CN115067200A

CN115067200A - Planting method of anoectochilus formosanus

Info

Publication number: CN115067200A
Application number: CN202210895552.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李莉; 李政; 李水昌; 叶燕红; 张敏; 张小慧; 胡佳娜
Original assignee: Longmen Hujinyuan Ecological Agricultural Development Co ltd
Current assignee: Longmen Hujinyuan Ecological Agricultural Development Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-07-28
Filing date: 2022-07-28
Publication date: 2022-09-20
Anticipated expiration: 2042-07-28
Also published as: CN115067200B

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a planting method of anoectochilus formosanus. A greenhouse planting method of high-quality anoectochilus formosanus comprises the steps of spreading plant ash on the surface of a culture medium for about 4 months, spreading camphor wood dust on the surface of the culture medium for about 6 months, and spreading camphor wood dust on the surface of the culture medium after two months of permanent planting of anoectochilus formosanus tissue culture seedlings; the left and right are within the first and last week of a full month. The planting method can effectively control the breeding of diseases and insect pests of the anoectochilus formosanus, and reduce the temperature of the anoectochilus formosanus culture medium, so that the growth time of the anoectochilus formosanus is prolonged, the anoectochilus formosanus can grow to seven leaves, the stem is thick and strong, the root system is developed, the leaves are large, the color of the leaf back is dark, the content of nutrient components is high, and the quality is excellent.

Description

Planting method of anoectochilus roxburghii

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a planting method of anoectochilus formosanus.

Background

Anoectochilus roxburghii (wall.) Lindl Anoectochilus roburghii（）The major areas of Guangdong are called "Jinxiaofeng", which are Orchidaceae (Orchidaceae) and Kaiki (Anoectochlus) plants, and are traditional precious medicinal materials in China, and folk medicines include "Yaowang", "gold herb", "Shen medicine", "Wu ren" and other names. In recent years, due to the reasons of artificial picking, mass development of mountainous regions, ecological resource damage and the like, the quantity of wild anoectochilus formosanus resources is sharply reduced, and the wild anoectochilus formosanus resources are endangered to be extinct and are listed as national second-level protection plants. The development of artificial cultivation technology of anoectochilus roxburghii becomes an effective way for protecting and reasonably developing and utilizing wild resources of anoectochilus roxburghii.

The applicant discloses a culture medium of anoectochilus formosanus in patent publication No. CN110915610A, which comprises 75-85% of peat soil, 5-15% of river sand and 5-15% of camphor tree wood chips. Research shows that (Zhejiang university Master thesis, Anoectochilus roxburghii efficient and high-quality production key technology research, Zymilna chinensis, 1 month in 2019), fresh weight/dry weight of Anoectochilus roxburghii is related to cultivation time, the cultivation time is an important factor influencing dry matter accumulation, and the content of polysaccharide and total flavone is increased along with the prolonging of the cultivation time. Therefore, how to prolong the cultivation time of the anoectochilus formosanus has important significance for improving the quality of the anoectochilus formosanus and increasing the economic benefit.

However, anoectochilus formosanus is not resistant to high temperature and is easily stressed by high temperature, and is planted in Guangdong before and after 2 months generally (namely before and after the spring festival), when the temperature reaches about 28 ℃ in 6 months, the survival rate of the anoectochilus formosanus gradually decreases, when the culture medium disclosed by the applicant patent publication No. CN110915610A is used, the survival rate of the anoectochilus formosanus is about 99% after the culture of the anoectochilus formosanus for two months, when the culture of the anoectochilus formosanus for four months is completed (6 months, when the temperature reaches about 28 ℃), the survival rate decreases to 80%, when the culture of the anoectochilus formosanus is completed for five months, the survival rate decreases to below 50%. Therefore, the plants are generally harvested after 3-4 months of planting, the plants are strong and mature at the moment, the quality is good, and the plants can grow to five leaves generally, which are commonly called as five-leaf anoectochilus formosanus. Later harvesting, the survival rate is reduced, the phase is worse and worse, and the yield and the economic value are influenced. Therefore, how to enable the anoectochilus formosanus to grow robustly and keep a higher survival rate at a high temperature after 6 months is a technical problem to be solved, so that the fresh weight/dry weight of the anoectochilus formosanus and the content of medicinal effective substances are increased.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a planting method capable of effectively prolonging the cultivation time of anoectochilus formosanus and improving the quality of the anoectochilus formosanus.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problems is as follows:

a greenhouse planting method of high-quality anoectochilus formosanus comprises the steps of spreading plant ash on the surface of a culture medium for about 4 months, spreading camphor wood dust on the surface of the culture medium for about 6 months, and spreading camphor wood dust on the surface of the culture medium after two months of permanent planting of anoectochilus formosanus tissue culture seedlings; the left and right are within the first and last week of a full month.

