CN115139582B - 一种具有抗菌功能的防滑地垫 - Google Patents
一种具有抗菌功能的防滑地垫 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115139582B CN115139582B CN202210814580.2A CN202210814580A CN115139582B CN 115139582 B CN115139582 B CN 115139582B CN 202210814580 A CN202210814580 A CN 202210814580A CN 115139582 B CN115139582 B CN 115139582B
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Abstract
本发明提供一种具有抗菌功能的防滑地垫,所述防滑地垫外壳为包覆层,内部从上到下依次为带蜂窝状凹陷的纤维层、带蜂窝状凸起的改性石墨层和抗菌凝胶层;本发明所制备的防滑地垫,由硅藻土制备的包覆层,具有较强的吸水性能,能够保持环境干燥,具有显著的防滑作用,能够防止老年人跌倒;带蜂窝状凸起的改性石墨层和抗菌凝胶层之间,负载纳米氧化锌能够促进纳米二氧化钛在光照下对有机物的分解作用,不仅能够从源头上抑制了细菌真菌的生长,而且能够促进甲醛的分解,进一步改善了老年人的居住环境。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请是基于申请号为2022100412966,申请日为2022年1月13日,发明名称为一种防滑地垫及其制备方法的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明属于日常生活用品技术领域,具体涉及一种具有抗菌功能的防滑地垫。
背景技术
慢性疾病对老年人心理和生理都有重要影响,因慢性疾病所致的不适症状如身体虚弱、关节功能不全等均可使病人活动能力及应对环境中跌倒隐患的能力降低,增加老年人跌倒的风险。
对于老年人的居住环境,其地面材质以木质地板、陶瓷地砖为主,在美化了环境的同时,却也带来了日益突出的地面滑倒的安全隐患问题。已有研究表明老年慢性病患者跌倒的发生率为28.5%,患有3种及3种以上慢性病是跌倒的重要因素,而且所患慢性病种类越多,跌倒的可能性越大。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术的不足,本发明公开了一种防滑地垫及其制备方法,采用如下技术方案:
本发明的第一方面在于提供一种防滑地垫,外壳为包覆层,内部从上到下依次为带蜂窝状凹陷的纤维层、带蜂窝状凸起的石墨层和抗菌凝胶层;其中,所述带蜂窝状凹陷的纤维层与带蜂窝状凸起的石墨层通过镶嵌结合;所述包覆层通过将所述的纤维层、石墨层和抗菌凝胶层包覆,即可得到防滑地垫。
优选的,所述包覆层由80-100重量份的硅藻土、5-10重量份的黏合剂、40-60重量份的水制备而成。
进一步优选的,所述黏合剂选自环氧树脂EP-20、环氧树脂EP-51、环氧树脂EP-44中的一种。
优选的,所述带蜂窝状凹陷的纤维层由10-15重量份的竹炭纤维、3-5重量份的纳米陶晶、20-30重量份的聚酯纤维制备而成。
进一步优选的,所述带蜂窝状凹陷的纤维层的制备方法如下:将如上所述重量份的聚酯纤维加热到260℃使其熔融,加入竹炭纤维与纳米陶晶,搅拌使其混合均匀,将混合液倒入模具中,通过程序冷却,即可得到所述带蜂窝状凹陷的纤维层;其中程序冷却过程为260-200℃冷却15min,200-100℃冷却20min,并保持100℃5min,100-30℃冷却30min。
