CN115246919B - 一种聚氨酯灌浆材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种聚氨酯灌浆材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- ZZTCPWRAHWXWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylmethanediamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(N)(N)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZTCPWRAHWXWCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明属于灌浆材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种聚氨酯灌浆材料及其制备方法和应用。该聚氨酯灌浆材料的原料包括自催化聚醚多元醇,自催化聚醚多元醇的官能度为3‑5,羟值为50‑800mgKOH/g。与现有技术相比,在保证聚氨酯灌浆材料的性能基础上,本发明提出了一种全新思路的技术方案,该聚氨酯灌浆材料在不添加催化剂的情况下就具有较好的固化速度,克服了现有技术中因添加催化剂导致灌浆材料环保性差、毒性大的问题,以及该聚氨酯灌浆材料还可以避免因长期放置导致催化剂失效,影响灌浆材料固化速度的问题。本发明聚氨酯灌浆材料不添加催化剂,组分简单,在常温条件下放置不会出现分层,具有较好的储存稳定性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于灌浆材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种聚氨酯灌浆材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
灌浆材料指在压力作用下注入地层、岩石或构筑物的缝隙、孔洞中,达到增加承载能力、防止渗漏及提高构筑物整体性能等效果的流体材料,由主剂、溶剂及外加剂混合而成,通常所说的灌浆材料是指浆液中的主剂。灌浆材料在矿井中有非常重要的作用,在矿井作业过程中,往往会出现矿层裂缝,或出现气体/液体的渗漏,灌浆材料可以在出现上述现象时对矿体进行填充,起到支撑、堵漏等作用。
水泥砂浆是应用较为广泛的填充灌浆材料,但是在使用过程中存在一些问题,如材料笨重、密度大、使用前需要预先搅拌,难以施工等问题。高分子灌浆材料具有水泥灌浆材料所不具备的优越性质,如对环境无污染、强度高、施工简单快速高效等,在矿井等地下结构和水利工程中具有较好的应用前景。
高分子灌浆材料是由单体或低聚物与催化剂所组成的材料,主要包括丙烯酰胺、木素磺酸盐、酚醛树脂和聚氨酯等几类。丙烯酰胺单体对人体有毒;木素磺酸盐类以重铬酸盐作固化剂,六价铬离子高毒性;酚醛树脂类对干湿循环的抵抗能力较差,且其原料具有毒性和腐蚀性,导致丙烯酰胺、木素磺酸盐和酚醛树脂这几类灌浆材料逐渐被聚氨酯类灌浆材料取代。
传统的聚氨酯灌浆材料往往采用混合多元醇、阻燃剂、催化剂和添加剂等组分混合,与异氰酸酯反应,从而得到聚氨酯灌浆材料。现有技术中,要保证聚氨酯灌浆材料的成型固化速度必须要添加催化剂,但是组分的复杂性往往带来组分间各种物质有发生化学反应的风险。如长时间放置的催化剂由于水解或受到光照的影响发生降解,导致催化剂失效,进而影响聚氨酯灌浆材料在成型速度方面发生变化,降低施工效率。另一方面,聚氨酯催化剂往往是小分子胺类(以叔胺为主)和有机金属化合物(有机锡),该种催化剂具有一定的毒性,环保性较差,还会产生刺激性气味,对环境和施工人员产生负影响。进一步地,催化剂的化学结构与聚氨酯化学结构差异较大,相容性差,放置过程中易出现分层的问题。
发明内容
因此,本发明要解决的技术问题在于克服现有技术中灌浆材料的成型固化速度是通过添加催化剂进行控制的,催化剂是制备聚氨酯灌浆材料的必要成分,添加催化剂后导致聚氨酯灌浆材料的毒性大、环保性差等缺陷,从而提供一种聚氨酯灌浆材料及其制备方法和应用。
为此,本发明提供了以下技术方案。
本发明提供了一种聚氨酯灌浆材料,其原料包括自催化聚醚多元醇,
所述自催化聚醚多元醇的官能度为3-5,羟值为50-800mgKOH/g。
自催化聚醚多元醇为含有氮原子的聚醚多元醇,本发明自催化聚醚多元醇可以通过官能度和羟值得到其分子量,该分子量范围为200-2000,分子量过大导致灌浆材料强度不足,分子量过小灌浆材料易发粉发碎。
所述自催化聚醚多元醇的原料包括胺类起始剂和环氧化物;
所述自催化聚醚多元醇的粘度100-50000mPa·s,酸值<0.1mgKOH/g,含水量<0.2%。
