CN115250933A - Packing for live pig breeding and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Packing for live pig breeding and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115250933A CN115250933A CN202210996168.7A CN202210996168A CN115250933A CN 115250933 A CN115250933 A CN 115250933A CN 202210996168 A CN202210996168 A CN 202210996168A CN 115250933 A CN115250933 A CN 115250933A
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 42
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- 241000045459 Carex meyeriana Species 0.000 claims abstract description 36
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- 235000010855 food raising agent Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 24
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- 239000003471 mutagenic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 240000002262 Litsea cubeba Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000012854 Litsea cubeba Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000194107 Bacillus megaterium Species 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous acid Chemical compound ON=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- 235000003343 Brassica rupestris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- QKSKPIVNLNLAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide Chemical compound ClCCSCCCl QKSKPIVNLNLAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010460 mustard Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
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- NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aziridine Chemical compound C1CN1 NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
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- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- HAWPXGHAZFHHAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N mechlorethamine Chemical class ClCCN(C)CCCl HAWPXGHAZFHHAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004961 mechlorethamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
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- 235000008697 Cannabis sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 235000013527 bean curd Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N (R)-camphor Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(C)C(=O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
- A01K1/0155—Litter comprising organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K1/00—Housing animals; Equipment therefor
- A01K1/015—Floor coverings, e.g. bedding-down sheets ; Stable floors
- A01K1/0152—Litter
- A01K1/0154—Litter comprising inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/30—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for swines
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a padding for live pig breeding and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of livestock padding. The composite material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-150 parts of straw, 120-160 parts of rice hull, 50-75 parts of leaves, 45-60 parts of sawdust, 25-35 parts of wheat bran, 1-2 parts of microbial leavening agent, 5-10 parts of mint powder, 20-50 parts of carex meyeriana, 1.5-4.5 parts of crude salt, 3-4 parts of sweet wine, 4-8 parts of coffee grounds, 50-80 parts of soybean hull, 20-40 parts of egg shell and 50-80 parts of bamboo sawdust; the leaves are one or a plurality of combinations of mulberry leaves, oak leaves, camphor tree leaves or broussonetia papyrifera leaves. The padding has good air permeability and water absorption, keeps proper temperature and humidity in winter and summer, keeps the live pigs in the pigsty to grow in the proper temperature and humidity environment, and has the effects of expelling parasites and removing peculiar smell, wherein microorganisms decompose excrement, so that the generation of peculiar smell in the pigsty is reduced, and the treatment of the excrement by culture personnel is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of livestock padding, in particular to padding for live pig breeding and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Live pig is bred and can provides power for national economy, but live pig is during breeding because live pig need arrange the excrement and urine in the growth process, in order to avoid the inside a large amount of peculiar smells that produce of pig house, breeders need lay the bedding and padding in the inside of pig house, not only can provide live pig's quality of life but also can decompose the excrement and urine of live pig, reduces the peculiar smell emergence of pig house.
The padding is a raw material of a fermentation bed, and mainly comprises rice hulls, sawdust, bark and sawdust chips, bean curd residue, vinasse, crushed straws, dried raw cow dung and the like, wherein the content of the bean curd residue is 90%, and the other 10% of the bean curd residue is soil and a small amount of crude salt.
At present, the padding used in pig raising is researched, for example, the Chinese patent application publication No. CN114158485A discloses zero-emission straw padding for pig raising and a preparation method thereof.
However, in the above patents, there are some disadvantages:
this bedding and padding is using the back to live pig, because the inside humiture of pig house changes along with the change in season, when in actual use, in case the inside humiture of bedding and padding is big, especially be in summer and winter season temperature humidity and differ great, the bedding and padding surface produces high temperature and high humidity easily, can cause the influence to live pig's life habit and diet condition, can cause the live pig discomfort seriously, influences production and development.
This bedding and padding is storing the in-process in bags, receives the influence of humiture to take place to mould the phenomenon easily to influence the next use of breed personnel.