优选的,所述带蜂窝状凸起的石墨层由改性石墨制备而成;具体制备过程如下:将改性石墨与0.3重量份的黏合剂混合,后将混合液倒入模具中,在常温下风干,即可得到带蜂窝状凸起的石墨层。
进一步的,所述改性石墨由以下方法制备:将石墨和氢氧化钠溶液混合,在40℃下超声15min,过滤,用水洗涤后烘干,随后将烘干的石墨分散到硫酸锌-醋酸锌溶液中,然后超声30min,过滤,后将石墨在200℃下进行煅烧,即可得到负载纳米氧化锌的改性石墨。
进一步优选的,所述抗菌凝胶层由10-20重量份的海藻酸钠,3-5重量份是细孔硅胶、5-8重量份纳米二氧化钛和20-30重量份的水制备而成。
其中,所述抗菌凝胶层的制备方法如下:将海藻酸钠溶解在100℃的水中,然后加入细孔硅胶和纳米二氧化钛,超声40min,得到分散均匀的混合物,蒸发掉多余的水分,后将混合物倒入模具中,冷却至室温即可得到抗菌凝胶层。
本发明的第二方面在于提供一种防滑地垫的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1.将带蜂窝状凹陷的纤维层与带蜂窝状凸起的石墨层进行镶嵌结合,得到嵌合层;
S2.将硅藻土与水按照所述配比混合,然后加入黏合剂,混合均匀得到浆料;
S3.将S2所得到的浆料的一半倒入模具,先用压力板压实,后依次放入抗菌凝胶层和S1所得到的嵌合层,将剩余浆料全部倒入模具中,再用压力板压实,得到地垫;
S4.将S3所得到的地垫用120-140℃的热风机进行风干,后冷却至室温即可得到防滑地垫。
本发明的有益效果
相对于现有技术,本发明具有以下有益效果:
本发明所制备的防滑地垫,由硅藻土制备的包覆层,具有较强的吸水性能,能够保持环境干燥,具有显著的防滑作用,能够防止老年人跌倒;带蜂窝状凹陷的纤维层和带蜂窝状凸起的石墨层,通过竹炭纤维、纳米陶晶与负载纳米氧化锌的改性石墨之间的相互作用,可以极大增强防滑地垫对臭味的吸附能力,并且能够有效抑制细菌真菌的生长,使得老年人居住环境得到改善;再者,带蜂窝状凸起的石墨层和抗菌凝胶层之间,负载纳米氧化锌能够促进纳米二氧化钛在光照下对有机物的分解作用,不仅能够从源头上抑制了细菌真菌的生长,而且能够促进甲醛的分解,进一步改善了老年人的居住环境。
附图说明
图1示出了本发明实施例的结构示意图;
图中,1.包覆层;2.带蜂窝状凹陷的纤维层;3.带蜂窝状凸起的石墨层;4.抗菌凝胶层。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。
实施例
以下例子在此用于示范本发明的优选实施方案。本领域内的技术人员会明白,下述例子中披露的技术代表发明人发现的可以用于实施本发明的技术,因此可以视为实施本发明的优选方案。但是本领域内的技术人员根据本说明书应该明白,这里所公开的特定实施例可以做很多修改,仍然能得到相同的或者类似的结果,而非背离本发明的精神或范围。
除非另有定义,所有在此使用的技术和科学的术语,和本发明所属领域内的技术人员所通常理解的意思相同,在此公开引用及他们引用的材料都将以引用的方式被并入。
那些本领域内的技术人员将意识到或者通过常规试验就能了解许多这里所描述的发明的特定实施方案的许多等同技术。这些等同将被包含在权利要求书中。
实验一、
带蜂窝状凹陷的纤维层的制备下:将聚酯纤维加热到260℃使其熔融,加入竹炭纤维与纳米陶晶,搅拌使其混合均匀,将混合液倒入模具中,通过程序冷却,即可得到所述带蜂窝状凹陷的纤维层;其中程序冷却过程为260-200℃冷却15min,200-100℃冷却20min,并保持100℃5min,100-30℃冷却30min;
