The controllable intertidal zone CO of environmental condition2Flux simulating lab test device and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to the controllable intertidal zone CO of environmental condition2Flux simulating lab test device and method, belongs to environment
Field.
Background technique
Wetlands ecosystems are the important carbon storehouses of the earth, account for about the 10% of Global Terrestrial Ecosystem carbon storehouse, be at present
Know that the important carbon for being only second to forest in terrestrial ecosystems converges, the carbon cycle of global range is significantly affected.Have in wetland
The incomplete decomposing of machine matter leads to the accumulation of carbon in wetland, and wetland plant obtains a large amount of CO from atmosphere2, become huge carbon
Library;Meanwhile in the period of certain and under the conditions of, wetland is under the action of microorganism by decomposing and respiration is by CO2Discharge
Into atmosphere, the carbon cycle process climate condition of wetland and the influence of mankind's activity have played " carbon remittance " and " carbon source " two side
The effect in face.Intertidal zone is one kind in numerous kinds of wetlands, is the handover area of land and ocean.In recent years, " blue as the whole world
Color carbon converge " significant contributor, have the carbon cycle of the intertidal zone wetland (mangrove swamp and sabkha) of high vegetative coverage by
Great concern.Intertidal zone is other than possessing high primary productivity and low organic matter decomposition rate, intertidal zone wetland
Vegetation root cap is bigger, can store a large amount of carbon and transfer to be stored in soil by root system week.Meanwhile estuary coast is unique
Sedimentation process a large amount of endogenous or external source organic carbons can quickly be buried.As it can be seen that intertidal zone muskeg productivity is high, machine
Carbon decomposition rate is low, CH4 discharge is weaker, Carbon deposition speed is fast, is one of highest ecosystem of unit area carbon sequestration rate,
There is significant ability to pool carbon.According to statistics, total carbon sequestration rate of seashore wetland is more than 100Tg.a in global range-1(with carbon
Meter), therefore intertidal zone wetland is slowing down carbon containing greenhouse gas emission, has important potentiality in terms of reducing Global Greenhouse Effect.
There are many factor for influencing the variation of intertidal zone soil carbon dioxide flux, comprising: hydrologic condition, the soil moisture, micro- life
Object activity, organic matter and phytoplankton content etc..The CO in the ecosystem under different vegetative coverages2Burst size it is different, and
Change with diurnal variation and seasonality variation.Kurganova etc. has found soil CO2Discharge is concentrated mainly on summer and autumn,
Also, degree of fluctuation summer of the system respiration efflux in one day on different time is significantly greater than winter.Van Der Nat etc. is surveyed
The intraday system respiration efflux of amount typically exhibits the trend of single peak type variation, slowly rises since morning, arrives and goes out in the afternoon
Slowly decline again after existing maximum value.Wetland soil discharges CO to atmosphere2Process master be Soil Microorganism oxygenolysis make
With and root system of plant respiration.According to correlative study, the CO that is discharged in soil285%-90% is from the micro- life of soil
The vital movement of object, 15% respiration from root system of plant, pole are partially the ventilator chemical oxidation of soil animal.Soil
Never Tongfang face rings CO to earth2Release, most important factor is the temperature of soil.Activity, the plant growth rate of microorganism
Speed all by the soil moisture variation influenced.The decomposition of the heterotrophic respiration of microorganism, the autotrophic respiration of plant, organic matter is equal
It is influenced by the soil moisture, temperature is higher, and decomposition rate is faster.Buchmann has studied the pass of respiratory rate and the soil moisture
System, the results showed that soil rate can generate apparent variation with the variation of the soil moisture.Wetland is in the area of land and water boundary,
It is very sensitive to the variation of hydrologic condition.The Drought-wet change of wetlands ecosystems will affect the activity of Soil Microorganism.