Aiming at the situation and combining the problems generated in the process of breeding live pigs at present, the invention provides a padding for breeding live pigs and a preparation method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the padding for live pig breeding and the preparation method thereof, which can provide proper temperature and humidity for the padding in winter and summer by adding the carex, the coffee grounds and the leaves on the basis of the common padding such as the straws, the rice husks, the sawdust, the wheat bran and the like, keep the live pigs in the pigsty to grow in a proper temperature and humidity environment, and achieve the effects of expelling insects and improving air so as to solve the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the padding for pig breeding comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-150 parts of straw, 120-160 parts of rice hull, 50-75 parts of leaves, 45-60 parts of sawdust, 25-35 parts of wheat bran, 1-2 parts of microbial leavening agent, 5-10 parts of mint powder, 20-50 parts of carex meyeriana, 1.5-4.5 parts of crude salt, 3-9 parts of sweet wine, 4-8 parts of coffee grounds, 50-80 parts of soybean hull, 20-40 parts of egg shell and 50-80 parts of bamboo sawdust; the leaves are one or a plurality of combinations of mulberry leaves, oak leaves, camphor tree leaves or broussonetia papyrifera leaves.
In a preferred embodiment, the microbial fermentation agent is prepared from bacillus megaterium, cellulose decomposition bacteria, active lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and a strain mutagen according to the ratio of 1:1:1:1, 0.5, and mixing.
In preferred embodiments, the species mutagen is any one or more of nitrogen mustard, diethyl sulfate, nitrous acid, ethylene oxide, ethylene imine, lithium chloride, actinomycin K, and hydroxylamine in combination.
In a preferred embodiment, the moisture content of the leaves is 10-20%, and the leaves are a mixture of mulberry leaves and broussonetia papyrifera leaves, and the mass ratio of the leaves is (1-2): 1.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the padding for pig breeding, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Placing the straws in a crusher for crushing treatment, wherein the crushing length of the straws is 3-5cm, and mixing and stirring the rice husks, leaves, sawdust and wheat bran with the crushed straws;
(2) Adding the crude salt and the sweet wine into water, mixing and melting to obtain a mixed solution, and adding the mixed solution into spraying equipment for later use;
(3) Mixing the carex meyeriana after being dried with coffee grounds, and placing the carex meyeriana in a bundling mode;
(4) Mixing and stirring soybean shells, egg shells and bamboo sawdust for later use;
(5) Paving the straws and the rice husks in the step (1) on the ground in a bundling manner, paving mint powder and spraying a mixed solution on the surfaces of the straws and the rice husks, paving a mixture of the soybean hulls, the egg shells and the bamboo dust in the step (4) on the surfaces of the straws and the rice husks, paving the bundled carex meyeriana and the coffee grounds in the step (3), and spraying the mixed solution again;
(6) On the basis of the step (5), performing flanging mixing on the mixture of the straws and the rice husks, the mixture of the soybean shells, the egg shells and the bamboo dust and the mixture of the carex meyeriana and the coffee grounds, and performing throwing mixing for 2-3 times from top to bottom to fully mix the materials;
(7) Adding a microbial fermentation agent on the basis of the step (6), laying a layer of film on the surface of the microbial fermentation agent, wherein the laying length of the film is determined according to the height and the thickness of the padding, ensuring that the film completely covers the surface of the padding, and performing anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 25-28 ℃ for 2-3 days;
(8) And (3) placing the fermented padding in the sun for insolation for 4-5h, transferring the insolated padding into a piggery for live pig breeding or bagging storage, and adding a mildew inhibitor into the bag.
In a preferred embodiment, in step (2), the ratio between the crude salt, the liqueur and the water is (1-2): (2-4): (3-6).
In a preferred embodiment, in step (3), the carex meyeriana is dried at a temperature of 30-40 ℃ until the grass leaves are yellow.
In a preferred embodiment, in step (5), the amount of the mixed liquor sprayed for the first time is 5% of the total bedding, which is a mixture of straw and rice husk laid on the ground and a mixture of carex meyeriana and coffee grounds.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (8), the mildew inhibitor is one or a combination of two or more of mustard extract, mugwort, hemp leaf extract, suberect spatholobus stem and litsea cubeba.
In a preferred embodiment, the mildew inhibitor is a mustard extract, the weight ratio of the cannabis sativa leaf extract to the litsea cubeba is 3.
