CN115138393A - 一种原位合成的不规则mof光催化剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种原位合成的不规则mof光催化剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种原位合成的不规则MOF光催化剂及其制备方法。所述光催化剂外观呈纤维状,由改性聚丙烯腈纤维、Fe离子和有机配体构成。制备方法包括:首先配制氯化铁和有机配体的有机溶剂/水的混合溶液,然后加入含有偕胺肟基团的改性聚丙烯腈纤维,使纤维、Fe离子和有机配体同时进行反应,从而纤维上原位合成出不规则MOF光催化剂。本发明光催化剂适用于废水中有机污染物的氧化降解反应,与现有技术相比,本发明中光催化剂能够显著改善MOF光催化剂的可见光谱响应范围和光催化活性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光催化与废水处理技术领域,具体为一种用于废水中染料等有机污染物氧化降解领域的原位合成的不规则MOF光催化剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
光催化技术在废水治理领域受到广泛关注,而高效光催化剂的研发是推进其大规模产业化应用的核心问题。金属有机骨架(MOF)作为一种新兴的无机-有机杂化材料,具有金属活性位点丰富、结构多样性、比表面积大以及一定的类半导体特性,使其在光催化领域呈现出巨大的应用潜力。近年来,使用MOF光催化剂降解有机污染物方面的研究已有众多报道。如以Fe离子为中心的MIL-53,MIL-100和MIL-101等系列MOF光催化剂均能够有效氧化降解抗生素等有机污染物。但是目前的MOF光催化剂存在可见光响应范围窄、回收利用困难等不足,而且光生载流子容易复合、导带电子对溶解氧的活化能力弱,使其光催化效率处于很低的水平,严重限制了其在废水处理中的实际应用。添加H2O2等氧化剂能够提升MOF光催化体系活性,但这明显增加了废水处理成本,而提升MOF导带电子活化溶解氧能力是促进其实际应用的更有效策略。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明提供一种可用于水中染料等有机污染物处理的高效MOF光催化剂,该催化剂具有制备方法简单、成本低、光谱响应范围宽、易于回收利用和光催化效率高等特点。
本发明所采用的技术方案,是使用廉价易得、物化性能优异的偕胺肟改性聚丙烯腈纤维作为基材,与Fe源(氯化铁)、有机配体(对苯二甲酸、均苯三甲酸等)在有机溶剂/水的混合溶液中共同反应,通过原位合成法在纤维上生长出呈不规则形状的MOF光催化剂。其具体步骤为:
1)按摩尔比1∶(0.5-2.5)称取氯化铁和有机配体,依次加入到一定比例的有机溶剂/水的混合溶液中,在25℃和搅拌条件下处理5-30min。
2)称取增重率为5-30%的偕胺肟改性聚丙烯腈纤维0.4-1.0g,加入上述混合溶液中,在密闭、80-100℃和搅拌条件下反应1-9h后取出,并用乙醇和蒸馏水反复洗涤烘干后得到原位合成的不规则MOF光催化剂。
步骤1)中有机配体优选为对苯二甲酸或均苯三甲酸,有机溶剂优选为DMF和/或乙二醇,有机溶剂/水比例优选为1∶(0.5-10)。
与现有的MOF光催化剂相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
1)偕胺肟改性聚丙烯腈纤维中的羟基和氨基对Fe3+具有强配位作用,因此在原位合成时纤维配体与有机配体的竞争作用改变了MOF的生长过程,促使MOF结构转化为不规则形状。这种不规则的结构以及纤维配体的作用有效降低了MOF中心Fe3+的eg轨道电子填充数,使Fe3+电子自旋态显著降低,进而大幅增强其与O2之间的吸附键能,为MOF导带光生电子高效活化溶解氧提供了条件,从而使其光催化效率得以大幅提升。
2)偕胺肟改性聚丙烯腈纤维配体能够通过配体向金属中心的电荷转移效应(LMCT)增强MOF在可见光区的吸收性能,使其光谱响应范围拓宽至800nm,为有效利用太阳光处理废水提供了条件。
3)纤维载体具有应用方式灵活的优势,不仅克服了MOF材料在水中稳定性较低的问题,而且显著提升了光催化剂在废水处理中的回收利用性能。
附图说明
图1为本发明中所述催化剂的实施例一与常规MIL-53(Fe)及其直接负载改性聚丙烯腈纤维材料的紫外可见漫反射吸收光谱比较
图2为本发明中所述催化剂的实施例一与常规MIL-53(Fe)及其直接负载改性聚丙烯腈纤维材料的光催化活性比较(测试条件:罗丹明B染料:0.02mmol/L,体系中Fe浓度:0.1g/L,pH=6.0,温度:25℃,可见光λ>400nm)。
图3为本发明中所述催化剂的实施例二与常规MIL-100(Fe)及其直接负载改性聚丙烯腈纤维材料的光催化活性比较(测试条件:罗丹明B染料:0.02mmol/L,体系中Fe浓度:0.1g/L,pH=6.0,温度:25℃,可见光λ>400nm)。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例及附图进一步阐明本发明的内容,但这些实施例并不限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例一:
1)按摩尔比1∶1称取氯化铁和对苯二甲酸,依次加入到DMF/水体积比例为5∶3的40mL混合溶液中,在25℃和搅拌条件下处理10min。
2)称取增重率为18%的偕胺肟改性聚丙烯腈纤维0.8g,加入上述DMF/水混合溶液中,在密闭、90℃和搅拌条件下反应6h后取出,并用乙醇和蒸馏水反复洗涤烘干后得到第一种原位合成的不规则MOF光催化剂。
催化剂铁含量的测定:准确称取0.05g催化剂,溶于15mL浓HNO3溶液24h后,直至无色,使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)测定溶液中的铁浓度,并依此计算出催化剂上铁含量为10.2mg/g。
实施例二:
1)按摩尔比1∶1.5称取氯化铁和均苯三甲酸,依次加入到乙二醇/DMF/水体积比例为1∶1∶5.5的60mL混合溶液中,在25℃和搅拌条件下处理10min。
2)称取增重率为18%的偕胺肟改性聚丙烯腈纤维0.8g,加入上述混合溶液中,在密闭、85℃和搅拌条件下反应2h后取出,并用乙醇和蒸馏水反复洗涤烘干后得到第二种原位合成的不规则MOF光催化剂。
经测定和计算,催化剂上铁含量为11.5mg/g。
实施例三:
将实施例一步骤1)中氯化铁和对苯二甲酸摩尔比调整为1∶0.5,其余同实施例一,得到第三种原位合成的不规则MOF光催化剂。经测定和计算,催化剂上铁含量为16.8mg/g。
实施例四:
将实施例二步骤1)中氯化铁和均苯三甲酸摩尔比调整为1∶1,其余同实施例二,得到第四种原位合成的不规则MOF光催化剂。经测定和计算,催化剂上铁含量为7.6mg/g。
本发明中光催化剂的优势说明:首先采用氯化铁和对苯二甲酸作为原料,参照文献(Dongbo Wang,et al.Simultaneously efficient adsorption and photocatalyticdegradation of tetracycline by Fe-based MOFs.J.Colloid Inter.Sci.519(2018)273-284)中方法合成了常规MIL-53(Fe)光催化剂,然后将MIL-53(Fe)与改性聚丙烯腈纤维在密闭、90℃和搅拌条件下反应制备了MIL-53(Fe)直接负载改性聚丙烯腈纤维材料。从图1可以看出,本发明中的实施例一的光吸收性能远优于常规MIL-53(Fe)光催化剂及其直接负载改性聚丙烯腈纤维材料,其在400-800nm范围内均显示出很强的吸收,这应该归因于原位合成过程中纤维配体与Fe3+中心形成的强配位结构,从而通过LMCT效应增强了可见光区的吸收性能。
选取罗丹明B作为目标染料,对实施例一与常规MIL-53(Fe)光催化剂及其直接负载改性聚丙烯腈纤维材料的光催化活性进行比较。具体方法是:将光催化剂置于染料的水溶液中,使其在可见光照射条件下进行光催化降解反应,根据染料浓度的变化计算其降解率,并以此评价各催化剂的光催化活性。从图2可以看出,常规MIL-53(Fe)光催化剂及其直接负载改性聚丙烯腈纤维材料的光催化活性均处于较低水平,反应100min后染料降解率分别只有12.0%和26.9%;本发明实施例一则显示出极高的光催化活性,反应100min后染料降解率达到86.9%。
图3显示,实施例二的光催化活性明显优于常规MIL-100(Fe)光催化剂(参照上述文献制备)及其直接负载改性聚丙烯腈纤维材料的光催化活性。这证实本发明所提供的原位合成不规则结构MOF光催化剂的方法,在提升MOF光催化剂活性方面具有一定的普适性,使其在工业化应用中有望获得明显的经济效益。
Claims (4)
1.一种原位合成的不规则MOF光催化剂,其特征在于该催化剂呈纤维状,由偕胺肟改性聚丙烯腈纤维、Fe3+和有机配体构成,通过将改性聚丙烯腈纤维、氯化铁和有机配体置于有机溶剂/水的混合溶液中进行原位合成的方法制备。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的原位合成的不规则MOF光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于具有如下步骤:
1)按摩尔比1∶(0.5-2.5)称取氯化铁和有机配体,依次加入到一定比例的有机溶剂/水的混合溶液中,在25℃和搅拌条件下处理5-30min。
2)称取增重率为5-30%的偕胺肟改性聚丙烯腈纤维0.4-1.0g,加入步骤1)得到的混合溶液中,在密闭、80-100℃和搅拌条件下反应1-9h后取出,并用乙醇和蒸馏水反复洗涤烘干后得到原位合成的不规则MOF光催化剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的原位合成的不规则MOF光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机配体优选为对苯二甲酸或均苯二甲酸。
4.根据权利要求2所述的原位合成的不规则MOF光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂优选为DMF和/或乙二醇,有机溶剂/水体积比优选为1∶(0.5-10)。
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