CN110161146B - Experimental device and method for measuring layered flux of greenhouse gases in drainage ditch of rice field - Google Patents
Experimental device and method for measuring layered flux of greenhouse gases in drainage ditch of rice field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental device and method for measuring layered flux of greenhouse gases in a drainage ditch of a paddy field, wherein the experimental device comprises a cylindrical top cover box, a cylindrical box body, a gas synchronous sampling device, an automatic water inlet and outlet device, a temperature sensor probe, a pollutant uniform spraying device, a pressure balance pipe and a micro barometer, wherein the temperature sensor probe, the pollutant uniform spraying device, the pressure balance pipe and the micro barometer sequentially penetrate through four mounting holes in the top of the cylindrical top cover box; the cylindrical box body is connected with the cylindrical top cover box in a downward connection mode, the gas synchronous sampling device is located on the side face of the cylindrical box body, and the automatic water inlet and outlet device is connected with the top and the bottom of the cylindrical box body respectively. The fixed pulley is arranged on the uniform pollutant spraying device, and when the uniform pollutant spraying device is used for paying off, the uniform pollutant spraying bottle can slide along the steel wire rope I and simultaneously uniformly spray pollutants into the cylindrical box body. The invention also discloses an experimental method of the device. The invention realizes the quantitative input of pollutants such as sulfur fertilizer and the like and the accurate measurement of the layered flux of the greenhouse gas in the drainage ditch under the control of different hydrodynamic conditions, and has simple and convenient operation and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an experimental device and method for measuring layered flux of greenhouse gases in a drainage ditch of a rice field, and belongs to the field of environmental protection systems.
Background
The drainage canal is an important ecological corridor for connecting water bodies such as rice fields, rivers, lakes and the like, collects and transports a large amount of runoff, and carries and transports a large amount of nutrient substances such as carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and the like. The special geographical position enables the drainage ditch to become a special ecological system with transition zone property, and has the dual characteristics of a paddy field ecological system and a wetland ecological system. The special ecological system of the drainage ditch can not only be used as greenhouse gas, but also be used as methaneCH4Or N2The production of O provides sufficient substrate for the reaction and the environmental conditions required to produce these greenhouse gases.
At present, the research on greenhouse gases is mostly based on the emission of greenhouse gases in soil of wetland ecosystems and paddy field ecosystems, and the research on the emission of greenhouse gases in drainage ditches with transition zone properties is less. The emission of greenhouse gases in the drainage ditch is influenced by the return of paddy fields and the input of nutrient substances such as sulfur fertilizer, and the like, and the traditional monitoring and sampling device for the emission flux of the greenhouse gases in the soil of the wetland and the paddy fields is difficult to apply, so that the difficulty is brought to the deep research on the emission of the greenhouse gases in the drainage ditch; meanwhile, the field environment has high uncertainty, so that the emission characteristics of the greenhouse gases under different condition controls are difficult to quantitatively research, and the influence mechanism of the greenhouse gas emission cannot be disclosed; in addition, the distribution characteristics of greenhouse gases with different space depths are not considered in the previous monitoring and sampling researches of the greenhouse gases, whether in the field or indoors, and the method has important significance for the effective emission reduction of the greenhouse gases in the ditches; therefore, an experimental device and method for simulating the layered flux of greenhouse gases in a drainage ditch under the conditions of quantitative input of nutrient substances such as sulfur fertilizer and the like and controllable hydrodynamic force are urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems, and provides an experimental device and method for measuring the layered flux of greenhouse gases in a drainage ditch of a paddy field, so that the input of pollutants such as sulfur fertilizer and the like under different concentrations and frequencies is realized, and the synchronous sampling of the greenhouse gases in different spatial depths in the drainage ditch is realized under the control of different hydrodynamic conditions, so as to research the layered flux of the greenhouse gases in the ditch.
The invention aims to realize the experiment device for measuring the layered flux of greenhouse gases in the drainage canal of the paddy field, which comprises a temperature sensor probe, a cylindrical top cover box, a cylindrical box body, a gas synchronous acquisition device, a pollutant uniform spraying device, a pressure balance pipe, a miniature barometer and an automatic water inlet and outlet device, wherein the temperature sensor probe is connected with the cylindrical top cover box;
the cylindrical top cover box is connected with the cylindrical box body in a downward connection mode, the cylindrical top cover box covers the cylindrical box body, and a scale is arranged on the cylindrical box body; the temperature sensor probe is arranged on the left side of the top of the cylindrical top cover box and penetrates through the cylindrical top cover box to extend into the cylindrical box body; the pressure balance pipe and the miniature barometer are both arranged on the right side of the cylindrical top cover box, both the pressure balance pipe and the miniature barometer penetrate through the cylindrical top cover box and extend into the cylindrical box body, the miniature barometer is positioned on the right side of the pressure balance pipe, and the pressure balance pipe is plugged with a rubber plug cap;
the uniform pollutant spraying device comprises an adding bottle and 4 spraying bottles, wherein fixed pulleys are arranged on two sides of the top of the adding bottle, and a rubber bottle plug is plugged in an opening in the top of the adding bottle; the sprinkling bottles are in a quarter cylinder shape, 4 sprinkling bottles form an integral cylinder, the top of each sprinkling bottle is provided with an inlet hole, the bottom of each sprinkling bottle is provided with a fine hole, the adding bottles are arranged at the tops of the 4 sprinkling bottles, the bottom of each adding bottle is provided with a bottom opening, and when the 4 sprinkling bottles are combined into the integral cylinder, the inlet holes at the tops of the 4 sprinkling bottles are communicated with the bottom openings of the adding bottles;
the feeding bottle is arranged in the center of the cylindrical top cover box, the top opening of the feeding bottle is positioned outside the cylindrical top cover box, and the bottom opening of the feeding bottle is positioned inside the cylindrical top cover box; 4 steel wire ropes I are fixed at the center of the inner side of the cylindrical top cover box, one ends of the 4 steel wire ropes I are fixed with the center of the inner side of the cylindrical top cover box, and the other ends of the 4 steel wire ropes I are fixed on the side edge of the cylindrical top cover box in a uniformly distributed manner; the 4 steel wire ropes I are gradually inclined and reduced from the center of the inner side of the cylindrical top cover box to the periphery;
the top parts of the 4 sprinkling bottles are provided with a hanging ring and a hook, and the 4 sprinkling bottles are respectively hung on the corresponding 4 steel wire ropes I through the hook; steel wire ropes III are fixed on the hoisting rings of the 4 sprinkling bottles, the steel wire ropes III on the 2 sprinkling bottles on the same side are wound on the fixed pulleys on the same side, the end parts of the steel wire ropes III are fixed with the fixed pulleys, and 2 steel wire ropes III are wound on each fixed pulley;
when the fixed pulley is rotated positively and negatively, the steel wire rope III is driven to wind on the fixed pulley or unscrew from the fixed pulley; when the steel wire rope III is unscrewed from the fixed pulley, the steel wire rope III extends, 4 sprinkling bottles move along the corresponding 4 steel wire ropes I and move to the periphery of the cylindrical top cover box, and pollutants in the 4 sprinkling bottles can be guaranteed to be uniformly sprinkled into the cylindrical box body below through the fine holes when the sprinkling bottles are filled with the pollutants;
