CN115160262A - 一种环氧化物的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种环氧化物的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN115160262A
CN115160262A CN202210930847.4A CN202210930847A CN115160262A CN 115160262 A CN115160262 A CN 115160262A CN 202210930847 A CN202210930847 A CN 202210930847A CN 115160262 A CN115160262 A CN 115160262A
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epoxide
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纪红兵
周贤太
王玲玲
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Sun Yat Sen University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种环氧化物的制备方法;旨在提供一种反应条件温和、高效、产物选择性高、工艺简单等的环氧化物的制备方法;该方法以烯烃为原料,以氧气或过氧化氢或叔丁基过氧化氢为氧化剂,加入一定量的有机溶剂和催化剂,控制一定的反应温度和压力(氧气为氧化剂时)进行催化反应得到环氧化物。

Description

一种环氧化物的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种环氧化物的制备方法,具体地说,是涉及一种催化烯烃环氧化制备环氧化物的方法。
背景技术
环氧化物是一类具有高附加值有机化工原料,在精细化工、高分子、医药等领域具有广泛用途,如环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷及环氧己烷等广泛用于合成聚氨酯的原料聚醚多元醇、非离子表面活性剂和破乳剂等。
目前,除了环氧乙烷,工业上生产环氧化合物的方法还是采用传统的氯醇法和共氧化法,氯醇法虽然工艺成熟,选择性好、收率高,生产安全、基建投资少,但该法对设备腐蚀性强,“三废”排放量大,大多正在进行改造或逐步退出市场。共氧化法克服了氯醇法“三废”污染严重、设备腐蚀和需要用氯气作原料等缺点,但该法工艺复杂,投资大,同时面临原料和联产物的制约问题。
金属卟啉类化合物是细胞色素P-450单加氧酶的有效模拟物,多作为均相催化剂应用于各类氧化反应,可在温和条件下活化分子氧,降低能耗,在烃类选择氧化反应中表现出较高的催化活性和选择性。作为仿生催化剂,结构不同的金属卟啉,其催化性能可能不同,中心金属离子、卟啉环上取代基、双金属以及轴向配体都会影响金属卟啉的催化效果。
中国专利CN1915983公开了金属卟啉催化C6-C10链烯烃、C6-C10单环烯烃等液体烯烃环氧化制备环氧化物的方法,该方法反应温度较高、反应时间较长,因此发展一种烯烃环氧化制备环氧化物的绿色工艺具有重要意义和应用前景。
发明内容
针对上述不足,本发明提供的技术方案以金属卟啉为催化剂,将催化剂均匀溶解在溶剂中,加入原料烯烃和氧化剂,在催化剂的作用下进行催化反应制得环氧化物。
为了实现上述目的,所采用的技术方案是这样的:
一种环氧化物的制备方法,以烯烃为原料,加入氧化剂,有机溶剂和金属卟啉化合物催化剂,在30~120℃催化反应得到环氧化物;
所述的金属卟啉化合物催化剂结构式如式1所示:
Figure BDA0003781024270000021
其中:M为过渡金属原子Fe、Co、Mn、Cu、Zn、Ru、Cr、Mg中的一种;优选Fe、Mn、Co、Cu、Zn中的一种;
R1和R2均自由选择氢、卤素、硝基、甲基、羟基或烷氧基中的一种;R1和R2均自由选择卤素、硝基或甲氧基中的一种。
进一步的,上述的一种环氧化物的制备方法,所述的氧化剂为氧气或过氧化氢或叔丁基过氧化氢。
当所述的氧化剂为氧气时,反应压力为0.2MPa~2.0MPa;优选,0.5~1.0MPa。
当所述的氧化剂氧化氢或叔丁基过氧化氢,所述的烯烃与氧化剂的摩尔比为1∶0.5~1∶3
进一步的,上述的一种环氧化物的制备方法,所述的有机溶剂为乙腈、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二氯甲烷和甲苯中的一种。
进一步的,上述的一种环氧化物的制备方法,所述的反应温度优选50~100℃。
与现有的技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