起始剂包括但不限于三乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、乙二胺、甲苯二胺、二氨基二苯甲烷、尿素或Mannich碱中的至少一种。
环氧化物为环氧乙烷和/或环氧丙烷。
本发明中的自催化聚醚多元醇可以是一种具有自催化性质的聚醚多元醇,也可以是多种具有自催化性质的聚醚多元醇的混合物。具体地,本发明中自催化剂聚醚多元醇可以是但不限于佳化化学生产的D304、亚东化学生产的YD-401、南京红宝丽生产的H4206X、南京红宝丽生产的H4102X、句容宁武新材料生产的NJ-410H中的至少一种。
所述聚氨酯灌浆材料的原料还包括非自催化聚醚多元醇和/或聚酯多元醇。
进一步地,以重量份数计,所述聚氨酯灌浆材料包括如下原料:
其中,所述多元醇混合物包括非自催化聚醚多元醇和/或聚酯多元醇与自催化聚醚多元醇。
进一步地,多元醇混合物的质量与自催化聚醚多元醇的质量的比例为(0-70):(30-100)。
所述非自催化聚醚多元醇的官能度为3-5,粘度800-10000mPa·s,羟值30-550mgKOH/g,酸值<0.1mgKOH/g,含水量<0.2%;
所述聚酯多元醇的官能度为2,粘度2000-5000mPa·s,羟值300-450mgKOH/g,酸值<0.1mgKOH/g,含水量<0.2%。
灌浆材料中的多元醇可以是非自催化聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇中的一种,也可以是两者的混合物,当时多元醇同时包括非自催化聚醚多元醇和聚酯多元醇时,非自催化聚醚多元醇与聚酯多元醇可以是任意比例,对这两种物质的质量比不做具体限定,例如,非自催化聚醚多元醇与聚酯多元醇的质量比可以为是1:2、1:3、1:5、1:10、1:20等;
其中,非自催化聚醚多元醇可以是一种不具有自催化性能的聚醚多元醇,也可以是多种不具有自催化性能的聚醚多元醇的混合物;聚酯多元醇可以是一种具体聚酯多元醇,也可以是多种不同型号的聚酯多元醇的混合物;更具体地,本发明中的非自催化聚醚多元醇可以是但不限于佳化化学生产的4110A、高桥石化生产的GR-635B等中的任意一种或多种;聚酯多元醇可以是但不限于斯泰潘公司生产的PS-3152。
所述异氰酸酯可以是但不限于多苯基多亚基多异氰酸酯。
交联剂包括但不限于钟山化工N-403、甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、三乙醇胺中的至少一种。
阻燃剂为三(2-氯乙基)磷酸酯、三(2-氯丙基)磷酸酯、磷酸三乙酯、二甲基丙基磷酸酯、四溴苯酐二醇和氯化石蜡中的至少一种。
本发明还提供了一种上述聚氨酯灌浆材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
各原料混合,经固化反应后熟化,得到聚氨酯灌浆材料。
所述熟化是在室温下放置12-48h。
具体地,本发明提供的聚氨酯灌浆材料的制备方法包括,先将除异氰酸酯外的原料混合,形成混合组分A,再加入异氰酸酯后,混合均匀,得到混合组分B,混合组分B倒入模具中,经固化、熟化后得到聚氨酯灌浆材料。
此外,本发明提供了上述聚氨酯灌浆材料或上述方法制得的聚氨酯灌浆材料在矿体填充支撑防水领域中的应用。
本发明提供的聚氨酯灌浆材料还可以在矿井中起到加固的作用。
本发明技术方案,具有如下优点:
1.本发明提供的聚氨酯灌浆材料,其原料包括自催化聚醚多元醇,自催化聚醚多元醇的官能度为3-5,羟值为50-800mgKOH/g。本发明创造性地提供了一种不添加催化剂的聚氨酯灌浆材料,与现有技术相比,在保证聚氨酯灌浆材料的性能基础上,本发明提出了一种全新思路的技术方案,该聚氨酯灌浆材料在不添加催化剂的情况下就具有较好的固化速度,克服了现有技术中因添加催化剂导致灌浆材料环保性差、毒性大的问题,以及该聚氨酯灌浆材料还可以避免因长期放置导致催化剂失效,影响灌浆材料固化速度的问题。同时本发明聚氨酯灌浆材料不添加催化剂,组分简单,在常温条件下放置不会出现分层,具有较好的储存稳定性。
本发明以自催化聚醚多元醇作为聚氨酯灌浆材料的原料,自催化聚醚多元醇含有氮原子,氮原子具有孤对电子,在聚氨酯反应中具有催化能力,促进羟基和异氰酸酯的反应,可以使聚氨酯灌浆材料在不添加催化剂的情况下就可以发生反应,具有较好的固化速度,同时灌浆材料还具有环保性和低毒性的优点;进一步地,本发明还克服了因添加催化剂导致灌浆材料在常温下出现分层的问题,提高了施工效率,易实现规模化应用,该灌浆材料还具有较高强度等优良的物理性能。本发明提供的聚氨酯灌浆材料在矿井中可以起到加固的作用。
2.本发明提供的聚氨酯灌浆材料,通过自催化聚醚多元醇、非自催化聚醚多元醇和/或聚酯多元醇配合作用,得到的灌浆材料的具有储存稳定性好,固化速度快、强度高等优点。