the automatic water inlet and outlet device comprises a water channel pipeline, two ends of the water channel pipeline are respectively communicated with the same side of the cylindrical box body, one end of the water channel pipeline is positioned on the upper side of the cylindrical box body, the other end of the water channel pipeline is positioned on the lower side of the cylindrical box body, a water inlet is formed in one end of the water channel pipeline positioned on the upper side of the cylindrical box body, and a water filling port is arranged on the water channel pipeline close to the water inlet; a valve, a peristaltic pump and a water outlet are arranged at one end of the waterway pipeline positioned at the lower side of the cylindrical box body, the valve, the peristaltic pump and the water outlet are arranged on the waterway pipeline, and the parts communicated with the waterway pipeline and the lower side of the cylindrical box body are sequentially arranged from near to far; the water inlet and the water inlet are positioned at the upper part of the waterway pipeline, and the valve, the peristaltic pump and the water outlet are positioned at the lower part of the waterway pipeline; rubber plugs are plugged in the water filling port and the water discharging port;
the gas synchronous sampling device is positioned on the side surface of the cylindrical box body and comprises a stainless steel frame, a stainless steel rail, a steel wire rope II, a sliding pulling plate, a piston, a stainless steel bar, a base, a three-way valve, a sampling pipe, an injector and trundles;
the bottom of the stainless steel frame is provided with a base, and the upper part and the lower part of the stainless steel frame are both provided with stainless steel rails; the upper end and the lower end of the sliding drawing plate are respectively provided with a trundle, the trundles at the upper end and the lower end of the sliding drawing plate are respectively arranged in a stainless steel track at the upper part and a stainless steel track at the lower part of the stainless steel frame, and the sliding drawing plate can slide on the stainless steel frame under the action of the trundles;
the stainless steel strip is arranged on the stainless steel frame, a plurality of injectors are fixedly arranged on the stainless steel strip at equal intervals, one end of each injector is communicated with the three-way valve, the other end of each injector is inserted with the piston, one end of each piston is inserted into the corresponding injector, and the other end of each piston is fixedly connected with the sliding pulling plate; one end of the three-way valve is communicated with the injector, and the other end of the three-way valve is communicated with the sampling pipe;
one end of the sampling pipe is communicated with the three-way valve, the other end of the sampling pipe is obliquely arranged on the side surface of the cylindrical box body, and the sampling pipe is communicated with the cylindrical box body; the plurality of sampling pipes are arranged on the side surface of the cylindrical box at equal intervals; and opening the three-way valve, moving the sliding drawing plate to drive the piston to move in the injector, and when the piston moves outwards, exhausting air in the cylindrical box body through the injector, the three-way valve and the sampling pipe.
The cylindrical top cover box is made of PVC materials, the height of the cylindrical top cover box is 500mm, the thickness of the cylindrical top cover box is 5mm, and the radius of the cylindrical top cover box is 200mm and 400 mm;
the top of cylinder top cap case is equipped with four mounting holes, is temperature sensor probe mounting hole, the even sprinkler mounting hole of pollutant, pressure balance pipe mounting hole, miniature barometer mounting hole respectively from a left side to the right side, installs temperature sensor probe, the even sprinkler of pollutant, pressure balance pipe mounting hole, miniature barometer on the mounting hole of temperature sensor probe mounting hole, the even sprinkler mounting hole of pollutant, pressure balance pipe and the miniature barometer respectively.
The cylinder box chooses the PVC material for use, and thickness, the radius of cylinder box all are the same with cylinder top cap case, and the height of cylinder box is 800 supplyes 1500mm, and cylinder bottom of the case portion is equipped with the stainless steel support.
The sliding drawing plate is provided with a handle.
The number and the distribution spacing of the injectors and the sampling pipes are consistent; the sampling pipes are arranged on the side surface of the cylindrical box body at equal intervals of 10-20cm and are obliquely arranged upwards at 120-170 degrees so as to measure the flux of the greenhouse gases in different space depths in the cylindrical box body.
The stainless steel strip is provided with a threaded hole, the outer wall of the injector is provided with an external thread matched with the threaded hole, and the injector is screwed in the threaded hole through the external thread and is screwed and fixed with the stainless steel strip through the thread.
The distance d between the threaded holes on the stainless steel strip is calculated by the following formula:
d＝(Lsampling tube+LSyringe with a needle)×sinα
Wherein L isSyringe with a needleAnd LSyringe with a needleThe length of the injector before penetrating through the threaded hole and the length of the sampling tube are respectively, and alpha is the inclination angle of the sampling tube.
The junction of sampling pipe and cylinder box side all sets up the filtration gauze, filters the gauze and is used for preventing the bed mud in the cylinder box from blockking up the sampling pipe.
An experimental method of an experimental device for measuring the layered flux of greenhouse gases in a drainage ditch of a paddy field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, paving and filling bottom mud required by an experiment, uniformly paving quartz sand with the thickness of 30mm at the bottom of a cylindrical box body, paving a layer of gauze on the quartz sand, homogenizing the ditch bottom mud collected in situ, and uniformly paving the ditch bottom mud in the cylindrical box body to form a bottom mud layer, wherein the thickness of the bottom mud layer is 200-500 mm;
secondly, injecting water required by the experiment, slowly injecting the water required by the experiment into the cylindrical box body through the water injection port to form a water layer, keeping the thickness of the water layer to be 400-800mm, and forming an air layer above the water layer in the cylindrical box body;
thirdly, connecting the cylindrical top cover box with the cylindrical box body, placing the cylindrical top cover box on the cylindrical box body, and sealing the cylindrical top cover box by using a sealed rubber belt to prevent gas in the cylindrical box body from leaking;
fourthly, connecting a gas synchronous acquisition device, placing the gas synchronous acquisition device on the side surface of the cylindrical box body, connecting the injector with the sampling pipe through a three-way valve, and fixing a stainless steel base;
fifthly, uniformly spraying pollutants, quantitatively adding the pollutants required by the experiment, taking out a rubber bottle plug with an opening at the top of the material adding bottle, opening the opening at the top of the material adding bottle, adding the pollutants into the material adding bottle through the opening at the top of the material adding bottle, dropping the pollutants into 4 material spraying bottles through the material adding bottle, and paying off a fixed pulley at the top of the material adding bottle to ensure that the 4 material spraying bottles at the lower part respectively move around along corresponding steel wire ropes I so as to uniformly spray the pollutants into a cylindrical box body below;
sixthly, monitoring and sampling, namely collecting gas every 5 minutes within 0.25-5 days after pollutants such as sulfur fertilizer and the like are sprayed, adjusting a three-way valve to enable a sampling pipe to be communicated with an injector, simultaneously opening a rubber plug cap on a pressure balance pipe to ensure that the internal and external air pressures of the cylindrical box body are balanced, pulling a sliding drawing plate to drive a piston to move outwards in the injector, and simultaneously collecting gas samples at different depths in the cylindrical box body through the injector, the three-way valve and the sampling pipe; respectively measuring the air temperature and the air pressure in the cylindrical box body through a temperature sensor probe and a micro air pressure meter, and recording the air temperature and the air pressure in the cylindrical box body; after sampling, quickly covering a rubber plug cap of the air pressure balance pipe and sealing air in the cylindrical box body;
the seventh step: and (3) measuring a gas sample: measuring the collected gas by using a gas chromatograph, analyzing the concentration of the gas measured at different depths, and calculating the flux F of the gas measured by using the following formula:
wherein: d is the diffusion coefficient of greenhouse gas molecules in m2/s；ci,ci-1The concentration of the greenhouse gas obtained from two adjacent sampling pipes on the experimental device is in mg/m3(ii) a h is the distance between adjacent sampling tubes and the unit is m; f is the flux of greenhouse gas in mg/m2s；
Eighthly, setting different flow rates and water levels, adjusting the different flow rates through a peristaltic pump, controlling the different water levels through a water filling port, repeating the first step to the seventh step, and finishing the measurement of the pollutant addition amount and the addition frequency in the current round when all the preset flow rate and water level conditions are measured;
and ninthly, changing the addition amount and frequency of the pollutants, adding different amounts of pollutants at different frequencies, repeating the first step to the eighth step, and ending the experiment after the greenhouse gas flux measurement under all preset working conditions is finished.
