,形成如手指状的果瓣,一般有10~15瓣,呈张开或握拳状,又名佛手柑、五指柑、五指香橼。佛手果肉白嫩、香脆甘甜,可制成佛手果脯、佛手茶和佛手酒等食品。
益生元是指不可被人体消化利用但可选择性促进肠道有益菌增殖和代谢的碳水化合物,它通过选择性的刺激一种或几种细菌的生长与活性,而对寄主产生有益的影响,从而改善寄主健康。
中国发明申请《一种超临界二氧化碳萃取佛手多糖的方法》(申请号CN201910084499.1)公布了一种超临界二氧化碳萃取佛手多糖的方法,包括以下步骤:以超临界CO2为萃取剂,以水为夹带剂,对佛手粉碎物进行超临界萃取,得到佛手多糖提取液;所述超临界萃取包括依次进行的静态萃取和动态萃取;所述静态萃取的时间为15~25min,压力为10~20MPa,温度为35~45℃;所述动态萃取的时间为100~220min,所述动态萃取的压力和温度与所述静态萃取的压力和温度相同。该技术虽然能够萃取得到佛手多糖,但是并没有探究佛手多糖的功能活性,而这是佛手多糖的重要性能指标。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术一般是集中在佛手多糖的提取或是将佛手多糖加入到相关产品当中,没有深入探究佛手多糖的功能活性以及如何制备得到功能活性强的佛手多糖的问题,发明一种具有肠道益生活性的佛手多糖的制备方法,旨在得到一种制备过程简洁、佛手多糖功能活性强的方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供的技术方案如下:
一种具有肠道益生活性的佛手多糖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)挑选:挑选没有损伤、不发霉变质的佛手,洗净;
(2)打浆:佛手加水打成糊状,即得浆液;
(3)酶解:向浆液中加入复合酶,在50℃下酶解,之后将温度升高,进行高温灭酶;
(4)离心:将步骤(3)酶解后所得物质在8000rpm、4℃下离心15min,取上清液;
(5)超滤:上清液过10kDa超滤膜,收集分子量大于10kDa的组分;
(6)醇沉:向收集所得组分中加乙醇至乙醇的最终浓度为80%,醇沉,在8000rpm、4℃下离心15min,取沉淀;
(7)冻干:沉淀挥发干乙醇后重新溶解在水中,真空冷冻干燥,即得佛手多糖。
作为优选,步骤(2)中加入的佛手与水质量比为1:10。
作为优选,步骤(3)中所述的复合酶为纤维素酶:酸性蛋白酶:果胶酶=1:1:1体积比混合所得,加入复合酶至其最终体积浓度为1.2%。
作为优选,步骤(3)中在50℃下酶解150min,之后将温度升至100℃,高温灭酶10min
作为优选,步骤(6)中所述的乙醇为体积浓度为95%的乙醇;所述的醇沉为4℃醇沉24h。
作为优选,步骤(7)中真空冷冻干燥48h。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明制备所得佛手多糖具有很好的调节高血脂人群的肠道菌群及代谢效果,同时具有肠道益生功效。
附图说明
图1是一种具有肠道益生活性的佛手多糖的制备方法流程图。
图2为佛手多糖GPC出峰图。
图3是菌群的主成分分析。
图4是菌群的香农指数。
图5是体外培养48h后不同组短链脂肪酸的浓度。
图6不同组之间的差异代谢物火山图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图具体实施方式进行详细描述,但应当理解本发明的保护范围并不受具体实施方式的限制。实施例中采用的原料、试剂若无特殊说明,皆为市售所得。
实施例1
一种具有肠道益生活性的佛手多糖的制备方法,操作步骤如下:
(1)挑选:挑选没有损伤、不发霉变质的佛手,洗净;
(2)打浆:佛手加水打成糊状(料液质量比为1:10),即得浆液;
(3)酶解:向浆液中加入复合酶(纤维素酶:酸性蛋白酶:果胶酶体积比为1:1:1)至最终体积浓度为1.2%(复合酶在浆液中的体积浓度为1.2%),在50℃下酶解150min,之后将温度升至100℃,高温灭酶10min;
(4)离心:将步骤(3)酶解后所得物质在8000rpm、4℃下离心15min,取上清液;
(5)超滤:上清液过10kDa超滤膜,收集分子量大于10kDa的组分;
(6)醇沉:向收集所得组分中加体积浓度为95%的乙醇至乙醇的最终浓度为80%,4℃醇沉24h,在8000rpm、4℃下离心15min,取沉淀;