3.本发明提供的聚氨酯灌浆材料,通过控制原料的重量份数,可以得到不同固化速度、压缩强度和氧指数的灌浆材料,满足不同使用条件下的性能要求。
具体实施方式
提供下述实施例是为了更好地进一步理解本发明,并不局限于所述最佳实施方式,不对本发明的内容和保护范围构成限制,任何人在本发明的启示下或是将本发明与其他现有技术的特征进行组合而得出的任何与本发明相同或相近似的产品,均落在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例中未注明具体实验步骤或条件者,按照本领域内的文献所描述的常规实验步骤的操作或条件即可进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市购获得的常规试剂产品。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种聚氨酯灌浆材料,包括如下原料:
100g自催化聚醚多元醇,型号为NJ-410H,厂家为句容宁武新材料,以甲苯二胺作为起始剂,官能度4,羟值390-430mgKOH/g,粘度2000-5000mPa·s(25℃),含水量0.1%,酸值0.02-0.03mgKOH/g;
20g阻燃剂,磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯;
5g交联剂,甘油;
100g异氰酸酯,万华生产的WANNATE PM-200。
上述聚氨酯灌浆材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤,
按照上述用量,先将自催化聚醚多元醇、阻燃剂和交联剂混合,以200r/min的转速搅拌60s,得到混合组分A;
将上述质量的异氰酸酯加入到混合组分A中,以4000r/min的转速搅拌8s,得到混合组分B;
将混合组分B倒入模具中,待完全固化后,在室温下熟化12h,得到聚氨酯灌浆材料。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种聚氨酯灌浆材料,包括如下原料:
30g自催化聚醚多元醇,型号为H4102X,厂家为南京红宝丽,以Mannich碱作为起始剂,官能度4.5-5,羟值390-430mgKOH/g,粘度2500-3500mPa·s(25℃),含水量0.15%,酸值0.02-0.03mgKOH/g;
70g非自催化聚醚多元醇,型号为4110A,厂家为佳化化学,以蔗糖作为起始剂,官能度4-4.5,羟值430-470mgKOH/g,粘度2900-4500mPa·s(25℃),含水量0.15%,酸值0.02-0.03mgKOH/g;
50g阻燃剂,磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯;
3g交联剂,三乙醇胺;
150g异氰酸酯,东曹MILLIONATE MR-200。
上述聚氨酯灌浆材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤,
按照上述用量,先将自催化聚醚多元醇、非自催化聚醚多元醇、阻燃剂和交联剂混合,以200r/min的转速搅拌60s,得到混合组分A;
将上述质量的异氰酸酯加入到混合组分A中,以4000r/min的转速搅拌8s,得到混合组分B;
将混合组分B倒入模具中,待完全固化后,在室温下熟化24h,得到聚氨酯灌浆材料。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种聚氨酯灌浆材料,包括如下原料:
50g自催化聚醚多元醇,型号为H4206X,厂家为南京红宝丽,以Mannich碱作为起始剂,官能度4.5-5,羟值410-440mgKOH/g,粘度3500-5500mPa·s(25℃),含水量0.15%,酸值0.02-0.03mgKOH/g;
50g聚酯多元醇,型号为PS-3152,厂家为斯泰潘公司,以蔗糖作为起始剂,官能度2,羟值305-325mgKOH/g,粘度2000-3000mPa·s(25℃),含水量0.15%,酸值0.02-0.03mgKOH/g;
50g阻燃剂,甲基膦酸二甲酯;
130g异氰酸酯,巴斯夫Lupranate M20S。
上述聚氨酯灌浆材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤,
按照上述用量,先将自催化聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇和阻燃剂混合,以200r/min的转速搅拌60s,得到混合组分A;
将上述质量的异氰酸酯加入到混合组分A中,以4000r/min的转速搅拌8s,得到混合组分B;
将混合组分B倒入模具中,待完全固化后,在室温下熟化36h,得到聚氨酯灌浆材料。
