CN110553972A - Experimental device for survey soil-water-gas interface water flux - Google Patents
Experimental device for survey soil-water-gas interface water flux Download PDFInfo
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- CN110553972A CN110553972A CN201910947189.8A CN201910947189A CN110553972A CN 110553972 A CN110553972 A CN 110553972A CN 201910947189 A CN201910947189 A CN 201910947189A CN 110553972 A CN110553972 A CN 110553972A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005372 Plexiglas® Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012613 in situ experiment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005442 atmospheric precipitation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
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- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention designs an experimental device for simultaneously measuring the water flux at the sediment-water body-atmosphere interface in situ, which can be widely applied to natural wetlands such as lakes, swamps and river mudflats and artificial wetlands such as reservoirs, ponds and paddy fields. The invention comprises the following steps: the cross sections of the three columnar barrels with fan-shaped cross sections can be spliced into a circular shape. The three transparent organic glass cylindrical cylinders are opened from top to bottom, opened from top to bottom and are respectively used for measuring soil-water, water-gas and soil-water-gas flux. The experimental device is simple to install and convenient to operate, can be used for directly carrying out in-situ experiments on site, and can accurately measure the water flux of the soil-water-gas interface for a long time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a water flux measurement experimental device, in particular to an experimental device for measuring water flux of a sediment-water body-atmosphere interface in a wetland water environment.
Background
the existing experimental method for measuring seepage comprises the following steps: in the 40 s of the 20 th century, Israelsona and Reeve (1944) invented a manual seepage meter for measuring the amount of water leaked from an irrigation canal; lee (1977) made some improvements in the 70's of the 20 th century and was used to determine the amount of exchange of groundwater with the sally lake, minnesota. The classical Lee-type semi-barrel seepage instrument mainly comprises a 208L steel cylindrical barrel, one end of which is completely opened, and the other end of which is provided with a very small opening only on the edge and is connected with a 4L plastic bag through a rubber plug and a water guide pipe. With the continuous and deep research of the application of the seepage apparatus and the rapid development of the scientific technology, more accurate seepage apparatuses are produced, such as: continuous heat type automatic seepage instrument, heat pulse type automatic seepage instrument, ultrasonic wave type automatic seepage instrument, dye dilution technology seepage instrument, etc. Obviously, the mechanical properties of plastic bags of classical rheometers, leakage at the bottom of the drum, frictional resistance of the flow tubes, wave action or pressure differences, etc. cause certain measurement errors. The improved experimental method also has the defects of higher cost, complex assembly, easy fault generation and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the defects of the existing experimental device, increase the water flux of the water-gas interface and improve the measurement precision of the water flux of the three-phase interface, the invention designs the experimental device for measuring the water flux of the soil-water-gas interface.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: an experimental apparatus for determining water flux at an earth-water-gas interface, comprising:
Three columnar cylinders with sector sections;
The three sections of the three columnar cylinders can be spliced into a circular shape;
one of the columnar cylinders is a soil-water interface water flux measuring cylinder;
One of the columnar cylinders is a water-gas interface water flux measuring cylinder;
One of the columnar cylinders is a soil-water-gas interface water flux comprehensive measuring cylinder;
preferably, the soil-water interface water flux measuring cylinder is provided with an opening at the lower end, a wedge-shaped cutting edge and a sealing cover at the upper end, and a small air vent is reserved.
Preferably, the water-gas interface water flux measuring cylinder is closed at the bottom end and completely opened at the upper end.
Specifically, the upper end of the water-gas interface water flux measuring cylinder is covered with a layer of macroporous gauze.
Preferably, the soil-water-gas interface water flux comprehensive measuring cylinder is provided with openings at the upper end and the lower end.
specifically, the comprehensive measuring cylinder for the water flux of the soil-water-gas interface is covered with a layer of macroporous gauze at the upper end.
Preferably, the experimental device for determining the water flux at the soil-water-gas interface has a length set according to the environmental conditions under which the measurement is carried out.
