CN115192524B - 一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束及制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束及制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115192524B CN115192524B CN202110396162.1A CN202110396162A CN115192524B CN 115192524 B CN115192524 B CN 115192524B CN 202110396162 A CN202110396162 A CN 202110396162A CN 115192524 B CN115192524 B CN 115192524B
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Abstract
本发明属于药物制剂技术领域,公开了一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束及制备方法和应用。本发明的聚合型胶束以聚乙烯己内酰胺‑聚乙酸乙烯酯‑聚乙二醇为载体包覆链状含硒类谷氨酰胺酶抑制剂,制得的包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束能有效地增加链状含硒谷氨酰胺酶抑制剂的溶解度,还可提高药物在血液中以及肝微粒体中的稳定性,从而提高含硒谷氨酰胺酶抑制剂的生物利用率,同时该聚合型胶束能够增强肿瘤治疗效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物制剂技术领域,尤其涉及一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束及制备方法和应用。
背景技术
谷氨酰胺代谢抑制剂是一类主要通过抑制肿瘤代谢关键酶来起效的小分子,近年来BPTES、CB-839,己烷硒琳衍生物等谷氨酰胺代谢抑制剂备受关注。其中,含硒谷氨酰胺酶抑制剂是一种对肿瘤细胞具有靶向抑制作用的活性分子,具有硒琳类、硒二唑、噻二唑类化合结构,例如链状的对称双硒琳分子(A系列),链状的不对称双硒琳分子(B系列),间苯类不对称双硒琳分子(C系列),链状的单硒琳分子(D系列),链状的硒二唑或噻二唑分子(E系列)等,其具有如下化学结构式:
上述A~E系列的含硒谷氨酰胺酶抑制剂具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化和抗微生物等多种作用,且毒副作用小,作为药物具有广阔的应用前景,目前关于含硒类谷氨酰胺酶抑制剂最主要的研究在于抗癌制剂的开发。
然而很多谷氨酰胺酶抑制剂具有柔性结构的,难溶于各类溶剂包括水和一些有机溶剂,溶解度的瓶颈限制了对谷氨酰胺酶抑制剂生物活性的进一步研究。例如B系列的不对称己烷硒琳和E系列的甲氧基硒二唑化合物的水溶解度分别为3.3×10-3g/L、1.4×10-4g/L,其作为活性组分会造成普通口服给药吸收的障碍,且二者在血液、肝微粒体中的代谢较快,从而进入血循环的药量极度减少。因此,一般在注射给药下,这些化合物的生物利用率偏低,稳定性较差,在一般溶解体系中不稳定,易析出沉淀和降解,从而需要制备合适的药物递送系统以解决上述问题,以保证在有效提高化合物的水溶性的同时,也要防止活性分子进入生物体后被水解、氧化而失活,同时能够保证化合物在达到肿瘤部位之前不被大量清除。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服上述现有技术所存在的缺陷与不足,提供一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束及制备方法和应用,该聚合型胶束以聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇(商品名为Soluplus)为包覆载体,能有效地增加链状含硒谷氨酰胺酶抑制剂的溶解度,提高含硒谷氨酰胺酶抑制剂的生物利用率,同时包载链状含硒谷氨酰胺酶抑制剂的聚合型胶束能够增强肿瘤治疗效果。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
本发明提供了一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束,所述聚合型胶束包括链状难溶药物和聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇;进一步优选的,所述聚合型胶束采用薄膜分散法,以聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇为载体,将链状难溶药物包载在载体的疏水内核聚乙烯己内酰胺和聚乙酸乙烯酯中,得到包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束。
优选的,在上述一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束中,所述链状难溶药物和聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇的质量比为1:5~100。
优选的,在上述一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束中,所述链状难溶药物为含硒类谷氨酰胺酶抑制剂,进一步优选为具有如下结构特征的一种:
其中,n=1~4;
R1~R8为独立的H或F;
R9为具有如下结构特征的一种:
OH、
R10为具有如下结构特征的一种:
OH、
R11~R14为独立的H或F;
R15为具有如下结构特征的一种:
R16为S或Se;
R17为H或OCH3。
本发明还提供了一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将链状难溶药物和聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇溶于有机溶剂,得到混合溶液;
(2)将步骤(1)所述混合溶液旋转蒸发除去有机溶剂,得到薄膜;所述薄膜以聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇包载链状难溶药物;
(3)将步骤(2)所述薄膜溶胀水化,得到包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束。
优选的,在上述一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束的制备方法中,所述步骤(1)中聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇分子量为90000~140000。
优选的,在上述一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束的制备方法中,所述步骤(1)中有机溶剂为甲醇、二氯甲烷、乙醇、乙醚和乙腈中的一种或几种。
优选的,在上述一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束的制备方法中,所述步骤(1)中聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇质量和有机溶剂的体积比为0.5~100mg:5mL。
优选的,在上述一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束的制备方法中,所述步骤(3)中溶胀水化所用溶液为去离子水、生理盐水或磷酸盐缓冲液;所述溶胀水化所用溶液的体积与聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇质量比为2~12mL:200mg。
优选的,在上述一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束的制备方法中,所述步骤(3)得到的包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束通过后处理制得胶束冻干剂;所述后处理步骤具体为:向包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束中加入冻干保护剂,过滤,除菌,冷冻干燥,得到包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束冻干剂。
优选的,在上述一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束的制备方法中,所述冻干保护剂为甘露糖、乳糖、葡萄糖、氨基酸、蔗糖和聚乙二醇中的一种或几种;所述冻干保护剂的质量是包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束质量的1~5%。
本发明还提供了一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束的应用,所述包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束在制备抗肿瘤、抗菌或抗炎药物中的应用,所述包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束制备成口服、注射、栓剂或联合用药。
经由上述的技术方案可知,与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
(1)本发明采用的Soluplus载体是一种多功能药用辅料,由聚乙烯己内酰胺、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙二醇三嵌段构成,具有良好的生物相容性。
(2)本发明的聚合型胶束能有效增加链状含硒谷氨酰胺酶抑制剂的溶解度,可以避免体内网状内皮细胞系统的吞噬,从而提高其在血液中以及肝微粒体中的稳定性,有效提高链状含硒谷氨酰胺酶抑制剂的生物利用率;同时Soluplus载体可以增强被动靶向能力作用,提高链状含硒谷氨酰胺酶抑制剂的抗肿瘤效果。
(3)经实验证明,本发明包载链状含硒谷氨酰胺酶抑制剂的聚合型胶束在小鼠体内具有一定的长循环性质,证明链状含硒谷氨酰胺酶抑制剂的生物利用率得到有效提高,从而提高了肿瘤抑制效果。
附图说明
图1为实施例1的聚合型胶束的表征;
其中,图1-A为聚合型胶束的颜色;图1-B为聚合型胶束的TEM图;图1-C为聚合型胶束的平均粒径;图1-D为聚合型胶束的电位;图1-E为Soluplus空白胶束的颜色;图1-F为Soluplus空白胶束的TEM图;图1-G为Soluplus空白胶束的平均粒径;图1-H为Soluplus空白胶束的电位;
图2为实施例1的聚合型胶束的稳定性;
其中,图2-A为聚合型胶束的平均粒径和PDI;图2-B为聚合型胶束的包封率和载药量;