带蜂窝状凸起的石墨层的制备;将改性石墨与0.3重量份的黏合剂混合,后将混合液倒入模具中,在常温下风干,即可得到带蜂窝状凸起的石墨层;
改性石墨的制备:将石墨和氢氧化钠溶液混合,在40℃下超声15min,过滤,用水洗涤后烘干,随后将烘干的石墨分散到浓度分别为0.5mol/L的硫酸锌-醋酸锌溶液中,然后超声30min,过滤,后将石墨在200℃下进行煅烧,即可得到负载纳米氧化锌的改性石墨。
抗菌凝胶层的制备:将海藻酸钠溶解在100℃的水中,然后加入细孔硅胶和纳米二氧化钛,超声40min,得到分散均匀的混合物,蒸发掉多余的水分,后将混合物倒入模具中,冷却至室温即可得到抗菌凝胶层。
实施例1
一种防滑地垫,外壳为包覆层,内部从上到下依次为带蜂窝状凹陷的纤维层、带蜂窝状凸起的石墨层和抗菌凝胶层;
所述包覆层由90重量份的硅藻土、8重量份的环氧树脂EP-20、50重量份的水按照实验一的方法制备而成。
带蜂窝状凹陷的纤维层由13重量份的竹炭纤维、4重量份的纳米陶晶、25重量份的聚酯纤维按照实验一的方法制备而成。
带蜂窝状凸起的石墨层按照实验一的方法的制备而成。
抗菌凝胶层由15重量份的海藻酸钠,4重量份是细孔硅胶、6重量份纳米二氧化钛和25重量份的水按照实验一的方法制备而成。
一种防滑地垫的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.将带蜂窝状凹陷的纤维层与带蜂窝状凸起的石墨层进行镶嵌结合,得到嵌合层;
S2.将硅藻土与水按照所述配比混合,然后加入环氧树脂EP-20,混合均匀得到浆料;
S3.将S2所得到的浆料的一半倒入模具,先用压力板压实,后依次放入抗菌凝胶层和S1所得到的嵌合层,将剩余浆料全部倒入模具中,再用压力板压实,得到地垫;
S4.将S3所得到的地垫用130℃的热风机进行风干,后冷却至室温即可得到防滑地垫。
对比例1
一种防滑地垫,从上到下依次为带蜂窝状凹陷的纤维层、带蜂窝状凸起的石墨层和抗菌凝胶层;
带蜂窝状凹陷的纤维层由13重量份的竹炭纤维、4重量份的纳米陶晶、25重量份的聚酯纤维按照实验一的方法制备而成。
抗菌凝胶层由15重量份的海藻酸钠,4重量份是细孔硅胶、6重量份纳米二氧化钛和25重量份的水按照实验一的方法制备而成。
一种防滑地垫的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.将带蜂窝状凹陷的纤维层与带蜂窝状凸起的石墨层进行镶嵌结合,得到嵌合层;
S2.将环氧树脂EP-20,均匀涂覆到嵌合层上,然后将抗菌凝胶层黏合上去;即可得到防滑地垫,根据实际加工的地垫主体尺寸,利用裁切机对其进行裁切。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例1的区别在于,对比例2不含带蜂窝状凹陷的纤维层。
对比例3
对比例3与实施例1的区别在于,对比例3不含带蜂窝状凸起的石墨层。
对比例4
对比例4与实施例1的区别在于,对比例4不含抗菌凝胶层。
对比例5
对比例5与实施例1的组分相同,区别在于竹炭纤维利用等量的醋酸纤维替代。
对比例6
对比例6与实施例1的组分相同,区别在于纳米陶晶利用等量的凹凸棒土替代。
对比例7
对比例7与实施例1的组分相同,区别在于改性石墨利用等量的石墨替代。
对比例8
对比例8与实施例1的组分相同,区别在于纳米二氧化钛利用等量的纳米氧化锌替代。
对比例9
对比例9与实施例1的区别在于,对比例9的带蜂窝状凹陷的纤维层由13重量份的竹炭纤维和25重量份的聚酯纤维按照实验一的方法制备而成;带蜂窝状凸起的石墨层由石墨按照实验一的方法的制备而成;抗菌凝胶层由15重量份的海藻酸钠和25重量份的水按照实验一的方法制备而成。
对比例10