Specifically, the environmental conditions include water depth, annual water level fluctuation range, and influence on water level caused by extreme weather conditions such as drought, flood and rainstorm.
Preferably, the three cylindrical barrel side surfaces are all marked with scales with the same reference surface.
preferably, the three cylindrical barrels are made of organic glass.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme adopted by the invention has the following technical advantages:
The water flux on the water-gas interface can be measured while the water flux on the soil-water interface is measured. Compared with the traditional seepage meter which can only measure the water flux of the soil-water interface, the novel water flux measuring function is added.
the water level change conditions of the three measuring cylinders conform to a known rule delta h 1 + delta h 2 ═ delta h 3, and errors can be found and corrected in time.
the experimental device has low cost, simple and firm assembly and difficult damage.
The field installation is very simple and convenient, and the measuring result is more accurate and reliable.
Drawings
The embodiments of the present specification may be made more clear by describing the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an experimental apparatus for measuring water flux at an earth-water-air interface according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the field work of an experimental apparatus for determining water flux at the soil-water-gas interface according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
it is to be noted that, unless otherwise specified, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.
fig. 1 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of an experimental apparatus for measuring water flux at an earth-water-gas interface provided by the present invention, the structure diagram is mainly used for explaining the internal structure of the experimental apparatus for measuring water flux, and the specific structure is as follows:
An experimental apparatus for determining water flux at an earth-water-gas interface, comprising:
Three columnar cylinders with sector sections;
The three sections of the three columnar cylinders can be spliced into a circular shape;
one of the columnar cylinders is a soil-water interface water flux measuring cylinder, and the soil-water interface water flux measuring cylinder is provided with an opening at the lower end and a wedge-shaped cutting edge and can be inserted into sediments. The upper end is sealed and provided with a small vent hole which is communicated with the atmosphere and prevents precipitation from flowing into the cylinder. When in use, the top cover needs to be exposed out of the water, namely, air is reserved at the upper half section of the cylinder.
one of the cylindrical cylinders is a water-gas interface water flux measuring cylinder, the bottom end of the cylindrical cylinder is closed, and the cylindrical cylinder can be positioned in water or on the surface of sediment. The upper end of the water-saving device is completely opened and extends out of the water surface, can be freely evaporated and receives atmospheric precipitation.
One of the columnar cylinders is a soil-water-gas interface water flux comprehensive measuring cylinder, the upper end and the lower end of the columnar cylinder are both opened, sediment is inserted into the lower end of the columnar cylinder, and the upper end of the columnar cylinder extends out of the water surface.
In one embodiment, the water-air interface water flux measuring cylinder and the soil-water-air interface water flux comprehensive measuring cylinder are covered with a layer of large-hole gauze at the upper end to prevent the birds and plant litters from disturbing the water surface.
The length of the experimental device for measuring the water flux of the soil-water-gas interface is set according to the environmental conditions for implementing measurement, wherein the environmental conditions comprise water depth, annual water level fluctuation range and the influence on the water level caused by extreme weather conditions such as drought, flood and rainstorm.
In one embodiment, the experimental apparatus for measuring the water flux at the soil-water-gas interface is made in the length: the depth of water at the measurement position + the annual maximum water level fluctuation range at the measurement position + the depth of the columnar cylinder inserted into the silt + the height of the columnar cylinder exposed out of the water surface.
The three cylindrical barrel side surfaces are all marked with scales with the same reference surface.
The three cylindrical barrels are made of organic glass.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of field work of an experimental device for measuring water flux at an earth-water-gas interface according to the present invention, and the operation steps of the experiment performed in the field environment shown in FIG. 2 by using the present invention include:
Step one, selecting and using an organic glass material to manufacture an experimental device with a proper length for measuring the water flux of the soil-water-gas interface according to the water depth measured on site and the fluctuation range of the annual water level, wherein the proper length comprises the following consideration: measuring depth of water, annual maximum water level fluctuation range, estimating depth of the columnar cylinder inserted into silt (ensuring fixed equipment), estimating height of the columnar cylinder exposed to water surface (ensuring that water on the water surface of the measuring part does not enter the columnar cylinder)
in some special situations, the water level change needs to be considered in special geographical situations. For instance, in coastal wetland, the fluctuation range of water level is large within one day due to obvious tide action, and the larger is up to several meters. Therefore, when the length of the measurement experiment device is designed, the factor needs to be considered, and the length of the experiment device is enough to ensure that the fluctuation range of the water level at the measurement position is between the top surface of the first measuring cylinder and the bottom surface of the second measuring cylinder.