The experimental device and the method for measuring the layered flux of the greenhouse gases in the drainage channel of the rice field provided by the invention have the advantages that the structure is reasonable, the production and the manufacture are easy, and the use is convenient, and the experimental device and the method for measuring the layered flux of the greenhouse gases in the drainage channel of the rice field mainly comprise a pollutant uniform spraying device, a cylindrical top cover box, a cylindrical box body, a temperature sensor probe, a pressure balance pipe, a micro barometer, a gas synchronous sampling device and an automatic water inlet and outlet device; the temperature sensor probe, the uniform pollutant spraying device, the pressure balance pipe and the miniature barometer are sequentially located on the left side, the middle side, the right side and the rightmost side of the top of the cylindrical top cover box respectively, the cylindrical box body is connected with the bottom of the cylindrical top cover box, the gas synchronous sampling device is located on the side face of the cylindrical box body, and the automatic water inlet and outlet device is connected with the top and the bottom of the cylindrical box body in a distributed mode.
Preferably, the cylindrical top cover box is made of PVC material, the height of the cylindrical top cover box is 500mm, the thickness of the cylindrical top cover box is 5mm, and the radius of the cylindrical top cover box is 200mm and 400 mm. The top of the cylindrical top cover box is provided with four mounting holes, and a temperature sensor, a pollutant uniform spraying device, a pressure balance pipe and a micro barometer are sequentially mounted from left to right; in addition, four steel wire ropes I which are gradually inclined and reduced from the center to the periphery are arranged at the cylindrical top cover box 2.
Preferably, the cylindrical box body is made of PVC material, the thickness and the radius of the cylindrical box body are the same as those of the cylindrical top cover box, the height of the cylindrical top cover box is 800-1500mm, the bottom of the cylindrical top cover box is provided with a stainless steel support, the side surface of the cylindrical top cover box is provided with a gas synchronous sampling device, and the top and the bottom of the cylindrical top cover box are respectively connected with an automatic water inlet and outlet device.
Preferably, the automatic water inlet and outlet device is respectively connected with the top and the bottom of the cylindrical box body, a water filling port is additionally arranged at the water inlet for adding required experimental water, a valve, a water outlet and a peristaltic pump are arranged at the water delivery outlet at the bottom of the cylindrical box body for respectively realizing water outlet discharge and flow control, and the water filling port and the water outlet are tightly plugged and sealed by a rubber plug when not in use so as to avoid gas leakage of the experimental device.
Preferably, the gas synchronous sampling device comprises a stainless steel frame, a stainless steel track, a steel wire rope 2, a sliding drawing plate, a piston, a handle, a stainless steel bar, a base, a three-way valve, a sampling pipe, an injector and a caster; sampling pipes are arranged on the side surface of the cylindrical box body at equal intervals of 10-20cm and are obliquely arranged at an angle of 120-180 degrees in order to measure the flux of greenhouse gases with different space depths, and in order to prevent bottom mud in the cylindrical box body from blocking the sampling pipes, filtering gauzes are arranged at the connecting parts of the sampling pipes and the side surface of the cylindrical box body.
Preferably, the number and distribution intervals of the injectors and the sampling pipes are consistent.
Preferably, the injector is externally provided with threads, sequentially passes through threaded holes in the stainless steel bars and is fastened, and the corresponding piston of the injector is fixedly connected with the sliding pulling plate; the pitch d of the threaded holes is calculated by:
d＝(Lsampling tube+LSyringe with a needle)×sinα
Wherein L isSyringe with a needleAnd LSyringe with a needleThe distribution is the length of the injector before penetrating through the threaded hole and the length of the sampling tube, and alpha is the inclination angle of the sampling tube. The bottom of the sliding drawing plate is provided with a caster which can slide or be fixed on a stainless steel track; the injector is connected with the sampling pipe through a three-way valve.
Preferably, the pollutant uniform spraying device comprises a rubber bottle plug, a fixed pulley, a steel wire rope III, a hanging ring, an object adding bottle, a uniform spraying bottle, a hook and a pore; the fixed pulleys totally two are fixed respectively at the both sides with thing bottle top, add the article and arrange the top of evenly spilling the thing bottle in, evenly spill the thing bottle and constitute by four fourth of small circle cylinders, the top all is equipped with rings and is connected with four wire rope I that are located the cylinder top cap case through the couple, evenly spill thing bottle bottom and be equipped with the pore, guarantee that the pollutant evenly spills to the cylinder box of below in.
An experimental method of an experimental device for measuring the layered flux of greenhouse gases in a drainage ditch of a paddy field comprises the following steps:
step one, customization of cylinder top cap case and cylinder box: customizing a cylindrical top cover box and a box body with consistent radius and thickness, and arranging sampling pipes of 120-170 degrees in the inclined direction at equal intervals on the side surface of the box body.
Step two, paving and filling bottom mud required by the experiment: quartz sand with the thickness of 30mm is uniformly paved at the bottom of the cylindrical box body, a layer of gauze is paved on the quartz sand, the ditch bottom mud collected in situ is homogenized and then uniformly paved in the cylindrical box body, and the thickness of the bottom mud layer is 200-500 mm.
