CN115250731A

CN115250731A - Silage corn harvesting and paving mechanism, harvester and method

Info

Publication number: CN115250731A
Application number: CN202210908928.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 宋卫海; 杨硕林
Original assignee: Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University
Current assignee: Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University
Priority date: 2022-07-29
Filing date: 2022-07-29
Publication date: 2022-11-01
Anticipated expiration: 2042-07-29
Also published as: CN115250731B

Abstract

The invention discloses a mechanism, a harvester and a method for harvesting and paving silage corns, and relates to the field of silage corn harvesting equipment, wherein the mechanism comprises a main shaft, a plurality of embedded sleeve shafts are sleeved at intervals along the axial direction of the main shaft, and each embedded sleeve shaft is arranged in an external embedded sleeve shaft; the embedded sleeve shaft is provided with a plurality of spiral wire grooves in the circumferential direction, and the external embedded sleeve shaft is correspondingly provided with reverse spiral wire grooves matched with the spiral wire grooves; the sieve rod passes through the reverse spiral groove and the spiral groove in sequence and is connected with the main shaft, and each embedded sleeve shaft is circumferentially connected with a plurality of sieve rods with different lengths. According to the invention, the sieve rods form a composite stirring track motion process through the matching of the inner embedded sleeve shaft and the outer embedded sleeve shaft, so that silage is uniformly paved and filled; and the adhesion of silage can be loosened and the scraping is promoted, so that the problems of local accumulation, ejection and the like are avoided.

Description

Silage corn harvesting and paving mechanism, harvester and method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of silage corn harvesting equipment, in particular to a silage corn harvesting and paving mechanism, a silage corn harvesting machine and a silage corn harvesting and paving method.

Background

Currently, silage is typically ejected at a fixed angle in a silage harvester, resulting in a pile of silage. Because the spreading device is not arranged, the ensilage machine can generate fixed place accumulation when the poplar is sprayed to the material box through the guide cylinder after the stirring is finished. In addition, when the silage corns are harvested, the crushed bodies have high humidity and are easy to adhere to form blocks, and subsequent deep processing treatment is not easy to perform.

CN215223179U discloses a self-propelled silage harvester, including the harvester frame, and the top of harvester frame is provided with the throwing material mechanism that is located between operation panel and the feed bin, and the discharge end movable mounting of throwing material mechanism has the guide fill, drives the guide fill reciprocating swing through positive and negative motor, changes the whereabouts direction of silage. CN214430222U discloses a self-propelled silage harvester, the centre at automobile body top is provided with feeding mechanism, and the catch bar passes through the link and drives the feed bin lid and remove about, and the rethread adjustment motor drives the lead screw and rotates, and the lead screw drives the conveying pipe and slides about feeding mechanism's top, and silage can evenly fall on the top of feed bin lid, and then during silage evenly enters into the hopper through the feed inlet, avoids silage to pile up at the feed bin center.

It is thus clear that the piling up of fodder is usually avoided through changing throwing material angle or feed bin lid action among the prior art, however during maize results, the great easy adhesion of rubbing crusher humidity forms the piece, and above-mentioned scheme can only avoid piling up to a certain extent, but can not handle the adhesion piece, is unfavorable for the processing of follow-up fodder.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a mechanism, a harvester and a method for harvesting and paving silage corns, wherein a sieve rod forms a composite stirring track motion process through the matching of an inner embedded shaft and an outer embedded shaft, so that silage is uniformly paved and filled; and the adhesion of silage can be loosened and the scraping is promoted, so that the problems of local accumulation, ejection and the like are avoided.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

in a first aspect, an embodiment of the invention provides a silage corn harvesting and paving mechanism, which comprises a main shaft, a plurality of inner nested shafts and an outer nested shaft, wherein the inner nested shafts are sleeved at intervals along the axial direction of the main shaft; the embedded sleeve shaft is provided with a plurality of spiral wire grooves in the circumferential direction, and the external embedded sleeve shaft is correspondingly provided with reverse spiral wire grooves matched with the spiral wire grooves; the sieve rod passes through the reverse spiral groove and the spiral groove in sequence and is connected with the main shaft, and each embedded sleeve shaft is circumferentially connected with a plurality of sieve rods with different lengths.

