CN115198531B - 一种光热织物材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种光热织物材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115198531B CN115198531B CN202210896245.1A CN202210896245A CN115198531B CN 115198531 B CN115198531 B CN 115198531B CN 202210896245 A CN202210896245 A CN 202210896245A CN 115198531 B CN115198531 B CN 115198531B
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 46
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- ZSKGQVFRTSEPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CN1 ZSKGQVFRTSEPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- -1 pyrrole derivative compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- QLBQKOZGEQIYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(1h-pyrrol-2-yl)acetaldehyde Chemical compound O=CCC1=CC=CN1 QLBQKOZGEQIYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetamide Chemical compound CC(N)=O DLFVBJFMPXGRIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009832 plasma treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 6
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 abstract description 7
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 7
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 48
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 26
- STZCRXQWRGQSJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;4-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl]benzenesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1N=NC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 STZCRXQWRGQSJD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 22
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 description 21
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000002207 thermal evaporation Methods 0.000 description 11
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-pyrrole Natural products C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- IGJQUJNPMOYEJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-acetylpyrrole Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CN1 IGJQUJNPMOYEJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- WRHZVMBBRYBTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN1 WRHZVMBBRYBTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 6
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- NZFLWVDXYUGFAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2-acetylpyrrole Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CN1C NZFLWVDXYUGFAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920004933 Terylene® Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002978 Vinylon Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 4
- DOYOPBSXEIZLRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=1C=CNC=1 DOYOPBSXEIZLRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010028 chemical finishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- YIVHOQIKHMTVRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-1h-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound CC=1C=CNC=1C(O)=O YIVHOQIKHMTVRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002972 Acrylic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylaldehyde Natural products C=CC=O HGINCPLSRVDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000168 pyrrolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- HQADRFRTIALOCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Acetyl-1-ethylpyrrole Chemical compound CCN1C=CC=C1C(C)=O HQADRFRTIALOCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920006052 Chinlon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001157 Fourier transform infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002334 Spandex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OFYJUQNXYAHUOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N [ClH]1(C=CC=C1)=O Chemical compound [ClH]1(C=CC=C1)=O OFYJUQNXYAHUOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000987 absorbed dose Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000006359 acetalization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000547 conjugated polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- WVSAWXIWWNJTAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4-formyl-1h-pyrrole-2-carboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC(C=O)=CN1 WVSAWXIWWNJTAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- VONGYFFEWFJHNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 1h-pyrrole-2-carboxylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CN1 VONGYFFEWFJHNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002972 pentoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DSNSKSWTLGZGAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl(1h-pyrrol-3-yl)methanone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C=1C=CNC=1 DSNSKSWTLGZGAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005289 physical deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004759 spandex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- BUUPQKDIAURBJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfinic acid Chemical compound OS=O BUUPQKDIAURBJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DIORMHZUUKOISG-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfoformic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)S(O)(=O)=O DIORMHZUUKOISG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
- D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D06M15/37—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
- D06M11/32—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
- D06M11/38—Oxides or hydroxides of elements of Groups 1 or 11 of the Periodic Table
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- D06M11/58—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with nitrogen or compounds thereof, e.g. with nitrides
- D06M11/59—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with nitrogen or compounds thereof, e.g. with nitrides with ammonia; with complexes of organic amines with inorganic substances
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种光热织物材料及其制备方法和应用,该方法包括以下步骤:将织物用碱液和/或辐照处理,并织物表面添加活性反应基团,即得活化织物;将带有羰基共轭杂环结构的吡咯衍生物溶于溶剂后,调节pH呈酸性,水浴、冲洗和干燥后得到光热织物。与现有技术相比,本发明提供了一种操作简便、制备速度快、效率高、适用范围广和适宜批量化生产等优点,同时,该光热织物材料的光热性能优异且稳定、力学强度大和柔韧性好,可用于设计和构建多种特殊结构的光热器件,具有较高的工业应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及光热转换材料和功能纺织品制备技术领域,具体涉及一种光热织物材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
太阳能是一种可再生能源,也是现今世界上能够开发的最丰富、最持久、最清洁和最易得的能源,可谓取之不尽,用之不竭。太阳能利用主要包括太阳能发电、光热转换和光化学利用等方式。其中,光热转换技术是将太阳辐射能收集起来,通过与物质的相互作用转换成热能而加以利用。因其光热转换快速、效率高、成本低等特点已成为太阳能利用领域的研究热点之一,在海水淡化、污水净化、杀菌、工业零排放等领域得到了广泛的应用。
光热材料作为太阳能向热能转换的媒介,能够有效提高太阳能的利用率,解决自然条件下光吸收能力差、转化效率低等问题。目前,主要的光热材料有碳基材料、等离子体材料、半导体材料和有机共轭聚合物等。这些材料往往尺寸较小,难以加工,直接分散于水体中存在效率低、不易回收等问题。