Step three, injecting water required by the experiment: and slowly injecting the required water into the cylindrical box body through the water injection port, and keeping the thickness of the water layer to be 400-800 mm.
The fourth step, install even sprinkler of pollutant, temperature sensor probe, pressure balance pipe and miniature barometer: the pollutant uniform spraying device, the temperature sensor probe, the pressure balance pipe and the micro barometer sequentially penetrate through the left, middle, right and rightmost four mounting holes in the upper portion of the cylindrical top cover box and are fixedly mounted.
And fifthly, connecting the box cover and the box body: the cylindrical top cover box is arranged on the cylindrical box body and is sealed by a sealed rubber belt, so that gas in the device is prevented from leaking.
And a sixth step of connecting a gas synchronous acquisition device: arrange gaseous synchronous collection system in the side of cylinder box, pass the screw hole on the stainless steel strip in proper order with the syringe and fasten, then be connected syringe and sampling pipe through the three-way valve, fix the stainless steel base at last.
Seventhly, uniformly spraying pollutants: the required pollutant of experiment is added to the ration, lets simultaneously to add the fixed pulley unwrapping wire at thing bottle top for the even thing bottle that spills of lower part is to moving all around respectively along the wire rope I at top, realizes that the pollutant evenly spills into in the cylinder box of below.
Step eight, monitoring and sampling: collecting gas every 5 minutes within 0.25-5 days after pollutants such as sulfur fertilizer and the like are sprayed, adjusting a three-way valve to enable a sampling pipe to be communicated with an injector, simultaneously opening a rubber plug cap on a pressure balance pipe to ensure balance of air pressure inside and outside a cylindrical box body, pulling a sliding pumping plate to synchronously collect gas samples of different space depths of the cylindrical box body, and recording the air pressure and the air pressure inside the box body; after sampling, the rubber plug cap of the air pressure balance tube is quickly covered tightly and the air in the cylindrical box body is sealed.
The ninth step: and (3) measuring a gas sample: measuring the collected gas by using a gas chromatograph, analyzing the concentration of the gas measured at different depths, and calculating the flux F of the gas measured by using the following formula:
wherein: d is the diffusion coefficient of greenhouse gas molecules in m2/s；ci,ci-1The concentration of the greenhouse gas obtained from two adjacent sampling pipes on the experimental device is in mg/m3(ii) a h is the distance between adjacent sampling tubes and the unit is m; f is the flux of greenhouse gasIn units of mg/m2s。
Tenth step, setting different flow rates and water levels, adjusting the different flow rates through a peristaltic pump, controlling the different water levels through a water filling port, repeating the first step to the seventh step, and finishing the measurement of the pollutant addition amount and the addition frequency in the current round when all the preset flow rate and water level conditions are measured;
and step eleven, changing the addition amount and frequency of the pollutants, adding different amounts of pollutants at different frequencies, repeating the steps from the first step to the eighth step, and ending the experiment after the greenhouse gas flux measurement under all preset working conditions is finished.
Has the advantages that: the invention relates to an experimental device and method for measuring layered flux of greenhouse gases in a drainage channel of a paddy field, which can realize synchronous sampling of greenhouse gases at different depths in the drainage channel of the paddy field under the control of different hydrodynamic conditions under different concentrations and input frequencies of pollutants such as sulfur fertilizer and the like, overcome field environment interference and accurately and quantitatively measure the emission flux of the greenhouse gases at different spatial depths; the experimental simulation device and the simulation method are provided for researching the release rule of the greenhouse gases in the drainage channel under the input of pollutants such as sulfur fertilizer and the like, the cost is low, the operation is simple and convenient, and the experimental method and the technical support are provided for accurately determining and better improving the emission flux of the greenhouse gases in the drainage channel of the paddy field.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a uniform contaminant spray apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the gas synchronous sampling apparatus of the present invention;
in the figure: 1 temperature sensor probe, 2 cylindrical top cover box, 3 steel wire rope I, 4 cylindrical box body, 5 gas synchronous acquisition device, 6 filter gauze, 7 pollutant uniform spraying device, 8 pressure balance pipe, 9 micro barometer, 10 air layer, 11 water injection port, 12 water inlet, 13 water layer, 14 scaleplate, 15 waterway pipeline, 16 bottom mud layer, 17 gauze, 18 quartz sand, 19 valve, 20 peristaltic pump, 21 water outlet, 22 stainless steel bracket, 5-1 stainless steel frame, 5-2 stainless steel track, 5-3 steel wire rope II, 5-4 sliding pumping plate, 5-5 piston, 5-6 handle, 5-7 stainless steel bar, 5-8 base, 5-9 truckle, 5-10 three-way valve, 5-11 sampling pipe, 5-12 injector, 7-1 rubber stopper, 7-2 fixed pulley, 7-11 fixed pulley, 7-3 steel wire ropes III, 7-4 lifting rings, 7-5 uniform sprinkling bottles, 7-6 additive bottles, 7-7 hooks and 7-8 fine holes.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the description thereof.
The utility model provides a measure experimental apparatus of paddy field escape canal greenhouse gas layering flux, includes temperature sensor probe 1, cylinder top cap case 2, cylinder box 4, gaseous synchronous collection system 5, the even sprinkler 7 of pollutant, pressure balance pipe 8, miniature barometer 9, automatic business turn over water installation.
The cylindrical top cover box 2 is made of PVC materials, the height of the cylindrical top cover box 2 is 300mm, the thickness of the cylindrical top cover box is 5mm, and the radius of the cylindrical top cover box is 250 mm; set up four mounting holes at the top of cylinder top cap case 2, be temperature sensor probe mounting hole respectively from a left side to the right side, the even sprinkler mounting hole of pollutant, pressure balance pipe mounting hole, miniature barometer mounting hole, install temperature sensor probe 1 on temperature sensor probe mounting hole, the even sprinkler mounting hole of pollutant, pressure balance pipe mounting hole, the miniature barometer mounting hole respectively, the even sprinkler 7 of pollutant, pressure balance pipe 8 and miniature barometer 9. The PVC material is also selected for use to cylinder box 4, and thickness, the radius of cylinder box 4 all are the same with cylinder top cap case 2, and the height of cylinder box 4 is 800mm, and cylinder box 4 bottom is equipped with stainless steel support 22. The side surface of the cylindrical box body 4 is provided with a gas synchronous sampling device 5, and the top and the bottom are respectively connected with an automatic water inlet and outlet device.
The cylindrical top cover box 2 is connected with the cylindrical box body 4 in a downward connection mode, the cylindrical top cover box 2 covers the cylindrical box body 4, and a scale 14 is arranged on the cylindrical box body 4; the temperature sensor probe 1 is arranged on the left side of the top of the cylindrical top cover box 2 and penetrates through the cylindrical top cover box 2 to extend into the cylindrical box body 4; pressure balance pipe 8, miniature barometer 9 are all installed in the right side of cylinder top cap case 2, and pressure balance pipe 8, miniature barometer 9 all pass cylinder top cap case 2 and stretch in cylinder box 3, and miniature barometer 9 is located pressure balance pipe 8's right side, and pressure balance pipe 8 stopper has the rubber stopper cap.
