CN115128072A - Biofouling evaluation experimental device and method - Google Patents

Biofouling evaluation experimental device and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115128072A
CN115128072A CN202210756118.1A CN202210756118A CN115128072A CN 115128072 A CN115128072 A CN 115128072A CN 202210756118 A CN202210756118 A CN 202210756118A CN 115128072 A CN115128072 A CN 115128072A
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water
biofouling
filter
water tank
water inlet
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曹京宜
杨延格
洪鹤庭
张寒露
赵伊
臧柏林
殷文昌
冯亚菲
李亮
褚广哲
方志刚
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Chinese People's Liberation Army 92228
Institute of Metal Research of CAS
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Chinese People's Liberation Army 92228
Institute of Metal Research of CAS
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of biofouling research, and particularly relates to an experimental device and method for biofouling evaluation. The experimental device for evaluating biofouling comprises a circulating filtration system, an illumination system, a biological culture system and an adhesion test evaluation system, and can evaluate the biofouling condition and the anti-biofouling capability of a material sample plate placed in the culture device in real time on line. The invention provides an experimental device and method capable of culturing aquatic organisms in water bodies such as ocean, fresh water and the like and evaluating the anti-biofouling capacity of materials under different water body environments, overcomes the defect that the existing experimental device and method are difficult to truly reflect the biofouling condition under the natural environment, solves the problem of evaluating the anti-biofouling capacity of the surfaces of different materials in the seawater and the fresh water, can simultaneously culture various types of aquatic organisms, and can realize the on-line real-time anti-fouling performance evaluation of the materials.

Description

Biofouling evaluation experimental device and method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biofouling research, and particularly relates to an experimental device and method for biofouling evaluation.
Background
Biofouling refers to the accumulation of living organisms on submerged surfaces, which is most common in seawater environments, such as large-area attachment of marine organisms such as seaweeds and mussels to the bottom of ships, and also relates to the attachment pollution of equipment probes such as water quality monitoring (such as dissolved oxygen monitoring, pH value monitoring, temperature monitoring and the like) to freshwater algae such as short-downy algae and gossypium hirsutum. The biological fouling has great harm to ocean and fresh water equipment, the ship speed of ocean ships can be directly reduced, the fuel consumption is accelerated, the corrosion of ship bottom metal can also be directly accelerated by attached substances secreted by organisms, the service safety of the ships is threatened, the measured data can be directly distorted due to the biological fouling of measuring equipment in fresh water culture, the decision of culture personnel and the delivery of nutrient substances are influenced, and a large amount of manpower and financial resources are consumed to remove dirt on a sensor every year.
The prevention of biofouling is a 'world-level' problem focused by experts and scholars at home and abroad, and the evaluation of biofouling is very important due to the diversity and complexity of biological species. The evaluation of biofouling at home and abroad is mainly carried out by two methods: actual field testing and laboratory simulations. The actual field test can truly reflect the anti-biofouling effect of the developed material, but the test cost is high, the risk is high, the period is long, and more importantly, the effect on certain fouling organisms cannot be accurately determined, so that the development of the biofouling evaluation of the simulated environment in the laboratory is very important.
In a traditional laboratory biofouling simulation, indexes such as a hydrophobic angle and the like are adopted to indirectly reflect the antifouling capacity of a material, or a culture solution containing certain specific organisms (such as algae, bacteria and the like) is adopted to research the antifouling capacity of the material, so that a real biofouling environment is difficult to simulate, and the anti-adhesion capacity of the prepared material cannot be evaluated in real time.
Disclosure of Invention
The experimental device provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in operation and low operation cost, can truly reflect the biological fouling condition in the natural environment, realizes the culture of the aquatic organisms in the whole water area, realizes the on-line evaluation of the attachment amount and fouling condition of the organisms on the surfaces of different materials, and can be used for evaluating the biological fouling resistance of different materials.