As a further implementation mode, one end of the externally-embedded sleeve shaft is connected with the steering gear, and the other end of the main shaft is connected with the motor so as to enable the sieve rod to move at a constant speed along the axial direction when the steering gear rotates.

As a further implementation mode, the sieve rods with different lengths are sequentially arranged along the circumferential direction of the embedded sleeve shaft to form a plurality of gears.

As a further realization, the spacing between the sieve rods adjacent in the axial direction of the main shaft is not less than 40cm.

As further implementation, the sieve pole includes the body of rod, and a plurality of stator are connected to the one end that the main shaft was kept away from to the body of rod.

In a second aspect, the embodiment of the invention also provides a silage corn harvester, which comprises the paving mechanism.

As a further implementation mode, the device further comprises a loading and unloading vehicle, wherein the paving mechanism is in sliding connection with the loading and unloading vehicle, and the loading and unloading vehicle is provided with a spraying guide cylinder with an adjustable angle.

As a further implementation mode, the top of the loading and unloading vehicle is provided with a guide rail extending along the length direction, the paving mechanism is connected with the guide rail through a sliding block, and the sliding block is connected with a driving mechanism.

In a third aspect, the embodiment of the invention also provides a working method of the silage corn harvester, when the silage corn harvester starts to work, the nozzle of the blowing guide cylinder starts to spray feed towards the right lower part, and the feed starts to be stacked;

the driving mechanism drives the paving mechanism to reciprocate along the length direction of the loading and unloading vehicle under the control system, the steering gear is controlled by a motor to rotate at a constant speed in the process that the main shaft does reciprocating motion back and forth, the sieve rod moves at a constant speed along the axis direction when the externally-embedded shaft rotates anticlockwise, and the sieve rod moves in a return stroke along the direction of the main shaft when the motor rotates reversely, so that the sieve rod forms a process similar to the motion of a composite stirring track.

As a further implementation mode, when the feed height reaches the set height, gear shifting is achieved through the motor.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The main shaft of the invention is connected with a plurality of sieve rods with different lengths, the sieve rods are matched with the external embedded shaft through the embedded sleeve shaft, and the embedded sleeve shaft and the external embedded shaft are provided with spiral wire grooves with opposite rotation directions, so that the sieve rods can move at a uniform speed along the axial direction when the external embedded shaft rotates, and the paving action is realized.

(2) The main shaft of the invention is connected with the motor, the gear adjustment of the sieve rod is realized through the rotation of the motor, the invention is suitable for feeds with different depths, and the applicability of the device is improved.

(3) The paving mechanism is arranged on the loading and unloading vehicle and can move along the vehicle body, so that the sieve rod is matched with the paving mechanism to move horizontally to form a reciprocating motion of a composite stirring track, the swinging motion of the sieve rod paves a deposited body, and the adhesion blocks are alternately turned and crushed through the matched motion of the embedded sleeve shaft and the external embedded sleeve shaft, so that the loosening and stripping of silage grains are promoted, the scraping is facilitated, the optimal paving effect is achieved, and the loading efficiency is improved.

(4) The angle-adjustable spraying guide cylinder is arranged, the angle can be adjusted along with the automatic composite stirring track of the ensiling harvester, and the working efficiency and the quality are improved.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a paving mechanism according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a screen bar according to one or more embodiments of the present invention in cooperation with an inner and outer nested shaft;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a paving mechanism assembled with a lift truck in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a functional diagram of a paving mechanism according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

The device comprises an embedded sleeve shaft 1, an embedded sleeve shaft 2, an external embedded sleeve shaft 3, a sieve rod 31, a rod body 32, a guide vane 4, a main shaft 5, a first motor 6, a second motor 7, a steering gear 8, a spraying guide cylinder 9, a third motor 10, a loading and unloading vehicle 11, a lead screw 12, a first guide rail 13, a second guide rail 14, a sliding block 15, a paving body 16, a stacking body 17 and a bonding block.