The automatic water inlet and outlet device comprises a water inlet 12, a water filling port 11, a water outlet 21, a valve 19, a peristaltic pump 20 and a water channel pipeline 15, wherein two ends of the water channel pipeline 15 are respectively communicated with the same side of the cylindrical box body 4, one end of the water channel pipeline is positioned on the upper side of the cylindrical box body 4, the other end of the water channel pipeline is positioned on the lower side of the cylindrical box body 4, one end of the water channel pipeline 15 positioned on the upper side of the cylindrical box body 4 is provided with the water inlet 12, and the water filling port 11 is arranged on the water channel pipeline 15 close to the water inlet 12; a valve 19, a peristaltic pump 20 and a water outlet 21 are arranged at one end of the waterway pipeline 15 positioned at the lower side of the cylindrical box body 4, the valve 19, the peristaltic pump 20 and the water outlet 21 are arranged on the waterway pipeline 15, and the through parts from the waterway pipeline 15 to the lower side of the cylindrical box body 4 are sequentially arranged from near to far; the water filling port 11 and the water inlet 12 are positioned at the upper part of the waterway pipeline 15, and the valve 19, the peristaltic pump 20 and the water outlet 21 are positioned at the lower part of the waterway pipeline 15; rubber plugs are plugged in the water filling port 11 and the water discharging port 21; wherein, water filling port 11 is used for adding required experimental water, and valve 19 is established at bottom water output department, and outlet 21 is used for the water that does not discharge, and peristaltic pump 20 can realize the control to the water flow, and water filling port 11 and outlet 21 are airtight with the rubber skin stopper and avoid experimental apparatus gas to leak during the experiment.
The gas synchronous sampling device 5 is positioned on the side face of the cylindrical box body 4, and the gas synchronous sampling device 5 comprises 5-1 parts of a stainless steel frame, 5-2 parts of a stainless steel track, 5-3 parts of a steel wire rope II5-3 parts of a sliding drawing plate, 5-4 parts of a piston, 5-7 parts of a stainless steel bar, 5-8 parts of a base, 5-10 parts of a three-way valve, 5-11 parts of a sampling pipe, 5-12 parts of an injector and 5-9 parts of a caster.
The bottom of the stainless steel frame 5-1 is provided with a base 5-8, and the upper part and the lower part of the stainless steel frame 5-1 are both provided with stainless steel rails 5-2; the upper end and the lower end of the sliding drawing plate 5-4 are respectively provided with a caster 5-9, the casters 5-9 at the upper end and the lower end of the sliding drawing plate 5-4 are respectively arranged in the stainless steel rail 5-2 at the upper part and the stainless steel rail 5-2 at the lower part of the stainless steel frame 5-1, and the sliding drawing plate 5-4 can slide on the stainless steel frame 5-1 under the action of the casters 5-9.
The stainless steel strips 5-7 are arranged on a stainless steel frame 5-1, a plurality of injectors 5-12 are fixedly arranged on the stainless steel strips 5-7 at equal intervals, one ends of the injectors 5-12 are communicated with a three-way valve 5-10, pistons 5-5 are inserted into the other ends of the injectors 5-12, one ends of the pistons 5-5 are inserted into the injectors 5-12, and the other ends of the pistons are fixedly connected with a sliding drawing plate 5-4; one end of the three-way valve 5-10 is communicated with the injector 5-12, and the other end is communicated with the sampling pipe 5-11.
One end of a sampling pipe 5-11 is communicated with the three-way valve 5-10, the other end of the sampling pipe is obliquely arranged on the side surface of the cylindrical box body 4, and the sampling pipe 5-11 is communicated with the cylindrical box body 4; a plurality of sampling pipes 5-11 are arranged on the side surface of the cylindrical box body 4 at equal intervals; and opening the three-way valve 5-10, moving the sliding drawing plate 5-4 to drive the piston 5-5 to move in the injector 5-12, and when the piston 5-5 moves outwards, drawing air in the cylindrical box body 3 through the injector 5-12, the three-way valve 5-10 and the sampling pipe 5-11.
In addition, threaded holes are formed in the stainless steel bars 5-7, external threads matched with the threaded holes are arranged on the outer walls of the injectors 5-12, and the injectors 5-12 are screwed in the threaded holes through the external threads and are screwed and fixed with the stainless steel bars 5-7 through the threads.
The distance d between the threaded holes on the stainless steel bars 5-7 is calculated by the following formula:
d＝(Lsampling tube+LSyringe with a needle)×sinα
Wherein L isSyringe with a needleAnd LSyringe with a needleThe length of the injector 5-12 before penetrating through the threaded hole and the length of the sampling tube 5-11 are respectively, and alpha is the inclination angle of the sampling tube 5-11.
A handle 5-6 which is convenient for moving the sliding drawing plate 5-4 is arranged on the sliding drawing plate 5-4. The number and the distribution spacing of the injectors 5-12 and the sampling pipes 5-11 are consistent; the sampling pipes 5-11 are arranged on the side surface of the cylindrical box body 4 at equal intervals of 10cm and are obliquely upwards for 150 degrees so as to measure the flux of the greenhouse gas at different spatial depths in the cylindrical box body 4.
The connection parts of the sampling pipes 5 to 11 and the side surface of the cylindrical box body 4 are all provided with a filter gauze 6, and the filter gauze 6 is used for preventing bottom mud in the cylindrical box body 4 from blocking the sampling pipes 5 to 11.
The uniform pollutant spraying device 7 comprises an adding bottle 7-6 and 4 spraying bottles 7-5, wherein fixed pulleys 7-2 are arranged on two sides of the top of the adding bottle 7-6, and a rubber bottle stopper 7-1 is plugged in an opening at the top of the adding bottle 7-6; the sprinkling bottle 7-5 is in a quarter cylinder shape, 4 sprinkling bottles 7-5 form an integral cylinder, the top of the sprinkling bottle 7-5 is provided with an inlet hole, the bottom is provided with a fine hole 7-8, the adding bottle 7-6 is arranged at the top of the 4 sprinkling bottles 7-5, the bottom of the adding bottle 7-6 is provided with a bottom opening, and when the 4 sprinkling bottles 7-5 are combined into the integral cylinder, the inlet hole at the top of the 4 sprinkling bottles 7-5 is communicated with the bottom opening of the adding bottle 7-6.