Specifically, the biofouling evaluation experiment device comprises a circulating filtration system, an illumination system, a biological culture system and an adhesion test evaluation system.
The biological culture system comprises a water tank, an oxygen supply air pump, a temperature controller and a thermometer, wherein the water tank is made of transparent materials such as ultra-white glass, and the side surface of the water tank can be provided with an overflow hole so as to conveniently replace water in the tank. Oxygen supply air pump, thermostat, thermometer set up inside the jar, through the temperature of the water temperature in the thermostat control system to the temperature that is most suitable aquatic organism to grow, through thermometer monitoring water temperature, provide oxygen for the biology in the biological culture system through small-size oxygen supply air pump.
The water tank is internally provided with a water sample of a water body to be researched, which can be a fresh water sample or a seawater sample, and also comprises an introduction substrate (attached with a substrate of aquatic organisms capable of causing biological fouling, such as algae, stones, stock solution and the like) and common aquatic organisms (referring to organisms which can survive in the water body environment to be researched and provide nutrient substances for an ecosystem), so that a simple ecosystem is formed, and long-time adhesion test and observation can be carried out.
Preferably, the heating device of the temperature controller is a heating rod made of explosion-proof quartz glass, so that the heating safety can be improved.
The circulating filtration system comprises a water inlet pipe, a filter vat, a water pump and a water outlet pipe, wherein filter cotton or/and biochemical filter materials are arranged in the filter vat, physical or/and biochemical filtration can be carried out on water entering the filter vat, the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are communicated with the inside of the filter vat and the water tank, the water pump is arranged at the water inlet pipe, the water pump pumps out water in the water tank during operation of the circulating filtration system, and the water is returned to the inside of the experimental system through the water outlet pipe after physical and biochemical filtration in the filter vat.
One construction of filter vat that may be employed is as follows: the biochemical filter material partition plate is arranged at the lower end in the filter barrel, the plurality of water inlet grids are arranged on the upper portion of the biochemical filter material partition plate in the filter barrel, the water inlet grids are mutually separated by grids, and filter cotton is arranged in the water inlet grids.
Set up discharge valve on the bung, discharge valve air inlet and the inside intercommunication of filter vat, the gas outlet intercommunication filter vat is outside.
The water inlet pipe one end intercommunication inlet tube, the other end accesss to biochemical filter media baffle bottom, and the water that the inlet pipe will get into the filter vat is introduced biochemical baffle bottom, and the water that gets into the filter vat is from supreme filtration through the filter pulp on biochemical filter media baffle and a plurality of water grids down, gets back to in the jar via the outlet pipe of top intercommunication.
When the filter vat is used, the water inlet pipe is firstly inserted into water, the exhaust valve on the vat cover is opened, the filter vat is vacuumized through the exhaust valve by means of modes such as an air pump and the like, water enters the filter vat and fills the filter vat through the siphon principle, and then the water pump is opened, so that circulating filtration can be started.
The filter barrel can simultaneously realize biochemical filtration of biochemical filter materials and physical filtration of filter cotton, realizes multiple purposes of one barrel, does not damage the integral structure of the water tank, can be integrally arranged outside the water tank, and is flexible in configuration. The mode that can also adopt many barrels to establish ties, the outlet pipe of last filter vat communicates the inlet tube of next filter vat promptly, inside last filter vat outlet pipe intercommunication jar, can infinitely increase filtration space in theory, filtration efficiency is high, low cost.
The filter vat can set up waterproof ultraviolet lamp in, can open as required for eliminate partial plankton in aqueous, the filter vat outer wall adopts the shading material to carry out the light-resistant processing simultaneously, can not lead to the fact the influence to the periphery after opening.