Furthermore, in about 8 months, camphor wood chips are scattered on the surface of the culture medium.

Preferably, the dosage of the plant ash is 100-200 g/square meter each time, and the dosage of the camphor wood dust is 400-600 g/square meter each time.

According to the planting method, plant ash is scattered on the surface of the planting substrate after about 2 months of the planting of the anoectochilus formosanus tissue culture seedlings, and the plant ash contains high potassium elements, so that the growth of the anoectochilus formosanus stems can be promoted, the plants are stronger, and fungi and bacteria can be killed. The camphor wood chips are spread in about 4 months, the sterilizing and insect expelling effect can be achieved, more importantly, as the camphor wood chips contain volatile oil, the volatile oil slowly and continuously volatilizes, the heat in the culture medium can be taken away, and in addition, the camphor wood chips also have a certain water retention effect, so that the temperature of the culture medium can be reduced by 1-3 ℃. When about 6 months later, camphor wood chips are spread once again, the effects of sterilizing and expelling insects and cooling the culture medium can be continued, so that the anoectochilus formosanus can grow normally for 2 months at a lower temperature relative to the surrounding environment, the growth period of the anoectochilus formosanus is 8 months, the anoectochilus formosanus can grow to seven leaves, which is commonly called as seven-leaf anoectochilus formosanus, and the quality is better. If not, the camphor wood chips can be applied once again when about 8 months are reached, and the camphor wood chips are harvested again when the growth period of 10 months is reached, at the moment, the anoectochilus formosanus has thick and strong stems, developed root systems, large leaves, dark leaf back color, high nutrient content and excellent quality.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a photograph of Anoectochilus roxburghii produced by the first set of planting methods.

FIG. 2 is a photograph of Anoectochilus roxburghii produced by the fourth planting method.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following tests, but the examples are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

Test method

The test field is a greenhouse for planting anoectochilus formosanus in Longmen county of Huizhou city, Guangdong province, the top height of the greenhouse is 5.5m, planting seedbeds 80cm away from the ground are arranged in the greenhouse side by side, the distance between the planting seedbeds is 60cm, the length and the width of each planting seedbed are 8m multiplied by 1.2m, 10m multiplied by 1.2m and 10m multiplied by 1.5m, the planting seedbeds are placed in plastic planting frames of 54 x 27 x 6cm, and a cultivation substrate with the thickness of 6cm is paved in the frames.

The culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 80% of peat soil, 10% of river sand and 10% of camphor tree wood chips.

Transplanting qualified anoectochilus roxburghii tissue culture seedlings cultured in the same batch in the tissue culture room of the company to 15 planting seedbeds paved with culture mediums in 2021 year, 2 months and 1 day, recording the number of the tissue culture seedlings transplanted on each planting seedbed, and carrying out uniform moisture and illuminationAnd managing, and no other pest control agents are applied during the test period. The 15 planting seedbeds are sequentially numbered as A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3, D1, D2, D3, E1, E2 and E3, every three planting seedbeds are divided into one group, and the three groups are sequentially treated by five groups. The culture medium of each planting bed was treated according to the experimental design shown in the following table, and the amount of plant ash was 150g/m ² The using amount of camphor wood chips is 500g/m each time ² 。

Monitoring the soil temperature of various planting beds by the method that each planting bed is full of 1.5 months (3 months and 15 days), 2.5 months (4 months and 15 days), 3.5 months (5 months and 15 days), 4.5 months (6 months and 15 days), 5.5 months (7 months and 15 days), 6.5 months (8 months and 15 days), 7.5 months (9 months and 15 days) and 14 o' clock in the afternoon after the anoectochilus formosanus tissue culture seedling is planted, inserting a thermometer into each planting bed culture medium for about 2cm deep, and recording the specific temperature by an integer after rounding five after the average value of the temperatures measured by three planting beds of each treatment group is taken.

Meanwhile, the survival rate of the anoectochilus formosanus is recorded in each whole month, the survival rate is calculated by dividing the number of the survival anoectochilus formosanus plants by the number of the tissue culture seedlings planted in the initial period, and the average value of the survival rates of the anoectochilus formosanus on the three planting seedling beds of each group is rounded off and then recorded by taking an integer.

Test results

2.1 Anoectochilus roxburghii growth of each treatment group was as follows:

a group of: the survival rate is about 99% in two months, then with the gradual rise of temperature, plant diseases and insect pests such as seed flies, mushroom mosquitoes and root rot grow to cause diseased plants, the survival rate is reduced to about 80% in four months, the survival rate is reduced to about 70% in five months, and the survival rate is less than 50% in six months, as shown in figure 1, the anoectochilus roxburghii only has 3-5 leaves, small leaves, light color, thin and light stem, white rootstock and rare root system.