1、本发明采用的是烯烃在过氧化氢、叔丁基过氧化氢或氧气为氧化剂的环条件下制备得到,避免了使用氯醇法或共氧化法带来的环境、产品复杂等缺点。
2、本发明技术所制得的环氧化物选择性高,反应操作简单、易行,产物容易分离。
3、本发明使用了与生物酶类似结构的金属卟啉化合物作催化剂,反应条件温和,降低了生产过程的能耗,同时安全性也得到了提高。
附图说明
图1是实施例1提供的气相色谱图;
图2是实施例2提供的气相色谱图;
图3是实施例3提供的气相色谱图;
图4是实施例4提供的气相色谱图;
图5是实施例5提供的气相色谱图;
图6是实施例6提供的气相色谱图;
图7是实施例7提供的气相色谱图;
图8是实施例8提供的气相色谱图;
图9是实施例9提供的气相色谱图;
图10是实施例10提供的气相色谱图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明进一步说明,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于实施例表示的范围。
实施例中所用的金属有机类酶催化剂是通过下述步骤合成的:
1)将10mmol新蒸萘醛溶解于50mL氩气吹扫的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加入0.5mL浓盐酸,随后逐滴滴加10mmol新蒸吡咯,在140℃下氩气气氛中搅拌1h;
2)加入25mmol的金属盐MCl2(或MSO4),在空气中回流8h,旋蒸除去溶剂,粗产物用酸性蒸馏水洗涤3-5次;
3)以氯仿为洗脱剂,用闪蒸硅胶层析纯化。
烯烃底物的转化率和相应环氧化物的选择性计算方法如下:
Figure BDA0003781024270000031
Figure BDA0003781024270000032
实施例1
在25mL含有浓度为1.4×10-4mol/L具有通式结构的金属卟啉(M=Co,R1=R2=H)的乙腈溶液中,加入10mmol 1-己烯和5mmol过氧化氢,在温度为30℃下进行搅拌反应8.0h,经气相色谱分析,根据公式(1)计算得1-己烯的转化率为58%,根据公式(2)计算得1,2-环氧己烷的选择性为91%,气相色谱图为图1。
Figure BDA0003781024270000041
实施例2
在25mL含有浓度为5.2×10-5mol/L具有通式结构的金属卟啉(M=Mn,R1=C1,R2=H)的乙酸乙酯溶液中,加入10mmol的1-丁烯和10mmol叔丁基过氧化氢,在温度为120℃下进行搅拌反应1.5h,经气相色谱分析,根据公式(1)计算得1-丁烯的转化率为71%,根据公式(2)计算得1,2-环氧丁烷的选择性为86%,气相色谱图为图2。
Figure BDA0003781024270000042
实施例3
在25mL含有浓度为1.3×10-4mol/L具有通式结构的金属卟啉(M=Fe,R1=R2=NO2)的二氯甲烷溶液中,加入10mmol的环己烯,充入氧气至2.0MPa,在温度为100℃下进行搅拌反应2.0h,经气相色谱分析,根据公式(1)计算得环己烯的转化率为84%,根据公式(2)计算得环氧环己烷的选择性为92%,气相色谱图为图3。
Figure BDA0003781024270000051
实施例4
在25mL含有浓度为2.0×10-4mol/L具有通式结构的金属卟啉(M=Cu,R1=CH3,R2=OCH3)的乙醇溶液中,加入10mmol的丙烯和30mmol叔丁基过氧化氢,在温度为50℃下进行搅拌反应7.0h,经气相色谱分析,根据公式(1)计算得丙烯的转化率为90%,根据公式(2)计算得环氧丙烷的选择性为93%,气相色谱图为图4。
Figure BDA0003781024270000052
实施例5
在25mL含有浓度为1.3×10-4mol/L具有通式结构的金属卟啉(M1=Zn,R1=R2=OH)的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液中,加入10mmol的1-己烯,充入氧气至0.2MPa,在温度为100℃下进行搅拌反应2.0h,经气相色谱分析,根据公式(1)计算得1-己烯的转化率为32%,根据公式(2)计算得1,2-环氧己烷的选择性为99%,气相色谱图为图5。
Figure BDA0003781024270000061
实施例6
在25mL含有浓度为1.9×10-4mol/L具有通式结构的金属卟啉(M1=Ru,R1=Cl,R2=NO2)的甲苯溶液中,加入10mmol的1-戊烯和10mmol过氧化氢,在温度为70℃下进行搅拌反应3.0h,经气相色谱分析,根据公式(1)计算得1-戊烯的转化率为78%,根据公式(2)计算得1,2-环氧戊烷的选择性为89%,气相色谱图为图6。