The mulberry leaves are rich in amino acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, phytosterol, polysaccharide and other substances, and have good health care function.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
the straw and the rice husk can improve the air permeability and the water absorption of the padding and ensure the softness of the padding, meanwhile, the soybean husk, the egg shell and the bamboo dust respectively provide trace nutrients for strains in the padding, the bamboo dust has the effect of purifying air and ensures that the air in the pig house is fresh, the surfaces of the egg shell and the soybean husk are sharp, soft creepers on the surfaces of the padding in the pig house are reduced, the unique structure in the Wula grass can provide proper temperature and humidity for the padding in winter and summer, and the live pigs in the pig house are kept to grow in a proper temperature and humidity environment, so that the growth habit of the live pigs is improved, the matched use of the coffee dregs and the mint powder can perform insect expelling treatment on the interior of the pig house, the influence of mosquitoes and flies on the growth of the live pigs is reduced, meanwhile, the propagation of bacteria is reduced, the peculiar smell removing effect is achieved, and the air environment in the pig house is ensured;
the method comprises the steps of adding coarse salt and sweet wine into water to mix and melt, spraying the mixture on the surface of padding, adding a biological leavening agent, decomposing microbes in straw and rice hulls by the aid of the microbial leavening agent, providing necessary elements for growth of the microbes by the aid of the coarse salt and the sweet wine, ensuring that enough strains can be generated in the straw and the rice hulls, combining a strain mutagen, carrying out mutagenesis on the microbes in the straw, the rice hulls and leaves, fermenting the strains in a dizzy manner, further improving the fermentation degree of raw materials, greatly decomposing excrement of live pigs, avoiding the odor of the excrement generated in a pig house, reducing the treatment of the excrement by breeding personnel, adding a mildew preventive into a bag in the padding storage process, effectively avoiding the mildew phenomenon of the padding in an environment with excessive temperature, influencing the regular addition of the padding for the pig house by the breeding personnel, and improving the storage period of the padding.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to preferred embodiments. It should be noted, however, that the numerous details set forth in the description are merely for the purpose of providing the reader with a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the present invention, which may be practiced without these specific details.
Example 1:
the padding for pig breeding comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-150 parts of straw, 120-160 parts of rice hull, 50-75 parts of leaves, 45-60 parts of sawdust, 25-35 parts of wheat bran, 1-2 parts of microbial leavening agent, 5-10 parts of mint powder, 20-50 parts of carex meyeriana, 1.5-4.5 parts of crude salt, 3-9 parts of sweet wine, 4-8 parts of coffee grounds, 50-80 parts of soybean hull, 20-40 parts of egg shell and 50-80 parts of bamboo sawdust; the leaves are mulberry leaves and broussonetia papyrifera leaves, wherein the mulberry leaves account for 30-50 parts, and the broussonetia papyrifera leaves account for 20-25 parts.
The microbial leavening agent is prepared from bacillus megatherium, cellulose decomposition bacteria, active lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and a strain mutagen according to the proportion of 1:1:1:1, 0.5, and mixing to prepare the powder; the strain mutagen is a combination of diethyl sulfate, nitrous acid and ethylene oxide, and the mass ratio of the strain mutagen is 2.
A preparation method of the padding for pig breeding comprises the following steps:
(1) Putting the straws into a crusher for crushing treatment, wherein the crushing length of the straws is 3cm, and mixing and stirring the rice husks, the leaves, the sawdust and the wheat bran with the crushed straws;
(2) Adding the crude salt and the sweet wine into water, mixing and melting to obtain a mixed solution, and adding the mixed solution into spraying equipment for later use; the mass ratio of the crude salt to the sweet wine to the water is 1;
(3) Mixing the carex meyeriana after being dried with coffee grounds, and placing the carex meyeriana in a bundling mode; drying Carex meyeriana at 35-40 deg.C until the leaves are yellow, taking out part of semen glycines shell and bamboo dust, and spreading in staggered manner, wherein the bamboo dust is on the surface of semen glycines shell;
(4) Mixing and stirring soybean hulls, egg shells and bamboo scraps for later use;
(5) Paving the mixture of the straws and the rice husks in the step (1) on the ground in a bundling manner, paving mint powder on the surface of the mixture, spraying the mixed liquid in the step (2), wherein the spraying amount of the mixed liquid is 5% of the total padding, paving the mixture of the soybean hulls, the egg shells and the bamboo dust in the step (4) on the surface of the mixture, paving the bundled wula sedge and the coffee grounds in the step (3), and spraying the mixed liquid in the rest step (2) again;
(6) On the basis of the step (5), performing flanging mixing on the mixture of the straws and the rice husks, the mixture of the soybean shells, the egg shells and the bamboo dust and the mixture of the carex meyeriana and the coffee grounds, and performing throwing mixing for 2-3 times from top to bottom to fully mix the materials;
(7) Uniformly spraying a microbial fermentation agent on the basis of the step (6), laying a layer of film on the surface of the microbial fermentation agent, wherein the laying length of the film is determined according to the height and the thickness of the padding, ensuring that the film completely covers the surface of the padding, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 25-28 ℃ for 2-3 days;
(8) Placing the fermented padding in the sun for insolation for 4-5h, transferring the insolated padding into a piggery for live pig breeding or bagging for storage, and adding a mildew inhibitor with the total padding mass of 1% into the bag, wherein the mildew inhibitor is a mesona extract, a cannabis sativa leaf extract and litsea cubeba, and the mass ratio of the mildew inhibitor to the mesona extract is 3.