Detailed Description

The first embodiment is as follows:

the embodiment provides a mechanism is paved in silage maize results, as shown in fig. 1, including main shaft 4, embedded sleeve axle 1, outer embedded sleeve axle 2, sieve pole 3 etc. establish a plurality of embedded sleeve axles 1 along 4 axial intervals of main shaft, each embedded sleeve axle 4 is located in same outer embedded sleeve axle 2.

The embedded sleeve shaft 1 and the external embedded sleeve shaft 2 of the embodiment are both of a sleeve structure, and the length of the external embedded sleeve shaft 2 is far greater than that of the embedded sleeve shaft 1. As shown in fig. 2, a plurality of spiral grooves are formed in the circumferential direction of the inner sleeve shaft 1, and the spiral grooves are through grooves penetrating the inner sleeve shaft 1 and are distributed spirally. The outer embedded shaft 2 is provided with reverse spiral grooves corresponding to each embedded shaft 1, the reverse spiral grooves are circumferentially distributed along the outer embedded shaft 2, and the rotating direction of the reverse spiral grooves is opposite to that of the spiral grooves.

The sieve rod 3 sequentially penetrates through the reverse spiral groove and the spiral groove and is connected with the main shaft 4, the outer embedded shaft 2 is rotated through the matching of the spiral groove and the reverse spiral groove, and the sieve rod 3 moves along the axial direction through the reverse rotation of the embedded shaft 1.

As shown in fig. 1, every embedded sleeve axle 1 disposes a plurality of sieve poles 3, be a set of promptly, and 2 axial of embedded sleeve axle set up multiunit sieve poles 3 outward, and 3 numbers of sieve poles are the same with spiral groove and the corresponding reverse spiral groove number of embedded sleeve axle 2 outward, and the length of every group sieve pole 3 is different, and sets gradually along 2 circumference of embedded sleeve axle outward, makes every group sieve pole 3 form a plurality of gears.

The distance between the adjacent groups of sieve rods 3 is not less than 40cm, so that the fodder can be laid flat.

The main shaft 4 is sleeved in the outer embedded shaft 2 through the embedded sleeve shaft 1, the main shaft 4, the embedded sleeve shaft 1 and the outer embedded shaft 2 are coaxially arranged, one end of the main shaft 4 extends into the outer embedded shaft 2 and can extend to be flush with one end of the outer embedded shaft 2 or have a certain distance with the end part; the other end of the main shaft 4 is connected with a first motor 5, the main shaft 4 is driven by the first motor 5 to drive the sieve rods 3 to rotate, so that the sieve rods 3 with different lengths correspond to feed, and gear switching is realized.

Because sieve pole 3 and main shaft 4 fixed connection, in order to realize the removal of sieve pole 3 along the horizontal direction, the link of main shaft 4 and first motor 5 sets up flexible characteristic, for example: the end of the main shaft 4 is internally provided with a cavity, guide holes are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the cavity, guide pieces (such as guide columns, guide plates and the like) are arranged in the guide holes, the guide pieces are fixed on a connecting shaft, and the connecting shaft is connected with a motor shaft.

In this embodiment, the sieve rod 3 sets up four gears, and every group sieve rod 3 is equipped with four promptly, and reverse spiral groove, spiral groove correspond and set up four, and four sieve rods 3 are 120cm, 80cm, 50cm, 20cm unit length in proper order.

As shown in fig. 1, one end of the external nested shaft 2 opposite to the first motor 5 is connected with a second motor 6 through a steering gear 7, the second motor 6 drives the external nested shaft 2 to rotate, and the sieve rod 3 moves at a uniform speed along the axial direction due to the matching of the reverse spiral groove and the spiral groove.

As shown in fig. 2, the sieve bar 3 includes a bar body 31 and a guide vane 32, and one end of the bar body 31 away from the main shaft 4 is connected to a plurality of guide vanes 32, for example: the guide bar 31 mounts two vanes 32.

In the present embodiment, the guide vane 32 has a V-shaped configuration.

The supporting multiunit sieve pole 3 of the outer nested axle 2 of this embodiment forms multisection structure, realizes evenly paving and filling silage, and sieve pole 3 and main shaft 4 are through the cooperation of inside and outside nested axle to the compound stirring orbit motion process of whole process to and solve loose silage adhesion and promote to strickle off the problem of reducing the waste such as local piling up and blowout.