对比例10与实施例1的组分相同,区别在于改性石墨利用等量的负载纳米氧化铜的改性石墨。
负载纳米氧化铜的改性石墨的制备方法如下:
将石墨和氢氧化钠溶液混合,在40℃下超声15min,过滤,用水洗涤后烘干,随后将烘干的石墨分散到浓度分别为0.5mol/L的醋酸铜溶液中,然后超声30min,过滤,后将石墨在200℃下进行煅烧,即可得到负载纳米氧化铜的改性石墨。
对比例11
对比例11为购买自兆金塑料制品厂的防滑垫。
试验一、防滑性能测定
试验所用到的仪器:静摩擦因数测定仪:CJY,宁夏机械研究院有限责任公司;倾斜平台式防滑测试仪:TC-FH1,中国建材咸阳陶瓷研究院;摆式摩擦因数测定仪:BM-III,江苏沐阳科兴公路仪器有限公司;平面钢化玻璃:300mmx300 mm,600mmx600 mm,干燥状态下静摩擦因数0.60,湿润状态下静摩擦因数0.50四川南玻节能玻璃有限公司。
利用倾斜平台法测定α-动态临界角,试验方法参照SN/T 4132-2015;倾斜平台法等级划分如下表1所示:
表1.倾斜平台法等级划分
利用摆锤法测定β-湿润状态下摆式阻滑值,试验方法参照GB/T 37798-2019/附录B,摆锤法等级划分如下表2所示:
表2.摆锤法等级划分
水平牵引法参照G B/T 4100-2015/附录M《陶瓷砖/附录M-摩擦因数的测定》对试样湿润状态下动态阻滑性能进行测试,将滑块置于防滑垫几何中心,记录试验过程中最大水平牵引力以及滑块、防滑垫、平板玻璃之间的相对运动。以动态阻滑因数μ表示试验值,其为最大水平牵引力与滑块重力的比值。
将实施例1和对比例1-10所制备的防滑地垫按照上述方法进行防滑性能测定,结果如表3所示:
表3.防滑性能测定结果
试验二、抗菌性能测定
将实施例1和对比例1-10按照国家标准GB/T 23164-2008进行抗菌性测试,测试结果见表4。
表4.抑菌率测定结果
大肠杆菌(%) | 金黄色葡萄球菌(%) | 真菌 | |
实施例1 | 99.9 | 99.7 | 无真菌生长 |
对比例1 | 98.7 | 99.3 | 无真菌生长 |
对比例2 | 94.1 | 93.2 | 显微镜可见 |
对比例3 | 78.2 | 79.3 | 显微镜可见 |
对比例4 | 75.3 | 72.1 | 肉眼可见 |
对比例5 | 82.3 | 80.4 | 肉眼可见 |
对比例6 | 79.8 | 80.7 | 显微镜可见 |
对比例7 | 76.3 | 75.8 | 显微镜可见 |
对比例8 | 80.3 | 78.9 | 显微镜可见 |
对比例9 | 50.3 | 49.8 | 肉眼可见 |
对比例10 | 95.3 | 89.8 | 显微镜可见 |
对比例11 | 63.2 | 63.1 | 肉眼可见 |
试验三、吸附性能测定
实验1:取100mL浓度为2%的氨水溶液,倒入最高高度为100mm、直径为50mm的容器中,将该容器放置在一个连有气体检测仪的密闭试验空间中挥发,启动密闭试验空间中的小型风扇,以加速达到任意位置氨气浓度均匀;并用气体检测仪在各个检测口测试浓度值变化,直至浓度达到1.2mg/m3(1.5ppm)使立即盖上氨水容器的盖子让其停止挥发,并关闭风扇,然后将防滑地垫放入该密闭空间中,并每隔15s记录该气体检测仪上的数值,直到8min后停止记录,并计算出8min防滑地垫的氨气去除率。