The feeding bottle 7-6 is arranged in the center of the cylindrical top cover box 2, the top opening of the feeding bottle 7-6 is positioned outside the cylindrical top cover box 2, and the bottom opening of the feeding bottle 7-6 is positioned inside the cylindrical top cover box 2; 4 steel wire ropes I3 are fixed at the center of the inner side of the cylindrical top cover box 2, one ends of the 4 steel wire ropes I3 are fixed with the center of the inner side of the cylindrical top cover box 2, and the other ends of the 4 steel wire ropes I3 are fixed at the side of the cylindrical top cover box 2 in a uniformly distributed manner; 4 steel wire ropes I3 are gradually inclined and reduced from the center of the inner side of the cylindrical top cover box 2 to the periphery;
the top parts of the 4 sprinkling bottles 7-5 are provided with a hanging ring 7-4 and a hook 7-7, and the 4 sprinkling bottles 7-5 are respectively hung on the corresponding 4 steel wire ropes I3 through the hooks 7-7; steel wire ropes III7-3 are fixed on the hoisting rings 7-4 of the 4 sprinkling bottles 7-5, the steel wire ropes III7-3 on the 2 sprinkling bottles 7-5 on the same side are wound on the fixed pulley 7-2 on the same side, the end parts of the steel wire ropes III are fixed with the fixed pulley 7-2, and 2 steel wire ropes III7-3 are wound on each fixed pulley 7-2;
when the fixed pulley 7-2 is rotated positively and negatively, the steel wire rope III7-3 is driven to wind on the fixed pulley 7-2 or unscrew from the fixed pulley 7-2; when the steel wire rope III7-3 is unscrewed from the fixed pulley 7-2, the steel wire rope III7-3 extends, 4 sprinkling bottles 7-5 move along the corresponding 4 steel wire ropes I3 and move to the periphery of the cylindrical top cover box 2, and pollutants are filled in the sprinkling bottles 7-5, the pollutants in the 4 sprinkling bottles 7-5 can be guaranteed to be uniformly sprinkled into the cylindrical box body 4 below through the fine holes 7-8;
an experimental method of an experimental device for measuring the layered flux of greenhouse gases in a drainage ditch of a paddy field comprises the following steps:
firstly, paving and filling bottom mud required by an experiment, uniformly paving quartz sand 18 with the thickness of 30mm at the bottom of a cylindrical box body 4, paving a layer of gauze 17 on the quartz sand, homogenizing the ditch bottom mud collected in situ, and uniformly paving the ditch bottom mud in the cylindrical box body 4 to form a bottom mud layer 16, wherein the thickness of the bottom mud layer 16 is 200 mm;
secondly, injecting water needed by the experiment, slowly injecting the water needed by the experiment into the cylindrical box body 4 through the water injection port 11 to form a water layer 3, keeping the thickness of the water layer 13 to be 400mm, and arranging an air layer 10 above the water layer 3 in the cylindrical box body 4;
thirdly, connecting the cylindrical top cover box 2 with the cylindrical box body 4, placing the cylindrical top cover box 2 on the cylindrical box body 4, and sealing the cylindrical top cover box with a sealed rubber belt to prevent gas in the cylindrical box body 4 from leaking;
fourthly, connecting a gas synchronous acquisition device 5, placing the gas synchronous acquisition device 5 on the side surface of the cylindrical box body 4, connecting an injector 5-12 with a sampling pipe 5-11 through a three-way valve 5-10, and fixing a stainless steel base 5-8;
fifthly, uniformly spraying pollutants, quantitatively adding the pollutants required by the experiment, taking out the rubber bottle stopper 7-1 with an opening at the top of the adding bottle 7-6, opening the opening at the top of the adding bottle 7-6, adding the pollutants into the adding bottle 7-6 through the opening at the top of the adding bottle 7-6, allowing the pollutants to fall into 4 sprinkling bottles 7-5 through the adding bottle 7-6, and paying off a fixed pulley 7-2 at the top of the adding bottle 7-6 to ensure that the 4 sprinkling bottles 7-5 at the lower part respectively move around along corresponding steel wire ropes I3 so as to uniformly sprinkle the pollutants into the cylindrical box body 4 below;
sixthly, monitoring and sampling, namely collecting gas every 5 minutes within 0.25-5 days after pollutants such as sulfur fertilizer and the like are sprayed, adjusting a three-way valve 5-10 to enable a sampling pipe 5-11 to be communicated with an injector 5-12, simultaneously opening a rubber plug cap on a pressure balance pipe 8 to ensure that the internal and external air pressures of the cylindrical box body 4 are balanced, pulling a sliding drawing plate 5-4 to drive a piston 5-5 to move outwards in the injector 5-12, and simultaneously collecting gas samples at different depths in the cylindrical box body 4 through the injector 5-12, the three-way valve 5-10 and the sampling pipe 5-11; respectively measuring the air temperature and the air pressure in the cylindrical box body 3 through the temperature sensor probe 1 and the micro barometer 9, and recording the air temperature and the air pressure in the cylindrical box body 4; after sampling, quickly covering a rubber plug cap of the air pressure balance pipe 8 and sealing the air in the cylindrical box body 4;
the seventh step: and (3) measuring a gas sample: measuring the collected gas by using a gas chromatograph, analyzing the concentration of the gas measured at different depths, and calculating the flux F of the gas measured by using the following formula:
wherein: d is the diffusion coefficient of greenhouse gas molecules in m2/s；ci,ci-1The concentration of the greenhouse gas obtained in two adjacent sampling pipes 5 to 11 on the experimental device is in mg/m3(ii) a h is the distance between adjacent sampling pipes 5 to 11, and the unit is m; f is the flux of greenhouse gas in mg/m2s；
Eighthly, setting different flow rates and water levels, adjusting the different flow rates through the peristaltic pump 20, controlling the different water levels through the water filling port 11, repeating the first step to the seventh step, and finishing the measurement under the working conditions of the pollutant addition amount and the addition frequency in the current round when all the preset flow rate and water level conditions are measured;
and ninthly, changing the addition amount and frequency of the pollutants, adding different amounts of pollutants at different frequencies, repeating the first step to the eighth step, and ending the experiment after the greenhouse gas flux measurement under all preset working conditions is finished.
The invention can realize the accurate measurement of the greenhouse gas emission flux in the drainage channel of the paddy field at different spatial depths under the control of different hydrodynamic conditions and different concentrations and input frequencies of pollutants such as sulfur fertilizer and the like, and provides an experimental method and a technical support for accurately determining and better improving the greenhouse gas emission flux in the drainage channel of the paddy field.