Example two:

the embodiment provides a silage corn harvester, which comprises a loading and unloading truck 10 and a paving mechanism according to the first embodiment, wherein the paving mechanism is arranged at the top of a carriage of the loading and unloading truck 10 and is in sliding connection with the carriage, and through arranging an outer embedded sleeve shaft 2 and an inner embedded sleeve shaft 1 and the sliding connection of the paving mechanism and a truck body, the uniform speed along the direction of a main shaft and the movement of the whole along the direction of the truck body are realized, and the purpose of compound stirring track fluctuation in the sweeping-flat process of a sieve rod 3 is achieved after compounding; the loosening and stripping of the silage grains are promoted, so that the silage grains are more beneficial to being strickled off, the optimal paving effect is achieved, and the loading efficiency is improved.

The system also comprises a control system, wherein the control system adopts a PLC, and the embodiment takes a PLC of Siemens series PLC-S7-200SMART ST20 model as a core.

The first guide rail 12 and the second guide rail 13 are installed in the carriage of the truck 10 so as to face each other in the longitudinal direction thereof, and both ends of the leveling mechanism are slidably connected to the first guide rail 12 and the second guide rail 13, respectively. Specifically, the first motor 5 and the second motor 6 are respectively matched with the first guide rail 12 and the second guide rail 13 through the sliding block 14, or the first motor 5 and the second motor 6 are directly connected with the first guide rail 12 and the second guide rail 13 in a sliding manner.

One end of the paving mechanism is connected with a driving mechanism, in the embodiment, the driving mechanism is installed at one end of the first guide rail 12 and comprises a third motor 9 and a lead screw 11, the third motor 9 is connected with a sliding block 14 through the lead screw 11, so that the paving mechanism can reciprocate (move forwards and backwards alternately) along the length direction of the carriage, and the paving effect is realized.

The angle-adjustable spraying guide cylinder 8 is mounted on the loading and unloading truck 10, and the angle adjustment mode can be realized by driving a motor or driving a gear mechanism or other mechanisms by the motor.

The paving mechanism of this embodiment constitutes vehicle-mounted structure, can remove along the linear direction under actuating mechanism's effect, makes the back and forth reciprocating motion of sieve pole 3 and the process that similar compound stirring orbit motion was realized to the horizontal motion of paving mechanism along the guide rail through control third motor 9 to realize deep laying of piling up fodder.

In the paving mechanism of the embodiment, the motor realizes reciprocating motion of a front and back composite stirring track through PLC control, the motor drives the screw rod 11 to rotate at a constant speed, and meanwhile, the adjustment of front and back fixed gears of the device is realized, so that the parking time and the stroke track can be controlled; the working efficiency is improved and the waste of silage is reduced. And the operation and control of the embodiment are simple, the structure is stable, and the occupied space is small.

The angle process is beaten through PLC control to this embodiment, guarantees that ensilage harvester automatic compound stirring orbit is followed angle regulation and is spouted the characteristics that draft tube 8 is stable, nimble, low noise, account for the space little. The embodiment does not adopt a pneumatic control system or a hydraulic control system, selects an electric control mode to integrally operate, and compared with hydraulic pressure and air pressure, the electric control has the advantages of high precision, energy conservation, space conservation, low noise and the like, and the pollution is less in the working process.

And the electric actuator is cheaper than hydraulic and pneumatic, and is lower in cost for later equipment replacement or maintenance. Compared with other control systems, the PLC control system has the following advantages compared with a relay control system: the PLC control system writes a set program through a computer, downloads the program into the microprocessor through the communication module, controls the execution element to realize corresponding action according to the specified requirement, and is more convenient and concise; the PLC control system has simple modification program; the response speed of the PLC control system is high; the PLC control system realizes soft triggering through an internal relay without mechanical loss, so that the PLC control system has long service life and high reliability.