China's Wetland Area is about 65.94 × 104km2(not including rivers, pond), occupies first, Asia, the world the 4th
Position, wherein natural bioremediation is about 25.94 × 104km2, including Marsh Wetland about 11.97 × 104km2, Tideland resources about 2.17
×104km2, the shallow water along the coast 2.7 × 104km2Deng;Artificial swamp 40.0 × 104km2.Intertidal zone is distributed widely in China coast area
Domain, due to intertidal zone CO2The field survey of flux rate of discharge by the environmental conditions such as meteorology, the hydrology, hydrodynamic force restrict (tide,
Wave and ocean current), measurement environment harshness and changeable, traditional inland wetland CO2Flux measurement method is difficult to effectively implement, and grows
The research and development of intertidal zone Carbon flux determining instrument and equipment relatively lag behind since phase, the presence of the above problems, give at present urgently
The research carried out in a deep going way brings big inconvenience.Both at home and abroad for the research of estuary coast wetland carbon cycle largely using in situ
Observation method, this is of great significance for understanding the ecosystem feature under real environmental conditions.But external environment is changeable
And height is uncertain, particularly with the changeable environment of physical power as intertidal zone, in-situ observation is difficult to really capture
The feature of carbon cycle under different control conditions, it is more difficult to field by serial experiment understand carbon cycle mechanism and control because
Therefore son is significantly in influence of the experiment indoor simulation natural conditions variation to Carbon flux.Under experimental conditions,
Impact factor is controllable, can be by measuring Soil-air interface carbon dioxide flux, more under simulation different temperatures and moisture condition
Be conducive to further investigate.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of tide that environmental condition is controllable
Between band CO2Flux simulating lab test device and method can simulate various temperature, light environment condition and underground indoors
Water level carries out the intertidalite CO of long-time continuous observation2Flux.
Technical solution: to achieve the above object, the controllable intertidal zone CO of environmental condition of the invention2Flux indoor simulation is real
Experiment device, including biochemical cultivation case, outer cylinder and water tank, the outer cylinder are located in biochemical cultivation case, and inner cylinder is equipped in outer cylinder, interior
Layering is put into the deposit sample of field acquisition in cylinder, is equipped with permeability hole in inner cylinder bottom, is equipped with permeable hole on the inner cylinder, permeable
Hole is located at the top of deposit sample, and outer cylinder is connect with water tank by peristaltic pump, is equipped with above the deposit sample of inner cylinder
Gas chamber is sampled, sampling gas chamber passes through gas circuit pipeline and CO2Sensor connection, CO2Sensor is connect with pcs signal.
Preferably, being equipped with valve between the peristaltic pump and outer cylinder.
Preferably, the inner cylinder bottom is equipped with non-woven fabrics bed course, permeable and impermeable sand simulates intertidal zone groundwater level
Variation.
Preferably, being equipped with rotating vane in the sampling gas chamber, rotating vane is connected to power supply, and rotating vane is bilayer
Rotating vane guarantees that the sampling indoor gas mixing of gas is uniform, reduces measurement error.
Preferably, the barrel of the outer cylinder is equipped with scale, inner barrel and outer barrel is all made of clear perspex material system
Make, outer cylinder edge indicates graduation mark, convenient for reading and controlling inner cylinder groundwater level.
Preferably, detachable stainless steel filtering net is arranged in the thief hatch of the sampling gas chamber, prevent when sampling gas chamber
Blade rotational agitation silt enters gas channels, causes mechanical disorder or measurement error, is also convenient for cleaning.
Preferably, the gas circuit pipeline is equipped with drying and dehydrating device, moisture can be prevented in gas to CO2What measurement generated
It influences, improves measurement accuracy.
Preferably, the CO2Sensor is connect by circuit lines with sampling gas chamber, and gas circuit pipeline and loop pipe are passed through
Road forms a return passage, and the gas after detection is recycled into measuring system, guarantees CO2Concentration measurement is not by the external world
Environmental disturbances.
Preferably, the bottom outer of the inner cylinder is equipped with cushion block, make to be not directly contacted between inner barrel and outer barrel, realizes sea
Water is from the uniform free exchange in bottom.
A kind of intertidal zone CO that above-mentioned environmental condition is controllable2The measurement method of flux simulating lab test device, including
Following steps:
(1) from field acquisition intertidalite sample, layering is packed into device inner cylinder, guarantees that mud face is slightly below internal barrel
Wall permeable hole enters a certain amount of sampled point raw water in outer wound packages, takes back laboratory and carries out Carbon flux measurement, while acquiring enough
Sampled point seawater for carrying out tide process simulation indoors;
(2) the deposit sample of field acquisition is placed in biochemical cultivation case, the temperature and humidity for adjusting incubator is extremely set
Value, makes the planktonic organism in deposit and seawater gradually adapt to the environmental condition manually built;
(3) outer cylinder, peristaltic pump and water tank are connected by waterway pipe, start peristaltic pump, simulation oceanic tide is made
Flood tide or ebb tide process, adjust wriggling pump discharge, and control water level rises or falls rate and is consistent with field inspection result;
(4) sampling gas chamber is laid flat to deposit surface and is compacted, connected gas circuit pipeline, check the airtight of air-channel system
Property;
(5) CO is opened2Sensor continuously measures the CO of deposit surface under the conditions of different levels of ground water2Real-time concentration;
(6) CO is utilized2Concentration process data is calculated by the following formula intertidalite CO2Flux and measurement error:
In formula:
For CO
2The slope of concentration-time process, ppm/s, t
iFor the monitoring time of i-th of monitoring data, unit
For s;y
iFor the CO of i-th of monitoring data
2Concentration value, unit ppm;N is the sum of monitoring data;φ is CO
2Flux, unit
For mol/m
2/d;K is transforming factor;P is gas atmosphere, unit Pa;V is sampling chamber volume, unit m
3;R is general gas
Body constant, 8.314472m
3·Pa/mol/K;T is gas temperature, unit K;A is area at sampling chamber inlet, and unit is
m
2;
It is calculated using the following equation CO2The evaluated error of flux measurement:
In formula: e is experimental error, calculates the data after data selection measurement starts two minutes and shows reality if e is greater than 0.9
It is fine to test the quality of data, CO2The linear relationship of concentration process is preferable, and experimental data is with a high credibility, if e less than 0.5, shows to test
The quality of data is poor, needs to carry out monitoring again.
