CN115212224A - 酵母β葡聚糖在制备抗流感病毒产品中的应用 - Google Patents
酵母β葡聚糖在制备抗流感病毒产品中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115212224A CN115212224A CN202210669413.3A CN202210669413A CN115212224A CN 115212224 A CN115212224 A CN 115212224A CN 202210669413 A CN202210669413 A CN 202210669413A CN 115212224 A CN115212224 A CN 115212224A
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Abstract
本发明提供酵母β葡聚糖在制备抗流感病毒产品中的应用。具体的,本发明提供酵母β葡聚糖在制备抗流感病毒A/Puerto Rico/8/34(PR8)或预防和/或治疗肺出血或水肿的产品中的应用。试验证明,酵母β葡聚糖具有显著抗流感病毒A/Puerto Rico/8/34(PR8)效果,能够较好的保护肺组织,能够降低肺组织感染病毒的几率,能够有效降低肺组织病变。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及酵母β葡聚糖在制备抗流感病毒A/Puerto Rico/8/34(PR8)或预防和/或治疗肺出血或水肿的产品中的应用。
背景技术
流感从出现至今一直是全世界所关注的重点。它能引起多种并发症(如肺炎),多以呼吸道传染为主,是一种传染性强、传播迅速、范围广的疾病。它主要通过飞沫传播,然后是受感染者和易感个体之间的接触或接触受污染的物品,一旦感染,感染者会出现高烧不退、疲乏等症状。
流感病毒(Influenza virus)是正黏病毒科家族的一员,它的RNA基因组是负股,呈单条链状并且分为多个节段,易发生抗原转换和抗原漂变,其结构通常为球形,由病毒核酸、核衣壳和包膜组成其囊膜结构。流感病毒包膜含两种类型刺突:血凝素(HA)和神经氨酸酶(NA),目前甲型流感病毒已有的18种HA 亚型和11个NA亚型,都是依据包膜上两者抗原性的不同来划分的,禽类是多数流感亚型病毒的宿主,其中感染人类的流感病毒不多,如H1N1、H2N2等。
甲型流感病毒由于易发生抗原转换和抗原漂变,目前仍无可控的方法,因此时至今日造成的危害和损失是不可估量的。甲型H1N1 流感,是一种新的、多源重组的病毒株,主要整合了古典猪流感、欧亚猪流感、禽流感和季节性H3N2人流感病毒等,人群普遍缺乏免疫能力,特别是在高危人群(如小于5岁的儿童;大于65岁的老人等)中危害性最大。它取代了人流感病毒而占主导地位,这与其病毒抗原性的变化密不可分。未来可能会出现新的甲型流感病株,因此,加强流感流行状况和病原基因特征的监测尤为重要。
酵母葡聚糖(Yeast glucan),是从废啤酒酵母细胞壁中提取,由单分子葡萄糖缩聚形成并以β-1,3-D糖苷键(占85%左右)为主链,β-1,6-D糖苷键为侧链的β型多糖,分子量为800-1000KD,是细胞壁的主要成分,对细胞能起到维持形态的作用。它是一种多功能性的生物多糖,能够增强哺乳动物的免疫力,同时,它具有抑制肿瘤细胞生长、抗细菌感染、降血脂等功能,是一种很好的免疫调节剂,多应用于医药、食品、畜牧业等行业,近年来备受人们的关注。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题,本发明提供酵母β葡聚糖在制备抗流感病毒 A/Puerto Rico/8/34(PR8)或预防和/或治疗肺出血或水肿的产品中的应用。
第一方面,本发明提供酵母β葡聚糖在制备抗流感病毒A/Puerto Rico/8/34(PR8)或预防和/或治疗肺出血或水肿的产品中的应用。
优选地,所述产品为药物、食品、保健品或饲料中的一种或两种以上的组合。
