CN115069227A - 一种可用于油水分离的疏水吸油海绵及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种可用于油水分离的疏水吸油海绵及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可用于油水分离的疏水吸油海绵及其制备方法,所述疏水吸油海绵由具有多孔高分子泡孔结构的海绵基体、海绵基体表面附着的SiO2纳米粒子和海绵基体表面接枝的低表面能含氟物质构成;相比于传统的油水分离方法,本发明疏水性三维多孔海绵具有高孔隙率、大的比表面积、互通的孔洞结构以及疏水性的表面,可以作为一种新的有效的油水分离材料;该海绵具有制备方法简单和较强的吸油能力,主要应用于油水分离领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于油水分离领域,具体涉及到一种疏水吸油海绵及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着冶金、钢铁、石化等行业的迅速发展,产生了大量的含油废水,对海洋、河流等的水体造成了严重的污染。还有石油的开采、运输和储存过程中的溢油事故也会产生含油废水。大量含油废水的产生对海洋生物的成长和生存造成的致命性的打击,也给整个生态系统造成了巨大的影响。对于这个问题,我们需要不断探索新材料和新技术,去实现油水混合物有效的分离,并且从含油废水中回收油。
传统处理含油废水的方法有原位燃烧、机械收集、撇油器,这些方法的缺点是消耗能源、效率低、分离程序复杂等。像沸石、活性炭、有机黏土、毛发、羊毛纤维这些吸附材料的吸收能力低、可回收性差。而疏水性三维多孔海绵由于具有高孔隙率、大的比表面积、互通的孔洞结构以及疏水性的表面,可以作为一种新的有效的油水分离材料。
海绵相对于二维多孔膜材料具有可回收利用率高,可富集回收油污的特点。未改性海绵没有超浸润性,其疏水吸油的选择性和吸油速率不足。本发明提供了一种可用于油水分离的疏水吸油海绵的制备方法,制得的疏水吸油海绵,具有较强的选择性,吸油能力强,原材料价格低廉,制备方法简单。
发明内容
为了克服目前现有技术中存在的不足,本发明提供了一种疏水吸油海绵及其制备方法。
本发明的技术方案如下:
一种疏水吸油海绵,由具有多孔高分子泡孔结构的海绵基体、海绵基体表面附着的SiO2纳米粒子和海绵基体表面接枝的低表面能含氟物质构成;
所述海绵基体为聚氨酯海绵或密胺海绵;
所述SiO2纳米粒子的粒径大小为200~750nm;
所述低表面能含氟物质为全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷、全氟辛基三甲氧基硅烷、全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷、全氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷、全氟己基辛烷中的一种或多种。
一种疏水吸油海绵的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)预处理
将原始海绵材料剪切后放入有机溶剂中进行超声清洗(以除去其表面杂质),干燥备用;
所述有机溶剂选自乙醇、丙酮等,超声清洗时间为0.5~1h;
所述干燥的温度为60~80℃(后续步骤中干燥的温度与之相同);
(2)合成SiO2纳米粒子
将步骤(1)预处理好的海绵放入到硅酸四乙酯、去离子水和磷酸的混合溶液中,室温(20~30℃)搅拌(300~500rpm)反应1~3h,之后取出干燥,得到表面附着有SiO2纳米粒子的海绵;
所述硅酸四乙酯、去离子水和磷酸的摩尔比为1~5:10~100:0.01~0.09;
(3)接枝低表面能含氟物质
将步骤(2)所得表面附着有SiO2纳米粒子的海绵放入到低表面能含氟物质和乙醇的混合溶液中,加热至60~80℃搅拌(300~500rpm)反应4~6h,之后取出干燥,得到所述的疏水吸油海绵;
所述低表面能含氟物质和乙醇的摩尔比为1~10:400~500。
本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明提供了一种疏水吸油海绵及其制备方法,相比于传统的油水分离方法疏水性三维多孔海绵具有高孔隙率、大的比表面积、互通的孔洞结构以及疏水性的表面,可以作为一种新的有效的油水分离材料。该海绵具有制备方法简单和较强的吸油能力,主要应用于油水分离领域。
附图说明
图1是原始海绵材料的水接触角115°。
图2是实施例1海绵材料的水接触角达150°。
图3是实施例2海绵材料的水接触角达150°。
图4是原始海绵材料的电镜图,说明原始海绵结构表面光滑。
图5是实施例1海绵材料的电镜图,说明SiO2纳米粒子成功涂覆到海绵结构上。
图6是对比例1海绵材料的水接触角达144°。
图7是对比例2海绵材料的水接触角达140°。
图8是实施例1海绵材料的SiO2纳米粒子的粒径图。
图9是实施例1海绵材料的EDX分析图,证明F和Si元素的存在,绝对含量分别为4.08%和0.84%。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例对本发明所述一种疏水吸油海绵的制备方法作进一步的阐述。应理解,下面的实施例只是作为具体说明,而不限制本发明的范围,同时本领域的技术人员根据本发明所做的显而易见的改变和修饰也包含在本发明范围之内。
以下实施例中使用的原始海绵材料为聚氨酯海绵,硬度35d。
实施例1
