CN109275560B - System and method for researching long-term acidification adaptability of large marine algae - Google Patents
System and method for researching long-term acidification adaptability of large marine algae Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A system and a research method for researching long-term acidification adaptability of large marine algae belong to the field of algae physiological ecology and comprise a breeding workshop and a workshop long-flow water system, wherein the site of the workshop is selected within 1km from a natural sea area, and the roof of the workshop is a translucent glass reinforced plastic tile; the workshop long running water system consists of a water storage tank, a carbon dioxide enrichment pool and an algae culture pool; the water in the reservoir is led from a natural sea area, the reservoir, the carbon dioxide enrichment pool and the algae culture pool are communicated by a drainage tube, and the drainage tube is provided with a valve to control the water inflow and the water discharge; a carbon dioxide enriching device is arranged in the carbon dioxide enriching pool, and the pH value of the seawater is adjusted by an aeration method; the invention establishes a relatively stable macroalgae seawater acidification culture system by a method of communicating a workshop continuous water carbon dioxide enrichment system with a natural sea area, and realizes pilot scale research on the long-term acidification adaptability of macroalgae under natural conditions by utilizing the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of marine environment monitoring, and particularly relates to a system and a method for researching long-term acidification adaptability of large marine algae.
Background
Carbon dioxide (CO) in the atmosphere, which is influenced by global climate change and human activities2) The amount of emissions continues to increase. The ocean acts as a natural carbon dioxide reservoir, absorbing about 30% of the total carbon dioxide emitted by humans, causing the phenomenon of ocean acidification. Since the industrial revolution, the marine surface pH has dropped by 0.1 units. By 2100, this value is expected to drop further by 0.3 to 0.4 units. The increase of seawater acidity changes the balance of seawater chemistry, and makes various marine organisms and even ecosystems which depend on chemical environmental stability face huge threats. During the irreversible marine acidification process, algae must be physiologically and biochemically and molecularly regulated to accommodate the increasing demandIncreased stress.
The large green algae, brown algae and red algae are collectively called as 'seaweed', are main components of near-shore primary productivity, and have important carbon fixation and seawater chemical system regulation functions; the large seaweed is also a main supporter of a near-shore 'submarine forest', and can provide a hatching base and a shelter for juvenile fish, invertebrates, corals and the like. Different species of macroalgae communities in the coastal ecosystem occupy different ecological niches, have different physiological habits and have different ecological functions. Therefore, the development of marine acidification has important ecological theoretical significance and practical value for the research of the biological response mechanism of macroalgae.
At present, the research on the marine acidification of the macroalgae mainly focuses on short-term simulation experiments at a laboratory level, and the research finds that the marine acidification has positive and negative dual effects on the growth and development of the macroalgae, and the response and adaptability of different species of algae to the acidification are remarkably different. However, more and more researches find that indoor simulation experiments have space limitation, the experimental period is short, and the physiological adaptability of algae to ocean acidification under natural conditions is difficult to reflect; on the other hand, although a few foreign scholars use the pH difference of the natural sea area to carry out long-term adaptability research, the maintenance of a relatively stable seawater carbonate system is difficult, and the experimental repeatability is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of establishing a relatively stable large-scale marine algae long-term acidification adaptability research system and a research method. The invention establishes a relatively stable macroalgae seawater acidification culture system by a method of communicating a workshop continuous water carbon dioxide enrichment system with a natural sea area, and realizes pilot scale research on the long-term acidification adaptability of macroalgae under natural conditions by utilizing the system.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a large-scale marine algae long-term acidification adaptability research system comprises a cultivation workshop and a workshop long-flowing water system;
(1) and (3) breeding workshops: the workshop is arranged within 1km from the natural sea area, and the roof of the workshop is a semitransparent glass fiber reinforced plastic tile;
the workshop site selection is within 1km from the natural sea area, so that natural seawater is pumped into the workshop, a long-flow water system of the workshop is communicated with the natural sea area, and the seawater temperature is kept consistent.
The workshop roof is built by adopting semitransparent glass fiber reinforced plastic tiles so as to realize that the illumination intensity of the sea area macroalgae culture area is consistent with the culture light intensity of the workshop long-flowing water culture system.
(2) Workshop long flowing water system: the workshop long-flowing water system comprises a reservoir, a carbon dioxide enrichment pool and an algae culture pool; the three parts are communicated by a drainage tube, and the drainage tube is provided with a valve to control the water inflow and the water discharge; a carbon dioxide enriching device is arranged in the carbon dioxide enriching pool, and the pH value of the seawater is adjusted by adopting an aeration method of the carbon dioxide enriching device;
further, the length, width and height of the reservoir are respectively 4m, 2m and 2m, and a submersible pump is adopted to pump seawater from a natural sea area into the reservoir; the length, the width and the height of the carbon dioxide enriching pool are respectively 4m, 2m and 1m, and after seawater in the reservoir is introduced into the carbon dioxide enriching pool, the pH value of the seawater is adjusted by adopting an aeration method of a carbon dioxide enriching device; the length, width and height of the algae culture pond are respectively 1m, 4m and 0.6m, and seawater with stable pH value in the carbon dioxide enrichment pond enters the algae culture pond through a drainage tube.