实施例4
本实施例提供了一种聚氨酯灌浆材料,包括如下原料:
30g自催化聚醚多元醇A,型号为D304,厂家为佳化化学,以三乙醇胺作为起始剂,官能度3,羟值400-500mgKOH/g,粘度300-400mPa·s(25℃),含水量0.10%,酸值0.02-0.03mgKOH/g;
40g自催化聚醚多元醇B,型号为YD-401,厂家为亚东化学,以乙二胺为起始剂,官能度4,羟值385-415mgKOH/g,粘度1300-1700mPa·s(25℃),含水量0.15%,酸值0.02-0.03mgKOH/g;
30g非自催化聚醚多元醇,型号为GR-635B,厂家为高桥石化,官能度4-5,羟值475-525mgKOH/g,粘度3000-4000mPa·s(25℃),含水量0.10%,酸值0.01mgKOH/g;
40g阻燃剂,磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯;
180g异氰酸酯,亨斯迈Suprasec-5005。
上述聚氨酯灌浆材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤,
按照上述用量,先将自催化聚醚多元醇A、自催化聚醚多元醇B、非自催化聚醚多元醇和阻燃剂混合,以200r/min的转速搅拌60s,得到混合组分A;
将上述质量的异氰酸酯加入到混合组分A中,以4000r/min的转速搅拌8s,得到混合组分B;
将混合组分B倒入模具中,待完全固化后,在室温下熟化36h,得到聚氨酯灌浆材料。
实施例5
本实施例提供了一种聚氨酯灌浆材料,包括如下原料:
70g自催化聚醚多元醇,型号为D304,厂家为佳化化学,以三乙醇胺作为起始剂,官能度3,羟值400-500mgKOH/g,粘度300-400mPa·s(25℃),含水量0.10%,酸值0.02-0.03mgKOH/g;
20g非自催化聚醚多元醇,型号为GR-635B,厂家为高桥石化,官能度4-5,羟值475-525mgKOH/g,粘度3000-4000mPa·s(25℃),含水量0.10%,酸值0.01mgKOH/g;
10g聚酯多元醇,型号为PS-3152,厂家为斯泰潘公司,以蔗糖作为起始剂,官能度2,羟值305-325mgKOH/g,粘度2000-3000mPa·s(25℃),含水量0.15%,酸值0.02-0.03mgKOH/g;
40g阻燃剂,磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯;
180g异氰酸酯,亨斯迈Suprasec-5005。
上述聚氨酯灌浆材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤,
按照上述用量,先将自催化聚醚多元醇、非自催化聚醚多元醇、聚酯多元醇和阻燃剂混合,以200r/min的转速搅拌60s,得到混合组分A;
将上述质量的异氰酸酯加入到混合组分A中,以4000r/min的转速搅拌8s,得到混合组分B;
将混合组分B倒入模具中,待完全固化后,在室温下熟化36h,得到聚氨酯灌浆材料。
对比例1
本对比例提供了一种聚氨酯灌浆材料,包括如下原料:
30g非自催化剂聚醚多元醇A,型号为8360,厂家为佳化化学,以甘油作为起始剂,官能度4.5-5,羟值340-380mgKOH/g,粘度2500-3500mPa·s(25℃),含水量0.15%,酸值0.02-0.03mgKOH/g;
70g非自催化剂聚醚多元醇B,型号为4110A,厂家为佳化化学,以蔗糖为起始剂,官能度4-4.5,羟值430-470mgKOH/g,粘度2900-4500mPa·s(25℃),含水量0.15%,酸值0.02-0.03mgKOH/g;
50g阻燃剂,磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯;
3g交联剂,三乙醇胺;
150g异氰酸酯,东曹MILLIONATE MR-200。
上述聚氨酯灌浆材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤,
按照上述用量,先将非自催化剂聚醚多元醇A、非自催化剂聚醚多元醇B、阻燃剂和交联剂混合,以200r/min的转速搅拌60s,得到混合组分A;
将上述质量的异氰酸酯加入到混合组分A中,以4000r/min的转速搅拌8s,得到混合组分B;
将混合组分B倒入模具中,待完全固化后,在室温下熟化24h,得到聚氨酯灌浆材料。
对比例2
本对比例提供了一种聚氨酯灌浆材料,包括如下原料:
30g非自催化剂聚醚多元醇A,型号为8360,厂家为佳化化学,以甘油作为起始剂,官能度4.5-5,羟值340-380mgKOH/g,粘度2500-3500mPa·s(25℃),含水量0.15%,酸值0.02-0.03mgKOH/g;