第二方面,本发明提供一种抗流感病毒A/Puerto Rico/8/34(PR8)或预防和/ 或治疗肺出血或水肿的产品,所述产品中含有酵母β葡聚糖。
优选地,所述产品为药物、食品、保健品或饲料中的一种或两种以上的组合。
优选地,以质量百分比计,所述产品中含有酵母β葡聚糖1-50%。
优选地,所述产品为保健品,为含有酵母β葡聚糖和维生素的保健品,其中,所述酵母β葡聚糖重量含量为1-50wt%。
优选地,所述产品为饲料,为含有酵母β葡聚糖和饲料基础成分的保健品,其中,所述酵母β葡聚糖重量含量为1-50wt%。
优选地,所述产品为食品,该食品为含有酵母β葡聚糖、低聚半乳糖、羧甲基纤维素钠以及果汁浓缩液的口服液,其中,所述酵母β葡聚糖重量含量为 0.5-5wt%,低聚半乳糖和羧甲基纤维素重量比为(2-5):1。
优选地,所述产品为药物,该药物为含有酵母β葡聚糖和板蓝根提取物的酵母β-葡聚糖板蓝根颗粒,其中所述酵母β葡聚糖重量含量为5-20wt%。
优选地,所述产品还含有辅助剂;
优选地,所述辅助剂为风味剂、甜味剂和色素中的一种或两种以上的组合。
第三方面,本发明提供一种抗流感病毒A/Puerto Rico/8/34(PR8)或预防和/ 或治疗肺出血或水肿的药物,所述药物中含有酵母β葡聚糖。
优选地,所述药物为片剂、颗粒剂、口服剂和胶囊剂中的一种或两种以上的组合。
第四方面,本发明提供一种抗流感病毒A/Puerto Rico/8/34(PR8)或预防和/ 或治疗肺出血或水肿的食品,所述食品中含有酵母β葡聚糖。
优选地,所述食品为固体食品或液体食品。
本发明提供酵母β葡聚糖在制备抗流感病毒A/Puerto Rico/8/34(PR8)产品中的应用,同时本发明还提供酵母β葡聚糖在制备预防和/或治疗肺出血或水肿的产品中的应用。试验证明,酵母β葡聚糖具有显著抗流感病毒A/Puerto Rico/8/34(PR8)效果,能够较好的保护肺组织,能够降低肺组织感染病毒的几率,能够有效降低肺组织病变。酵母β葡聚糖以口服方式应用于动物抗流感,安全性高,无不良反应,能有效减缓动物体重下降趋势并提高动物存活率,增强动物抗流感病毒的能力。
附图说明
图1所示为流感病毒TCID50测定的HA试验结果;
图2所示为流感病毒EID50测定的HA试验结果;
图3所示为小鼠攻毒给药后的体重变化情况(n=8);
图4所示为小鼠攻毒给药后的存活率(n=8);
图5所示为7d和15d小鼠解剖肺组织照片;
图6所示为小鼠肺组织病理变化情况(20x)。
具体实施方式
本发明提供酵母β葡聚糖在制备抗流感病毒A/Puerto Rico/8/34(PR8)产品中的应用,同时本发明还提供酵母β葡聚糖在制备预防和/或治疗肺出血或水肿的产品中的应用。
本发明将酵母β葡聚糖以口服方式应用于感染了甲型H1N1流感PR8的动物,旨在通过酵母β葡聚糖的抗流感病毒作用,来较好的控制流感的发生和传播。
本发明实施例中所用试剂及仪器来源信息如下表1所示。
表1
试剂和仪器 | 型号 | 厂家 |
接骨木莓浓缩汁 | 5%花青素 | 法国戴安娜天然食品原料 |
低聚半乳糖 | 纯度≥80% | 云浮市新金山生物科技股份有限公司 |
羧甲基纤维素钠 | SH-SJJ-2000 | 安徽山河药用辅料股份有限公司 |
板蓝根提取物 | 10:1 | 上禾生物科技 |
糖粉 | 蔗糖含量≥98% | 安琪赤峰 |
棉粕 | 粗蛋白≥40% | 山东鸣威化工有限公司 |
豆粕 | 高温豆粕 | 益海嘉里 |
维生素C | 纯度≥99.9% | 华北制药 |
实施例1一种抗甲型H1N1流感病毒的食品
将1kg酵母β-葡聚糖和5kg接骨木莓浓缩汁溶于88kg水中,再加入5kg低聚半乳糖和1kg羧甲基纤维素钠,加热使充分溶解,灭菌后分装成20ml/袋的口服液。
实施例2一种抗甲型H1N1流感病毒的药物
将10质量份的酵母β-葡聚糖和30质量份的板蓝根提取物、60质量份的糖粉混合均匀,在一步制粒机中用纯水作为粘合剂造粒。制粒时间约5min,干燥温度为70-75℃,干燥15min左右,颗粒水分降至5%以下,即得到酵母β-葡聚糖板蓝根颗粒500g。
