CN115250731B

CN115250731B - Silage corn harvesting and paving mechanism, harvester and method

Info

Publication number: CN115250731B
Application number: CN202210908928.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 宋卫海; 杨硕林
Original assignee: Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University
Current assignee: Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University
Priority date: 2022-07-29
Filing date: 2022-07-29
Publication date: 2023-09-08
Anticipated expiration: 2042-07-29
Also published as: CN115250731A

Abstract

The application discloses a silage corn harvesting and paving mechanism, a harvester and a silage corn harvesting method, and relates to the field of silage corn harvesting equipment, wherein the silage corn harvesting equipment comprises a main shaft, a plurality of inner nested shafts are sleeved along the axial direction of the main shaft at intervals, and each inner nested shaft is arranged in an outer nested shaft; the inner nested shaft is circumferentially provided with a plurality of spiral grooves, and the outer nested shaft is correspondingly provided with reverse spiral grooves matched with the spiral grooves; the sieve bars sequentially pass through the reverse spiral groove and the spiral groove and are connected with the main shaft, and each embedded sleeve is circumferentially connected with a plurality of sieve bars with different lengths. According to the application, the sieve bars form a composite stirring track movement process by matching the inner sleeve shaft and the outer sleeve shaft, so that the silage is uniformly paved and filled; and the silage can be loosened, adhered and promoted to be scraped, and the problems of local accumulation, ejection and the like are avoided.

Description

Silage corn harvesting and paving mechanism, harvester and method

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of silage corn harvesting equipment, in particular to a silage corn harvesting paving mechanism, a silage corn harvesting machine and a silage corn harvesting method.

Background

Currently silage is typically ejected at a fixed angle in silage harvesters, resulting in accumulation of silage. After the silage machine is smashed, the silage machine can be piled up at a fixed place when the silage machine sprays poplar to a feed box through the guide cylinder due to the fact that the paving device is not arranged. In addition, when silage corns are harvested, the crushed bodies are high in humidity and are easy to adhere to form blocks, and subsequent deep processing treatment is not easy to carry out.

CN215223179U discloses a self-propelled silage harvester, including the harvester frame, and the top of harvester frame is provided with the throwing mechanism that is located between operation panel and the feed bin, and the discharge end movable mounting of throwing mechanism has the guide hopper, drives the reciprocating swing of guide hopper through positive reverse motor, changes the whereabouts direction of silage. CN214430222U discloses a self-propelled silage harvester, and the centre at automobile body top is provided with feeding mechanism, and the catch bar passes through the link and drives the feed bin lid and control the removal, and rethread adjustment motor drives the lead screw and rotates, and the lead screw drives the conveying pipe and slide about feeding mechanism's top, and silage can evenly fall at feed bin lid's top, and then the silage evenly enters into the hopper through the feed inlet, avoids silage to pile up at the feed bin center.

It can be seen that, in the prior art, accumulation of feed is usually avoided by changing the material throwing angle or the action of a bin cover, however, when corn is harvested, the smashing body is relatively high in humidity and easy to adhere to form a block, and the above scheme can only avoid accumulation to a certain extent, but can not treat the adhesion block, so that the processing of subsequent feed is not facilitated.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the application aims to provide a silage corn harvesting and paving mechanism, a silage corn harvester and a silage corn harvesting and paving method, wherein a sieve rod forms a composite stirring track movement process through the cooperation of an inner sleeve shaft and an outer sleeve shaft, so that silage can be uniformly paved and filled; and the silage can be loosened, adhered and promoted to be scraped, and the problems of local accumulation, ejection and the like are avoided.

In order to achieve the above object, the present application is realized by the following technical scheme:

in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a silage corn harvesting and paving mechanism, including a main shaft, a plurality of inner nested shafts sleeved along an axial direction thereof at intervals, each inner nested shaft being disposed in an outer nested shaft; the inner nested shaft is circumferentially provided with a plurality of spiral grooves, and the outer nested shaft is correspondingly provided with reverse spiral grooves matched with the spiral grooves; the sieve bars sequentially pass through the reverse spiral groove and the spiral groove and are connected with the main shaft, and each embedded sleeve is circumferentially connected with a plurality of sieve bars with different lengths.