为解决这一问题,将上述光热材料与织物材料复合开发的光热织物具有优异的力学强度和柔韧性,可用于制备和组装各种特殊结构的高效光热转换器件而受到多方面的关注。然而,目前光热织物多采用涂布、共混、原位物理沉积等方法制备而成,其光热组分与织物之间的结合力有限,容易脱落流失而引起光热性能下降,不利于其大规模应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了克服上述现有技术存在的光热材料与织物结合不够牢固导致脱落流失及性能劣化而提供一种光热性能优异且稳定、力学强度大和柔韧性好,可用于设计和构建多种特殊结构的光热器件的光热织物材料及其制备方法。同时发明人认为,一种制备过程简单可控,能够大规模制备高转化效率、性能稳定的光热织物的方法对推动太阳能光热转换技术的产业应用具有重要意义。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种通过化学整理修饰织物纤维,将光热组分以共价键连接于织物分子链上而制得性能稳定、光热效率高的光热织物的简便可控的方法,并应用于光热界面蒸发脱盐净水过程。该方法具有操作简便、制备速度快、效率高、适用范围广、适宜批量化生产等优点,同时,该光热织物材料的光热性能优异且稳定、力学强度大和柔韧性好,可用于设计和构建多种特殊结构的光热器件,具有较高的工业应用价值。
本发明的构思如下:本发明利用吡咯-羰基衍生物与羟基等功能基团的缩合反应,化学整理修饰织物纤维,使吡咯衍生物与纤维分子链之间形成化学键;同时吡咯衍生物继续与发生自缩聚反应,形成聚吡咯衍生物和织物的复合材料而得到光热织物。因为聚吡咯衍生物与织物之间存在牢固的化学键,能够大幅度提高光热组分的结合稳定性,防止后者脱落流失,而获得高的性能稳定性。同时,织物的孔隙率大,具有丰富的微纳梯级结构,有助于提高光热组分对太阳光的吸收性能和光热转换效率。在化学整理过程中,反应稳定低、时间短、节能,污染少。最重要的是该光热织物制备方法简单,可以实现规模化的生产,具有工业化前景,具体方案如下:
一种光热织物材料的制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
将织物经过碱液处理和/或辐照处理后,赋予织物表面活性反应基团(羟基或胺基等),得到活化织物;
将含带有羰基共轭杂环结构的吡咯化合物的整理液加入适量的酸调至酸性后,充分浸润活化织物;
充分整理后得到黑色的光热织物材料。
进一步地,所述酸为盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸等无机酸或常用的有机酸,如羧酸、磺酸、亚磺酸和羧磺酸等。更佳地,所述酸为盐酸、硫酸、硝酸的一种或几种。
进一步地,所述织物为天然纤维织物或化学纤维织物,或者二者的混纺或交织物。所述天然纤维织物为棉织物、毛织物、丝织物和麻织物中的一种或几种;所述化学纤维织物为粘胶纤维、富强纤维、涤纶、锦纶、腈纶、氯纶、维纶、氨纶和聚烯烃纤维中的一种或几种。所述织物为市售常规规格,无特别要求。
进一步地,所述碱液为NaOH、纯碱、Ca(OH)2或KOH的水溶液或氨水;所述碱液的质量浓度为5-40%,碱液处理的温度为10-80℃,时间为0.1-24h。更佳地,碱液的质量浓度为10-30%,碱液处理的温度为30-60℃,时间为2-8h。
进一步地,所述辐照处理为等离子体处理、紫外处理或高能射线处理。均为相关领域常规装置,以及在空气气氛中的常规辐照处理方法。
进一步地,所述整理的温度为20-80℃,时间为0.5-24h。更佳地,所述化学整理的温度为35-60℃,时间为1-10h。
进一步地,所述带有羰基共轭杂环结构的吡咯化合物为吡咯-2-乙醛、吡咯-2-甲醛、1-甲基-2-吡咯甲醛、3,5-二甲基-2-吡咯甲醛、吡咯-3-羧酸、吡咯-2-羧酸、甲基吡咯-2-羧酸酯、2-乙酰吡咯、2-乙酰基-1-甲基吡咯、2-乙酰基-1-乙基吡咯、3-苯甲酰吡咯或4-甲酰基-吡咯-2-甲酸乙酯中的一种或多种。更佳地,所述吡咯衍生物为吡咯-2-甲醛、吡咯-2-乙醛、1-甲基-2-吡咯甲醛、2-乙酰吡咯、2-乙酰基-1-甲基吡咯、吡咯-2-羧酸、甲基吡咯-2-羧酸酯等的一种或几种。
进一步地,所述整理液的配制过程为:将带有羰基共轭杂环结构的吡咯化合物溶于溶剂,得到的整理液;所述的溶剂为水、乙醇、甲醇、丙醇、丙酮、甲酰胺、乙酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、四氢呋喃、二甲亚砜、二氧六环或甲基吡咯烷酮的一种或多种。更佳地,所述溶剂为水、乙醇、二甲基甲酰胺、甲基吡咯烷酮等的一种或几种。
进一步地,所述整理液中带有羰基共轭杂环结构的吡咯化合物的质量浓度为0.5-20%,织物与整理液的质量百分比为1-50%。更佳地,所述吡咯衍生物的质量浓度为2%-10%,织物与整理液的质量百分比为5-30%。
一种如上所述方法制备的光热织物材料的应用,该光热织物应用于光热界面蒸发脱盐净水过程,实现资源回收。光热界面蒸发脱盐净水过程为常规平面浮台结构的光热界面蒸发模型。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
(1)本方法操作简便、制备速度快、效率高、适用范围广、适宜批量化生产。
(2)本方法制得的光热织物材料的光热性能优异且稳定、力学强度大和柔韧性好,可用于设计和构建多种特殊结构的光热器件,具有较高的工业应用价值。
附图说明
图1为光热界面蒸发过程的平面浮台结构示意图。
图2为实施例9所得试样及纯棉布的FT-IR光谱图。