实施例3一种抗甲型H1N1流感病毒的饲料
将34质量粉的玉米秸秆、30质量份的棉粕和35质量份的豆粕分别置于搅碎机中搅碎成粉末。将棉粕粉和豆粕粉加热炒熟。将上述玉米秸秆粉和棉粕粉、豆粕粉以及1质量份的酵母β-葡聚糖置于搅拌机中拌匀,再压实造粒,得到饲料1kg。
实施例4一种抗甲型H1N1流感病毒的保健品
将50质量份的酵母β-葡聚糖和50质量份的维生素C粉混合均匀得到1kg 混合物,填充至胶囊中,每粒0.5g。
实施例5酵母β葡聚糖在小鼠体内的抗甲型H1N1流感病毒活性分析
本试验研究了酵母β葡聚糖以口服方式在小鼠体内的抗甲型H1N1流感病毒的活性。
1.材料与方法
1.1材料
犬肾传代细胞(MDCK)由湖北省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所提供。
酵母β葡聚糖来源:购自湖北省安琪酵母股份有限公司。
达菲磷酸奥司他韦购自瑞士巴塞尔豪夫迈·罗氏有限公司(达菲:上海罗氏制药有限公司,产品批号:M1075,分装批号:SH0097)
SPF鸡胚:购自北京勃林格殷格翰维通生物技术有限公司。
A/Puerto Rico/8/34(PR8)病毒株来源:流感病毒A/Puerto Rico/8/34(PR8)由湖北省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所提供。
实验动物雌性、体重为15g左右的BALB/C小鼠购自湖北省疾病预防控制中心。
1.2方法
(1)病毒流感的扩增
流感病毒A/Puerto Rico/8/34(PR8)的扩增,将病毒按照103倍、104倍、105倍,且将稀释103倍、104倍、105倍的病毒液0.22μm过滤膜无菌操作过滤后,接种于9日龄SPF鸡胚,每个稀释倍数接种5枚胚,每枚鸡胚接种0.2mL病毒液,接种完毕后将鸡胚置于37℃培养箱孵化48h-60h,每隔12h照一次鸡胚,观察鸡胚感染情况,若发现有死亡的鸡胚,应及时将其取出放入-20℃冰箱冷藏30 min或4℃冰箱冷藏6h以上,最后收集鸡胚尿囊液并利用血凝实验测定病毒血凝效价,将同一稀释度的尿囊液混匀后分装于2mL的EP管,置-80℃保存备用。(2)流感病毒TCID50的测定
将尿囊液在含1μg/ml TPCK胰酶的DMEM培养基中进行10倍倍比稀释,稀释为10-1、10-2、10-3、10-4、10-5、10-6、10-7、10-8、10-9、10-10、10-11等11个稀释度,将稀释好的尿囊液接种到已铺好MDCK细胞的96孔板上,10-2-10-11的稀释度做3组平行,10-1稀释度做2个平行,每个平行做3个孔,每个孔接种 100μL尿囊液。感染72h后取每孔上清液并通过HA试验检测病毒感染细胞情况,根据Reed-Muench公式计算PR8毒株的TCID50。
计算公式如下:
TCID50=10X+Y/200μL(公式)
X为病毒稀释度的对数,其阳性率仅大于50%,
Y=(阳性率刚好大于50%的百分数-50%)/(阳性率刚好高于50%的百分数 -阳性率刚好低于50%的百分数)。
(2)流感病毒EID50的测定
将-80℃冻存的尿囊液取出置于37℃水浴锅中融化后,用无菌的0.9%生理盐水做10倍系列稀释,从10-1稀释到10-14,从稀释度为10-5开始接种鸡胚,每个稀释度接种3枚胚,每枚SPF鸡胚接种200μL病毒液,共接30枚胚,接种完毕后将鸡胚置于37℃培养箱孵化48h-60h,每隔12h照一次胚,将死胚及时取出放入-20℃冰箱30min或4℃冰箱过夜,最后收集鸡胚尿囊液并通过HA试验检测病毒感染鸡胚的情况,根据Reed-Muench公式计算PR8毒株的EID50。
(4)流感病毒对小鼠的致病性
将鸡胚尿囊液即PR8病毒液原液用无菌的生理盐水以10倍梯度稀释,设置 10-3、10-4、10-5、10-6和10-7实验组,共5个稀释度。将25只Balb/C小鼠随机分为5组,每组5只,乙醚轻度麻醉后,将稀释好的尿囊液以滴鼻方式接种于小鼠鼻腔,50μL/只,接种后给与各组小鼠同等的饲养条件,每天观察小鼠生存状态,记录7d内各组小鼠发病状况并统计小鼠死亡数量。根据Reed-Muench法计算流感病毒的半数致死量(LD50)。