实验2:取100mL浓度为2%的氨水溶液,倒入最高高度为100mm、直径为50mm的容器中,将该容器放置在一个连有气体检测仪的密闭试验空间中挥发,启动密闭试验空间中的小型风扇,以加速达到任意位置氨气浓度均匀;并用气体检测仪在各个检测口测试浓度值变化,直至浓度达到0.4mg/m3(0.5ppm)使立即盖上氨水容器的盖子让其停止挥发,同时保持小型风扇转动,然后将防滑地垫放入该密闭空间中48h,氨气浓度不足时可采用外部氨气补充仪进行补充,并控制密闭空间中氨气浓度值在0.32mg/m3±0.08mg/m3(0.4ppm±0.1ppm),当防滑地垫在密闭空间中放置48h后,取出,放在常温空气中静止48h后,按照实验1进行实验,并记录48h后的氨气去除率。
实验3:取100mL浓度为2%的甲醛水溶液,倒入最高高度为100mm、直径为50mm的容器中,将该容器放置在一个连有气体检测仪的密闭试验空间中挥发,启动密闭试验空间中的小型风扇,以加速达到任意位置甲醛浓度均匀;并用气体检测仪在各个检测口测试浓度值变化,直至浓度达到1.2mg/m3(1.5ppm)使立即盖上容器的盖子让其停止挥发,并关闭风扇,然后将防滑地垫放入该密闭空间中,并每隔15s记录该气体检测仪上的数值,直到8min后停止记录,并计算出8min防滑地垫的甲醛去除率。
将实施例1和对比例1-10所制备的防滑地垫进行以上实验,实验结果如表5所示。
表5.氨气去除率
由表3-表5的实验数据可得出,本发明所制备的防滑地垫,其包覆层、带蜂窝状凹陷的纤维层、带蜂窝状凸起的石墨层和抗菌凝胶层之间相互联系,能够有效提高防滑地垫的防滑性能和抑菌性能,并且该防滑地垫通过太阳光照,纳米二氧化钛能够分解甲醛,显著提升了甲醛吸附性能。
在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种具有抗菌功能的防滑地垫,其特征在于,所述防滑地垫外壳为包覆层,内部从上到下依次为带蜂窝状凹陷的纤维层、带蜂窝状凸起的改性石墨层和抗菌凝胶层;其中,所述包覆层由80-100重量份的硅藻土、5-10重量份的黏合剂、40-60重量份的水制备而成;
所述改性石墨层由改性石墨制备而成;所述改性石墨由以下方法制备:将石墨和氢氧化钠溶液混合,在40℃下超声15min,过滤,用水洗涤后烘干,随后将烘干的石墨分散到硫酸锌-醋酸锌溶液中,然后超声30min,过滤,后将石墨在200℃下进行煅烧,即可得到负载纳米氧化锌的改性石墨;
所述带蜂窝状凹陷的纤维层由10-15重量份的竹炭纤维、3-5重量份的纳米陶晶、20-30重量份的聚酯纤维制备而成;
所述抗菌凝胶层由10-20重量份的海藻酸钠,3-5重量份的细孔硅胶、5-8重量份的纳米二氧化钛和20-30重量份的水制备而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种具有抗菌功能的防滑地垫,其特征在于,所述带蜂窝状凹陷的纤维层的制备方法如下:将聚酯纤维加热到260℃使其熔融,加入竹炭纤维与纳米陶晶,搅拌使其混合均匀,将混合液倒入模具中,通过程序冷却,即可得到所述带蜂窝状凹陷的纤维层;其中程序冷却过程为260-200℃冷却15min,200-100℃冷却20min,并保持100℃5min,100-30℃冷却30min。
3.一种权利要求1所述的防滑地垫的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1.将带蜂窝状凹陷的纤维层与带蜂窝状凸起的改性石墨层进行镶嵌结合,得到嵌合层;
S2.将硅藻土与水混合,然后加入黏合剂,混合均匀得到浆料;
S3.将S2所得到的浆料的一半倒入模具,先用压力板压实,后依次放入抗菌凝胶层和S1所得到的嵌合层,将剩余浆料全部倒入模具中,再用压力板压实,得到地垫;
S4.将S3所得到的地垫用120-140℃的热风机进行风干,后冷却至室温即可得到防滑地垫。
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