CN115176644A - Cultivation method for planting stropharia rugoso-annulata in under-forest/grassland humus layer - Google Patents
Cultivation method for planting stropharia rugoso-annulata in under-forest/grassland humus layer Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method for planting stropharia rugoso-annulata in a forest/grassland humus layer, and belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation. The cultivation method comprises the following steps: digging holes in the forest or the grassland humus layer, directly sowing stropharia rugoso-annulata strains, covering soil, and covering the forest with dead branches and fallen leaves or grassland weeds. According to the invention, the wild domestication planting is carried out under the condition of artificially culturing the strains in the forest and the grassland, the humus layer can meet the nutrient requirement of the stropharia rugoso-annulata, the space utilization rate of the forest and the grass is fully improved, the average yield per mu of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is more than 2500 jin, and the economic benefit is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for planting stropharia rugoso-annulata in a forest/grassland humus layer.
Background
Stropharia rugosoannulata, which is called "Pinus densiflora", is one of rare edible fungi and ten mushrooms in the international mushroom market. The stropharia rugoso-annulata is delicious, tender and crisp, has good taste, is rich in proteins, saccharides, mineral substances, vitamins and other nutrient substances beneficial to human health, is rich in proteins, saccharides, mineral substances, vitamins, stropharia rugoso-annulata polysaccharide beneficial to human health, integrates mushrooms, straw mushrooms and the like, has the reputation of meat in vegetables, and is a high-quality rare edible and medicinal fungus with rich nutrition and an anti-tumor effect.
The stropharia rugoso-annulata sporocarp contains more crude protein and crude fiber, which respectively account for 25.75 percent and 7.99 percent of the total content, the total content of amino acid is 16.72 percent, and the ratio of the amino acid essential to human body to the total content of amino acid is more than 40 percent. Meanwhile, the dry product has higher contents of trace elements such as phosphorus, potassium, iron, selenium and the like, and is beneficial to maintaining normal metabolism of a human body, improving the immunity of the bone health, preventing canceration and the like.
China has wide continental and seasonal plateau mountains, such as the country of Yangde city of Hebei province, and the winter and summer in the region are long and short; in summer and half a year, the influence of warm high pressure of the subtropical zone prevails in the south, the weather is warm and rainy, obvious sunstroke seasons do not exist, the climate is cool and pleasant in spring and autumn, and the temperature difference between day and night is large. In addition, climatic conditions in different areas above and below the dam are not consistent, the microclimate difference is large, the edible fungi are very suitable for growing, and resources are rich (the coverage rate of forest and grass is more than 72%), so that the variety of the wild fungi in the enclosure is created (hericium erinaceus, auricularia auricula, corallin, armillaria mellea, namely hazel mushrooms, tricholoma leucade, ganoderma lucidum, red rivet mushrooms (dried mushrooms), gray mushrooms, pine mushrooms, poplar mushrooms, straw mushrooms and the like). However, although the climate is suitable, the edible fungi resources are abundant and various, the abundant forest and grass space is still not effectively utilized, the secondary establishment of the edible fungi is not realized, and the under-forest economy and the grassland economy are not well developed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the invention aims to provide a cultivation method for planting stropharia rugoso-annulata under forest/grassland humus layers, which fully utilizes space resources under forest/grassland and increases economic benefits.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method for planting stropharia rugoso-annulata in a forest/grassland humus layer comprises the following steps: directly sowing stropharia rugoso-annulata strains under the forest or in a grassland humus layer by digging holes, covering soil, and covering dry branches and fallen leaves under the forest or grassland weeds.
Preferably, before direct seeding, the humus layer of the planting field is treated with quicklime and/or insecticide.
Preferably, the seeds are sown when the average temperature of the cultivated land is less than or equal to 28 ℃.
Preferably, the digging depth is 3-5cm, and the plant row spacing is 15-25cm.
Preferably, the bacterial speciesThe seeding rate is 0.5-0.75kg/m 2 。
Preferably, the soil is covered to the ground level, and the coverage thickness of the under-forest dry branches and fallen leaves or grassland weeds is 5-8cm.
Preferably, the method also comprises a spawn running period, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 5-35 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be 70-75%.