The adhesion test evaluation system comprises a bracket, a slide rail and a high-speed camera. The bracket is arranged above or in the water tank and used for fixing a sample, and the sample can be suspended and fixed on the bracket by a thread or a plastic clamp and placed in water. The slide rail is arranged near the outside of the water tank, and the high-speed camera is arranged on the slide rail and can slide through the slide rail. Specifically, the slide rail can be a screw rod sliding table type slide rail mechanism arranged on a tripod, and the high-speed camera can move and rotate conveniently.
The illumination system is a full-spectrum LED lamp with adjustable brightness, is arranged above or around the water tank, and can adapt to illumination requirements of different aquatic organisms for growth or simulate illumination of actual sunrise and sunset through adjustment of wavelength and brightness.
The experimental device is particularly applied to the aspects of culturing common easily-attached aquatic organisms and evaluating the biofouling prevention performance of materials, and the method for carrying out the experiment by adopting the experimental device comprises the following steps:
s1: collecting water sample and aquatic organism-attached seeding matrix (such as algae stone) according to water environment to be researched, putting the seeding matrix into a water tank, and simultaneously injecting the water sample into the tank; if the overflow hole is arranged, the water level line is required to be kept lower than the overflow port so as to prevent the water sample from flowing out.
S2: and (3) opening a circulating filtration system, starting a temperature controller and an oxygen supply air pump, and putting a plurality of common aquatic organisms into the water tank after the environment (including water flow rate, temperature, oxygen content and the like) of the water sample in the water tank is stable. For example, if a freshwater body is to be researched, the common aquatic organisms can be grass goldfish, about 1 to 10 pieces of grass goldfish are put in the grass goldfish, and the length of each piece of grass goldfish can be about 3 to 5 cm.
Preferably, the temperature controller controls the environment temperature in the water tank to be 0-35 ℃ and covers most of the water body temperature. In winter, the heating mode can be started to prevent organisms from dying due to low temperature; the cooling mode can be started in summer to prevent the death of organisms due to overhigh temperature. Meanwhile, the user can set the temperature controller to be at the designated temperature, so that the temperature in the cylinder is kept constant, and the temperature is not influenced by the temperature difference of the external environment.
S3: the wavelength and the brightness of an illumination system are adjusted to provide illumination for the growth of aquatic organisms, the water tank is placed under the illumination to culture the aquatic organisms, the excrement and the like of common aquatic organisms provide nutrition for an ecological system, and the culture of the aquatic organisms and the introduction of common microorganisms are completed through introduction matrixes such as algae and stones collected in a specific water body environment.
By adjusting the color temperature, the wave band, the illumination intensity, the illumination time and the like of the lamps of the illumination system, sunrise and sunset can be simulated, for example, the illumination/dark time of 8/16h is set, or the illumination which is most suitable for the growth of the required organisms can be adjusted to realize the effect of accelerating the cultivation.
S4: the material sample plate to be tested is hung in water through a bracket, the slide rail is adjusted to enable the sample plate to be positioned in a view-finding frame of a high-speed camera, a picture on the surface of the material sample plate is captured through the high-speed camera, and the microorganism adhesion condition on the surface of the material sample plate is observed.
S5: the biofouling prevention ability of the material sample was evaluated according to the kind of biofouling organisms attached to the surface of the material sample, the size of the area to which the biofouling organisms are attached, and the like. In addition, the growth condition of the microorganisms can be judged according to the biological condition attached to the wall of the water cylinder and the color of the water body.