图3为实施例9所得样品及纯棉布的照片。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。以下实施例将有助于本领域的技术人员进一步理解本发明,但不以任何形式限制本发明。应当指出的是,对本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进。这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
以下实施例中采用的所有溶剂、试剂均从商业来源购买。
实施例1
(1)将0.5g纯棉布浸没于质量分数为10wt%的NaOH溶液中,35℃下活化2h后,用纯水冲洗4次,50℃烘干备用。
(2)将上述活化的棉布和60ml纯水放入带塞锥形瓶中,加入0.3g的2-乙酰基吡咯搅拌1h使其充分溶解,之后滴加盐酸调节溶液pH至1,并于60℃水浴中反应6h,所得样品经乙醇和纯水分别泡洗4次,之后置于60℃的真空烘箱进行烘干。经称重法测得所得织物中聚吡咯衍生物的负载量为3.1%。
(3)将所得光热棉布置于图1所示的平面浮台上,在1个太阳光照射下,分别测试其对纯水、3.5%的食盐水和100ppm甲基橙溶液的光热蒸发效能。测得纯水的蒸发速率为1.18kg m-2h-1;食盐水的蒸发速率为1.02kg m-2h-1,脱盐率达到99.3%;甲基橙溶液的蒸发速率为1.11kg m-2h-1,染料脱除率为99.6%。
实施例2
(1)将0.5g聚乙烯无纺布先用1.5MeV电子加速器在空气中辐照处理(吸收剂量200kGy,剂量率5000kGy/h),后浸没于质量分数为20%NaOH溶液中;40℃下活化4h后,用纯水冲洗4次,50℃烘干备用。
(2)将上述活化的无纺布和60ml纯水放入带塞锥形瓶中,加入0.1g的2-乙酰基吡咯搅拌1h使其充分溶解,之后滴加盐酸调节溶液pH至1,并于60℃水浴中反应12h,所得样品经乙醇和纯水分别泡洗4次,之后置于60℃的真空烘箱进行烘干。经称重法测得所得织物中聚吡咯衍生物的负载量为4.6%。
(3)将所得光热无纺布置于图1所示的平面浮台上,在1个太阳光照射下,分别测试其对纯水、3.5%的食盐水和100ppm甲基橙溶液的光热蒸发效能。测得纯水的蒸发速率为1.26kg m-2h-1;食盐水的蒸发速率为1.18kg m-2h-1,脱盐率达到99.5%;甲基橙溶液的蒸发速率为1.21kg m-2h-1,染料脱除率为99.1%。
实施例3
(1)将0.5g维纶布浸没于质量分数为10%NaOH溶液中;40℃下活化1h后,用纯水冲洗4次,50℃烘干备用。
(2)将上述活化的维纶布和40ml纯水放入带塞锥形瓶中,加入0.1g的甲基吡咯-2-甲酸酯搅拌1h使其充分溶解,之后滴加盐酸调节溶液pH至1,并于80℃水浴中反应2h,所得样品经乙醇和纯水分别泡洗4次,之后置于60℃的真空烘箱进行烘干。经称重法测得所得织物中聚吡咯衍生物的负载量为4.2%。
(3)将所得光热维纶布置于图1所示的平面浮台上,在1个太阳光照射下,分别测试其对纯水、3.5%的食盐水和100ppm甲基橙溶液的光热蒸发效能。测得纯水的蒸发速率为1.25kg m-2h-1;食盐水的蒸发速率为1.14kg m-2h-1,脱盐率达到99.5%;甲基橙溶液的蒸发速率为1.21kg m-2h-1,染料脱除率为98.7%。
实施例4
(1)将0.5g腈纶布浸没于质量分数为10%氨水溶液中;35℃下活化4h后,用纯水冲洗4次,50℃烘干备用。
(2)将上述活化的腈纶布和60ml乙醇放入塞锥形瓶中,加入0.1g的2-乙酰基吡咯搅拌1h使其充分溶解,之后用滴加硫酸调节溶液pH至1左右,并于60℃水浴中反应6h,所得样品经乙醇和纯水分别泡洗3次以上,之后置于60℃的真空烘箱进行烘干。经称重法测得所得织物中聚吡咯衍生物的负载量为3.6%。
(3)将所得光热腈纶布置于图1所示的平面浮台上,在1个太阳光照射下,分别测试其对纯水、3.5%的食盐水和100ppm甲基橙溶液的光热蒸发效能。测得纯水的蒸发速率为1.21kg m-2h-1;食盐水的蒸发速率为1.09kg m-2h-1,脱盐率达到99.8%;甲基橙溶液的蒸发速率为1.15kg m-2h-1,染料脱除率为99.3%。
实施例5
(1)将0.5g涤纶布置于介质阻挡等离子体发生器下,空气氛围中辐照活化处理10min(15kV,2A);
(2)将上述活化的涤纶布和60ml乙醇放入带塞锥形瓶中,加入0.1g的吡咯-2-甲酸搅拌1h使其充分溶解,之后用滴加硫酸调节溶液pH至1左右,并于60℃水浴中反应12h,所得样品经乙醇和纯水分别泡洗3以上,之后置于60℃的真空烘箱进行烘干。经称重法测得所得织物中聚吡咯衍生物的负载量为2.6%。
(3)将所得光热涤纶布置于图1所示的平面浮台上,在1个太阳光照射下,分别测试其对纯水、3.5%的食盐水和100ppm甲基橙溶液的光热蒸发效能。测得纯水的蒸发速率为1.12kg m-2h-1;食盐水的蒸发速率为0.94kg m-2h-1,脱盐率达到99.1%;甲基橙溶液的蒸发速率为1.02kg m-2h-1,染料脱除率为98.8%。
实施例6
(1)将0.5g棉布浸没于质量分数为30%KOH溶液中;40℃下活化4h后,用纯水冲洗4次,50℃烘干备用。
(2)将上述活化的棉布和40ml乙醇放入带塞锥形瓶中,加入0.1g的吡咯-2-乙醛搅拌1h使其充分溶解,之后滴加硫酸调节溶液pH至1,并于80℃水浴中反应24h,所得样品经乙醇和纯水分别泡洗4次,之后置于60℃的真空烘箱进行烘干。经称重法测得所得织物中聚吡咯衍生物的负载量为9.6%。