The method is simple and convenient to operate, low in cost and of great significance for accurately determining and further slowing down the emission of greenhouse gases in the drainage channel of the rice field.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. An experimental device for measuring the layered flux of greenhouse gases in a drainage ditch of a paddy field comprises a temperature sensor probe (1), a cylindrical top cover box (2), a cylindrical box body (4), a gas synchronous acquisition device (5), a pollutant uniform spraying device (7), a pressure balance pipe (8), a miniature barometer (9) and an automatic water inlet and outlet device;
the cylindrical top cover box (2) is connected with the cylindrical box body (4) in a downward connection mode, the cylindrical top cover box (2) covers the cylindrical box body (4), and a scale (14) is arranged on the cylindrical box body (4); the temperature sensor probe (1) is arranged on the left side of the top of the cylindrical top cover box (2) and penetrates through the cylindrical top cover box (2) to extend into the cylindrical box body (4); the pressure balance pipe (8) and the miniature barometer (9) are both arranged on the right side of the cylindrical top cover box (2), the pressure balance pipe (8) and the miniature barometer (9) both penetrate through the cylindrical top cover box (2) and extend into the cylindrical box body (4), the miniature barometer (9) is positioned on the right side of the pressure balance pipe (8), and the pressure balance pipe (8) is plugged with a rubber plug cap;
the uniform pollutant spraying device (7) comprises an object adding bottle (7-6) and 4 object spraying bottles (7-5), wherein fixed pulleys (7-2) are installed on two sides of the top of the object adding bottle (7-6), and a rubber bottle stopper (7-1) is plugged in an opening in the top of the object adding bottle (7-6); the sprinkling bottles (7-5) are in a quarter cylinder shape, 4 sprinkling bottles (7-5) form an integral cylinder, the top of each sprinkling bottle (7-5) is provided with an inlet hole, the bottom of each sprinkling bottle is provided with a fine hole (7-8), the additive bottles (7-6) are placed at the tops of the 4 sprinkling bottles (7-5), the bottom of each additive bottle (7-6) is provided with a bottom opening, and when the 4 sprinkling bottles (7-5) are combined into the integral cylinder, the inlet holes at the tops of the 4 sprinkling bottles (7-5) are communicated with the bottom openings of the additive bottles (7-6);
the feeding bottle (7-6) is arranged in the center of the cylindrical top cover box (2), the top opening of the feeding bottle (7-6) is positioned on the outer side of the cylindrical top cover box (2), and the bottom opening of the feeding bottle (7-6) is positioned on the inner side of the cylindrical top cover box (2); 4 steel wire ropes I (3) are fixed at the center of the inner side of the cylindrical top cover box (2), one ends of the 4 steel wire ropes I (3) are fixed with the center of the inner side of the cylindrical top cover box (2), and the other ends of the 4 steel wire ropes I (3) are fixed on the side of the cylindrical top cover box (2) in a uniformly distributed manner; 4 steel wire ropes I (3) are gradually inclined and reduced from the center of the inner side of the cylindrical top cover box (2) to the periphery;
the top parts of the 4 sprinkling bottles (7-5) are provided with a hanging ring (7-4) and a hook (7-7), and the 4 sprinkling bottles (7-5) are respectively hung on the corresponding 4 steel wire ropes I (3) through the hooks (7-7); steel wire ropes III (7-3) are fixed on the hoisting rings (7-4) of the 4 sprinkling bottles (7-5), the steel wire ropes III (7-3) on the 2 sprinkling bottles (7-5) on the same side are wound on the fixed pulleys (7-2) on the same side, the end parts of the steel wire ropes III are fixed with the fixed pulleys (7-2), and 2 steel wire ropes III (7-3) are wound on each fixed pulley (7-2);
when the fixed pulley (7-2) is rotated forwards and backwards, the steel wire rope III (7-3) is driven to wind on the fixed pulley (7-2) or unscrew from the fixed pulley (7-2); when the steel wire rope III (7-3) is unscrewed from the fixed pulley (7-2), the steel wire rope III (7-3) extends, 4 sprinkling bottles (7-5) move along the corresponding 4 steel wire ropes I (3) and move to the periphery of the cylindrical top cover box (2), and pollutants are filled in the sprinkling bottles (7-5), so that the pollutants in the 4 sprinkling bottles (7-5) can be uniformly sprinkled into the cylindrical box body (4) below through the fine holes (7-8);
the automatic water inlet and outlet device comprises a water channel pipeline (15), two ends of the water channel pipeline (15) are respectively communicated with the same side of the cylindrical box body (4), one end of the water channel pipeline is positioned on the upper side of the cylindrical box body (4), the other end of the water channel pipeline is positioned on the lower side of the cylindrical box body (4), one end of the water channel pipeline (15) positioned on the upper side of the cylindrical box body (4) is provided with a water inlet (12), and a water filling port (11) is arranged on the water channel pipeline (15) close to the water inlet (12); a valve (19), a peristaltic pump (20) and a water outlet (21) are arranged at one end of a water channel pipeline (15) positioned at the lower side of the cylindrical box body (4), the valve (19), the peristaltic pump (20) and the water outlet (21) are arranged on the water channel pipeline (15), and the through positions from the water channel pipeline (15) to the lower side of the cylindrical box body (4) are sequentially arranged from near to far; the water injection port (11) and the water inlet (12) are positioned at the upper part of the waterway pipeline (15), and the valve (19), the peristaltic pump (20) and the water outlet (21) are positioned at the lower part of the waterway pipeline (15); rubber plugs are plugged in the water filling port (11) and the water discharging port (21);
the gas synchronous acquisition device (5) is positioned on the side face of the cylindrical box body (4), and the gas synchronous acquisition device (5) comprises a stainless steel frame (5-1), a stainless steel track (5-2), a steel wire rope II (5-3), a sliding pulling plate (5-4), a piston (5-5), a stainless steel strip (5-7), a base (5-8), a three-way valve (5-10), a sampling pipe (5-11), an injector (5-12) and a caster (5-9);
a base (5-8) is arranged at the bottom of the stainless steel frame (5-1), and stainless steel rails (5-2) are arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the stainless steel frame (5-1); the upper end and the lower end of the sliding drawing plate (5-4) are respectively provided with a caster (5-9), the casters (5-9) at the upper end and the lower end of the sliding drawing plate (5-4) are respectively arranged in a stainless steel track (5-2) at the upper part and a stainless steel track (5-2) at the lower part of the stainless steel frame (5-1), and the sliding drawing plate (5-4) can slide on the stainless steel frame (5-1) under the action of the casters (5-9);
the stainless steel strips (5-7) are arranged on a stainless steel frame (5-1), a plurality of injectors (5-12) are fixedly arranged on the stainless steel strips (5-7) at equal intervals, one ends of the injectors (5-12) are communicated with a three-way valve (5-10), pistons (5-5) are inserted into the other ends of the injectors (5-12), one ends of the pistons (5-5) are inserted into the injectors (5-12), and the other ends of the pistons are fixedly connected with a sliding pulling plate (5-4); one end of the three-way valve (5-10) is communicated with the injector (5-12), and the other end is communicated with the sampling pipe (5-11);
one end of the sampling pipe (5-11) is communicated with the three-way valve (5-10), the other end of the sampling pipe is obliquely arranged on the side surface of the cylindrical box body (4), and the sampling pipe (5-11) is communicated with the cylindrical box body (4); a plurality of sampling pipes (5-11) are arranged on the side surface of the cylindrical box body (4) at equal intervals; opening a three-way valve (5-10), moving a sliding drawing plate (5-4) to drive a piston (5-5) to move in an injector (5-12), and when the piston (5-5) moves outwards, drawing air in the cylindrical box body (4) through the injector (5-12), the three-way valve (5-10) and a sampling pipe (5-11);
the cylindrical top cover box (2) is made of PVC materials, the height of the cylindrical top cover box (2) is 500mm, the thickness is 5mm, and the radius is 200mm and 400 mm;
the top of the cylindrical top cover box (2) is provided with four mounting holes, namely a temperature sensor probe mounting hole, a pollutant uniform spraying device mounting hole, a pressure balance pipe mounting hole and a micro barometer mounting hole from left to right, and the temperature sensor probe mounting hole, the pollutant uniform spraying device mounting hole, the pressure balance pipe mounting hole and the micro barometer mounting hole are respectively provided with a temperature sensor probe (1), a pollutant uniform spraying device (7), a pressure balance pipe (8) and a micro barometer (9);
the number and the distribution spacing of the injectors (5-12) and the sampling pipes (5-11) are consistent; the sampling pipes (5-11) are arranged on the side surface of the cylindrical box body (4) at equal intervals of 10-20cm and at an angle of 120 DEG and 170 DEG in the inclined direction so as to measure the flux of the greenhouse gases at different spatial depths in the cylindrical box body (4);
the stainless steel bars (5-7) are provided with threaded holes, the outer wall of the injector (5-12) is provided with external threads matched with the threaded holes, and the injector (5-12) is screwed in the threaded holes through the external threads and is screwed and fixed with the stainless steel bars (5-7) through the threads;
the distance d between the threaded holes on the stainless steel bars (5-7) is calculated by the following formula:
d＝(Lsampling tube+LSyringe with a needle)×sinα
Wherein L isSyringe with a needleAnd LSyringe with a needleThe length of the injector (5-12) before penetrating through the threaded hole and the length of the sampling tube (5-11) are respectively, and alpha is the inclination angle of the sampling tube (5-11).
