CN115073624B - 一种从黑果腺肋花楸果渣中提取多糖的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种从黑果腺肋花楸果渣中提取多糖的方法:(1)将黑果腺肋花楸果渣进行干燥,干燥后粉碎,获得黑果腺肋花楸果渣粉末;(2)将黑果腺肋花楸果渣粉末按照料液比(1:2‑1:8)g/mL加入提取溶剂,超声提取,然后固液分离,获得提取液;提取液浓缩干燥,获得黑果腺肋花楸多糖;提取溶剂为摩尔比为1:(1.5‑2)的氯化胆碱和柠檬酸的混合。本发明提高了黑果腺肋花楸的综合利用、降低了固体废物的数量和处理难度;提取条件温和,且提取溶剂能重复利用,减少了环境污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品领域,涉及一种从黑果腺肋花楸中提取多糖的方法。
背景技术
黑果腺肋花楸(Aronia melanocarpa)别名黑涩石楠,俗称不老莓,属蔷薇科腺肋花楸属落叶灌木,原产于北美,后经品种选育和引种栽培,慢慢扩展至欧洲,在世界范围已有100余年种植历史,目前已形成了具有一定规模的栽培面积和相关配套加工产业。中国自20世纪90年代引种,目前在辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、山东、江苏、安徽等省份均有种植。黑果腺肋花楸果实较小、多汁的一类水果,其资源丰富,种类多,含有丰富的氨基酸、维生素、膳食纤维等营养成分,还含有大量的鞣花酸、花青素、类黄酮等生物活性物质,被称为“第三代黄金水果”。
黑果腺肋花楸果在榨取果汁后,剩下果渣的固态部分,包括果肉、果皮和果籽等仍含有较多的多糖和花青素等活性成分,提高黑果腺肋花楸果渣综合利用既可以得到有效的活性成分,也可以避免资源浪费和不必要的污染。所以,开展黑果腺肋花楸果渣利用研究具有重要的实际应用意义。
发明内容
针对目前缺少黑果腺肋花楸果渣综合利用开发技术的问题,本发明提供一种从黑果腺肋花楸果渣中提取多糖的方法,操作工艺简单,适于工厂规模化生产,所得的多糖纯度较高。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案。
一种从黑果腺肋花楸果渣中提取多糖的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将黑果腺肋花楸果渣进行干燥,干燥后粉碎,获得黑果腺肋花楸果渣粉末;
(2)将黑果腺肋花楸果渣粉末按照料液比(1:2-1:8)g/mL加入提取溶剂,超声提取,然后固液分离,获得提取液;提取液浓缩干燥,获得黑果腺肋花楸多糖。
步骤(1)中,果渣是黑果腺肋花楸榨汁后剩余的渣料。
步骤(1)中,所述干燥选自微波真空干燥、微波干燥、冷冻干燥、烘干;优选为微波真空干燥。
步骤(1)中,所述黑果腺肋花楸果渣粉末的含水量不高于5%w/w。
步骤(1)中,粉碎的细度可根据多糖提取效果和后续工艺的操作简便性进行常规筛选,较细的粉末有利于提取,如80-250目细度的粉末;但更细的粉末在固液分离时操作简便性降低。进一步地,对于80-250目细度的粉末,步骤(2)中,优选的超声的功率为300-800W;超声的温度为50-75℃;超声的时间为40min-90min。
为了尽可能提高多糖提取率,可以一次或多次重复步骤(2)中的超声提取和固液分离。
步骤(2)中,固液分离的方式可以是过滤、离心等常规方法,并不影响多糖的提取率。
步骤(2)中,提取溶剂为摩尔比为1:(1.5-2)的氯化胆碱和柠檬酸的混合。
一种上述方法获得的黑果腺肋花楸多糖。
一种上述黑果腺肋花楸果渣多糖在制备保健食品或药品中的应用。
本发明具有以下优点:
本发明以黑果腺肋花楸果渣为原料提取,提高了黑果腺肋花楸的综合利用、降低了固体废物的数量和处理难度。本发明提供的方法提取条件温和,且提取溶剂能重复利用,减少了环境污染。获得的黑果腺肋花楸多糖作为抗氧化剂可直接清除过量的氧自由基而达到抗氧化目的,可将其作为食品或药品原料加以利用。
附图说明
图1是不同摩尔比的氯化胆碱-柠檬酸下多糖的提取率;
图2是不同干燥方法下多糖提取率柱状图;
图3是黑果腺肋花楸多糖对DPPH自由基的清除率;
图4是黑果腺肋花楸多糖对羟基自由基的清除率。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步说明,但本发明不受下述实施例的限制。
实施例1 黑果腺肋花楸果渣中多糖的提取
(1)将黑果腺肋花楸的果渣以功率600W,真空度1MPa,温度50℃的条件微波真空干燥处理1h至水分含量在5%以下;磨成80-120目粉末备用;
(2)称取几份等质量的黑果腺肋花楸粉末,按照料液比1:5g/mL分别加入摩尔比为1:2的氯化胆碱-柠檬酸(D1)、氯化胆碱-尿素(D2)、氯化胆碱-葡萄糖(D3)、氯化胆碱-异丙醇(D4)、氯化胆碱-丙三醇(D5)、乳酸-葡萄糖(D6)和甜菜碱-丙三醇(D7)、甜菜碱-乳酸(D8)、甜菜碱-柠檬酸(D9),对于两种固体为溶质的提取溶剂按照以下方法配制:称取两种溶质,加入少量水助溶,放入80℃条件下进行搅拌溶解,溶解完全后,烘干水分,即得;以热水浸提法为对照(C);在500W、65℃条件下超声提取60min,然后以4000rpm离心20min进行固液分离,获得提取液;将提取液在室温中放置2-3h,4000转/min离心20min,收集上清液部分即为多糖溶液,将多糖溶液干燥即获得黑果腺肋花楸果渣多糖。
以苯酚-硫酸法测定上清液中多糖含量,并计算多糖提取率。苯酚-硫酸法的标准曲线为Y=0.068X+0.048(R2=0.9941)。多糖提取计算公式:
其中,
X:上清液中多糖浓度(μg/mL);