Figure BDA0003781024270000062
实施例7
在25mL含有浓度为2.4×10-5mol/L具有通式结构的金属卟啉(M=Mg,R1=F,R2=CH3)的乙酸乙酯溶液中,加入10mmol的1-丁烯,充入氧气至1.0MPa,在温度为80℃下进行搅拌反应6.0h,经气相色谱分析,根据公式(1)计算得1-丁烯的转化率为69%,根据公式(2)计算得1,2-环氧丁烷的选择性为91%,气相色谱图为图7。
Figure BDA0003781024270000071
实施例8
在25mL含有浓度为2.0×10-4mol/L具有通式结构的金属卟啉(M=Cr,R1=Cl,R2=OCH3)的乙腈溶液中,加入10mmol的环辛烯,充入氧气至0.5MPa,在温度为100℃下进行搅拌反应4.0h,经气相色谱分析,根据公式(1)计算得环辛烯的转化率为51%,根据公式(2)计算得环氧环辛烷的选择性为94%,气相色谱图为图8。
Figure BDA0003781024270000072
实施例9
在25mL浓度含有浓度为1.6×10-4mol/L具有通式结构的金属卟啉(M=Cu,R1=OH,R2=NO2)二氯甲烷溶液中,加入10mmol的1-己烯和20mmol叔丁基过氧化氢,在温度为70℃下进行搅拌反应2.5h,经气相色谱分析,根据公式(1)计算得1-己烯的转化率为56%,根据公式(2)计算得1,2-环氧己烷的选择性为92%,气相色谱图为图9。
Figure BDA0003781024270000081
实施例10
在25mL含有浓度为2.4×10-5mol/L具有通式结构的金属卟啉(M=Co,R1=Br,R2=Cl)的乙腈溶液中,加入10mmol的丙烯10mmol过氧化氢,在温度为80℃下进行搅拌反应4.5h,经气相色谱分析,根据公式(1)计算得丙烯的转化率为84%,根据公式(2)计算得环氧丙烷的选择性为92%,气相色谱图为图10。
Figure BDA0003781024270000082

Claims (8)

1.一种环氧化物的制备方法,其特征在于,以烯烃为原料,加入氧化剂,有机溶剂和金属卟啉化合物催化剂,在30~120℃催化反应得到环氧化物;
所述的金属卟啉化合物催化剂结构式如式1所示:
Figure FDA0003781024260000011
其中:M为过渡金属原子Fe、Co、Mn、Cu、Zn、Ru、Cr、Mg中的一种;
R1和R2为氢、卤素、硝基、甲基、羟基或烷氧基中的一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种环氧化物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的金属卟啉化合物催化剂结构式如式1所示:
Figure FDA0003781024260000012
其中:M为过渡金属原子Fe、Mn、Co、Cu、Zn中的一种,
R1和R2均自由选择卤素、硝基或甲氧基中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种环氧化物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的氧化剂为氧气或过氧化氢或叔丁基过氧化氢。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种环氧化物的制备方法,其特征在于,当所述的氧化剂为氧气时,反应压力为0.2MPa~2.0MPa。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种环氧化物的制备方法,其特征在于,当所述的氧化剂氧化氢或叔丁基过氧化氢,所述的烯烃与氧化剂的摩尔比为1∶0.5~1∶3。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种环氧化物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的有机溶剂为乙腈、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、二氯甲烷和甲苯中的一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种环氧化物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的反应温度为50~100℃。
8.根据权利要求4所述的一种环氧化物的制备方法,其特征在于,当所述的氧化剂为氧气时,所述的反应压力为0.5~1.0MPa。
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