(3)将所得光热棉布置于图1所示的平面浮台上,在1个太阳光照射下,分别测试其对纯水、3.5%的食盐水和100ppm甲基橙溶液的光热蒸发效能。测得纯水的蒸发速率为1.64kg m-2h-1;食盐水的蒸发速率为1.45kg m-2h-1,脱盐率达到99.5%;甲基橙溶液的蒸发速率为1.56kg m-2h-1,染料脱除率为98.7%。
实施例7
(1)将0.5g纯棉布浸没于质量分数为10%NaOH溶液中;40℃下活化2h后,用纯水冲洗3次以上,50℃烘干备用。
(2)将上述活化的棉布和60ml纯水于带塞锥形瓶中,加入0.1g的吡咯-2-甲醛搅拌1h使其充分溶解,之后滴加硫酸调节溶液pH至1,并于60℃水浴中反应6h,所得样品经乙醇和纯水分别泡洗4次,之后置于60℃的真空烘箱进行烘干。经称重法测得所得织物中聚吡咯衍生物的负载量为8.2%。
(3)将所得光热棉布置于图1所示的平面浮台上,在1个太阳光照射下,分别测试其对纯水、3.5%的食盐水和100ppm甲基橙溶液的光热蒸发效能。测得纯水的蒸发速率为1.54kg m-2h-1;食盐水的蒸发速率为1.39kg m-2h-1,脱盐率达到99.8%;甲基橙溶液的蒸发速率为1.49kg m-2h-1,染料脱除率为99.2%。
实施例8
(1)将0.5g纯棉布浸没于质量分数为20%NaOH溶液中;40℃下活化4h后,用纯水冲洗4次,50℃烘干备用。
(2)将上述活化的棉布和60ml纯水放于带塞锥形瓶中,加入0.2g 1-甲基-2-吡咯甲醛搅拌1h使其充分溶解,之后滴加硫酸调节溶液pH至1,并于60℃水浴中反应12h,所得样品经乙醇和纯水分别泡洗3次以上,之后置于60℃的真空烘箱进行烘干。经称重法测得所得织物中聚吡咯衍生物的负载量为11.7%。
(3)将所得光热棉布置于图1所示的平面浮台上,在1个太阳光照射下,分别测试其对纯水、3.5%的食盐水和100ppm甲基橙溶液的光热蒸发效能。测得纯水的蒸发速率为1.65kg m-2h-1;食盐水的蒸发速率为1.59kg m-2h-1,脱盐率达到99.4%;甲基橙溶液的蒸发速率为1.61kg m-2h-1,染料脱除率为98.9%。
实施例9
(1)将0.5g纯棉布浸没于质量分数为30wt%的NaOH溶液中,40℃下活化4h后,用纯水冲洗3次以上,50℃烘干备用。
(2)将上述活化的棉布和40ml纯水放入带塞锥形瓶中,加入0.2g的吡咯-2-甲醛搅拌1h使其充分溶解,之后滴加硫酸调节溶液pH至1,并于80℃水浴中反应24h,所得样品经乙醇和纯水分别泡洗3次以上,之后置于60℃的真空烘箱进行烘干。经称重法测得所得织物中聚吡咯衍生物的负载量为15.1%。
(3)将所得光热棉布置于图1所示的平面浮台上,在1个太阳光照射下,分别测试其对纯水、3.5%的食盐水和100ppm甲基橙溶液的光热蒸发效能。测得纯水的蒸发速率为1.79kg m-2h-1;食盐水的蒸发速率为1.57kg m-2h-1,脱盐率达到99.4%;甲基橙溶液的蒸发速率为1.65kg m-2h-1,染料脱除率为99.6%。
利用红外光谱仪对实施例9进行分析。其红外光谱如图2所示,对比纯棉布的红外光谱图,可以清楚地找出吡咯环的特征振动峰1552cm-1所对应的N-H拉伸及1484cm-1所对应的C-N拉伸,证明吡咯-2-甲醛与棉布纤维进行了缀合反应。如图2所示,整理后的棉布上存在明显的吡咯基特征吸收峰(1552cm-1、1484cm-1),证明聚吡咯-2-甲醛负载于棉织物上。
图3显示,实施例9中得到的光热棉布颜色明显变黑。如图3所示,经过整理后,棉布由白色变成黑色,这是因为整理液中的吡咯衍生物发生聚合生成黑色的聚吡咯衍生物,后者经缩醛化反应固定于棉纤维表面。
对比例1
(1)将0.5g纯棉布浸没于质量分数为30wt%的NaOH溶液中,40℃下活化4h后,用纯水冲洗3次以上,50℃烘干备用。
(2)将上述活化的棉布和40ml纯水放入带塞锥形瓶中,加入0.2g的吡咯搅拌1h使其充分溶解,之后滴加硫酸调节溶液pH至1,并于80℃水浴中反应24h,所得样品经乙醇和纯水分别泡洗3次以上,之后置于60℃的真空烘箱进行烘干。经称重法测得所得织物中聚吡咯的负载量为0.86%。
(3)将所得光热棉布置于图1所示的平面浮台上,在1个太阳光照射下,分别测试其对纯水、3.5%的食盐水和100ppm甲基橙溶液的光热蒸发效能。测得纯水的蒸发速率为1.12kg m-2h-1;食盐水的蒸发速率为0.87kg m-2h-1,脱盐率达到99.6%;甲基橙溶液的蒸发速率为1.05kg m-2h-1,染料脱除率为99.2%。
实施例9中带有羰基共轭杂环结构的吡咯-2-甲醛在酸性条件下可与棉织物上的羟基发生缩醛反应而固定在织物表面,并与其余的吡咯-2-甲醛进一步聚合形成聚吡咯衍生物。所得织物的化学和机械稳定性良好,且光热性能优异。而对比例1中的吡咯不带羰基共轭杂环结构,无法与活化棉布上的羟基反应缀合。吸附于棉布中的吡咯原位氧化聚合生成的聚吡咯仅有少量残留于棉布上,故而其蒸发速率大幅下降,且残留的聚吡咯逐渐流失,稳定性较差。
对比例2
(1)将0.5g纯棉布浸没于清水中,40℃下清洗4h后,50℃烘干备用。
(2)将上述棉布和40ml纯水放入带塞锥形瓶中,加入0.2g的吡咯-2-甲醛搅拌1h使其充分溶解,之后滴加硫酸调节溶液pH至1,并于80℃水浴中反应24h,所得样品经乙醇和纯水分别泡洗3次以上,之后置于60℃的真空烘箱进行烘干。经称重法测得所得织物中聚吡咯衍生物的负载量为1.05%。