Example 2
The padding for pig breeding comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-150 parts of straw, 120-160 parts of rice hull, 50-75 parts of leaves, 45-60 parts of sawdust, 25-35 parts of wheat bran, 1-2 parts of microbial leavening agent, 5-10 parts of mint powder, 20-50 parts of carex meyeriana, 1.5-4.5 parts of crude salt, 3-9 parts of sweet wine, 4-8 parts of coffee grounds, 50-80 parts of soybean hull, 20-40 parts of egg shell and 50-80 parts of bamboo sawdust; the leaves are oak leaves and camphor leaves, wherein the oak leaves account for 25-38 parts, and the broussonetia papyrifera leaves account for 25-37 parts.
The microbial leavening agent is prepared from bacillus megatherium, cellulose decomposition bacteria, active lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and a strain mutagen according to the proportion of 1:1:1:1, 0.5 is prepared by mixing; the strain mutagen is a combination of three components of ethylene imine, lithium chloride and actinomycin K, and the mass ratio of the strain mutagen to the strain mutagen is 1.
A preparation method of the padding for pig breeding comprises the following steps:
(1) Putting the straws into a crusher for crushing treatment, wherein the crushing length of the straws is 3cm, and mixing and stirring the rice husks, the leaves, the sawdust and the wheat bran with the crushed straws;
(2) Adding the crude salt and the sweet wine into water, mixing and melting to obtain a mixed solution, and adding the mixed solution into spraying equipment for later use; the mass ratio of the crude salt to the sweet wine to the water is 2;
(3) Mixing the carex meyeriana after drying treatment with coffee grounds, and placing in a bundling manner; drying Carex meyeriana at 35-40 deg.C until the leaves are yellow, taking out part of semen glycines shells and bamboo dust, and spreading the bamboo dust on the surface of semen glycines shells in a staggered manner;
(4) Mixing and stirring soybean hulls, egg shells and bamboo scraps for later use;
(5) Paving the mixture of the straws and the rice husks in the step (1) on the ground in a bundling manner, paving mint powder on the surface of the mixture, spraying the mixed liquid in the step (2), wherein the spraying amount of the mixed liquid is 5% of the total padding, paving the mixture of the soybean hulls, the egg shells and the bamboo dust in the step (4) on the surface of the mixture, paving the bundled carex meyeriana and the coffee grounds in the step (3), and spraying the mixed liquid in the rest step (2) again;
(6) On the basis of the step (5), flanging and mixing the mixture of the straw and the rice hull, the mixture of the soybean hull, the egg shell and the bamboo dust and the mixture of the carex meyeriana and the coffee grounds, and mixing for 2-3 times in a manner of throwing from top to bottom to fully mix the materials;
(7) Uniformly spraying a microbial fermentation agent on the basis of the step (6), laying a layer of film on the surface of the microbial fermentation agent, wherein the laying length of the film is determined according to the height and the thickness of the padding, ensuring that the film completely covers the surface of the padding, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 25-28 ℃ for 2-3 days;
(8) Placing the fermented padding in the sun for 4-5h, moving the padded padding into a piggery for live pig breeding or carrying out bagged storage, and adding a mildew inhibitor with the total padding mass of 1% into the bag, wherein the mildew inhibitor is a mustard extract, mugwort, caulis spatholobi and litsea cubeba, and the mass ratio of the mildew inhibitor is 3.