Example three:

the embodiment provides a working method of a silage corn harvester, which adopts the harvester of the second embodiment and comprises the following steps:

when the silage harvester starts to work, the nozzle of the spraying guide cylinder 8 starts to spray the feed from right below, the feed starts to be accumulated at the moment, the third motor 9 starts to operate under the control of a control system (such as a PLC), the lead screw 11 is driven to rotate to realize the front-back motion of the leveling mechanism, the steering gear 7 rotates around 180 degrees at a constant speed through the second motor 6 in the front-back reciprocating motion process of the leveling mechanism, and the sieve rod 3 moves at a constant speed along the axial direction due to the matching relationship with the embedded sleeve shaft 1 and the sieve rod 3 when the external embedded sleeve shaft 2 rotates anticlockwise.

When the second motor 6 is controlled to rotate reversely, the sieve rod 3 moves back along the axis direction, so that the back and forth reciprocating motion of the sieve rod 3 in the single-angle fixed horizontal direction and the horizontal motion of the paving mechanism along the guide rail realize the process similar to the motion of a composite stirring track.

The length of the sieve rod 3 is different so as to realize the laying work process of deep stacking feed, when the feed height is increased along with the lapse of time, the first motor 5 realizes the gear shifting process of the sieve rod 3 by 90 degrees at a uniform speed, and the gear shifting process is changed to the situation that the gears are shifted so as to realize the change of the laying mechanism to the adaptive height.

As shown in fig. 4, in the process that the guide vane 32 and the rod body 31 are swung along the main shaft according to the specified swing angle, the rod body 31 moves along the matching path of the inner embedded shaft 1 and the outer embedded shaft 2 to generate an axial movement distance, the two movements are compounded into a stirring track, and the stirring track stirs and crushes the accumulation body 16 into the paving body 15.

Wherein the stirring track is set along with the change of the swing speed, the rotation speed of the main shaft and the moving speed of the guide rail, and a change area of the stirring track, namely a composite area, can be generated. When the whole paving mechanism reciprocates on the guide rail, the swinging action of the rod body 31 and the guide vane 32 paves the accumulation body 16. Because the silage corns are crushed to have certain humidity, the silage corns are very easy to adhere to form an adhesion block 17, and the adhesion block 17 is alternately turned and crushed through the matching motion of the inner embedded sleeve shaft 1 and the outer embedded sleeve shaft 2.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A silage corn harvesting and paving mechanism is characterized by comprising a main shaft, a plurality of embedded sleeve shafts are sleeved at intervals along the axial direction of the main shaft, and each embedded sleeve shaft is arranged in an outer embedded sleeve shaft; the embedded sleeve shaft is provided with a plurality of spiral wire grooves in the circumferential direction, and the external embedded sleeve shaft is correspondingly provided with reverse spiral wire grooves matched with the spiral wire grooves; the sieve rod passes through the reverse spiral groove and the spiral groove in sequence and is connected with the main shaft, and each embedded sleeve shaft is circumferentially connected with a plurality of sieve rods with different lengths.

2. The ensiled corn harvesting and paving mechanism according to claim 1, wherein one end of the externally nested shaft is connected with the steering gear, and the other end of the main shaft is connected with the motor, so that the sieve rod moves at a uniform speed along the axial direction when the steering gear rotates.

3. The mechanism of claim 1, wherein the screen rods of different lengths are arranged in sequence along the circumference of the inner sleeve shaft to form a plurality of gears.

4. The ensiled corn harvesting and spreading mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the spacing between adjacent screen bars along the axial direction of the main shaft is not less than 40cm.

5. The mechanism of claim 1, wherein the sifter bar comprises a bar body, and an end of the bar body remote from the main shaft is connected to a plurality of guide vanes.

6. A silage corn harvester, comprising a lay-down mechanism as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. The silage corn harvester according to claim 6, further comprising a loader, wherein the paving mechanism is slidably connected with the loader, and the loader is provided with an angularly adjustable jet guide cylinder.

8. The harvester of claim 7, wherein the top of the loader is provided with a guide rail extending in the length direction, the paving mechanism is connected with the guide rail through a slide block, and the slide block is connected with the driving mechanism.

9. The working method of the silage corn harvester according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that when the silage corn harvester starts to work, the nozzle of the jet-lifting guide cylinder starts to spray the feed towards the lower part, and the feed starts to be accumulated;

10. The operating method of a silage maize harvester according to claim 9, wherein when the feed level reaches a set level, the gear shifting is achieved by the motor.