As a further implementation mode, one end of the outer nested shaft is connected with the steering gear, and the other end of the main shaft is connected with the motor, so that the sieve rod moves at a uniform speed along the axial direction when the steering gear rotates.

As a further implementation, the sieve bars with different lengths are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction of the inner sleeve shaft to form a plurality of gears.

As a further implementation, the spacing between adjacent sieve bars along the axial direction of the main shaft is not less than 40cm.

As a further implementation manner, the sieve rod comprises a rod body, and one end of the rod body, which is far away from the main shaft, is connected with a plurality of guide vanes.

In a second aspect, embodiments of the present application also provide a silage corn harvester comprising the paving mechanism.

As a further implementation mode, the device further comprises a loading and unloading vehicle, wherein the paving mechanism is in sliding connection with the loading and unloading vehicle, and the loading and unloading vehicle is provided with an angle-adjustable spraying guide cylinder.

As a further implementation mode, the top of the loading and unloading vehicle is provided with a guide rail extending along the length direction, the paving mechanism is connected with the guide rail through a sliding block, and the sliding block is connected with the driving mechanism.

In a third aspect, the embodiment of the application also provides a working method of the silage corn harvester, when the silage corn harvester starts working, the jet nozzle of the jet guide cylinder starts to jet feed towards the right lower part, and the feed starts to be piled up;

the driving mechanism drives the paving mechanism to reciprocate along the length direction of the loading and unloading truck under the control system, the steering gear is controlled by the motor to rotate at a constant speed in the process of reciprocating forward and backward of the main shaft, the sieve rod moves at a constant speed along the axis direction when the outer nested shaft rotates anticlockwise, and the sieve rod moves back along the main shaft direction when the motor rotates reversely, so that the sieve rod forms a process similar to the movement of a composite stirring track.

As a further implementation, the gear shift is achieved by the motor when the feed height reaches the set height.

The beneficial effects of the application are as follows:

(1) The main shaft is connected with a plurality of sieve rods with different lengths, the sieve rods are matched with the outer nested shaft through the inner nested shaft, and spiral grooves with opposite rotation directions are formed in the inner nested shaft and the outer nested shaft, so that the sieve rods can move at a uniform speed along the axial direction when the outer nested shaft rotates, and the spreading action is realized.

(2) The main shaft is connected with the motor, the gear of the sieve rod is adjusted through the rotation of the motor, the sieve rod is suitable for feeds with different depths, and the applicability of the device is improved.

(3) The paving mechanism is arranged on the loading and unloading vehicle and can move along the vehicle body, so that the sieve rod is matched with the paving mechanism to move horizontally to form a composite stirring track to reciprocate, the swinging motion of the sieve rod is used for paving the stacking body, the adhesion blocks are alternately turned and broken through the matched motion of the inner sleeve shaft and the outer sleeve shaft, loosening and stripping of silage are promoted, the scraping is facilitated, the optimal paving effect is achieved, and the loading efficiency is improved.

(4) The application is provided with the spraying guide cylinder with adjustable angle, can adjust the angle along with the automatic composite stirring track of the silage harvester, and improves the working efficiency and quality.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application.

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a paving mechanism according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the engagement of a screen bar with inner and outer nested shafts according to one or more embodiments of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a paving mechanism and a lift truck assembly according to one or more embodiments of the present application;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the paving mechanism according to one or more embodiments of the present application.

Wherein, 1, an inner nested shaft, 2, an outer nested shaft, 3, a sieve rod, 31, a rod body, 32, guide vanes, 4, a main shaft, 5, a first motor, 6, a second motor, 7, a steering gear, 8 and a spraying guide cylinder, 9, a third motor, 10, a loading and unloading vehicle, 11, a screw rod, 12, a first guide rail, 13, a second guide rail, 14, a sliding block, 15, a paving body, 16, a stacking body, 17 and an adhesion block.

Detailed Description

Embodiment one:

the embodiment provides a silage corn harvesting and paving mechanism, which comprises a main shaft 4, inner nested shafts 1, outer nested shafts 2, sieve rods 3 and the like, wherein a plurality of inner nested shafts 1 are sleeved along the axial direction of the main shaft 4 at intervals, and each inner nested shaft 4 is arranged in the same outer nested shaft 2.