The three parts are communicated by a drainage tube, and the drainage tube is provided with a valve to control the water inflow and the water discharge. By adopting the operation, the long-distance water flow system of the workshop is communicated with the natural sea area, and the water temperatures of the long-distance water flow system and the natural sea area are kept consistent.
The invention also provides an operation method of the system, which comprises the following specific steps:
(1) putting algae to be tested into the algae culture pond;
(2) different gradient pH values are set in the carbon dioxide enriching pool, and the adjustment of the pH value is maintained by adopting a carbon dioxide enriching device inflation method;
(3) the flow speed among the water storage tank, the carbon dioxide enrichment pool and the algae culture pool is controlled by adjusting the size of a valve configured on the drainage tube, and the culture density of algae is controlled at the same time, so that the pH value in the algae culture pool and the carbon dioxide enrichment pool is kept stable.
Further, when the length, the width and the height of the reservoir are respectively 4m, 2m and 2 m; the length, width and height of the carbon dioxide enrichment pool are respectively 4m, 2m and 1 m; when the length, width and height of the algae culture pond are 1m, 4m and 0.6m respectively, the flowing speed among the water storage tank, the carbon dioxide enrichment pond and the algae culture pond is 2.5L/min; meanwhile, in order to reduce the influence of algae respiration and photosynthesis on seawater pH, the culture density of the algae is not more than 5g FW L-1。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method, a workshop long-flowing water acidification culture system is set up to carry out the research on the long-term acidification adaptability of the macroalgae, and 1) compared with an indoor short-term acidification simulation experiment, the system disclosed by the invention limits the site selection distance and is provided with a translucent glass fiber reinforced plastic tile ceiling, so that the illumination intensity in the system is basically consistent with that of a natural sea area; meanwhile, the culture system is adopted for long-flowing water culture and is communicated with natural seawater, so that the water temperature in the system is basically consistent with that of a natural sea area, and the physiological adaptability of algae to long-term seawater acidification under natural conditions is reflected more truly;
2) the method adjusts the pH value of seawater in the carbon dioxide enrichment pool by a carbon dioxide enrichment device aeration method, sets a mixed gas of carbon dioxide and air with a certain proportion of concentration by the carbon dioxide enrichment device, pumps the mixed gas into seawater by the carbon dioxide enrichment device, achieves a preset pH level by detecting the change of the pH value of the seawater in real time, and maintains the preset change range of the pH value of the seawater to be less than 0.1. Compared with a sea area natural acidification sea area experiment, the system can more accurately control and detect the pH value of the seawater;
3) the technical scheme of the invention provides important reference for carrying out the research on the long-term acidification adaptability of the macroalgae at home and abroad, and the obtained physiological experiment data provides important data support for constructing a model for marine algae to cope with future climate change.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a long-run acidification culture system of a workshop;
FIG. 2 pH levels of a plant continuous flow water differential acidification culture system;
FIG. 3 shows the results of culturing sea tangle with different acidification systems;
FIG. 4 is a comparison of the long-flow water system of the workshop with the temperature of the Unicom sea area;
FIG. 5 light intensity comparison between long-flow water system in workshop and communicating sea area.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited in any way by the examples.
Example 1
A large-scale marine algae long-term acidification adaptability research system comprises a cultivation workshop and a workshop long-flowing water system;
(1) and (3) breeding workshops: the breeding workshop is arranged within 1km away from the natural sea area, and the roof of the breeding workshop is made of semitransparent glass fiber reinforced plastic tiles;
the workshop site selection is within 1km from the natural sea area, so that natural seawater is pumped into the workshop, a long-flow water system of the workshop is communicated with the natural sea area, and the seawater temperature is kept consistent.
The workshop roof is built by adopting semitransparent glass fiber reinforced plastic tiles so as to realize that the illumination intensity of the sea area macroalgae culture area is consistent with the culture light intensity of the workshop long-flowing water culture system.