图3为实施例2的聚合型胶束在PBS溶液中的累积释放量;
图4为实施例2的聚合型胶束在血液中的稳定性;
图5为实施例2的聚合型胶束在肝微粒体中的稳定性;
图6为利用实施例2的聚合型胶束治疗H22小鼠肝癌皮下移植瘤试验的小鼠体重变化曲线。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束,包括链状难溶药物和聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇;进一步优选的,聚合型胶束采用薄膜分散法,以聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇为载体,将链状难溶药物包载在载体的疏水内核聚乙烯己内酰胺和聚乙酸乙烯酯中,得到包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束。
优选的,在上述一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束中,链状难溶药物和聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇的质量比为1:5~100。
优选的,在上述一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束中,链状难溶药物为含硒类谷氨酰胺酶抑制剂,进一步优选为具有如下结构特征的一种:
其中,n=1~4;
R1~R8为独立的H或F;
R9为具有如下结构特征的一种:
OH、
R10为具有如下结构特征的一种:
OH、
R11~R14为独立的H或F;
R15为具有如下结构特征的一种:
R16为S或Se;
R17为H或OCH3。
本发明还提供一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将链状难溶药物和聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇按质量比1:5~100溶于有机溶剂,得到混合溶液;
(2)将步骤(1)混合溶液旋转蒸发除去有机溶剂,旋转蒸发温度为37~45℃,得到薄膜;薄膜以聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇包载链状难溶药物;
(3)将步骤(2)薄膜于15~40℃溶胀水化,得到包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束。
优选的,在上述一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束的制备方法中,步骤(1)中聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇分子量为90000~140000。
优选的,在上述一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束的制备方法中,步骤(1)中有机溶剂为甲醇、二氯甲烷、乙醇、乙醚和乙腈中的一种或几种。
优选的,在上述一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束的制备方法中,步骤(1)中聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇质量和有机溶剂的体积比为0.5~100mg:5mL。
优选的,在上述一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束的制备方法中,步骤(3)中溶胀水化所用溶液为去离子水、生理盐水或磷酸盐缓冲液;溶胀水化所用溶液的体积与聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇质量比为2~12mL:200mg;磷酸盐缓冲液pH为7.2~7.4。
优选的,在上述一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束的制备方法中,步骤(3)得到的包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束通过后处理制得胶束冻干剂;其中,后处理步骤具体为:向包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束中加入冻干保护剂,经过0.22μm的微孔滤膜过滤除菌,于-80℃预冻过夜,然后放入冷冻干燥机中冻干36h,除去水分,得到包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束冻干剂。
优选的,在上述一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束的制备方法中,冻干保护剂为甘露糖、乳糖、葡萄糖、氨基酸、蔗糖和聚乙二醇中的一种或几种;冻干保护剂的质量是包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束质量的1~5%。
本发明还提供一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束的应用,包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束在制备抗肿瘤、抗菌或抗炎药物中的应用,包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束制备成口服、注射、栓剂或联合用药。