More preferably, the method also comprises a fruiting period, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 5-30 ℃, the humidity of a planting field is controlled to be 70-75%, the air humidity is controlled to be 85-95%, and ventilation and light scattering are carried out.
Preferably, the stropharia rugoso-annulata pileus is bell-shaped, and is harvested in time when the pileus is not broken.
More preferably, after the stropharia rugoso-annulata is harvested, the fruiting surface is cleaned, the covering soil is filled again, and the tide mushrooms go out and go out for 3-4 tides.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a cultivation method for planting stropharia rugoso-annulata on a humus layer under a forest/grassland, which is characterized in that field domestication planting is carried out under the condition of artificially culturing strains to the forest and the grassland, the average yield per mu of the stropharia rugoso-annulata is more than 2500 jin, a popularity policy is formed, income is increased, and economic high-speed, high-quality and green development under the forest (grassland) is realized.
By the cultivation method, large-area popularization is carried out under various forests (grasslands) with rich resources, secondary establishment of edible fungi can be realized, and the forest economy and the grassland economy are driven to reach a new high-point.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention relates to a flow chart of a cultivation method for planting stropharia rugoso-annulata in a forest/grassland humus layer;
FIG. 2: and (5) cultivating stropharia rugoso-annulata under the pine forest.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a cultivation method for planting stropharia rugoso-annulata on a forest/grassland humus layer, which comprises the following steps: digging holes in the forest or the grassland humus layer, directly sowing stropharia rugoso-annulata strains, covering soil, and covering the forest with dead branches and fallen leaves or grassland weeds. The forest farm of the invention comprises coniferous forests and broadleaf forests, such as pine forests, poplar forests and the like.
Stropharia rugosoannulata is a typical straw rotting fungus, a large amount of crop straws are needed as nutrient sources for traditional cultivation materials, a humidity environment is needed in the growth period of the Stropharia rugosoannulata, shading facilities need to be built for artificial planting, straw covering water spraying is carried out, and covering materials and covering soil are guaranteed to be in a wet state. According to the invention, stropharia rugoso-annulata is planted under the forest or in the grassland, the nutrient is provided by directly utilizing the humus layer of the planting land, and the dead branches and fallen leaves or grassland weeds under the forest are utilized for covering, so that the space utilization rate of the forest and the grassland is improved, and the input cost of the stropharia rugoso-annulata planting is greatly reduced.
The preferable artificial strain stock culture formula comprises any one of the following components (volume fraction):
(1) 25% of corn stalks, 25% of corn cobs, 35% of wood chips, 10% of soybean meal and 5% of wheat bran or rice bran;
(2) 70% of wood dust, 20% of fine sawdust, 10% of soybean meal and 10% of wheat bran;
(3) 77% of corncobs, 20% of bean pulp and 3% of wheat bran.
Before direct seeding, the invention preferably treats the humus layer of the planting field by using quicklime and/or insecticide to kill pathogenic bacteria and pests carried in the humus layer.
The invention preferentially sows seeds when the average temperature of the planting horizon is less than or equal to 28 ℃, and further preferentially sows seeds when the average temperature is 20-24 ℃. Aiming at the under-forest/grassland planting environment, the method can promote the normal growth and development of the stropharia rugoso-annulata by sowing when the average temperature of the planting horizon is less than or equal to 28 ℃, can well grow hyphae before freezing, and can harvest after fruiting from the end of 3 months to the middle of 6 months in the next year.
The method adopts a hole digging mode for direct seeding, the hole digging depth is preferably 3-5cm, and further preferably 4cm; preferably, the row spacing of the acupuncture points is 15-25cm, more preferably 18-22cm, and even more preferably 20cm.
The seeding quantity of the optimized strain of the invention is 0.5-0.75kg/m 2 Further preferably 0.55 to 0.7kg/m 2 More preferably 0.6kg/m 2 。
According to the invention, after directly seeding strains in forests or grasslands, soil is immediately covered, preferably, the soil is covered to the level of the ground, and covering is carried out, wherein the covering thickness of the dry branches and fallen leaves in the forests or grasslands and weeds is preferably 5-8cm, and further preferably 6.5cm.