为探究酵母β葡聚糖对甲型流感病毒的体内保护作用,取Balb/C小鼠,随机分为6组,分别为正常对照组、模型组、奥司他韦组、酵母β葡聚糖高、中、低剂量组,每组8只。酵母β葡聚糖组的G90-L、G90-M、G90-H给药剂量分别为 40mg/kg、80mg/kg和160mg/kg,预防给药每日一次,连续7天。随后除正常对照组外,其他组小鼠采用乙醚麻醉后,以滴鼻方式接种10LD50流感病毒A/PR/8/34 (H1N1)50μL/只,2h后用G90口服治疗至最后一天。流感滴鼻感染后2h奥司他韦组依照40mg/kg的剂量每天一次,连续5天。每天观察小鼠临床状态、体重和存活率变化,持续15天。
酵母葡聚糖治疗攻毒小鼠肺组织的取样及病理切片的制备,取与“1.2.5”项相同条件下,小鼠攻毒2h后通过灌胃给予各个剂量的药物,每组小鼠随机选取3 只,在攻毒给药后的第7、15d无菌取小鼠的肺组织,制备病理切片。
2.结果与分析
扩增的流感病毒血凝效价的测定结果见表2。
表2扩增的流感病毒血凝效价的测定结果
流感病毒TCID50的HA测定结果如图1。根据Reed-Muench公式计算PR8 毒株的TCID50为106.4/ml。
流感病毒EID50的HA测定结果如图2。根据Reed-Muench公式计算PR8 毒株的EID50为106.9/ml。
流感病毒对小鼠的致病性,为了检测甲型H1N1流感PR8毒株对小鼠的致病力,选用BALB/c雌性小鼠为模型,用不同稀释度的病毒滴鼻感染小鼠后观察小鼠的生存状态和发病症状。模型组小鼠刚开始会出现被毛粗糙、耸立、无光泽,食欲下降,体重减少等症状;后期则体现出喜欢抱团,被毛逆立,身体发颤,活动能力弱,后背弓起等发病症状。小鼠存活情况(表3),结果表明,病毒原液稀释度为103-106组都能引起攻毒小鼠死亡,实验7天内,稀释度为103-104组小鼠全部死亡,而稀释度为105组小鼠存活85.71%,稀释度为106组小鼠存活率为 33.33%。通过Reed-Muench法计算流感病毒的半数致死量(LD50)为106.98/mL。根据观察过程中小鼠发病的临床状态、死亡率等因素,确定流感病毒在小鼠体内的接种剂量为10LD50作为后续小鼠实验的攻毒剂量。
表3流感病毒LD50测定结果
酵母β葡聚糖在小鼠体内抗流感病毒的试验,为了探究药物在经流感病毒感染小鼠体内的抗病毒效果,稀释好的酵母葡聚糖溶液攻毒前7d,每天预防给药。以稀释度为10LD50的病毒液滴鼻感染小鼠,感染2h后通过灌胃途径给予稀释好的奥司他韦溶液、酵母葡聚糖溶液,从滴鼻造模后连续观察14d,观察小鼠发病情况并记录小鼠体重变化(图3)及小鼠死亡情况(图4),结果表明,模型组小鼠体质量变化显著,最终引起小鼠近30%的体重下降,而奥司他韦组与酵母β葡聚糖组能减缓小鼠体重的下降,且两组小鼠体重在第9天降至最低值,之后体重缓慢回升,在实验第14天时,奥司他韦组已达到90%以上,基本达到初始体重,酵母β葡聚糖组小鼠体重虽未达到初始体重,但体重增长趋势与奥司他韦组一致;模型组小鼠在第9天开始出现死亡情况,直至第15天时仅有 12.5%的存活率;奥司他韦组小鼠存活率为100%,而酵母β葡聚糖组有100%的小鼠存活。与奥司他韦组比较,小鼠体重变化情况与小鼠存活情况均表明酵母β葡聚糖在小鼠体内具有抗病毒效果。
小鼠肺组织的取样及病理切片的制备,在对小鼠进行无菌取肺的过程发现, 正常组小鼠肺组织为粉红色,而模型组小鼠的肺组织为暗红色,水肿情况明显, 病变程度较为严重;奥司他韦组与酵母葡聚糖组小鼠肺组织有部分发生了病变, 症状较模型组轻。小鼠肺组织经脱水,包埋,制片,HE染色后,在光学显微镜 下观察并拍照,其肺组织病理切片结果如图5所示,正常组肺泡结构正常,无出 血及淋巴细胞浸润情况;如图6模型组肺组织结构紊乱,肺泡及肺泡壁结构不清 晰,可见大量粒细胞、淋巴细胞浸润;支气管上皮细胞与基底膜分离;血管损伤, 平滑肌细胞胞核固缩深染,较多血管淤血,并可见出血,支气管与肺泡腔内均可 见红细胞;局部血管周围可见较多淋巴细胞浸润,而奥司他韦组和酵母葡聚糖组 相比于其来说,小鼠肺组织肺泡壁结构损伤和出血情况较轻,粒细胞、淋巴细胞 浸润现象不明显,两组小鼠肺组织都得到了有效地保护。图6中1号箭头所示为 肺泡结构消失,并伴有多量的炎性细胞浸润;2号箭头所示为肺泡腔内炎性细胞 浸润;3号箭头所示为坏死细胞碎片;4号箭头所示为淋巴细胞浸润,15d Model组 为第13天濒死状态取肺组织样品。