Two groups are as follows: the survival rate is about 99% in two months, after the plant ash is spread in 2 months, the breeding of plant diseases and insect pests such as seed flies, mushroom mosquitoes and root rot is basically avoided, the plants are more robust, the survival rate is still 99% in about 4 months, but the breeding of the plant diseases and insect pests such as the seed flies, the mushroom mosquitoes and the root rot is started later, the survival rate is gradually reduced, and the survival rate is about 70% in about 6 months.

Three groups: the survival rate is about 99% in two months, after the plant ash is spread in 2 months, the breeding of plant diseases and insect pests such as seed flies, mushroom mosquitoes and root rot is basically not seen, the plants are more robust, the survival rate is still 99% in about 4 months, the plant ash is spread in 4 months, the breeding of plant diseases and insect pests such as seed flies, mushroom mosquitoes and root rot still occurs, the survival rate of the plants is gradually reduced, the survival rate is about 70% in about 6 months, and the method is not obviously different from the second group.

Four groups: the survival rate is always kept at about 99% in 2 months and 4 months, no plant diseases and insect pests such as seed flies, funguses, root rot and the like are bred, the plant is strong, the camphor wood chips are spread for the last time in 6 months and can grow for two months, harvesting is carried out after the growth period of 8 months, the survival rate is still at about 99%, and no plant diseases and insect pests such as seed flies, funguses, root rot and the like are bred, as shown in figure 2, the anoectochilus formosanus grows into seven leaves, the leaves are large, the anoectochilus formosanus is bright, the stems are thick and deep in color, the root systems are developed, and the quality of the anoectochilus formosanus is superior.

Five groups are as follows: no diseases and insect pests such as seed flies, mushroom mosquitoes and root rot are bred all the time, the plants are strong, the camphor tree sawdust is spread for the last time in 8 months and then can grow for two months, the growing period reaches 10 months, and the survival rate is kept at about 99 percent all the time. The quality is better.

Soil temperature monitoring meter for various seedling beds (Unit:. degree. C.)

Conclusion

As can be seen from the test results, the most suitable cultivation substrate temperature for growing Anoectochilus roxburghii is 18-23 ℃. After the camphor wood chips are scattered in four groups and five groups in 6 months and 1 day (full of 4 months) and 8 months and 1 day (full of 6 months), the temperature of the culture medium is always 1-3 ℃ lower than that of the first group, the second group and the third group, and the higher the temperature is, the more obvious the cooling effect is. Therefore, compared with other groups, the growth temperature of the four groups and five groups of anoectochilus formosanus is relatively low, and meanwhile, camphor wood chips can also play a role in expelling insects and sterilizing, so that no pest and disease damage is generated, the survival rate can reach 99%, and the seven-leaf anoectochilus formosanus with superior quality can be obtained by the four groups and five groups of planting methods. The temperature of the culture medium is reduced after the camphor wood chips are spread, the applicant believes that the volatile oil generated by the camphor wood chips can continuously take away heat in the culture medium by slow volatilization while playing a role in expelling insects, and meanwhile, the camphor wood chips also have a water retention effect, so that anoectochilus formosanus which is feared to heat can grow in a low-temperature soil environment.

The second group and the third group broadcast plant ash in 2 months, the survival rate is higher in 4 months, but diseases and insect pests are gradually bred later, and although the third group broadcast plant ash again in 4 months, the diseases and insect pests are still bred, and the survival rate of the anoectochilus formosanus is obviously reduced due to the rise of the environmental temperature. It can be seen that the plant ash is spread for the second time after the plant ash is spread for the first time, the disease and insect expelling effect is not remarkable, which is probably because the plant diseases and insect pests generate resistance.

The first group is not treated after the tissue culture seedlings of the anoectochilus formosanus are planted, and the survival rate is only below 50% in 6 months along with the prolonging of the planting time and the gradual rise of the temperature.

Claims

1. A greenhouse planting method of high-quality anoectochilus formosanus is characterized by comprising the following steps: spreading plant ash on the surface of the culture medium for about 4 months after the roxburgh anoectochilus terminal bud tissue culture seedlings are fixedly planted for about two months, spreading camphor wood dust on the surface of the culture medium for about 6 months, and spreading camphor wood dust on the surface of the culture medium;

the left and right are within the first and last week of a full month.

2. The greenhouse planting method of high-quality anoectochilus formosanus according to claim 1, characterized in that: spreading camphor wood chips on the surface of the culture medium for about 8 months.

3. The greenhouse planting method of high-quality anoectochilus formosanus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the dosage of the plant ash is 100-200 g/square meter, and the dosage of the camphor wood dust is 400-600 g/square meter each time.