The inner sleeve shaft 1 and the outer sleeve shaft 2 of the embodiment are both sleeve structures, and the length of the outer sleeve shaft 2 is far greater than that of the inner sleeve shaft 1. As shown in fig. 2, the inner sleeve shaft 1 is circumferentially provided with a plurality of spiral grooves, which are through grooves penetrating through the inner sleeve shaft 1 and are spirally distributed. The outer sleeve shaft 2 is provided with reverse spiral grooves corresponding to each inner sleeve shaft 1, the reverse spiral grooves are distributed along the circumferential direction of the outer sleeve shaft 2, and the rotation direction of the reverse spiral grooves is opposite to that of the spiral grooves.

The sieve rod 3 sequentially passes through the reverse spiral groove and the spiral groove and is connected with the main shaft 4, the rotation of the outer nested shaft 2 is realized through the cooperation of the spiral groove and the reverse spiral groove, and the inversion of the inner nested shaft 1 is promoted to realize the axial movement of the sieve rod 3.

As shown in fig. 1, each inner sleeve shaft 1 is provided with a plurality of screen bars 3, namely a group, the outer sleeve shaft 2 is axially provided with a plurality of groups of screen bars 3, the number of the screen bars 3 is the same as that of the spiral grooves and the reverse spiral grooves corresponding to the outer sleeve shaft 2, the lengths of the screen bars 3 of each group are different, and the screen bars 3 of each group are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction of the outer sleeve shaft 2, so that each group of screen bars 3 form a plurality of gears.

The distance between the adjacent groups of sieve rods 3 is not less than 40cm, so that the feed can be paved.

The main shaft 4 is sleeved in the outer sleeve shaft 2 through the inner sleeve shaft 1, the main shaft 4, the inner sleeve shaft 1 and the outer sleeve shaft 2 are coaxially arranged, one end of the main shaft 4 stretches into the outer sleeve shaft 2 and can extend to be flush with one end of the outer sleeve shaft 2 or can be a certain distance from the end; the other end of the main shaft 4 is connected with a first motor 5, the main shaft 4 is driven by the first motor 5 to drive the sieve bars 3 to rotate, so that the sieve bars 3 with different lengths correspond to feeds, and gear switching is realized.

Because sieve pole 3 and main shaft 4 fixed connection, in order to realize the removal of sieve pole 3 along the horizontal direction, the main shaft 4 sets up flexible characteristic with the link of first motor 5, for example: the end of the main shaft 4 is internally provided with a cavity, two sides of the cavity are symmetrically provided with guide holes, guide pieces (such as guide posts, guide plates and the like) are arranged in the guide holes, the guide pieces are fixed on a connecting shaft, and the connecting shaft is connected with a motor shaft.

In this embodiment, the screen bars 3 are provided with four gear positions, that is, four screen bars 3 are provided in each group, four opposite spiral grooves and four spiral grooves are correspondingly provided, and the unit lengths of the four screen bars 3 are 120cm, 80cm, 50cm and 20cm in sequence.

As shown in fig. 1, one end of the outer sleeve shaft 2 opposite to the first motor 5 is connected with a second motor 6 through a steering gear 7, and the second motor 6 drives the outer sleeve shaft 2 to rotate, so that the sieve rod 3 moves at a uniform speed along the axial direction due to the cooperation of the reverse spiral groove and the spiral groove.

As shown in fig. 2, the sieve bar 3 includes a bar body 31 and guide vanes 32, and an end of the bar body 31 remote from the main shaft 4 is connected to a plurality of guide vanes 32, for example: the guide bar 31 mounts two guide vanes 32.

In this embodiment, the guide vane 32 has a V-shaped structure.

The nested axle 2 of this embodiment is supporting multiunit sieve pole 3, forms multisection structure, realizes evenly spreading and filling to silage, and sieve pole 3 and main shaft 4 are through the cooperation of inside and outside nested axle to the compound stirring orbit motion process of whole process to and solve loose silage adhesion and promote the problem of wastage such as scraping reduction local pile up and blowout.