2. The experimental device for measuring the layered flux of greenhouse gases in the drainage channels of the paddy fields as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cylindrical box body (4) is made of PVC, the thickness and the radius of the cylindrical box body (4) are the same as those of the cylindrical top cover box (2), the height of the cylindrical box body (4) is 800-1500mm, and the bottom of the cylindrical box body (4) is provided with the stainless steel bracket (22).
3. The experimental device for measuring the layered flux of greenhouse gases in the drainage channels of the paddy fields as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sliding pumping plate (5-4) is provided with a handle (5-6).
4. The experimental device for measuring the layered flux of greenhouse gases in the drainage channels of the paddy fields as claimed in claim 1, wherein the connection parts of the sampling pipes (5-11) and the side surfaces of the cylindrical box body (4) are respectively provided with a filtering gauze (6), and the filtering gauze (6) is used for preventing bottom mud in the cylindrical box body (4) from blocking the sampling pipes (5-11).
5. The experimental method for measuring the layered flux of greenhouse gases in the drainage canal of the paddy field according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, paving and filling bottom mud required by an experiment, uniformly paving quartz sand (18) with the thickness of 30mm at the bottom of a cylindrical box body (4), paving a layer of gauze (17) on the quartz sand, homogenizing the ditch bottom mud collected in situ, and uniformly paving the ditch bottom mud in the cylindrical box body (4) to form a bottom mud layer (16), wherein the thickness of the bottom mud layer (16) is 200-500 mm;
secondly, injecting water needed by the experiment, slowly injecting the water needed by the experiment into the cylindrical box body (4) through the water injection port (11) to form a water layer (13), keeping the thickness of the water layer (13) to be 400-800mm, and arranging an air layer (10) above the water layer (13) in the cylindrical box body (4);
thirdly, connecting the cylindrical top cover box (2) with the cylindrical box body (4), placing the cylindrical top cover box (2) on the cylindrical box body (4), and sealing the cylindrical top cover box with a sealed rubber belt to prevent gas in the cylindrical box body (4) from leaking;
fourthly, connecting a gas synchronous acquisition device (5), placing the gas synchronous acquisition device (5) on the side surface of the cylindrical box body (4), connecting an injector (5-12) with a sampling pipe (5-11) through a three-way valve (5-10), and fixing a base (5-8);
fifthly, uniformly spraying pollutants, quantitatively adding the pollutants required by the experiment, taking out the rubber bottle plug (7-1) with the top opening of the adding bottle (7-6), opening the top opening of the adding bottle (7-6), adding the pollutants into the adding bottle (7-6) through the top opening of the adding bottle (7-6), dropping the pollutants into 4 sprinkling bottles (7-5) through the adding bottle (7-6), and paying off a fixed pulley (7-2) at the top of the adding bottle (7-6) to ensure that the 4 sprinkling bottles (7-5) at the lower part respectively move around along corresponding steel wire ropes I (3) so as to uniformly sprinkle the pollutants into the cylindrical box body (4) below;
sixthly, monitoring and sampling, wherein in 0.25-5 days after pollutants such as sulfur fertilizer and the like are sprayed, gas is collected every 5 minutes, the three-way valve (5-10) is adjusted to enable the sampling pipe (5-11) to be communicated with the injector (5-12), a rubber plug cap on the pressure balance pipe (8) is opened at the same time to ensure the balance of the internal and external air pressures of the cylindrical box body (4), the sliding drawing plate (5-4) is pulled to drive the piston (5-5) to move outwards in the injector (5-12), and gas samples at different depths in the cylindrical box body (4) are collected simultaneously through the injector (5-12), the three-way valve (5-10) and the sampling pipe (5-11); respectively measuring the air temperature and the air pressure in the cylindrical box body (4) through the temperature sensor probe (1) and the micro barometer (9), and recording the air temperature and the air pressure in the cylindrical box body (4); after sampling, quickly covering a rubber plug cap of the pressure balance pipe (8) tightly and sealing the gas in the cylindrical box body (4);
the seventh step: and (3) measuring a gas sample: measuring the collected gas by using a gas chromatograph, analyzing the concentration of the gas measured at different depths, and calculating the flux F of the gas measured by using the following formula:
wherein: d is the diffusion coefficient of greenhouse gas molecules in m2/s；ci,ci-1The concentration of the greenhouse gas obtained in two adjacent sampling pipes (5-11) on the experimental device is in mg/m3(ii) a h is the distance between adjacent sampling pipes (5-11) and the unit is m; f is the flux of greenhouse gas in mg/m2s；
Eighthly, setting different flow rates and water levels, adjusting the different flow rates through a peristaltic pump (20), controlling the different water levels through a water filling port (11), repeating the first step to the seventh step, and finishing the measurement under the working conditions of the pollutant addition amount and the addition frequency in the current round when all the preset flow rate and water level conditions are measured;
and ninthly, changing the addition amount and frequency of the pollutants, adding different amounts of pollutants at different frequencies, repeating the first step to the eighth step, and ending the experiment after the greenhouse gas flux measurement under all preset working conditions is finished.
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