And step two, simultaneously inserting the measuring cylinder into the sediment for a certain depth to ensure that the measuring cylinder is stable and does not sink, and keeping the upper ends of the measuring cylinder and the sediment exposed out of the water surface and the highest water level in the year.
In one embodiment, the measuring cylinder is covered with a layer of large-hole gauze at the upper end to prevent the birds and the plant litter from disturbing the water surface.
It should be noted that when looking at the effect of larger aquatic animal holes on water flux, field installation may focus on buckling the bottom surface of the measuring cylinder (c) to the area where the holes are evenly dense.
and step three, placing the measuring cylinder next to the measuring cylinder and the measuring cylinder into water, opening the water body communicating hole at the lower half part to enable water to flow into the water body communicating hole, and then blocking the water body communicating hole.
And step four, keeping the upper ports of the three measuring cylinders to be flush, and enclosing to form a circle. Surround the round rubber tape and fix, prevent that the barrel from rocking the disturbance deposit. The operation ensures that the conditions of initial water level, sunshine, wind speed, temperature and the like of the environment where the wind power generation device and the wind power generation device are located are consistent.
And step five, after the sediment is recovered for a period of time, the measurement can be started.
And the water levels of the three cylinders are in the following relation of delta h 1 plus delta h 2 to delta h 3, and test data are continuously read and recorded.
If the water level scales of the three cylinders are read during recording, the relationship of the read data distance is found, namely, the deviation of Delta h 1 plus Delta h 2 is larger than Delta h 3, the error reason needs to be found and corrected until the read data meets the relationship, and if the error reason is not the equipment reason, the measurement position can be changed and tested again to eliminate the special condition of the test point until the read data meets the relationship.
in most cases, the above equation relationship is satisfied, and slight changes may occur in the above equation under the influence of special factors in some environments. For example, when the apparatus is buckled into an area where aquatic plants are densely grown, the transpiration amount of the plants can be obtained by monitoring. Under the condition, the measuring cylinder obtains the soil-water interface flux, the water surface evaporation amount and the soil-water interface flux, the plant transpiration and the water surface evaporation, so that the measuring cylinder-the-water-interface flux, the plant transpiration and the water surface evaporation amount are obtained.
In actual use, for most water body sediments, the water flux on the interface is very slow, and the observation and recording time can be set in different interval scales of weeks, half months, months and the like. When automatic recording is desired, a self-recording water level gauge, such as LTC-over, can be placed in the three measuring cartridges to automatically record the water level change at predetermined time intervals.
And step six, calculating the physical quantity of the change situation of the common water level according to the data recorded in the step six. The water level change condition is usually measured by the amount of water change, the rate of water change, and the rate of water change per unit area. These data can be calculated from the above-mentioned recorded read data and device shape data and observation period data, and the related calculation formula is:
the amount of change Δ V i in the amount of water in a single measuring cylinder during the monitoring period Δ t:
Rate of change q i of water volume in a single measuring cylinder during monitoring period Δ t:
qi＝△Vi/△t
Rate of change of water volume per unit area v i in a single measuring cylinder over a monitoring period Δ t:
vi＝△hi/△t
Wherein the physical quantities are:
R is the radius of a circle surrounded by the sections of the three measuring cylinders;
Δ h i is the water level variable of the measuring cylinder corresponding to the serial number i in the monitoring time period Δ t.