Embodiment two:

the embodiment provides a silage corn harvester, as shown in fig. 3, comprising a loading and unloading truck 10 and the paving mechanism in the first embodiment, wherein the paving mechanism is arranged at the top of a carriage of the loading and unloading truck 10 and is in sliding connection with the carriage, and the aim of uniform speed along the main shaft direction and movement along the whole vehicle body direction are realized by arranging the sliding connection of an outer sleeve shaft 2, an inner sleeve shaft 1 and the paving mechanism and the vehicle body, so that the composite stirring track is fluctuated in the sweeping process of a sieve rod 3 after the composite stirring track is compounded; the silage is loosened and stripped, the silage is more beneficial to scraping, so that the optimal paving effect is achieved, and the loading efficiency is improved.

The system also comprises a control system, the control system adopts PLC, and the embodiment takes the Siemens series PLC-S7-200SMART ST20 model PLC as a core.

The carriage of the loading and unloading truck 10 is provided with a first guide rail 12 and a second guide rail 13 along the length direction thereof, and two ends of the paving mechanism are respectively connected with the first guide rail 12 and the second guide rail 13 in a sliding way. Specifically, the first motor 5 and the second motor 6 are respectively matched with the first guide rail 12 and the second guide rail 13 through the sliding blocks 14, or the first motor 5 and the second motor 6 are directly connected with the first guide rail 12 and the second guide rail 13 in a sliding manner.

One end of the paving mechanism is connected with a driving mechanism, in the embodiment, the driving mechanism is arranged at one end of a first guide rail 12 and comprises a third motor 9 and a screw rod 11, and the third motor 9 is connected with a sliding block 14 through the screw rod 11, so that the paving mechanism can reciprocate (alternately move forwards and backwards) along the length direction of a carriage, and the paving effect is realized.

The loading and unloading truck 10 is provided with the spraying guide cylinder 8 with an adjustable angle, and the angle adjustment mode can be realized through motor driving, and also can be realized through a motor driving gear mechanism or other mechanisms.

The paving mechanism of the embodiment forms a vehicle-mounted structure, can move along a linear direction under the action of the driving mechanism, and realizes the process similar to the movement of a composite stirring track by controlling the back-and-forth reciprocating motion of the screen rod 3 and the horizontal motion of the paving mechanism along the guide rail through controlling the third motor 9, thereby realizing the paving of deep stacked feeds.

The paving mechanism of the embodiment realizes the reciprocating motion of the front and rear composite stirring tracks by the control of a motor through a PLC, the motor drives the screw rod 11 to rotate at a constant speed, and simultaneously, the front and rear fixed gear adjustment of the device is realized, so that the residence time and the travel track can be controlled; the working efficiency is improved and the waste of silage is reduced. The embodiment has simple operation and control, stable structure and small occupied space.

The embodiment ensures that the automatic composite stirring track of the silage harvester follows the characteristic that the angle adjusting spraying guide cylinder 8 is stable, flexible, low in noise and small in occupied space through the control of the angle making process by the PLC. The embodiment does not adopt a pneumatic control or hydraulic control system, and selects an electric control mode to integrally operate, and compared with hydraulic pressure and air pressure, the electric control has the advantages of high precision, energy saving, space saving, low noise and the like, and the pollution is smaller in the working process.

And the electric actuator is cheaper than hydraulic and pneumatic, and the cost is lower for later replacement or maintenance equipment. Compared with other control systems, the PLC control system has the following advantages compared with a relay control system: the PLC control system writes a set program through a computer, downloads the program into the microprocessor through the communication module, controls the execution element to realize corresponding actions according to specified requirements, and is more convenient and concise; the modification program of the PLC control system is simple; the reaction speed of the PLC control system is high; the PLC control system realizes soft triggering through the internal relay, and has no mechanical loss, so that the service life is long and the reliability is high.

Embodiment III:

the embodiment provides a working method of a silage corn harvester, which adopts the harvester according to the second embodiment, and comprises the following steps:

when the silage harvester starts to work, the nozzle of the spraying guide cylinder 8 starts to spray feed from the direction right below, at the moment, the feed starts to be piled up, the third motor 9 starts to operate under the control of the control system (such as a PLC) to drive the lead screw 11 to rotate so as to realize the front-back movement of the paving mechanism, the steering gear 7 rotates at a uniform speed of about 180 degrees through the second motor 6 in the process of reciprocating the paving mechanism, and when the outer sleeve shaft 2 rotates anticlockwise, the sieve rod 3 moves at a uniform speed along the axis direction due to the matching relation with the inner sleeve shaft 1 and the sieve rod 3.