实施例1
本发明提供一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)链状难溶药物的制备:A系列对称双硒琳分子的合成方法:
CPD4化合物的制备方法为:在50mL的烧瓶中加入1,6-己二胺或者其他相应的二胺化合物,再加入二氯甲烷和TEA,搅拌冰浴条件下加入溶于二氯甲烷的2-氯羰基3-甲基苯基亚硒酸盐,或其它苯环取代的2-氯羰基苯基亚硒酸盐,滴加完毕后撤去冰浴搅拌过夜。抽滤得到白色固体,加水和甲醇搅拌1小时。抽滤,50℃烘箱烘干,得到产物CPD4;
MS(ESI)=479.98;LC:XDB-C184.6mm×5μm,甲醇:水=60:40,V=1mL/min,λ=254nm;
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)δ7.80(dd,J=7.7,0.8Hz,1H),7.63–7.57(m,1H),7.45–7.39(m,1H),7.28–7.22(m,1H),3.71(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),1.70–1.57(m,2H),1.35(t,J=6.8Hz,2H);
(2)将2.5mg链状难溶药物和50mg聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇(Soluplus)溶于8mL甲醇与二氯甲烷的混合溶剂中,水浴超声10min使载体材料与药物充分溶解,得到混合溶液;
(3)将步骤(2)混合溶液置于旋转蒸发仪37℃旋蒸0.5h,真空干燥过夜,得到亮黄色薄膜;
(4)将步骤(3)薄膜于25℃加入5mL去离子水溶胀水化15min,静置30min,用0.22μm的微孔滤膜过滤除菌,得到包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束。
上述制得的聚合型胶束的表征结果如图1所示。其中,图1-A显示本发明聚合型胶束为黄色透亮液体,图1-E未负载药物的空白胶束为蓝色液体。根据马尔文激光粒径电位仪测得聚合型胶束的平均粒径约为70-80nm(图1-C),电位接近0mV(图1-D),空白胶束的平均粒径约为70-80nm(图1-G),电位接近0mV(图1-H)。
实施例2
本发明提供一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)链状难溶药物的制备:B系列不对称双硒琳分子的合成方法:
CPD14化合物的制备方法如下步骤所示:
将中间体S5(1.07g,2.0mmol)混悬于50mL干燥的二氯甲烷中,随后在-78℃下滴加1M BBr3(3.5mL,3.5mmol),滴加完毕后,将反应体系升至室温反应过夜,随后在0℃将反应体系滴加到40mL 1M HCl溶液中,搅拌30分钟后,析出沉淀通过过滤收集,随后相继用水和乙醚洗涤,粗产品用柱层析(DCM:MeOH=50:1~30:1)得到淡黄色固体产物CPD14,534mg,收率46%;
MS(ESI)=525.99;1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.73(s,1H),
7.90(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.78(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.30(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),7.23(dd,J=8.5,2.5Hz,1H),7.18(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),7.07(dd,J=8.5,2.5Hz,1H),3.82(s,3H),3.69(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),3.66(t,J=7.0Hz,2H),1.64–1.54(m,4H),1.36–1.31(m,4H);
(2)将1mg链状难溶药物和50mg Soluplus溶于6mL乙腈与二氯甲烷的混合溶剂中,水浴超声10min使载体材料与药物充分溶解,得到混合溶液;
(3)将步骤(2)混合溶液置于旋转蒸发仪45℃旋蒸0.5h,真空干燥过夜,得到亮黄色薄膜;
(4)将步骤(3)薄膜于25℃加入5mL磷酸盐缓冲液溶胀水化15min,静置30min,用0.22μm的微孔滤膜过滤除菌,得到包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束。
实施例3
本发明提供一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)链状难溶药物的制备:C系列间苯类不对称双硒琳分子的合成方法:
CPD31化合物的制备方法为:在50mL圆底烧瓶中相继加入间苯二甲胺(272.4mg,2.0mmol),三乙胺(1.54mL,11mmol)和干燥的二氯甲烷(20mL),随后在0℃下滴加溶解于干燥的二氯甲烷(20mL)的甲氧基硒氯1.42g,5.0mmol)溶液。滴加完毕后,将反应体系转至室温反应过夜,析出沉淀通过过滤收集,随后相继用水和乙醚洗涤,粗产品用柱层析(DCM:MeOH=50:1)得到淡黄色固体化合物间苯二甲基二甲氧基硒琳,848.7mg,收率76%,MS(ESI)=531.95;进一步在-78℃下滴加1M BBr3(3.5mL,3.5mmol),条件如实施例2,得到产物CPD31;