(2) Workshop long flowing water system: the workshop long-flowing water system comprises a reservoir, a carbon dioxide enrichment pool and an algae culture pool; the water storage pool, the carbon dioxide enrichment pool and the algae culture pool are communicated by adopting a drainage tube, and the drainage tube is provided with a valve to control the water inflow and the water discharge; a carbon dioxide enriching device is arranged in the carbon dioxide enriching pool, and the pH value of the seawater is adjusted by an aeration method;
the length, width and height of the reservoir are respectively 4m, 2m and 2m, and a submersible pump is adopted to pump seawater from a natural sea area into the reservoir; the length, the width and the height of the carbon dioxide enriching pool are respectively 4m, 2m and 1m, and after water in the reservoir is introduced into the carbon dioxide enriching pool, the pH value of the seawater is adjusted by adopting an aeration method of a carbon dioxide enriching device; the length, width and height of the algae culture pond are respectively 1m, 4m and 0.6m, and seawater with stable pH value in the carbon dioxide enrichment pond enters the algae culture pond through a drainage tube. The three parts are communicated by a drainage tube, and the drainage tube is provided with a valve to control the water inflow and the water discharge. By adopting the operation, the long-distance water flow system of the workshop is communicated with the natural sea area, and the water temperatures of the long-distance water flow system and the natural sea area are kept consistent.
Example 2
Experiments are carried out by utilizing the large-scale marine algae long-term acidification adaptability research system constructed by the embodiment
1) Macroalgae for experiment was selected from large brown algae (Saccharina japonica) collected from the gulf sea area of Morus morningglory, Chengshou, Shandong province. Kelp seedlings with the same size are selected, and the kelp seedlings with the same size are used for experiments after fouling organisms on the surface are cleaned.
2) Workshop flowing water acidizing system: a workshop running water acidification system is built at a place which is 1km away from the seaside of the Bay of the mulberry ditch of Shandong province Rong City. Five groups of long-flowing water acidification systems for the workshop are used for simulating the change trend of the concentration of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere at present and in the future, and five COs of 400 mu atm, 700 mu atm, 1000 mu atm, 1500 mu atm and 2000 mu atm are set2A concentration gradient. The long flowing water system of the workshop consists of a water storage tank, a carbon dioxide enrichment pool and an algae culture pool. The three parts are communicated by a drainage tube, and the drainage tube is provided with a valve to control the water inflow and the water discharge. Adjusting the pH value of the seawater in the carbon dioxide enriching pool by adopting a carbon dioxide enriching device aeration method; the length, width and height of the reservoir are respectively 4m, 2m and 2m, and a submersible pump is adopted to pump seawater from a natural sea area into the reservoir; the length, width and height of the carbon dioxide enriching pool are respectively 4m, 2m and 1m, and after water in the reservoir is introduced into the carbon dioxide enriching pool, the pH value of the seawater is adjusted by adopting an aeration method of a carbon dioxide enriching device; the length, width and height of the algae culture pond are respectively 1m, 4m and 0.6m, and seawater with stable pH value in the carbon dioxide enrichment pond enters the algae culture pond through a drainage tube. In order to maintain a stable seawater pH level, the flow speed among the water storage tank, the carbon dioxide enrichment tank and the algae culture tank is controlled to be 2.5L/min by adjusting the size of a valve configured on a drainage tube in the culture process. Clamping young kelp for experiment by using polyethylene rope with diameter of 0.5cm, culturing in algae culture pond, and culturing at density of 5g FW L to reduce influence of algae respiration and photosynthesis on seawater pH-1。
3) Detecting the pH value of seawater and the growth character of kelp in a long running water system of a workshop: the experimental period was 6 months, from 10 months in 2017 to 3 months in 2018. During the experiment, the pH levels in different acidification systems of the seawater are detected every day, and the average fresh weight of the kelp in the different acidification systems is measured every month.
4) Comparing the temperature and the illumination intensity of the long-flowing water system of the workshop with those of the natural sea area: detecting the temperature of the long-flowing water system of the workshop and the natural sea area by adopting a water quality analyzer every day, calculating the average water temperature every month, and comparing and analyzing the difference between the temperature of the long-flowing water system of the workshop and the temperature of the natural sea area; and detecting the illumination intensity of the long-flow water system of the workshop and the natural sea area every day by adopting a photon meter, calculating the average light intensity every month, and comparing and analyzing the difference of the illumination intensity of the long-flow water system of the workshop and the natural sea area.
The experimental results are as follows:
1) pH change of different acidification systems of long-running water in workshop
Adopting a long-flow system of a workshop to set five COs of 400 mu atm, 700 mu atm, 1000 mu atm, 1500 mu atm and 2000 mu atm2Concentration gradient (as in fig. 1), the experiment lasted for a total of 6 months. The pH level changes in different acidification culture systems are shown in FIG. 2, with CO2The concentration gradient is increased, the pH value is reduced from 8.15 +/-0.03 under the partial pressure of 400 mu atm to 7.52 +/-0.04 under the partial pressure of 2000 mu atm, and the difference is obvious; on the other hand, the respective CO increases with the duration of the cultivation2The pH level does not change significantly under the concentration gradient, and the change range is less than 0.1.