Stropharia rugosoannulata is a wide-temperature edible fungus, hypha can grow at the temperature of 4-36 ℃, however, the hypha can grow slowly due to too low temperature; the differentiation temperature of the primordium of the sporocarps is 4-30 ℃, the temperature is increased, the sporocarps grow too fast, the shape of the primordium is small, the primordium is easy to open, the temperature is reduced, and the sporocarps grow slowly. The invention preferably selects the spawn running period, and controls the temperature to be 5-35 ℃, and further preferably selects the temperature to be 20-25 ℃; the humidity is 70-75%. Around 50 days, hypha can grow over the whole bed.
As the stropharia rugoso-annulata is planted in wild domestication under forests or in grasslands, the method has no special requirements on mushroom forcing management, wild management and automatic fruiting according to the climate change of the habitat.
The method preferably selects the fruiting period, controls the temperature to be 5-30 ℃, further preferably 12-25 ℃, controls the humidity of a planting field to be 70-75% and the air humidity to be 85-95%, ventilates, scatters light, and is favorable for improving the yield.
According to the invention, the stropharia rugoso-annulata pileus is preferably in a bell shape, and the pileus is collected in time before the pileus is broken. As one possible embodiment, the harvesting method comprises: the base of the stipe is slightly twisted by hand, and the stipe is slightly pulled up after loosening, so that surrounding small mushrooms or culture materials are not required to be brought up.
According to the method, after a tide of stropharia rugoso-annulata is preferably selected and harvested, the fruiting surface is cleaned, the soil is filled and covered again, the tide of mushrooms are produced, generally 7-10 days later, and 3-4 tides can be produced according to weather conditions.
The stropharia rugoso-annulata can be directly stored, sold or processed after being harvested, and the preservation comprises the preservation for 2 to 3 days at the temperature of 2 to 4 ℃; making into salted product or oven drying for sale, preferably baking at 40 deg.C to seventy-eight dry, and heating to 50-60 deg.C until oven drying.
The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A cultivation method for planting stropharia rugoso-annulata on a humus layer under a pine forest comprises the following steps:
(1) Stock culture: culturing 25% of corn straws, 25% of corncobs, 35% of sawdust, 10% of bean pulp and 5% of wheat bran to obtain a culture strain;
(2) Selecting a forest humus layer as a planting field, and treating by using quicklime and a pesticide;
(3) When the average temperature of the forest land is reduced to be below 28 ℃, digging holes in a humus layer under the forest, wherein the hole depth is 4cm, the plant-row spacing is 20cm, and 0.6kg of strain is sowed in each square meter;
(4) Covering soil to be flush with the ground in time after sowing, and covering dry branches and fallen leaves under the forest to a thickness of 6.5cm;
(5) And (3) hypha growth stage: controlling the temperature under the forest to be 20-25 ℃ and the humidity to be 70-75%;
(6) Mushroom hastening;
(7) And (3) fruiting stage: controlling the temperature under the forest to be 12-25 ℃, the humidity of the forest land to be 70-75% and the humidity of the air to be 85-95%, ventilating, and scattering light for fruiting;
(8) The pileus is bell-shaped, and the pileus is collected in time before being broken, the base part of the stipe is slightly twisted by holding with hands, and the pileus is slightly pulled up after being loosened, so that surrounding small mushrooms or culture materials are not required to be brought up;
(9) And after the first-tide mushrooms are harvested, cleaning fruiting surfaces and filling up and earthing, discharging the first-tide mushrooms after 7-10 days, and discharging 3-4 tide mushrooms according to weather conditions.