MS(ESI)=545.95;1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.86(d,J=8.5
Hz,2H),7.36–7.30(m,3H),7.29(s,1H),7.25(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),7.24–7.20(m,3H),4.88(s,4H),4.7(s,1H),3.83(s,3H);
(2)将5mg链状难溶药物和50mg Soluplus溶于6mL乙醇与乙醚的混合溶剂中,水浴超声10min使载体材料与药物充分溶解,得到混合溶液;
(3)将步骤(2)混合溶液置于旋转蒸发仪40℃旋蒸0.5h,真空干燥过夜,得到亮黄色薄膜;
(4)将步骤(3)薄膜于25℃加入5mL去离子水溶胀水化15min,静置30min,用0.22μm的微孔滤膜过滤除菌,得到包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束。
实施例4
本发明提供一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)链状难溶药物的制备:D系列单硒琳分子的合成方法:
CPD37化合物的制备方法为:将6-氨基己酸(25mmol,3.279g)悬浮于50mL甲醇中,在0℃的条件下,缓慢滴加SOCl2(30mmol,3.57g,2.18mL)。然后将该混合物回流3h,冷却至室温后搅拌过夜。旋蒸除溶剂得到物色透明的粘稠液体,置于冰箱,得到白色固体。在50mL的烧瓶中加入0.465g的苯胺溶于17.5mL的二氯甲烷中,并加入1.5mL的TEA,搅拌。随后将1.30g的2-(氯羰基)苯基次氯酸硒酸溶于二氯甲烷中,在冰浴下滴加到烧瓶中。滴加完毕后撤去冰浴,搅拌过夜,过柱纯化得到产物CPD37;
MS(ESI)=402.08;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.00(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),7.66(dd,J=8.5,1.3Hz,2H),7.65(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.54(dd,J=15.2,1.3Hz,1H),7.50–7.42(m,3H),7.40–7.35(m,1H),4.74(s,1H),3.81(t,J=7.1Hz,2H),3.06(d,J=6.1Hz,2H),1.71–1.63(m,2H),1.41(d,J=17.0Hz,2H),1.33(dt,J=14.6,5.8Hz,4H);
(2)将15mg链状难溶药物和90mg Soluplus溶于4mL二氯甲烷中,水浴超声10min使载体材料与药物充分溶解,得到混合溶液;
(3)将步骤(2)混合溶液置于旋转蒸发仪42℃旋蒸0.5h,真空干燥过夜,得到亮黄色薄膜;
(4)将步骤(3)薄膜于25℃加入5mL磷酸盐缓冲液溶胀水化15min,静置30min,用0.22μm的微孔滤膜过滤除菌,得到包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束。
实施例5
本发明提供一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)链状难溶药物的制备:E系列硒二唑或噻二唑分子的合成方法:
CPD43化合物的制备方法为:取1-甲基-3-吲哚乙酸(45mg,0.24mol)溶解到5mLDMF中,然后将HBTU(91mg,0.24mmol)、DIPEA(38mg,0.3mmol)依次加入之前的溶液中。之后室温反应0.5h,再加入含氨基的硒二唑或噻二唑中间体(100mg,0.2mmol)到混合液中,室温反应过夜。反应结束后,减压蒸除DMF,所得固体粗产物加入乙酸乙酯使之溶解,用10mL水进行洗涤,并转移至分液漏斗进行分液。水相在用20mL乙酸乙酯进行萃取,合并两次操作的有机相,加入无水硫酸钠进行干燥,过滤,旋蒸浓缩,用二氯甲烷:甲醇=20:1过柱分离得灰黄色固体产物CPD43(81mg,60%);
MS(ESI)=671.12;1H-NMR(500MHz,DMSO-d 6)δ12.68(s,1H),
11.31(s,1H),8.19(t,J=10.0Hz,2H),7.56(dd,J=10.5,6.0Hz,1H),7.46(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.37(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.29(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.26(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.21(s,1H),7.10(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),6.79(dd,J=9.0,2.5Hz,1H),3.84(d,J=8.0Hz,3H),3.74(s,2H),3.71(s,2H),3.66-3.56(m,2H),3.14-3.08(m,2H),3.01-2.96(m,2H),2.90-2.84(m,2H);