In the present invention, on the one hand, the water in outer cylinder slowly penetrates or be discharged inner cylinder by inner cylinder bottom percolation hole, simulation
The raising or landing of deposit groundwater level during flood tide or ebb tide.On the other hand, as outer cylinder water level is lifted or is fallen after rise
To deposit surface, water flows in or out inner cylinder by inner cylinder barrel permeable hole, simulates flood tide later period or ebb tide initial depositing stage object
The waterflooding and exposure process on surface.By controlling the temperature and intensity of illumination of biochemical cultivation case, different temperatures and illumination feelings are simulated
The situation of change of soil carbon flux under condition.Sampling gas chamber is pressed against deposit surface, opens rotating vane and CO2Sensor
Switch, measure the CO of Sediment Interface2Concentration can be to CO by computer2Concentration carries out real-time monitoring.
The utility model has the advantages that the intertidal zone CO that environmental condition of the invention is controllable2Flux simulating lab test device, by this survey
The mutual cooperation for measuring the soil moisture and humidity control system and soil flux measurement system in device, solves field and surveys on the spot
Measure soil CO2Flux is easy the problem of being restricted by environmental conditions such as meteorology, the hydrology, hydrodynamic forces, realizes high degree of automation, behaviour
Work is easy reliably, can build various temperature and intensity of illumination environment indoors, carries out the purpose long lasting for measurement, is wet
The basic research such as ground ecosystem carbon metablism, carbon cycle provide strong observation and research means.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the general structure schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the agent structure schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the elevation and top view of apparatus of the present invention main structure.
Fig. 4 is apparatus of the present invention outer tube structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is apparatus of the present invention inner tube structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is apparatus of the present invention inner cylinder bottom substance schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is apparatus of the present invention Carbon flux measuring system schematic diagram.
In figure: 1- biochemical cultivation case;2-CO2Sensor;3- gas circuit pipeline;4- drying and dehydrating device;5- power supply;6- is removable
Unload formula stainless steel filtering net;7- samples gas chamber;8- rotating vane;9- waterway pipe;10- valve;11- peristaltic pump;12- inner cylinder;
13- outer cylinder;14- non-woven fabrics bed course;15- cushion block;16- water tank, 17- computer, 18- inner cylinder barrel permeable hole;19- inner cylinder bottom
Portion's permeable hole;20- graduation mark;21- handle.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figures 1 to 6, the controllable intertidal zone CO of environmental condition of the invention2Flux simulating lab test device, packet
Biochemical cultivation case 1, outer cylinder 13 and water tank 16 are included, the outer cylinder 13 is located in biochemical cultivation case 1, and inner cylinder is equipped in outer cylinder 13
12, the interior layering of inner cylinder 12 is put into the deposit sample of field acquisition, permeability hole 19 is equipped in 12 bottom of inner cylinder, on inner cylinder 12
Equipped with permeable hole 18, permeable hole 18 is located at the top of deposit sample, and outer cylinder 13 is connect by peristaltic pump 11 with water tank 16, compacted
The flood tide or ebb tide process of dynamic 11 simulation oceanic tide effect of pump, adjust 11 flow of peristaltic pump, control water level rises or falls speed
Rate is consistent with field inspection result, and waterway pipe 9 is equipped between peristaltic pump 11 and outer cylinder 13, and waterway pipe 9 is equipped with valve 10,
It is equipped with sampling gas chamber 7 above the deposit sample of inner cylinder 12, samples and handle 21 is installed on gas chamber 7, sampling gas chamber 7 passes through gas
Road pipeline is connect with CO2 sensor 2, and CO2 sensor 2 is connect with 17 signal of computer.