When the second motor 6 is controlled to rotate reversely, the sieve rod 3 moves back and forth along the axial direction, so that the reciprocating motion of the sieve rod 3 and the horizontal motion of the paving mechanism along the guide rail in the single-angle fixed horizontal direction realize the process similar to the motion of the composite stirring track.

The length of the screen rod 3 is different so as to realize the laying work process of deep layer stacked feed, when the feed height is increased along with the time, the first motor 5 realizes the gear shifting process of the screen rod 3 at a uniform speed of 90 degrees, and the gear is shifted to a proper gear so as to realize the change of the laying mechanism and the adaptation height.

As shown in fig. 4, in the process of swinging along with the main shaft according to a prescribed swinging angle, the guide vane 32 cooperates with the rod body 31, the rod body 31 moves along the cooperation path of the inner nested shaft 1 and the outer nested shaft 2 to generate an axial movement distance, the two movements are combined into a stirring track, and the stirring track stirs and pulverizes the stacked body 16 into the paving body 15.

The stirring track is arranged along with the change of the swing speed, the main shaft rotating speed and the guide rail moving speed, and a change area of the stirring track, namely a composite area, can be generated. When the whole paving mechanism reciprocates on the guide rail, the swinging motion of the rod body 31 and the guide vane 32 paves the stacked body 16. As silage corns are crushed and have certain humidity, adhesion blocks 17 are extremely easy to occur, and the adhesion blocks 17 are alternately and directionally crushed through the matched movement of the inner nested shaft 1 and the outer nested shaft 2.

The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. The silage corn harvesting and paving mechanism is characterized by comprising a main shaft, wherein a plurality of inner nested shafts are sleeved along the axial direction of the main shaft at intervals, and each inner nested shaft is arranged in an outer nested shaft; the inner nested shaft is circumferentially provided with a plurality of spiral grooves, and the outer nested shaft is correspondingly provided with reverse spiral grooves matched with the spiral grooves; the sieve rods sequentially pass through the reverse spiral groove and the spiral groove and are connected with the main shaft, and each embedded sleeve is circumferentially connected with a plurality of sieve rods with different lengths;

one end of the outer nested shaft is connected with the steering gear, one end, opposite to the steering gear, of the main shaft is connected with the first motor, and the connecting end of the main shaft and the first motor is provided with telescopic characteristics so as to enable the sieve rod to move at a uniform speed along the axial direction when the steering gear rotates;

the sieve bars with different lengths are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction of the embedded sleeve shaft to form a plurality of gears, and gear shifting is realized through the first motor.

2. A silage corn harvesting and paving mechanism as set forth in claim 1, wherein the spacing between adjacent sieve bars along the axial direction of the main shaft is not less than 40cm.

3. The silage corn harvesting and paving mechanism of claim 1, wherein the sieve bar includes a bar body, and wherein an end of the bar body remote from the main shaft is connected to the plurality of guide vanes.

4. A silage maize harvester comprising a spreading mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. The silage corn harvester of claim 4, further comprising a lift truck, wherein the paving mechanism is slidably coupled to the lift truck, and wherein the lift truck is provided with an angularly adjustable spray guide.

6. The silage corn harvester of claim 5, wherein the top of the lift truck is provided with a guide rail extending along a length direction, the paving mechanism is connected with the guide rail through a slide block, and the slide block is connected with the driving mechanism.

7. A method of operating a silage maize harvester according to claim 5 or 6, wherein when the silage maize harvester is started to operate, the jet of the jet guide cylinder starts to jet feed towards the right lower side, and the feed starts to accumulate;

the driving mechanism drives the paving mechanism to reciprocate along the length direction of the loading and unloading truck under the control system, the steering gear is controlled to rotate at a constant speed by the second motor in the process of reciprocating the main shaft back and forth, the sieve rod moves at a constant speed along the axis direction when the outer nested shaft rotates anticlockwise, and the sieve rod moves back along the main shaft direction when the second motor rotates reversely, so that the sieve rod forms a process similar to the movement of a composite stirring track.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first motor is used to shift gears when the feed level reaches a set level.