本试验首先对流感病毒PR8毒株进行了增殖,测定其血凝效价为29,接着进行PR8毒株TCID50与EID50的测定,测定结果为:106.4TCID50/ml;106.9 EID50/ml,两者结果相近。
小鼠病理模型建立后,进行了流感病毒对小鼠的致病性研究,最终选取了 10LD50作为后续小鼠实验的攻毒剂量;在小鼠攻毒给药实验中,模型组小鼠出现毛发黯淡无光,逆立炸毛,抱团聚集,身体发颤等症状,说明小鼠模型构建成功。实验结果表明,酵母葡聚糖组能减缓小鼠的体重下降趋势,且能大大提高小鼠的存活率,表明其在小鼠体内具有较好的抗病毒效果;在对小鼠肺组织的研究中发现,酵母葡聚糖有较好的保护肺组织的作用,能降低肺组织感染病毒的几率,肺组织病理切片结果证明了这个结论。
本试验通过建立小鼠病理模型开展动物实验进行检测及验证,认为酵母β葡聚糖具有较好的抗流感病毒活性,与目前的抗流感主流药物奥司他韦具有相似的药物效果,这表明酵母葡聚糖可能作为一种潜在的预防和治疗流感的药物,这一发现具有重要的现实意义。
Claims (14)
1.酵母β葡聚糖在制备抗流感病毒A/Puerto Rico/8/34(PR8)或预防和/或治疗肺出血或水肿的产品中的应用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述产品为药物、食品、保健品或饲料中的一种或两种以上的组合。
3.一种抗流感病毒A/Puerto Rico/8/34(PR8)或预防和/或治疗肺出血或水肿的产品,其特征在于,所述产品中含有酵母β葡聚糖。
4.根据权利要求3所述的产品,其特征在于,所述产品为药物、食品、保健品或饲料中的一种或两种以上的组合。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的产品,其特征在于,以质量百分比计,所述产品中含有酵母β葡聚糖1-50%。
6.根据权利要求5所述的产品,其特征在于,所述产品为保健品,为含有酵母β葡聚糖和维生素的保健品,其中,所述酵母β葡聚糖重量含量为1-50wt%。
7.根据权利要求5所述的产品,其特征在于,所述产品为饲料,为含有酵母β葡聚糖和饲料基础成分的保健品,其中,所述酵母β葡聚糖重量含量为1-50wt%。
8.根据权利要求5所述的产品,其特征在于,所述产品为食品,该食品为含有酵母β葡聚糖、低聚半乳糖、羧甲基纤维素钠以及果汁浓缩液的口服液,其中,所述酵母β葡聚糖重量含量为0.5-5wt%,低聚半乳糖和羧甲基纤维素重量比为(2-5):1。
9.根据权利要求5所述的产品,其特征在于,所述产品为药物,该药物为含有酵母β葡聚糖和板蓝根提取物的酵母β-葡聚糖板蓝根颗粒,其中所述酵母β葡聚糖重量含量为5-20wt%。
10.根据权利要求3-9任一项所述的产品,其特征在于,所述产品还含有辅助剂;
优选地,所述辅助剂为风味剂、甜味剂和色素中的一种或两种以上的组合。
11.一种抗流感病毒A/Puerto Rico/8/34(PR8)或预防和/或治疗肺出血或水肿的药物,其特征在于,所述药物中含有酵母β葡聚糖。
12.根据权利要求11所述的药物,其特征在于,所述药物为片剂、颗粒剂、口服剂和胶囊剂中的一种或两种以上的组合。
13.一种抗流感病毒A/Puerto Rico/8/34(PR8)或预防和/或治疗肺出血或水肿的食品,其特征在于,所述食品中含有酵母β葡聚糖。
14.根据权利要求13所述的食品,其特征在于,所述食品为固体食品或液体食品。
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