(3)将所得光热棉布置于图1所示的平面浮台上,在1个太阳光照射下,分别测试其对纯水、3.5%的食盐水和100ppm甲基橙溶液的光热蒸发效能。测得纯水的蒸发速率为1.02kg m-2h-1;食盐水的蒸发速率为0.87kg m-2h-1,脱盐率达到98.3%;甲基橙溶液的蒸发速率为0.93kg m-2h-1,染料脱除率为99.4%。
天然棉纤维中除了纤维素外,还含有少量多缩戊糖、蜡质、蛋白质、脂肪、灰分等伴生物。这些伴生物的存在不利于棉纤维中的纤维素与其他化学物质发生化学反应,因此,常常需要使用碱液、双氧水等物质去除伴生物而活化棉纤维。在对比例2中,棉布未作活化处理,故而与吡咯-2-甲醛的缀合反应程度较低,进而降低了聚吡咯衍生物的负载量,最终导致所得光热织物的蒸发效率下降。
对比例3
(1)将0.5g纯棉布浸没于质量分数为30wt%的NaOH溶液中,40℃下活化4h后,用纯水冲洗3次以上,50℃烘干备用。
(2)将上述活化的棉布和40ml纯水放入带塞锥形瓶中,加入0.2g的吡咯-2-甲醛搅拌1h使其充分溶解,并于80℃水浴中反应24h,所得样品经乙醇和纯水分别泡洗3次以上,之后置于60℃的真空烘箱进行烘干。经称重法测得所得织物中聚吡咯衍生物的负载量为0.46%。
(3)将所得光热棉布置于图1所示的平面浮台上,在1个太阳光照射下,分别测试其对纯水、3.5%的食盐水和100ppm甲基橙溶液的光热蒸发效能。测得纯水的蒸发速率为0.82kg m-2h-1;食盐水的蒸发速率为0.67kg m-2h-1,脱盐率达到98.3%;甲基橙溶液的蒸发速率为0.73kg m-2h-1,染料脱除率为99.6%。
由于缩醛反应须在酸性条件下进行,对比例3未调节整理液的pH至酸性,故而导致反应效率低下,所得光热织物的蒸发性能不佳。
上述的对实施例的描述是为便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和使用发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对这些实施例做出各种修改,并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此,本发明不限于上述实施例,本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示,不脱离本发明范畴所做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种光热织物材料的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法包括以下步骤:
当织物为天然纤维织物,或,天然纤维织物与化学纤维织物的混纺或交织物时,织物经过碱液处理或辐照后进行碱液处理,得到活化织物;
当织物为化学纤维织物时,织物经过辐照后进行碱液处理,得到活化织物;
将醛基取代的吡咯衍生化合物的整理液调至酸性后,充分浸润活化织物;
充分整理后得到光热织物材料;
所述醛基取代的吡咯衍生化合物为吡咯-2-乙醛、吡咯-2-甲醛、1-甲基-2-吡咯甲醛、3,5-二甲基-2-吡咯甲醛中的一种或多种;
所述辐照处理为等离子体处理、紫外处理或高能射线处理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种光热织物材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碱液为NaOH、纯碱、Ca(OH)2或KOH的水溶液或氨水;所述碱液的质量浓度为5-40%,碱液处理的温度为10-80℃,时间为0.1-24 h。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种光热织物材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述整理的温度为20-80℃,时间为0.5-24 h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种光热织物材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述整理液的配制过程为:将醛基取代的吡咯衍生化合物溶于溶剂,得到的整理液;所述的溶剂为水、乙醇、甲醇、丙醇、丙酮、甲酰胺、乙酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、四氢呋喃、二甲亚砜、二氧六环或甲基吡咯烷酮的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种光热织物材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述整理液中醛基取代的吡咯衍生化合物的质量浓度为0.5-20%,织物与整理液的质量百分比为1-50%。
6.一种如权利要求1-5任一项所述方法制备的光热织物材料。
7.一种如权利要求1所述方法制备的一种光热织物材料的应用,其特征在于,该光热织物应用于光热界面蒸发脱盐净水过程。
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