(2)将6mg链状难溶药物和70mg Soluplus溶于8mL甲醇与二氯甲烷的混合溶剂中,水浴超声10min使载体材料与药物充分溶解,得到混合溶液;
(3)将步骤(2)混合溶液置于旋转蒸发仪39℃旋蒸1h,真空干燥过夜,得到亮黄色薄膜;
(4)将步骤(3)薄膜于25℃加入5mL生理盐水溶胀水化15min,静置30min,用0.22μm的微孔滤膜过滤除菌,得到包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束。
测定本发明实施例1-5制备的聚合型胶束的平均粒径、多分散系数(PDI)以及包封率,以未包载药物的Soluplus空白胶束作为对比,结果如表1所示。由表1可知,本发明制备的聚合型胶束的平均粒径为60~80nm,PDI小于0.2,包封率可达到94%以上。
表1聚合型胶束以及Soluplus空白胶束的平均粒径、PDI以及包封率
溶解度测试:
本发明上述A~E系列链状难溶药物在水中以及10%的Soluplus溶液中的溶解度如表2所示。
表2A~E系列链状难溶药物在水和10%Soluplus溶液中的溶解度
以实施例1制备的A系列对称双硒琳分子CPD4为例,测定其在不同溶剂和载体中的溶解度,试验方法为:称取1mg化合物,分别加入1mL不同溶剂或载体,水浴超声10min使化合物充分溶解,室温搅拌12h,离心,利用HPLC测定上清液中化合物浓度,结果如表3所示。
表3CPD4化合物于不同溶剂或载体中的溶解度
本发明实施例1-5的A~E系列含硒谷氨酰胺酶抑制剂以及市售乙烷硒琳化合物的疏水常数以及在水中、DMSO和Soluplus溶液中的溶解度如表4所示。
表4乙烷硒琳和实施例1~5化合物在不同溶液中的溶解度
由表3和表4可知,本发明制备的含硒谷氨酰胺酶抑制剂在Soluplus溶液中的溶解度相对于其他种类溶液显著增加,说明利用Soluplus包覆药物制得的聚合型胶束可以增加药物的溶解度。
稳定性测试:
以实施例1制备的聚合型胶束为例,在37℃条件下储存,每5天取样测定其平均粒径、PDI、包封率和载药量,以评价聚合型胶束的稳定性,结果如图2所示。由图2可知,本发明聚合型胶束在储存10天后,平均粒径、PDI、包封率和载药量均基本保持不变,具有较高的稳定性。
累积释放量测试:
以实施例2制备的聚合型胶束为例,在37℃、pH为7.4的PBS溶液中,每天取样,利用HPLC定量测试PBS溶液中CPD14分子的浓度,以未利用Soluplus包载的CPD14分子作为对照,结果如图3所示。结果表明,包载有药物的聚合型胶束其药物完全释放的时间相对于未包载的药物显著增加至少10倍,药物经由Soluplus载体包载后可持续释放。
在血液中稳定性测试:
以实施例2制备的聚合型胶束为例,在96孔板中,加入10μL聚合型胶束,再加入190μL血液后迅速摇匀,使其充分混合,于37℃条件下,在设定时间点5、30、60、120min时取出,置于3000rpm离心10min,分离出血浆(上层)和血红细胞层(下层),各约100μL,利用有机溶剂提取法处理血浆和血红细胞试样,并利用HPLC法(梯度法)定量和分析试样中CPD14分子的浓度,以未利用Soluplus包载的CPD14分子作为对照,结果如图4所示。
结果表明,包载药物的聚合型胶束在血液中放置2h后仍维持80%的稳定率,而未利用Soluplus包载的药物稳定率明显低于聚合型胶束。因此,本发明利用Soluplus包载药物制得的聚合型胶束在血液中具有较高稳定性,不会造成药物在血液中过快分解失活。
在肝微粒体中稳定性测试:
以实施例2制备的聚合型胶束为例,人肝微粒体实验孵育体系总体积为1000μL,包括500μL 1mg/mL的人肝微粒体溶液,100μL实施例2聚合型胶束溶液,400μL NADPH辅酶的工作溶液(微粒体与辅酶液均在37℃预孵3-5min后再加入),分别在37℃恒温孵育2、5、30、60、120、240min时间点取200μL反应液,依次迅速加入10μL 250μg/mL内标物Ebselen(DMSO)、8.5μL 1M巯基乙胺及90μL 10mM磷酸二氢钾(pH=7.5),涡旋震荡至混匀,于37℃下水浴3h,取出后加600μL乙酸乙酯,涡旋震荡至混匀后静置,于10000rpm离心5min,分离出乙酸乙酯层(上层),用氮气吹干,再加入100μL甲醇复溶,于3000rpm下离心2min后取上清进样HPLC分析,收集Ebselen-BME和B系列药物-BME相对保留时间下的液相谱图并作定量分析,以未利用Soluplus包载的CPD14分子作为对照,结果如图5所示。
由图5可知,聚合型胶束在肝微粒体中的稳定性明显高于未包载的药物,说明Soluplus包载药物可以降低药物在肝微粒体中的代谢,以保证药物在达到肿瘤部位之前不被过早代谢失活。
癌细胞抑制测试:
以实施例2制备的聚合型胶束为例,在96孔板中,加入聚合型胶束,每孔分别加入1000个小鼠肺癌A549细胞、小鼠肝癌H22细胞,在RPMI培养基中,10%牛血清,5%CO2条件下培养5天,再加入1mL EZMTT指示剂,检测IC50,以未包载药物的Soluplus空白胶束和未利用Soluplus包载的CPD14分子作为对比,结果如表5所示。
表5聚合型胶束对H22和A549癌细胞的抑制
由表5可知,本发明制备的聚合型胶束对于H22和A549癌细胞的抑制作用与未利用Soluplus包载的单纯药物溶液相当,说明利用Soluplus载体包载不会对药物的活性产生影响。
生物利用率测试:
取体重为20g左右的ICR小鼠36只,随机分为2组,每组18只,分别给予实施例2未利用Soluplus包载的CPD14注射液以及相同浓度的实施例2聚合型胶束,以10mg/kg的剂量尾静脉注射给药,分别于给药后0.003、0.17、0.5、1、2、4、8、12、24h取血,处理全血或血浆后测定CPD14的血药浓度,结果如表6所示。