The high-speed camera is applied to the field for the first time, the attachment process and the macroscopic attachment mechanism of the aquatic organisms can be observed through pictures shot by the high-speed camera, and the biological attachment condition and the anti-biological fouling capability of the material sample plate placed in the culture device are evaluated in real time on line by adopting a mode that the camera is matched with built-in software.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides an experimental device and method which can culture aquatic organisms in water bodies such as ocean, fresh water and the like and evaluate the anti-biological fouling capacity of materials under different water body environments, and overcomes the defect that the existing experimental device and method are difficult to reflect the biological fouling condition under the natural environment. The experimental device designed by the invention has the advantages of simple manufacturing method, low price, convenient operation, no need of professional electric equipment, suitability for indoor simulation experiments, solving the problem of evaluation of the biological fouling resistance of the surfaces of different materials in seawater and fresh water, being capable of simultaneously culturing various aquatic organisms and realizing the online real-time evaluation of the antifouling performance of the materials.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a view showing the overall configuration of an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a side view of an apparatus in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a filter vat according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-water tank, 2-oxygen supply air pump, 3-temperature controller, 4-bracket, 5-slide rail, 6-high speed camera, 7-sample plate, 8-tripod, 9-lamp, 10-water inlet pipe, 11-filter barrel, 12-water outlet pipe, 13-quick connection elbow, 14-biochemical filter material partition board, 15-water inlet grid, 16-grid, 17-water inlet conduit, 18-exhaust valve, 19-seed guiding matrix and 20-goldfish.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples. The materials and equipment used in the examples of the present invention are conventional in the art, unless otherwise specified.
As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the present embodiment provides an experimental apparatus for simultaneously completing the cultivation of common aquatic organisms and the capture and recording of the biological adhesion on the surfaces of different materials, and further evaluating the anti-biofouling capability of the materials, which comprises a circulating filtration system, an illumination system, a biological cultivation system and an adhesion test evaluation system.
The biological culture system comprises an ultra-white glass water tank 1, an oxygen supply air pump 2, a temperature controller 3 and a thermometer, wherein the water tank is a cuboid with a volume of 65L, common plankton and periphyton can be cultured respectively, and the side surface of the water tank is provided with an overflow hole with the diameter of 2.5cm so as to replace the water in the tank conveniently.
Oxygen supply air pump, thermostat, thermometer set up inside the jar, through the temperature of the water temperature in the thermostat control system to the temperature that is most suitable aquatic organism to grow, through thermometer (not drawn in the picture) monitoring water temperature, provide oxygen for the biology in the biological culture system through small-size oxygen supply air pump.
The outer wall of the temperature controller and the heating rod are made of high-strength explosion-proof quartz glass, the inner part of the temperature controller is made of a nickel-chromium alloy resistance wire and an R22 refrigerant, and the temperature controller is internally provided with an HIC constant temperature chip which can accurately control the temperature of the water body.
The adhesion test evaluation system comprises a bracket 4, a slide rail 5 and a high-speed camera 6. In this embodiment, the bracket is two corrosion resistant plate that block in jar top both sides, and the centre is connected fixedly through the metal wire. The material sample plate 7 of the experiment is two metal blocks made of different materials, and the material sample plate is suspended below the bracket through a plastic clamp and a fishing line and is immersed in the water tank.
The slide rail sets up near the jar is outside, the slide rail is the slide rail mechanism that electronic ball and slip table are constituteed, and the slip table can be according to required distance automatic movement of shooing, is provided with the buckle on the slip table, during high-speed camera was fixed in the buckle on the slip table, buckle and high-speed camera had three degree of freedom on the slip table, can the rotation of arbitrary position. The slide rail below is through the stable support of tripod 8. The high-speed camera can be easily moved through the sliding rail, and the moving distance can be accurately controlled.
The illumination system is a group of full-spectrum LED lamps 9, and can provide 28 kinds of light with different wavelengths and 0-100% brightness to adapt to illumination requirements of different aquatic organisms for growth. The built-in controller of lamps and lanterns can realize fresh water, biological full coverage formula cultivation of sea water through functions such as its illumination intensity of cell-phone APP control, illumination spectrum wave band and time switch, can provide different illumination for different living beings, perhaps the sunrise sunset under indoor simulation real environment.