2) Cultivation result of kelp under different acidification systems
The kelp culture results under different acidification systems in a long running water system of a workshop are shown in fig. 3, and fresh weight average of kelp under each acidification system is obviously increased along with the extension of culture time; with CO cultivation2When the concentration is increased from 400 μ atm, 700 μ atm, 1000 μ atm, 1500 μ atm to 2000 μ atm, the fresh weight of kelp tends to increase and decrease, and the maximum value is obtained at 700 μ atm.
3) Temperature and light intensity comparison between workshop long-flow water system and communicated sea area
The temperature and the light intensity of the long running water system of the workshop and the natural sea area are synchronously detected, as shown in figures 4 and 5. The detection result shows that the seawater temperature appears between 10 months in 2017 and 3 months in 2018The reduction trend is obvious and is reduced from 19.15 +/-0.07 ℃ to 3.15 +/-0.07 ℃. The temperature difference between a long-flow water system of a comparative analysis workshop and a communicated sea area is not obvious, and the difference amplitude is less than 0.5 ℃; during the experiment, the difference between the illumination intensity of the long running water system in the workshop and the illumination intensity of the culture in the natural sea area is not obvious, and the average culture light intensity is 101 +/-9.4 mu mol m-2s-1And 103. + -. 9.8. mu. mol m-2s-1。
The experiment starts from 2017, 10, and ends in 2018, 3. The influence of long-term seawater acidification on the growth and development of the kelp is researched by constructing a workshop continuous flow water acidification culture system. The experimental result shows that. Moderate sea water acidification (700 mu atm, 1000 mu atm and 1500 mu atm) can obviously promote the growth of the kelp, and over-strong acidification (2500 mu atm) can inhibit the growth of the kelp. Compared with an indoor acidification culture device, the workshop long-flowing water acidification culture system obviously prolongs the culture time and embodies the physiological adaptability of the kelp to long-term acidification; compared with a natural acidification sea area experiment, the long-flowing water acidification culture system in a workshop can accurately control the pH value of seawater, and the pH variation range is less than 0.1; in addition, the workshop continuous flow water acidification culture system is communicated with a natural sea area in the acidification culture process, the difference between the seawater temperature and the culture illumination and the natural sea area is not obvious, and the physiological adaptability of the macroalgae to future ocean acidification under natural conditions can be reflected more truly.
Claims (1)
1. A large-scale marine algae long-term acidification adaptability research method is characterized in that the method is carried out by using a large-scale marine algae long-term acidification adaptability research system, wherein the large-scale marine algae long-term acidification adaptability research system comprises a cultivation workshop and a workshop long-flowing water system;
the cultivation workshop: the workshop is arranged within 1km from the natural sea area, and the roof of the workshop is a semitransparent glass fiber reinforced plastic tile;
the workshop long flow system comprises: the workshop long-flowing water system comprises a reservoir, a carbon dioxide enrichment pool and an algae culture pool; the three parts are communicated by a drainage tube, and the drainage tube is provided with a valve to control the water inflow and the water discharge; a carbon dioxide enriching device is arranged in the carbon dioxide enriching pool, and the pH value of the seawater is adjusted by adopting an aeration method of the carbon dioxide enriching device;
the length, width and height of the reservoir are respectively 4m, 2m and 2m, and a submersible pump is adopted to pump seawater from a natural sea area into the reservoir; the length, the width and the height of the carbon dioxide enriching pool are respectively 4m, 2m and 1m, and after seawater in the reservoir is introduced into the carbon dioxide enriching pool, the pH value of the seawater is adjusted by adopting an aeration method of a carbon dioxide enriching device; the length, width and height of the algae culture pond are respectively 1m, 4m and 0.6m, seawater with stable pH value in the carbon dioxide enrichment pond enters the algae culture pond through the drainage tube, the flowing speed among the water storage pond, the carbon dioxide enrichment pond and the algae culture pond is 2.5L/min, and the algae culture density is not more than 5g FW L-1；
The method for carrying out alga acidification research by utilizing the large-scale marine alga long-term acidification adaptability research system comprises the following steps:
(1) setting five groups of workshop long running water systems, and putting algae to be tested into each group of algae culture pond;
(2) different gradient pH values are set in the carbon dioxide enrichment tanks of each group, and the adjustment of the pH values is maintained by adopting a carbon dioxide enrichment device aeration method;
(3) the flow speed among the water storage tank, the carbon dioxide enrichment pool and the algae culture pool is controlled by adjusting the size of a valve configured on the drainage tube, and the culture density of algae is controlled at the same time, so that the pH value in the algae culture pool and the carbon dioxide enrichment pool is kept stable.
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