70g非自催化剂聚醚多元醇B,型号为4110A,厂家为佳化化学,以蔗糖为起始剂,官能度4-4.5,羟值430-470mgKOH/g,粘度2900-4500mPa·s(25℃),含水量0.15%,酸值0.02-0.03mgKOH/g;
50g阻燃剂,磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯;
3g交联剂,三乙醇胺;
2g催化剂,二丁基锡二月桂酸酯;
150g异氰酸酯,东曹MILLIONATE MR-200。
上述聚氨酯灌浆材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤,
按照上述用量,先将非自催化剂聚醚多元醇A、非自催化剂聚醚多元醇B、阻燃剂、交联剂和催化剂混合,以200r/min的转速搅拌60s,得到混合组分A;
将上述质量的异氰酸酯加入到混合组分A中,以4000r/min的转速搅拌8s,得到混合组分B;
将混合组分B倒入模具中,待完全固化后,在室温下熟化24h,得到聚氨酯灌浆材料。
试验例
本试验例提供了各实施例和对比例制得的聚氨酯灌浆材料的性能测试。
灌浆材料的凝胶时间和抗压强度的测试方法:参照JC/T 2041-2010;
灌浆材料的氧指数的测试方法:参照GB/T 2046-93;
灌浆材料的储存稳定性的测试方法:在固化前,将各实施例和对比例的混合组分A置于100℃下放置24h,观察是否出现浑浊或分层现象。
表1各实施例和对比例灌浆材料的性能测试结果
通过表1试验结果的记载,将自催化聚醚多元醇用于灌浆材料的制备中,在不使用催化剂的情况下可以保证氨酯灌浆材料的固化速度,且非自催化聚醚多元醇和/或聚酯多元醇与自催化聚醚多元醇配合使用,也可以保证聚氨酯灌浆材料的固化速度,降低凝胶时间;进一步地,实施例3-5说明,本发明在不使用交联剂的情况下也可以得到抗压强度较好的聚氨酯灌浆材料。
对比例1只采用非自催化聚醚多元醇作为聚氨酯灌浆材料,在不使用催化剂的情况下,灌浆材料的凝胶时间长,说明以非自催化聚醚多元醇作为原料得到的聚氨酯灌浆材料的成型固化时间长。
对比例2是在制备聚氨酯灌浆材料时加入催化剂的现有技术,不添加自催化聚醚多元醇,只采用非自催化聚醚多元醇;对比例2与实施例2相比,本发明在不使用催化剂的情况下,聚氨酯灌浆材料的凝胶时间、抗压强度可以与现有技术达到的效果,也就是说本发明采用一种全新的技术方案可以得到与现有技术效果相当的聚氨酯灌浆材料;进一步地,本发明不添加催化剂得到的聚氨酯灌浆材料还可以克服添加催化剂后毒性大、储存稳定性差的缺点,与现有技术相比,本发明提供的聚氨酯灌浆材料储存稳定性效果突出。
显然,上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例,而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引申出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。
Claims (5)
1.一种聚氨酯灌浆材料,其特征在于,以重量份数计,所述聚氨酯灌浆材料包括如下原料:
100份多元醇混合物;
0-5份交联剂;
20-50份阻燃剂;
100-180份异氰酸酯;
其中,所述多元醇混合物包括聚酯多元醇与两种自催化聚醚多元醇,任选聚酯多元醇;
所述自催化聚醚多元醇的官能度为3-5,羟值为50-800mgKOH/g;
所述自催化聚醚多元醇的粘度100-50000mPa·s,酸值<0.1mgKOH/g,含水量<0.2%;其中,一种自催化聚醚多元醇的原料为三乙醇胺和环氧化物,另一种自催化聚醚多元醇的原料为乙二胺和环氧化物;其中,三乙醇胺和乙二胺作为起始剂使用,环氧化物为环氧丙烷和/或环氧乙烷;
所述聚酯多元醇的官能度为2,粘度2000-5000mPa·s,羟值300-450mgKOH/g,酸值<0.1mgKOH/g,含水量<0.2%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯灌浆材料,其特征在于,所述异氰酸酯为多苯基多亚基多异氰酸酯。
3.一种权利要求1或2所述聚氨酯灌浆材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
各原料混合,经固化反应后熟化,得到聚氨酯灌浆材料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述熟化是在室温下放置12-48h。
5.权利要求1-2任一项所述的聚氨酯灌浆材料或权利要求3-4任一项所述方法制得的聚氨酯灌浆材料在矿体填充支撑防水领域中的应用。
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