In the present invention, 12 bottom of inner cylinder is equipped with non-woven fabrics bed course 14, and permeable and impermeable sand simulates intertidal zone underground
Water SEA LEVEL VARIATION.It is equipped with rotating vane 8 in the sampling gas chamber 7, rotating vane 8 is connect with power supply 5, and rotating vane 8 is bilayer
Rotating vane guarantees that the gas mixing in sampling gas chamber 7 is uniform, reduces measurement error.The barrel of the outer cylinder 13, which is equipped with, to be carved
Degree, inner cylinder 12 and outer cylinder 13 are all made of clear perspex material production, and 13 edge of outer cylinder indicates graduation mark 20, convenient for reading and
Control 12 groundwater level of inner cylinder.Detachable stainless steel filtering net 6 is arranged in the thief hatch of the sampling gas chamber 7, prevents when sampling
The blade rotational agitation silt of gas chamber 7 enters gas channels, causes mechanical disorder or measurement error, is also convenient for cleaning.The gas
Road pipeline 3 is equipped with drying and dehydrating device 4, and moisture can be prevented in gas to CO2The influence generated is measured, measurement accuracy is improved.Institute
It states CO2 sensor 2 and is connect by circuit lines with sampling gas chamber 7, a circuit is formed by gas circuit pipeline 3 and circuit lines
Channel, the gas after detection are recycled into measuring system, guarantee CO2Concentration measurement is not by external environmental interference.It is described
The bottom outer of inner cylinder 12 is equipped with cushion block 15, makes to be not directly contacted between inner cylinder 12 and outer cylinder 13, realizes that seawater is uniform from bottom
And free exchange.
In the present invention, select transparent organic glass as 13 making material of inner cylinder 12 and outer cylinder, 13 internal diameter of outer cylinder
300mm, 12 internal diameter 200mm of inner cylinder or so.Gas channels are done using PVC material, internal diameter selects 5-8mm.12 bottom of inner cylinder and side
Wall small aperture 2mm is advisable, cylinder bottom aperture center of circle spacing 4-5mm, barrel aperture center of circle spacing 50mm.The covering of 12 bottom of inner cylinder
Permeable nonwoven guarantees permeable impermeable sand.It samples and uses circular detachable formula stainless steel filtering net 6, diameter at 7 sample inlet of gas chamber
10mm。
A kind of intertidal zone CO that above-mentioned environmental condition is controllable2The measurement method of flux simulating lab test device, including
Following steps:
(1) from field acquisition intertidalite sample, layering is packed into device inner cylinder 12, guarantees that mud face is slightly below inner cylinder
12 barrel permeable holes 18 are packed into a certain amount of sampled point raw water in outer cylinder 13, take back laboratory and carry out Carbon flux measurement, adopt simultaneously
The sampled point seawater for collecting enough is used to carry out tide process simulation indoors;
(2) the deposit sample of field acquisition is placed in biochemical cultivation case 1, the temperature and humidity for adjusting incubator is extremely set
Value, makes the planktonic organism in deposit and seawater gradually adapt to the environmental condition manually built;
(3) outer cylinder 13, peristaltic pump 11 are connected with water tank 16 by waterway pipe, start peristaltic pump 11, simulation sea
The flood tide or ebb tide process of foreign tidal action, adjust 11 flow of peristaltic pump, and control water level rises or falls rate and field inspection
As a result it is consistent;
(4) sampling gas chamber 7 is laid flat to deposit surface and is compacted, connected gas circuit pipeline 3, check the airtight of air-channel system
Property;
(5) CO2 sensor 2 is opened, the CO of deposit surface under the conditions of different levels of ground water is continuously measured2Real-time concentration;
(6) CO is utilized2Concentration process data is calculated by the following formula intertidal zone Soil-air interface CO2Flux:
In formula:
For CO
2The slope of concentration-time process, ppm/s, t
iFor the monitoring time of i-th of monitoring data, unit
For s;y
iFor the CO of i-th of monitoring data
2Concentration value, unit ppm;N is the sum of monitoring data;φ is CO
2Flux, unit
For mol/m
2/d;K is transforming factor;P is gas atmosphere, unit Pa;V is
sampling 7 volume of gas chamber, unit m
3;R is general
Gas constant, 8.314472m
3·Pa/mol/K;T is gas temperature, unit K;A is
sampling 7 inlet area of gas chamber, single
Position is m
2;
(7) it is calculated using the following equation CO2The linear regression error e of flux measurement:
In formula: e is the linear regression error of experimental data, calculates the data after data selection measurement starts two minutes.
(8) if e is greater than 0.9, show that experimental data is fine, CO2The linear relationship of concentration process is preferable, and experimental data is credible
Degree is high, if e less than 0.5, shows that experimental data is second-rate, needs to carry out monitoring again.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that: for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.