(7)冻干:沉淀挥发干乙醇后重新溶解在水中,真空冷冻干燥48h,即得佛手多糖。
性能检测:
1、佛手多糖的结构特性:
佛手多糖分子量的测定:采用凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)测定实施例1制备所得佛手多糖的分子量,Agilent_1260高效液相色谱仪,配备TSK-G2500 PWXL色谱柱;样品(20μL,0.5%)进样后,使用超纯水作为流动相,流速0.5mL/min,柱温30℃,用示差折光检测器(RID)检测多糖峰,图2所示为出峰图,检测结果为佛手多糖的分子量约为2×104kDa。
佛手多糖单糖组成的测定:用衍生化法测定佛手多糖单糖组成,将实施例1制备所得佛手多糖配置成10mg/mL浓度的样品,然后取200μL样品(10mg/mL)用三氟乙酸水解2h,加入1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)反应1h,再用氯仿萃取,最后将水相过0.22μm微孔滤膜并分析,用Agilent_1260高效液相系统连接VWD检测器进行HPLC分析,使用C18色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-磷酸盐缓冲溶液,标准品包括D-甘露糖、L-鼠李糖、D-葡萄糖、D-阿拉伯糖、L-岩藻糖、D-半乳糖、D-甘露糖醛酸、D-葡萄糖醛酸和D-半乳糖醛酸;245nm下进行紫外检测,检测结果如表1所示。
表1佛手多糖的单糖组成
单糖 | D-甘露糖 | L-鼠李糖 | D-半乳糖醛酸 | D-半乳糖 |
组成/% | 63.62 | 24.16 | 10.62 | 1.60 |
2、佛手多糖肠道益生活性验证
微生物样本:
微生物样本来自4名高血脂志愿者和4名健康人(2男2女,年龄20~40之间)的粪便。
培养基配制:
空白培养基:厌氧培养液(成分:37.5mL溶液A(0.78%磷酸氢二钾),37.5mL溶液B(0.47%磷酸二氢钾,1.18%氯化钠,1.2%硫酸铵,0.12%氯化钙,0.25%一水硫酸镁),L-半胱氨酸0.5g,25%L-抗坏血酸2mL,8%碳酸钠50mL,牛肉膏1g,蛋白胨1g,营养琼脂1g,加蒸馏水定容至1L,调pH7.5-8.0。
佛手多糖培养基:除了空白组的所有成分外,另外加入5g本发明实施例1制备所得佛手多糖,加蒸馏水定容至1L,充分溶解,调pH 7.5-8.0。
培养方式:
分成3组进行培养,接种量5%:
正常组(NC组):健康人粪便菌群接种到空白培养基中;
高血脂组(HC组):高血脂人群粪便菌群接种到空白培养基中;
佛手多糖组(HF组):高血脂人群粪便菌群接种到佛手多糖培养基中;
在厌氧条件下37℃振荡培养48h,每组做3个平行。
菌群检测:培养48h后取培养液,采用16S rDNA测序来对菌群结构进行检测,结果如图3、4、表2所示。
表2主要菌群在属水平上的相对丰度
短链脂肪酸的检测:培养过程中每12h取一次培养液,并采用GC-MS来检测其中的短链脂肪酸含量,结果如图5所示。
代谢检测:培养48h后取培养液,用UPLC/MS-MS进行非靶向代谢物测定,结果如图6、表3所示。
表3NC组与其他2组的三种代谢途径差异显著性分析
p value | 酪氨酸代谢 | 色氨酸代谢 | 甾体激素生物合成代谢 |
HC | 0.0002 | 0.0213 | 0.0328 |
HF | 0.0108 | 0.1391 | 0.5402 |
结果分析:
图3的主成分分析表明,高血脂人群的菌群结构和健康人群差异显著,而HF组的水平介于HC和NC之间,说明本发明实施例1制备所得佛手多糖能够有效地调节高血脂人群的肠道菌群。香农指数反应的是样品中微生物的多样性,香农指数越高微生物的多样性越高。从图4中可看出HC组的香农指数要显著低于NC组,说明高血脂人群的肠道微生物的多样性遭到破坏,而HF组的香农指数显著高于HC组,说明佛手多糖能够使高血脂人群的肠道微生物的多样性得到恢复。