Example 2
A cultivation method for planting stropharia rugoso-annulata on grassland humus layers comprises the following steps:
(1) Stock culture: cultivating 70% of sawdust, 20% of fine sawdust, 10% of soybean meal and 10% of wheat bran by using a culture material to obtain a cultivated strain;
(2) Selecting a grassland humus layer as a planting field, and treating by using quicklime and a pesticide;
(3) Digging holes in a humus layer of the grassland when the temperature of the grassland is 20-24 ℃, wherein the hole depth is 3cm, the row spacing is 15cm, and the strain is sowed in each square meter by 0.5kg;
(4) Covering soil to be flush with the ground in time after sowing, and covering grassland weeds with the thickness of 5cm;
(5) And (3) hypha growth stage: controlling the temperature of the grassland to be 20-25 ℃ and the humidity to be 70-75%;
(6) Accelerating mushroom growth;
(7) And (3) fruiting stage: controlling the temperature of a grassland to be 12-25 ℃, the humidity of a forest land to be 70-75% and the humidity of air to be 85-95%, ventilating, and scattering light for fruiting;
(8) The mushroom cap is in a bell shape, and is harvested in time before the mushroom curtain is broken, the base part of the mushroom stem is pinched by a hand to be slightly twisted, and the mushroom stem is slightly pulled up after being loosened, so that surrounding small mushrooms or culture materials are not required to be brought up;
(9) After the first tide of mushrooms are harvested, cleaning the fruiting surfaces and filling up the covering soil, and after 7-10 days, the second tide of mushrooms can be produced, and 3-4 tide of mushrooms can be produced according to weather conditions.
Example 3
A cultivation method for planting stropharia rugoso-annulata on a humus layer under a poplar forest comprises the following steps:
(1) Stock culture: culturing 77% of corncobs, 20% of soybean meal and 3% of wheat bran to obtain a culture strain;
(2) Selecting a forest humus layer as a planting field, and treating by using quicklime and a pesticide;
(3) When the average temperature of the forest land is reduced to be below 28 ℃, digging holes in a humus layer under the forest, wherein the hole depth is 5cm, the plant-row spacing is 25cm, and 0.75kg of strain is sowed in each square meter;
(4) Covering soil to be flush with the ground in time after sowing, and covering dry branches and fallen leaves under the forest with the covering thickness of 8cm;
(5) And (3) hypha growth stage: controlling the temperature under the forest to be 20-25 ℃ and the humidity to be 70-75%;
(6) Mushroom hastening;
(7) And (3) fruiting stage: controlling the temperature under the forest to be 12-25 ℃, the humidity of the forest land to be 70-75% and the humidity of the air to be 85-95%, ventilating, and scattering light for fruiting;
(8) The pileus is bell-shaped, and the pileus is collected in time before being broken, the base part of the stipe is slightly twisted by holding with hands, and the pileus is slightly pulled up after being loosened, so that surrounding small mushrooms or culture materials are not required to be brought up;
(9) After the first tide of mushrooms are harvested, cleaning the fruiting surfaces and filling up the covering soil, and after 7-10 days, the second tide of mushrooms can be produced, and 3-4 tide of mushrooms can be produced according to weather conditions.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and amendments can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and amendments should also be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A cultivation method for planting stropharia rugoso-annulata on a forest/grassland humus layer is characterized by comprising the following steps: digging holes in the forest or the grassland humus layer, directly sowing stropharia rugoso-annulata strains, covering soil, and covering the forest with dead branches and fallen leaves or grassland weeds.
2. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein before direct seeding, the humus layer of the planting field is treated with quicklime and/or insecticide.
3. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sowing is carried out at an average air temperature of not more than 28 ℃.
4. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the dug holes is 3-5cm, and the row spacing is 15-25cm.
5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the seeding amount of the seed culture is 0.5 to 0.75kg/m 2 。
6. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the soil is covered to the ground level, and the coverage thickness of the under-forest dry branches and fallen leaves or grassland weeds is 5-8cm.
7. The cultivation method according to claim 1, further comprising a spawn running period, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 5-35 ℃ and the humidity is controlled to be 70-75%.
8. The cultivation method according to claim 1 or 7, further comprising a fruiting period, controlling the temperature at 5-30 ℃, the humidity of the planting field at 70-75%, the air humidity at 85-95%, ventilating and scattering light.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the stropharia rugoso-annulata pileus is bell-shaped and is harvested in time before the pileus breaks.
10. The cultivation method according to claim 1 or 9, wherein after the stropharia rugoso-annulata is harvested, the fruiting surface is cleaned, the covering soil is filled again, the undertide mushrooms grow, and 3-4 tides grow.
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| CN111684987A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-22 | 高顺全 | Under-forest wild-simulated cultivation edible fungus by using forest land and cultivation method thereof |
| CN112690168A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-23 | 昭通学院 | Novel method for cultivating stropharia rugoso-annulata under forest in poor mountain area |
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