In this example, the difference from example 1 is that the leaves are leaves like camphor tree and camphor tree, the strain mutagen is different, the ratio of crude salt, sweet wine and water is different, the mildew preventive is different, and the other preparation methods are similar to example 1.
Example 3
The padding for pig breeding comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-150 parts of straw, 120-160 parts of rice husk, 50-75 parts of leaves, 45-60 parts of sawdust, 25-35 parts of wheat bran, 1-2 parts of microbial leavening agent, 20-50 parts of carex meyeriana, 1.5-4.5 parts of crude salt, 3-9 parts of sweet wine and 4-8 parts of coffee grounds; the leaves are mulberry leaves and broussonetia papyrifera leaves, wherein the mulberry leaves account for 30-50 parts, and the broussonetia papyrifera leaves account for 20-25 parts.
The microbial leavening agent is prepared from bacillus megatherium, cellulose decomposition bacteria, active lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and a strain mutagen according to the proportion of 1:1:1:1, 0.5, and mixing to prepare the powder; the strain mutagen is a combination of diethyl sulfate, nitrous acid and ethylene oxide, and the mass ratio of the strain mutagen is 2.
A preparation method of the padding for pig breeding comprises the following steps:
(1) The straws are placed in a crusher to be crushed, the crushing length of the straws is 3cm, then mixing and stirring the rice husk, the leaves, the sawdust and the wheat bran with the crushed straws;
(2) Adding the crude salt and the sweet wine into water, mixing and melting to obtain a mixed solution, and adding the mixed solution into spraying equipment for later use; the mass ratio of the crude salt to the sweet wine to the water is 1;
(3) Mixing the carex meyeriana after being dried with coffee grounds, and placing the carex meyeriana in a bundling mode; drying Carex meyeriana at 35-40 deg.C until the leaves are yellow, taking out part of semen glycines shells and bamboo dust, and spreading the bamboo dust on the surface of semen glycines shells in a staggered manner;
(4) Paving the mixture of the straws and the rice husks in the step (1) on the ground in a bundling manner, spraying the mixed liquid in the step (2), wherein the spraying amount of the mixed liquid is 5 percent of that of the padding, paving the bundled carex meyeriana and coffee grounds in the step (3), and spraying the mixed liquid in the rest step (2) again;
(5) On the basis of the step (4), performing flanging mixing on the mixture of the straws and the rice husks, the mixture of the soybean shells, the egg shells and the bamboo dust and the mixture of the carex meyeriana and the coffee grounds, and performing throwing mixing for 2-3 times from top to bottom to fully mix the materials;
(6) Uniformly spraying a microbial fermentation agent on the basis of the step (5), laying a layer of film on the surface of the microbial fermentation agent, wherein the laying length of the film is determined according to the height and the thickness of the padding, ensuring that the film completely covers the surface of the padding, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 25-28 ℃ for 2-3 days;
(7) Transferring the fermented padding into a pigsty for live pig breeding or bagging and storing, and adding a mildew preventive with the total padding mass of 1% into the bag, wherein the mildew preventive is a mesona extract, a cannabis sativa leaf extract and litsea cubeba, and the mass ratio of the mildew preventive to the litsea cubeba is 3.
In this embodiment, the difference from embodiment 1 is that the mixture of soybean hull, egg shell and bamboo dust is not added, the mint powder is not laid on the surface of the mixture of straw and rice hull, the mixed liquid is directly sprayed, the mixed and fermented padding is not subjected to the insolation treatment, the padding is directly moved to a piggery or stored in bags, and the other preparation methods are similar to embodiment 1.