The embodiment shows that the experimental device for measuring the water flux of the soil-water-gas interface can be customized according to the conditions of the test environment, can be used for simply and easily constructing the test device in a field test environment, is convenient and quick to read test data, can measure the water flux on the water-gas interface while measuring the water flux of the soil-water interface, has a new water flux measurement function compared with the traditional seepage instrument which can only measure the water flux of the soil-water interface, and can easily find errors in the test process by a simple method, namely whether the water level change conditions of three measuring cylinders meet the rule delta h 1 plus delta h 2 delta h 3 so as to correct the errors in time, and has the advantages of low cost and construction cost, simple and firm components and difficult damage.
the embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.
The foregoing description has been directed to specific embodiments of this disclosure. Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims may be performed in a different order than in the embodiments and still achieve desirable results.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. an experimental apparatus for determining water flux at an earth-water-gas interface, comprising:
Three columnar cylinders with sector sections;
The three sections of the three columnar cylinders can be spliced into a circular shape;
The columnar cylinder is a transparent columnar cylinder;
one of the columnar cylinders is a soil-water interface water flux measuring cylinder, the lower end of the soil-water interface water flux measuring cylinder is provided with an opening, the wedge-shaped cutting edge is provided with an upper end sealing cover, and a small air vent is reserved;
One of the columnar cylinders is a water-gas interface water flux measuring cylinder, the bottom end of the water-gas interface water flux measuring cylinder is closed, and the upper end of the water-gas interface water flux measuring cylinder is completely opened;
one of the cylindrical cylinders is a soil-water-gas interface water flux comprehensive measuring cylinder, and the upper end and the lower end of the soil-water-gas interface water flux comprehensive measuring cylinder are both open.
2. The device as claimed in claim 3, wherein the water-gas interface water flux measuring cylinder is covered with a large hole gauze at the upper end.
3. The device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the soil-water-gas interface water flux comprehensive measuring cylinder is covered with a large-hole gauze at the upper end.
4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that its length is set according to the environmental conditions in which the measurement is carried out.
5. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the environmental conditions include water depth, annual water level fluctuation range, and water level effects from extreme weather conditions such as drought, flooding, and rainstorm.
6. The device of claim 1, wherein the three cylindrical barrel sides are each marked with a scale having a consistent datum plane.
7. the device of claim 1, wherein the material of the three cylindrical barrels is plexiglas.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910947189.8A CN110553972B (en) | 2019-09-29 | 2019-09-29 | Experimental device for survey soil-water-gas interface water flux |
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| CN201910947189.8A CN110553972B (en) | 2019-09-29 | 2019-09-29 | Experimental device for survey soil-water-gas interface water flux |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR0185260B1 (en) * | 1995-07-10 | 1999-05-15 | 남상용 | Water level measuring method and apparatus thereof |
| CN1657932A (en) * | 2005-02-27 | 2005-08-24 | 大连理工大学 | Measuring method of transfusion compensation terrestrial giving forth and evaporation |
| CN107290485A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-10-24 | 河海大学 | The controllable intertidal zone CO of environmental condition2Flux simulating lab test device and method |
| CN211927629U (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-11-13 | 中国地质环境监测院 | Experimental device for survey soil-water-gas interface water flux |
-
2019
- 2019-09-29 CN CN201910947189.8A patent/CN110553972B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR0185260B1 (en) * | 1995-07-10 | 1999-05-15 | 남상용 | Water level measuring method and apparatus thereof |
| CN1657932A (en) * | 2005-02-27 | 2005-08-24 | 大连理工大学 | Measuring method of transfusion compensation terrestrial giving forth and evaporation |
| CN107290485A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-10-24 | 河海大学 | The controllable intertidal zone CO of environmental condition2Flux simulating lab test device and method |
| CN211927629U (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-11-13 | 中国地质环境监测院 | Experimental device for survey soil-water-gas interface water flux |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 李刚 等: "沉积物—水界面水流通量研究...渗流仪直接测量法回顾与进展", 《地质论评》, 15 April 2019 (2019-04-15) * |
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