表6CPD14和聚合型胶束在体内的药代动力学参数
其中,AUC0→24h:0-24h的曲线下面积;Cmax:化合物的达峰血药浓度;Tmax:血药浓度达峰时间;t1/2β:半衰期;CL:化合物于血液中的清除率;Fr:相对生物利用度。
由表6可知,利用Soluplus包载的药物(聚合型胶束)在小鼠体内的血药浓度峰值明显高于未包载的药物(CPD14),且半衰期较长,于血液中的清除率较低,表明本发明制备的聚合型胶束能延长药物在体内的有效时间,不会造成在药物进入生物体后即被水解、氧化而失活,该聚合型胶束相对生物利用度较高。
对小鼠皮下移植瘤的治疗测试:
取体重为20g左右的ICR小鼠30只,随机分为3组,每组10只,分别于小鼠右腋下侧的皮下接种肝癌H22细胞,次日,第1组以20mg/kg尾静脉注射实施例2未利用Soluplus包载的CPD14注射液,第2组以20mg/kg尾静脉注射实施例2聚合型胶束,第3组以20mg/kg尾静脉注射未包载药物的Soluplus空白胶束,每天注射1次,连续注射10天,每天记录体重和观察小鼠的状态。第11天,取小鼠的肿瘤,测定瘤重,结果如表7和图6所示。
表7治疗后H22小鼠肝癌皮下移植瘤瘤重
结果表明,未包载药物的Soluplus空白胶束对肿瘤没有治疗作用,而包载药物的聚合型胶束能明显降低肿瘤的重量。相对于未利用Soluplus包载的药物(CPD14),使用包载药物的聚合型胶束治疗后,肿瘤的重量明显降低,且小鼠的体重也低于其他两组,说明本发明利用Soluplus包载药物(聚合型胶束)对肿瘤具有更好的治疗效果。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束,其特征在于,所述聚合型胶束包括链状难溶药物和聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇;所述链状难溶药物为含硒类谷氨酰胺酶抑制剂,所述链状难溶药物和聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇的质量比为1:5~50;所述聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇分子量为90000~140000;
所述链状难溶药物为具有如下结构特征的一种:
其中,n=1~4;
R1、R5独立的为H或F;R2~R4为H;R6~R8为H;
R9为具有如下结构特征的一种:
R10为具有如下结构特征的一种:
R11为H或F;R12~R14为H;
R15为具有如下结构特征的一种:
R16为S或Se;
R17为H或OCH3。
2.权利要求1所述的一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将链状难溶药物和聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇溶于有机溶剂,得到混合溶液;
(2)将步骤(1)所述混合溶液旋转蒸发除去有机溶剂,得到薄膜;所述薄膜以聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇包载链状难溶药物;
(3)将步骤(2)所述薄膜溶胀水化,得到包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束;
所述步骤(1)中聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇质量和有机溶剂的体积比为50mg:6mL或50mg:8mL或70mg:8mL或90mg:4mL;
所述步骤(3)中溶胀水化所用溶液为去离子水、生理盐水或磷酸盐缓冲液;所述溶胀水化所用溶液的体积与聚乙烯己内酰胺-聚乙酸乙烯酯-聚乙二醇质量比为5mL:50mg或5mL:70mg或5mL:90mg。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)中有机溶剂为甲醇、二氯甲烷、乙醇、乙醚和乙腈中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)得到的包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束通过后处理制得胶束冻干剂;所述后处理步骤具体为:向包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束中加入冻干保护剂,过滤,除菌,冷冻干燥,得到包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束冻干剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束的制备方法,其特征在于,所述冻干保护剂为甘露糖、乳糖、葡萄糖、氨基酸、蔗糖和聚乙二醇中的一种或几种;所述冻干保护剂的质量是包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束质量的1~5%。
6.权利要求1所述的一种包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述包载链状难溶药物的聚合型胶束制备成口服或注射。
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