Example 4
The padding for pig breeding comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-150 parts of straw, 120-160 parts of rice hull, 50-75 parts of leaves, 45-60 parts of sawdust, 25-35 parts of wheat bran, 1-2 parts of microbial leavening agent, 5-10 parts of mint powder, 20-50 parts of carex meyeriana, 1.5-4.5 parts of crude salt, 3-9 parts of sweet wine, 4-8 parts of coffee grounds, 50-80 parts of soybean hull, 20-40 parts of egg shell and 50-80 parts of bamboo sawdust; the leaves are mulberry leaves and broussonetia papyrifera leaves, wherein the mulberry leaves account for 30-50 parts, and the broussonetia papyrifera leaves account for 20-25 parts.
The microbial fermentation agent is prepared from bacillus megatherium, cellulose decomposition bacteria, active lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and a strain mutagen according to the proportion of 1:1:1:1, 0.5, and mixing to prepare the powder; the strain mutagen is a combination of diethyl sulfate, nitrous acid and ethylene oxide, and the mass ratio of the strain mutagen is 2.
A preparation method of the padding for pig breeding comprises the following steps:
(1) Putting the straws into a crusher for crushing treatment, wherein the crushing length of the straws is 3cm, and mixing and stirring the rice husks, the leaves, the sawdust and the wheat bran with the crushed straws;
(2) Adding the crude salt and the sweet wine into water, mixing and melting to obtain a mixed solution, and adding the mixed solution into spraying equipment for later use; the mass ratio of the crude salt to the sweet wine to the water is 1;
(4) Mixing and stirring soybean hulls, egg shells and bamboo scraps for later use;
(5) Paving the mixture of the straws and the rice husks in the step (1) on the ground in a bundling manner, paving mint powder on the surface of the mixture, spraying the mixed liquid in the step (2), wherein the spraying amount of the mixed liquid is 5% of the total padding, paving the mixture of the soybean hulls, the egg shells and the bamboo dust in the step (4) on the surface of the mixture, paving the bundled carex meyeriana and the coffee grounds in the step (3), and spraying the mixed liquid in the rest step (2) again;
(6) On the basis of the step (5), flanging and mixing the mixture of the straw and the rice hull, the mixture of the soybean hull, the egg shell and the bamboo dust and the mixture of the carex meyeriana and the coffee grounds, and mixing for 2-3 times in a manner of throwing from top to bottom to fully mix the materials;
(7) Uniformly spraying a microbial fermentation agent on the basis of the step (6), laying a layer of film on the surface of the microbial fermentation agent, wherein the laying length of the film is determined according to the height and the thickness of the padding, ensuring that the film completely covers the surface of the padding, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 25-28 ℃ for 2-3 days;
(8) And (3) placing the fermented padding in the sun for insolation for 4-5h, and moving the insolated padding to the interior of a pigsty for live pig breeding or bagging for storage.
In this example, the difference from example 1 is that the operation mode of the step (3) is omitted, that is, the straw and rice hull mixture is directly mixed with the mixture of the soybean hull, the egg shell and the bamboo dust without adding the carex and the coffee grounds, and then the mixture is sprayed, turned over, fermented, and the mildew preventive is not added into the bag for storing the padding, and other preparation steps are the same as example 1.
Examples of the applications
Applications 1
The environment inside the pig house and the state of the litter were tested in winter (after 4 weeks) and summer (after 4 weeks) with reference to the litter for pig breeding prepared in examples 1 to 4, respectively, and the results are shown in the following tables;
table 1 shows the condition of the padding for pig breeding prepared in examples 1 to 4 when used in summer
Table 2 shows the conditions of the live pig breeding litter prepared in examples 1 to 4 when used in winter
| Pig house environment (winter) | Temperature and humidity of padding | |
| Example 1 | Fresh air without obvious excrement odor | The temperature is 22-25 ℃, and the humidity is 43% |
| Example 2 | Fresh air without obvious excrement odor | The temperature is 22-25 ℃, and the humidity is 43% |
| Example 3 | Has little peculiar smell | The temperature is 15-21 ℃, and the humidity is 38% |
| Example 4 | The peculiar smell is slight, and most of the peculiar smell is peculiar smell of the pigling excrement | The temperature is 15-20 ℃, and the humidity is 35% |
As can be seen from the data in tables 1 and 2, the temperature and humidity of the padding prepared in examples 1-2 are kept balanced and the temperature difference is small, which is beneficial to the growing environment of live pigs, whether the padding is used in winter or summer, and examples 3-4 have higher temperature and higher humidity in summer, have larger temperature reduction in winter and obviously reduce humidity along with air humidity, which shows that the temperature and humidity effects of examples 1-2 are obviously better than those of examples 3 and 4. In addition, the pigsty environment of the embodiment 1-2 has no obvious peculiar smell in summer and winter, and a large amount of mosquitoes, soft creepers and flies do not influence the pigs.