先将海绵切成3×3×2cm3的大小。依次将剪切好的海绵放入乙醇、丙酮中进行超声清洗以除去其表面杂质,再放入干燥箱中60℃干燥30min。将预处理后的海绵(约0.5g)先放入到硅酸四乙酯:去离子水:磷酸(摩尔比1:10:0.01)的混合溶液(122mL)中室温搅拌反应1.5h后取出,60℃下干燥;再放入到PFOTES(全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷):乙醇(摩尔比1:425)的混合溶液(103mL)中60℃下搅拌反应约4h后取出,60℃下干燥。
实施例1所制备的一种疏水吸油海绵水接触角为150°,油接触角为0°,在0.02s内可快速吸收有机油污,SiO2纳米粒子颗粒大小为200nm~750nm,EDX分析表面成功有Si和F元素。
实施例2
先将海绵切成3×3×2cm3的大小。依次将剪切好的海绵放入乙醇、丙酮中进行超声清洗以除去其表面杂质,再放入干燥箱中80℃干燥15min。将预处理后的海绵(0.3g)先放入到硅酸四乙酯:去离子水:磷酸(摩尔比2:15:0.02)的混合溶液(145mL)中室温搅拌反应3h后取出,80℃下干燥;再放入到PFOTES:乙醇(摩尔比1:425)的混合溶液(103mL)中80℃下搅拌反应约6h后取出,80℃下干燥。
实施例2所制备的一种疏水吸油海绵水接触角亦可到150°,并在0.02s内可快速吸收有机油污。
对比例1
先将海绵切成3×3×2cm3的大小。依次将剪切好的海绵放入乙醇、丙酮中进行超声清洗以除去其表面杂质,再放入干燥箱中60℃干燥30min。将预处理好的海绵(0.3g)放入到PFOTES:乙醇(摩尔比1:425)的混合溶液(103mL)中60℃下搅拌反应约4h后取出,60℃下干燥。
对比例1所制备的一种疏水吸油海绵水接触角为144°,油接触角为0°。
对比例2
先将海绵切成3×3×2cm3的大小。依次将剪切好的海绵放入乙醇、丙酮中进行超声清洗以除去其表面杂质,再放入干燥箱中60℃干燥30min。将预处理好的海绵(0.5g)放入到硅酸四乙酯:去离子水:磷酸(摩尔比1:10:0.01)的混合溶液(122mL)中室温搅拌反应1.5h后取出,60℃下干燥。
对比例2所制备的一种疏水吸油海绵水接触角为140°,油接触角为0°,电镜图可观察到明显的SiO2纳米粒子。
对实施例1-2及对比例1-2中得到的疏水改性海绵进行吸油倍率测试,结果如表1所示。
表1实施例以及对比例得到的疏水吸油海绵的吸油倍率
油污种类 | 原始海绵 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 |
正己烷 | 12-15 | 26-28 | 25-28 | 23-25 | 20-23 |
大豆油 | 23-25 | 30-32 | 29-32 | 25-28 | 24-26 |
由表1可知,基于本发明实施例的疏水吸油海绵吸油性能明显优于单独生长二氧化硅纳米粒子或涂覆含氟基团海绵的吸油性能。
上述实施例并非是对本发明的限制,本发明并不仅限于上述实施例,只要符合本发明要求,均属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种疏水吸油海绵,其特征在于,所述疏水吸油海绵由具有多孔高分子泡孔结构的海绵基体、海绵基体表面附着的SiO2纳米粒子和海绵基体表面接枝的低表面能含氟物质构成;
所述低表面能含氟物质为全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷、全氟辛基三甲氧基硅烷、全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷、全氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷、全氟己基辛烷中的一种或多种。
2.如权利要求1所述的疏水吸油海绵,其特征在于,所述海绵基体为聚氨酯海绵或密胺海绵。
3.如权利要求1所述的疏水吸油海绵,其特征在于,所述SiO2纳米粒子的粒径大小为200~750nm。
4.如权利要求1所述的疏水吸油海绵的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)预处理
将原始海绵材料剪切后放入有机溶剂中进行超声清洗,干燥备用;
(2)合成SiO2纳米粒子
将步骤(1)预处理好的海绵放入到硅酸四乙酯、去离子水和磷酸的混合溶液中,室温搅拌反应1~3h,之后取出干燥,得到表面附着有SiO2纳米粒子的海绵;
(3)接枝低表面能含氟物质
将步骤(2)所得表面附着有SiO2纳米粒子的海绵放入到低表面能含氟物质和乙醇的混合溶液中,加热至60~80℃搅拌反应4~6h,之后取出干燥,得到所述的疏水吸油海绵。
5.如权利要求4所述的疏水吸油海绵的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述有机溶剂选自乙醇、丙酮,超声清洗时间为0.5~1h。
6.如权利要求4所述的疏水吸油海绵的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述硅酸四乙酯、去离子水和磷酸的摩尔比为1~5:10~100:0.01~0.09。
7.如权利要求4所述的疏水吸油海绵的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述低表面能含氟物质和乙醇的摩尔比为1~10:400~500。
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