The circulating filtration system comprises a water inlet pipe 10, a filter barrel 11, a water pump and a water outlet pipe 12, wherein the filter barrel is a cylinder with a cover and a radius of 15cm and a height of 40cm, the top of the filter barrel is provided with a water outlet with a diameter of 2cm, the water outlet is communicated with the water outlet pipe through a quick-connection elbow 13, the bottom of the filter barrel is provided with a water inlet with a diameter of 2cm, and the installation positions of the water inlet and the water outlet are staggered. The water pump is not shown in the figures, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the water pump may be placed on the water inlet pipe to allow water in the water tank to be drawn into the water inlet pipe and flow back to the water tank through the filter drum and the water outlet pipe to allow circulating filtration.
The perspective structure in the filtering barrel is shown in fig. 3, the biochemical filter material partition plate 14 is arranged at the lower end in the filtering barrel, a plurality of water inlet grids 15 are arranged on the biochemical filter material partition plate, the water inlet grids are separated by grids 16, and filter cotton is arranged in the water inlet grids. One end of the water inlet conduit 17 is communicated with the water inlet pipe, and the other end of the water inlet conduit enters the bottom of the filter barrel through the water inlet and leads to the bottom of the biochemical filter material partition plate. The water inlet guide pipe leads the water entering the filter barrel into the bottom of the biochemical partition plate, and the water entering the filter barrel is filtered by the biochemical filter material partition plate and the filter cotton on the plurality of water inlet grids from bottom to top and then returns to the water tank through the water outlet pipe.
When the filter vat and the circulating system are applied, the water inlet pipe is firstly inserted into water, the exhaust valve 18 on the vat cover is opened, the filter vat is vacuumized through the exhaust valve by means of air pumps and the like, water enters the filter vat and fills the filter vat through the siphon principle, and then the water pump is opened, so that circulating filtration can be started.
The operation steps of the experimental device are as follows:
s1, firstly, collecting a water sample and stones with periphyton as an introduction substrate 19, putting the stones into a water tank, and injecting the water sample.
In the embodiment, the seeding matrix is a stone attached to the water area to be tested and the aquatic organisms to be evaluated, and other seeding matrices from the test coast or river bank, such as algae stone, stock solution and the like, can also be adopted by the technical personnel in the field.
And S2, starting the circulating filtration system, starting the temperature controller and the oxygen supply air pump, and after the circulating filtration system runs for 3-4 hours and the environment of the water sample in the water tank is stable, throwing common aquatic organisms, namely 3-5cm of the grass carp 20 (the grass carp cannot be too small to be sucked by the filtration system).
S3, setting parameters such as switching time, illumination intensity and illumination wave band of the full-spectrum LED lamp according to experimental simulation requirements, providing illumination for growth of aquatic organisms, and placing the water tank under the illumination for culture of the aquatic organisms.
S4, the sample plates of the material in the experiment are two metal blocks made of different materials, and the sample plates are suspended below the bracket through fishing lines and immersed in water. And adjusting the slide rail to enable the sample to be positioned in a view-finding frame of the high-speed camera, and observing the adhesion condition of the microorganisms on the surface of the flitch through the picture captured by the high-speed camera.
S5, the biofouling prevention ability is evaluated based on the kind of the biofouling organisms on the surface of the material template, the size of the area to be fouled, and the like. In addition, the growth condition of the microorganisms can be judged according to the biological condition attached to the wall of the water cylinder and the color of the water body.
Compared with other anti-adhesion test experimental devices and methods, the device and the method can reduce different water areas, such as original water flow, water temperature and illumination attenuation environments of oceans and rivers, by adjusting the wave bands of different lights and simulating the water environment states, so that the obtained data is more accurate, the culture of common plankton and periphyton can be completed simultaneously, and the biofouling condition under the natural environment can be better simulated.