Application 2
The following test was conducted by keeping the litter prepared in examples 1 to 4 in a bag in a warehouse for 3 months at room temperature, and observing the mildew of the litter stored in the bag in summer and winter (see tables 3 and 4), and the results were as follows:
table 3 shows the storage conditions of the bagged litter for pig farming prepared in examples 1 to 4 in summer
Table 4 shows the storage conditions of the bagged litter for pig farming prepared in examples 1 to 4 in winter
As can be seen from the data in tables 3 and 4, the dunnage produced by examples 1-2 did not mildew either when stored in winter or summer, and was relatively constant in temperature, facilitating storage and transportation of the dunnage. In contrast, example 3, which had not been exposed to the mixture of soybean hulls, egg shells and bamboo shavings, showed mold during storage and varied widely with room temperature. Example 4 mildew occurred due to the absence of added wula sedge, coffee grounds and mold inhibitor, and the mat structure showed strong temperature changes with room temperature changes.
In conclusion, the air permeability and the water absorbability of the padding can be improved by mixing the carex meyeriana and the coffee grounds, then mixing and stirring the carex meyeriana and the coffee grounds with the straws and the rice husks, meanwhile, the soybean shells, the egg shells and the bamboo chips respectively provide trace nutrients for strains in the padding, the bamboo chips have the effect of purifying air, the air in the pig house is ensured to be fresh, the surfaces of the egg shells and the soybean shells are sharp, soft reptiles on the surfaces of the padding in the pig house are reduced, the proper temperature and the proper humidity can be provided for the padding in winter and summer by the unique structure in the carex meyeriana, the pigs in the pig house are kept to grow in the proper temperature and humidity environment, the insect expelling treatment can be performed on the insides of the pig house by matching the coffee grounds and the mint powder, the influence of mosquitoes and flies on the growth of the pigs is reduced, and the propagation of bacteria is reduced.
Add the aquatic mixture with coarse salt and liqueur and melt the back, the spraying is on the surface of bedding and padding, and add biological fermentation agent, can decompose the inside microorganism of straw and rice husk, and coarse salt and liqueur can provide the essential element that the microorganism grows, guarantee that straw and rice husk are inside to produce enough bacterial, and then decompose the faecal excrement and urine of live pig by a wide margin, can avoid the inside faecal peculiar smell that produces of pig house, reduce simultaneously and breed personnel to faecal processing, and at the in-process of storing the bedding and padding, at the bag will interior mildew inhibitor that adds, can effectively avoid the bedding and padding to take place the phenomenon of mildening and rot under the too big environment of temperature, influence the personnel of breeding regularly for the inside bedding and padding that adds of pig house.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The padding for pig breeding is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-150 parts of straw, 120-160 parts of rice hull, 50-75 parts of leaves, 45-60 parts of sawdust, 25-35 parts of wheat bran, 1-2 parts of microbial leavening agent, 5-10 parts of mint powder, 20-50 parts of carex meyeriana, 1.5-4.5 parts of crude salt, 3-9 parts of sweet wine, 4-8 parts of coffee grounds, 50-80 parts of soybean hull, 20-40 parts of egg shell and 50-80 parts of bamboo sawdust; the leaves are one or a plurality of combinations of mulberry leaves, oak leaves, camphor tree leaves or broussonetia papyrifera leaves.
2. The padding for pig breeding as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microbial fermentation agent is prepared from bacillus megaterium, cellulose decomposition bacteria, active lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes and strain mutagen according to a ratio of 1:1:1:1, 0.5, and mixing.
3. The padding for raising live pigs according to claim 2, wherein the strain mutagen is any one or more of nitrogen mustard, diethyl sulfate, nitrous acid, ethylene oxide, ethylene imine, lithium chloride, actinomycin K and hydroxylamine.
4. The padding for pig raising as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water content of the leaves is 10-20%, the leaves are a mixture of mulberry leaves and broussonetia papyrifera leaves, and the mass ratio of the mulberry leaves to the broussonetia papyrifera leaves is (1-2): 1.