V:溶液体积(mL);
N:稀释倍数;
M:黑果腺肋花楸的质量(g)。
表1 不同提取溶剂的黑果腺肋花楸多糖提取率
注:数据以平均值±标准偏差表示;与对照组相比,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.01。
不同提取溶剂的黑果腺肋花楸多糖提取率,如表1所示。根据表1可知,与对照相比,可知D1是提取最高的溶剂,即氯化胆碱-柠檬酸的混合。
实施例2 黑果腺肋花楸果渣中多糖的提取
(1)将黑果腺肋花楸的果渣以功率600W,真空度1MPa,温度50℃的条件微波真空干燥处理1h至水分含量在5%以下;磨成180-200目粉末备用;
(2)称取几份等质量的黑果腺肋花楸粉末,按照料液比1:2g/mL分别加入摩尔比为1:2、1:1.5、1:1、2:1、3:1的氯化胆碱-柠檬酸;在600W、60℃条件下超声提取40min,然后滤纸过滤进行固液分离,获得提取液;将提取液在室温中放置2-3h,4000rpm离心20min,收集上清液部分即为多糖溶液,将多糖溶液进行浓缩干燥即获得黑果腺肋花楸果渣多糖。按照实施例1的方法测定多糖提取率。
结果如图1所示,当氯化胆碱和柠檬酸摩尔比由1:2到1:1.5变化时,多糖提取率由4.15%提高至4.52%;当两者比例超过1:1.5时,提取率迅速下降。
实施例3 黑果腺肋花楸果渣中多糖的提取
(1)称取几份等质量的黑果腺肋花楸的果渣样品,分别微波真空干燥、微波干燥、真空冷冻干燥、低温烘干,干燥至含水量5%,然后分别磨成150-200目粉末备用;
微波真空干燥参数:微波功率600W,真空度1MPa,温度50℃,干燥时间1h;
微波干燥参数:微波功率600W,温度50℃,履带式传送干燥,干燥时间1h;
真空冷冻干燥参数:真空度2MPa,干燥48h;
低温烘干参数:40℃热风干燥,干燥时间2d;
(2)称取等质量的不同干燥处理的黑果腺肋花楸粉末,按照料液比1:2g/mL分别加入摩尔比为1:8的氯化胆碱-柠檬酸;在800W、75℃条件下超声提取40min,然后滤纸过滤进行固液分离,获得提取液;将提取液在室温中放置2-3h,4000rpm离心20min,收集上清液部分即为多糖溶液,将多糖溶液进行浓缩、干燥即获得黑果腺肋花楸果渣多糖。按照实施例1的方法测定多糖提取率。
结果如图2所示,四种干燥方法的多糖提取率分布在3.39-4.26%,而微波真空干燥的提取率高于另外三种。
实施例4 黑果腺肋花楸的提取和抗氧化性
(1)将黑果腺肋花楸的果渣以功率600W,真空度1MPa,温度50℃的条件微波真空干燥处理1h至水分含量在5%以下;磨成180-200目粉末备用;
(2)称取黑果腺肋花楸粉末,按照料液比1:5g/mL分别加入摩尔比为1:1.5的氯化胆碱-柠檬酸溶液;在600W、65℃条件下超声提取60min,然后滤纸过滤进行固液分离,获得提取液;将提取液在室温中放置2-3h,4000rpm离心20min,收集上清液部分即为多糖溶液,将多糖溶液进行浓缩干燥即获得黑果腺肋花楸果渣多糖;按照实施例1的方法测定多糖提取率为4.51%。
将上述黑果腺肋花楸多糖配制成系列浓度的溶液,进行DPPH自由基和羟基自由基清除实验。参考王丽华,段玉峰,马艳丽,丁红军,李尔春.槐花多糖的提取工艺及抗氧化活性研究[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2008(08):213-217+228进行清除自由基实验。
结果见图3和图4,自由基清除能力与多糖质量浓度成正相关性。当多糖的质量浓度超过30 mg/mL以后,对DPPH自由基的清除能力显著性增强。当多糖的质量浓度在3mg/mL以后,对羟基清除能力显著性增强。
Claims (9)
1.一种从黑果腺肋花楸果渣中提取多糖的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将黑果腺肋花楸果渣进行干燥,干燥后粉碎,获得黑果腺肋花楸果渣粉末;
(2)将黑果腺肋花楸果渣粉末按照料液比(1:2-1:8)g/mL加入提取溶剂,超声提取,然
后固液分离,获得提取液;提取液浓缩干燥,获得黑果腺肋花楸多糖;
步骤(2)中,提取溶剂为摩尔比为1:(1.5-2)的氯化胆碱和柠檬酸的混合;
步骤(2)中,超声的功率为300-800W;超声的温度为50-75℃;超声的时间为40min-90min。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述干燥选自微波真空干燥、微波干燥、冷冻干燥、烘干。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述干燥为微波真空干燥。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述黑果腺肋花楸果渣粉末的含水量不高于5%w/w。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,粉末的细度为80-250目。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中的超声提取和固液分离重复一次或多次。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,固液分离的方式为过滤或离心。
8.一种权利要求1-7任一所述方法获得的黑果腺肋花楸多糖。
9.一种如权利要求8所述的黑果腺肋花楸多糖在制备保健食品或药品中的应用。
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