从表3中可看出,相较于健康人群,高血脂人群肠道内的拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、副拟杆菌属(Parabacteroide)、泰泽雷拉菌属(Tyzzerella)和另枝菌属(Alistipes)的比例显著下降,而梭菌属(Fusobacterium)和考拉杆菌属(Phascolarctobacterium)的比例显著升高。而HF组的拟杆菌属、副拟杆菌属和另枝菌属的比例显著高于HC组,而梭菌属和考拉杆菌属的比例则显著低于HC组。其中,拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)是一种正常寄居于人体肠道内的细菌,可参与到人体肠道中的许多代谢活动中,如碳水化合物的发酵等,也可以调节脂肪酸代谢,从而缓解肥胖,降低肥胖人群的体重,还具有一定的免疫调节作用。副拟杆菌属(Parabacteroide)是人体肠道内的一种重要菌群,可以促进胆汁酸的转化以及产生琥珀酸盐,能够改善脂代谢紊乱、修复肠壁完整性、激活肠道糖异生,具有改善肥胖、非酒精性脂肪肝等功效。另枝菌属(Alistipes)是存在于健康人肠道中的一种有益菌,能够发酵糖类产生琥珀酸和少量的乙酸、丙酸,能够缓解结肠炎和肝硬化等疾病症状。
上述结果说明本发明实施例1制备所得佛手多糖可以改变高血脂人群的肠道菌群结构,降低有害菌的水平,促进对健康具有有益作用的细菌的增殖。
从图5中可以看出,培养48h后,HF组的短链脂肪酸浓度,特别是乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的浓度要显著高于HC组,甚至比NC组还要高。研究表明,乙酸、丙酸、丁酸等短链脂肪酸具有诸多生理活性。它们不仅可以降低肠道pH来抑制有害菌的生长,同时还能作为肠道上皮细胞的燃料,促进肠道蠕动,缓解便秘。丁酸盐可以影响胃肠生理,使结肠细胞恢复活力,降低炎症性结肠炎、克罗恩氏病等疾病的患病率,提高葡萄糖耐受性,帮助减肥,并加强肝脏代谢的外周免疫。佛手多糖干预能够促进高血脂人群菌群产生更多的短链脂肪酸,促进机体健康。
如图6所示,与NC组相比,HC组有91种代谢物显著下调,79种代谢物显著上调。与HC组相比,HF组有86种代谢物显著下调,247种代谢物显著上调。差异代谢通路分析(表2)表明HC组和NC组存在三条差异代谢通路(p<0.05),这是高脂血症区别于正常人的主要代谢途径,可能与高脂血症的形成有关。经本发明实施例1制备所得佛手多糖处理后,这3种高脂血症代谢途径与NC组相比几乎无差异,这意味着佛手多糖的干预可以恢复高脂血症引起的差异代谢途径。
综上所述,本发明实施例1制备所得佛手多糖可能通过改变肠道菌群结构、影响短链脂肪酸及代谢产物的产生,从而改善高脂血症、维护肠道健康。前述对本发明的具体示例性实施方案的描述是为了说明和例证的目的。这些描述并非想将本发明限定为所公开的精确形式,并且很显然,根据上述教导,可以进行很多改变和变化。对示例性实施例进行选择和描述的目的在于解释本发明的特定原理及其实际应用,从而使得本领域的技术人员能够实现并利用本发明的各种不同的示例性实施方案以及各种不同的选择和改变。本发明的范围意在由权利要求书及其等同形式所限定。
Claims (3)
1.一种具有肠道益生活性的佛手多糖的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)挑选:挑选没有损伤、不发霉变质的佛手,洗净;
(2)打浆:佛手加水打成糊状,即得浆液;
(3)酶解:向浆液中加入复合酶,在50 ℃下酶解150 min,之后将温度升至100 ℃,高温灭酶10 min;所述复合酶为纤维素酶:酸性蛋白酶:果胶酶=1:1:1体积比混合所得,加入复合酶至其最终体积浓度为1.2%;
(4)离心:将步骤(3)酶解后所得物质在8000 rpm、4 ℃下离心15 min,取上清液;
(5)超滤:上清液过10 kDa超滤膜,收集分子量大于10 kDa的组分;
(6)醇沉:向收集所得组分中加乙醇至乙醇的最终浓度为80%,醇沉,在8000 rpm、4 ℃下离心15 min,取沉淀;
(7)冻干:沉淀挥发干乙醇后重新溶解在水中,真空冷冻干燥48h,即得佛手多糖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有肠道益生活性的佛手多糖的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中加入的佛手与水质量比为1:10。
3.根据权利要求1所述的具有肠道益生活性的佛手多糖的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(6)中所述的乙醇为体积浓度为95%的乙醇;所述的醇沉为4 ℃醇沉24 h。
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