5. The preparation method of the padding for pig breeding according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Putting the straws into a crusher for crushing treatment, wherein the crushing length of the straws is 3-5cm, and mixing and stirring the rice husks, the leaves, the sawdust and the wheat bran with the crushed straws;
(2) Adding the crude salt and the sweet wine into water, mixing and melting to obtain a mixed solution, and adding the mixed solution into spraying equipment for later use;
(3) Mixing the carex meyeriana after drying treatment with coffee grounds, and placing in a bundling manner;
(4) Mixing and stirring soybean hulls, egg shells and bamboo scraps for later use;
(5) Paving the straws and the rice husks in the step (1) on the ground in a bundling manner, paving mint powder and spraying a mixed solution on the surfaces of the straws and the rice husks, paving a mixture of the soybean hulls, the egg shells and the bamboo dust in the step (4) on the surfaces of the straws and the rice husks, paving the bundled carex meyeriana and the coffee grounds in the step (3), and spraying the mixed solution again;
(6) On the basis of the step (5), performing flanging mixing on the mixture of the straws and the rice husks, the mixture of the soybean shells, the egg shells and the bamboo dust and the mixture of the carex meyeriana and the coffee grounds, and performing throwing mixing for 2-3 times from top to bottom to fully mix the materials;
(7) Adding a microbial fermentation agent on the basis of the step (6), laying a layer of film on the surface of the microbial fermentation agent, wherein the laying length of the film is determined according to the height and the thickness of the padding, ensuring that the film completely covers the surface of the padding, and performing anaerobic fermentation at the temperature of 25-28 ℃ for 2-3 days;
(8) And (3) placing the fermented padding in the sun for airing for 4-5 hours, moving the aired padding into a pigsty for live pig breeding or storing the padding in bags, and adding a mildew inhibitor into the bags.
6. The method for preparing the padding for pig breeding according to claim 5, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (2), the ratio of the crude salt, the sweet wine and the water is (1-2): (2-4): (3-6).
7. The method for preparing the padding for pig breeding according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), the carex meyeriana is dried at the temperature of 30-45 ℃ until the grass leaves are yellow.
8. The method for preparing the padding for pig breeding according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (5), the amount of the mixed liquid sprayed for the first time is 5% of the total padding, and the total padding is a mixture of straw and rice husk laid on the ground and a mixture of carex meyeriana and coffee grounds.
9. The method for preparing the padding for pig breeding according to claim 5, characterized by comprising the following steps: in the step (8), the mildew preventive is one or a combination of more than two of mustard extract, mugwort, hemp leaf extract, suberect spatholobus stem and litsea cubeba.
10. The method for preparing the padding for pig breeding according to claim 9, characterized by comprising the following steps: the mildew preventive is composed of a mesona extract, a hemp leaf extract and litsea cubeba, and the mass ratio of the mildew preventive to the mesona extract is 3.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| PL443383A1 (en) * | 2022-12-31 | 2024-07-01 | Politechnika Bydgoska Im. Jana I Jędrzeja Śniadeckich | Bedding material in the form of pellets used as a substrate for keeping animals, and method of its production |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107969343A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-05-01 | 安徽省强家庄生态农业有限公司 | A kind of fermentation bed for pig raising bedding and padding and preparation method thereof |
| CN112167166A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-01-05 | 内蒙古天科农牧业有限公司 | Ecological pig raising method |
| CN114158485A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-11 | 安徽省农业科学院农业工程研究所 | Zero-emission straw padding for pig breeding and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107969343A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-05-01 | 安徽省强家庄生态农业有限公司 | A kind of fermentation bed for pig raising bedding and padding and preparation method thereof |
| CN112167166A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-01-05 | 内蒙古天科农牧业有限公司 | Ecological pig raising method |
| CN114158485A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-11 | 安徽省农业科学院农业工程研究所 | Zero-emission straw padding for pig breeding and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PL443383A1 (en) * | 2022-12-31 | 2024-07-01 | Politechnika Bydgoska Im. Jana I Jędrzeja Śniadeckich | Bedding material in the form of pellets used as a substrate for keeping animals, and method of its production |
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