Claims (10)

1. A biofouling evaluation experimental apparatus is characterized by comprising a circulating filtration system, an illumination system, a biological culture system and an adhesion test evaluation system;
the biological culture system comprises a water tank, an oxygen supply air pump, a temperature controller and a thermometer, wherein the oxygen supply air pump, the temperature controller and the thermometer are arranged in the water tank; the inside of the water vat is filled with a fresh water or seawater sample;
the circulating filtration system comprises a water inlet pipe, a filter barrel, a water pump and a water outlet pipe, wherein filter cotton or/and biochemical filter materials are arranged in the filter barrel, physical or/and biochemical filtration can be performed on water entering the filter barrel, the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are communicated with the interior of the filter barrel and the interior of a water tank, and the water pump is arranged at the water inlet pipe;
the adhesion test evaluation system comprises a bracket, a slide rail and a high-speed camera, wherein the bracket is arranged above or in the water tank and used for fixing a sample; the sliding rail is arranged near the outer part of the water cylinder, and the high-speed camera is arranged on the sliding rail and can slide through the sliding rail;
the illumination system is a full-spectrum LED lamp with adjustable brightness and is arranged above the water tank or around the water tank.
2. The biofouling evaluation test apparatus of claim 1, wherein the water tank comprises an introduction substrate and a common aquatic organism.
3. The biofouling evaluation experimental apparatus of claim 1, wherein the filter vat comprises a water inlet conduit, a biochemical filter material partition plate, a plurality of water inlet cells, a vat cover, and an exhaust valve, the biochemical filter material partition plate is disposed at the lower end of the filter vat, one end of the water inlet conduit is communicated with a water inlet pipe, and the other end of the water inlet conduit is communicated with the bottom of the biochemical filter material partition plate;
the water inlet grids are arranged above the biochemical filter material partition plate in the filter barrel, the water inlet grids are separated by grids, and filter cotton is arranged in the water inlet grids;
set up discharge valve on the bung, discharge valve air inlet and the inside intercommunication of filter vat, the gas outlet intercommunication filter vat is outside.
4. The biofouling evaluation test apparatus of claim 1, wherein the heating device of the temperature controller is a heating rod made of explosion-proof quartz glass.
5. The nondestructive evaluation testing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the slide rail is a screw slide table type slide rail mechanism provided on a tripod.
6. The biofouling evaluation test apparatus of claim 1, wherein a waterproof ultraviolet lamp is disposed in the filter tank, and a light-shielding material is used for the outer wall of the filter tank.
7. The biofouling evaluation test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the slide rail is a slide rail mechanism composed of an electric ball screw and a slide table, the slide table can automatically move according to a required photographing distance, a buckle is disposed on the slide table, and the high-speed camera is fixed in the buckle on the slide table.
8. An experimental method using the experimental device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1: collecting a water sample and a matrix attached with aquatic organisms according to the water body environment to be researched, putting the matrix into a water tank, and simultaneously injecting the water sample into the tank;
s2: opening a circulating filtration system, starting a temperature controller and an oxygen supply air pump, and putting a plurality of common aquatic organisms into the water tank after the environment of the water sample in the water tank is stable;
s3: adjusting the wavelength and brightness of the illumination system to provide illumination for the growth of aquatic organisms, and placing the water tank under the illumination to culture the aquatic organisms;
s4: the method comprises the following steps that a material sample plate to be tested is hung in water through a bracket, a slide rail is adjusted to enable the sample plate to be positioned in a view-finding frame of a high-speed camera, a picture on the surface of the material sample plate is captured through the high-speed camera, and the microorganism adhesion condition on the surface of the material sample plate is observed;
s5: and (4) evaluating the biofouling prevention capability of the material sample plate according to the biofouling condition on the surface of the material sample plate.
9. The assay of claim 7, wherein said biological attachment conditions of step S5 include the type of attached organism and the area of the material template surface to which it is attached.
10. The experimental method of claim 7, wherein the temperature controller controls the ambient temperature in the water tank to 0-35 ℃, and the light/dark time of the light system is set to 8/16 h.
CN202210756118.1A 2022-06-30 2022-06-30 Biofouling evaluation experimental device and method Pending CN115128072A (en)

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