CN115038651B - 液化气罐及船舶 - Google Patents

液化气罐及船舶 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115038651B
CN115038651B CN202080095548.2A CN202080095548A CN115038651B CN 115038651 B CN115038651 B CN 115038651B CN 202080095548 A CN202080095548 A CN 202080095548A CN 115038651 B CN115038651 B CN 115038651B
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liquefied gas
tank
film layer
thin film
intermediate layer
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CN115038651A (zh
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高田龙祐
寺田伸
渡部亨尚
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Mitsubishi Shipbuilding Co Ltd
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Mitsubishi Shipbuilding Co Ltd
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    • F17C13/00Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/08Mounting arrangements for vessels
    • F17C13/082Mounting arrangements for vessels for large sea-borne storage vessels
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

液化气罐具备:储罐主体,在内部形成容纳空间;中间层,覆盖储罐主体的内表面,且由与储罐主体相比导热率小的防热材料形成;及薄膜层,覆盖中间层的内表面,并且在内侧能够液密地容纳液化气。

Description

液化气罐及船舶
技术领域
本发明涉及一种液化气罐及船舶。
本申请主张基于2020年2月20日于日本申请的专利申请2020-027061号的优先权,并将其内容援用于此。
背景技术
专利文献1中公开有如下内容:在运输液化天然气等液化气的船舶中,液化气用货舱具备储存液化气的储罐主体及设置成覆盖储罐主体的外周面的绝热材料。
以往技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利第6364694号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的技术课题
在专利文献1中所记载的货舱中,低温高压的液化气与储罐主体的内表面接触,因此需要具备相对于高压液化气的压力的强度及相对于低温液化气的韧性(低温韧性)这两者。在这种储罐中,例如,若为了增加储罐容积而欲扩大储罐直径,则有时需要增加储罐主体的壁厚。然而,若增加储罐主体的壁厚,则会导致材料成本的增加。并且,若欲抑制储罐主体壁厚的增加并且确保强度,则需要使用更高强度的材料,仍会导致材料成本的增加。
本发明是为了解决上述课题而完成的,其目的在于提供一种能够抑制成本上升并且实现储罐的大容量化的液化气罐及船舶。
用于解决技术课题的手段
为了解决上述课题,本发明所涉及的液化气罐具备储罐主体、中间层及薄膜层。所述储罐主体在内部形成容纳空间。所述中间层覆盖所述储罐主体的内表面。所述中间层由与所述储罐主体相比导热率小的防热材料形成。所述薄膜层覆盖所述中间层的内表面。所述薄膜层在内侧能够液密地容纳液化气。
本发明所涉及的船舶具备船体及设置于所述船体的如上所述的液化气罐。
发明效果
根据本发明的液化气罐及船舶,能够抑制成本上升并且实现储罐的大容量化。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的实施方式所涉及的船舶的整体结构的俯视图。
图2是从船首尾方向观察了设置于本发明的实施方式所涉及的船舶的液化气罐的半剖视图。
图3是表示形成于本发明的实施方式所涉及的液化气罐的薄膜层上的位移吸收部的剖视图。
图4是表示本发明的实施方式的变形例所涉及的船舶的整体结构的俯视图。
具体实施方式
图1是表示本发明的实施方式中的船舶的整体结构的俯视图。图2是从船首尾方向观察了设置于上述船舶的液化气的半剖视图。
如图1、图2所示,本发明的实施方式的船舶1A运输液化天然气、液化石油气、液态二氧化碳及液态氨等液化气。该船舶1A至少具备船体2及液化气罐20A。
船体2具有呈其外壳的一对舷侧3A、3B、船底4及上甲板5。舷侧3A、3B具备分别形成左右舷侧的一对舷侧外板。船底4具备连接这些舷侧3A、3B的船底外板。通过这些一对舷侧3A、3B及船底4,船体2的外壳在与船首尾方向Da正交的截面上呈U字状。上甲板5为暴露于外部的全通甲板。在船体2中,在船尾2b侧的上甲板5上形成有具有居住区的上部结构7。
在船体2中,在比上部结构7更靠船首2a侧形成有货物搭载区域(船舱)8。货物搭载区域8相对于上甲板5朝向下方的船底4凹陷,并且向上方开口。
液化气罐20A在货物搭载区域8内设置有多个。这些多个液化气罐20A沿船首尾方向Da排列配置。各液化气罐20A的上部20a比船体2的上甲板5更向上方突出。这些多个液化气罐20A的上部20a被设置于上甲板5上的储罐盖25覆盖。在储罐盖25的内表面与液化气罐20A的外表面之间可以设置有抑制从外部输入的热量的外部绝热材料(未图示)。
液化气罐20A由裙部30支承。裙部30为沿上下方向Dv延伸的圆筒状,且其下端部固定于设置于货物搭载区域8的底部的基底甲板部9上。
液化气罐20A在其内部的容纳空间S容纳液化气。若例示容纳于容纳空间S的状态的液化气的温度及压力,则在液化天然气的情况下,能够举出温度-163℃、压力4bar,在液化石油气的情况下,能够举出温度-50℃、压力18bar,在液态二氧化碳的情况下,能够举出温度-35℃、压力19bar,在液态氨的情况下,能够举出温度-50℃、压力5bar。
如图2所示,液化气罐20A具备储罐主体21A、中间层22及薄膜层23。
储罐主体21A形成液化气罐20A的外壳。储罐主体21A在内部形成容纳空间S。在该实施方式中,储罐主体21A呈球形。储罐主体21A具备下半部21a及上半部21b。
下半部21a在储罐主体21A的下部中呈半球状。下半部21a从下方朝向上方而以轴线a为中心的直径尺寸逐渐扩大。下半部21a为具有恒定曲率半径的半圆球状。在此,轴线a为通过储罐主体21A并且通过液化气罐20A中心的沿上下方向Dv延伸的假想线。
在本实施例中,储罐主体21A配设成其轴线a位于船体2的船首尾方向Da中心及船宽度方向Dw中心(参考图1)。但是,在本发明中,船体2中的液化气罐20A的配置并不限定于本事例。
上半部21b设置于下半部21a的上方。上半部21b在储罐主体21A的上部中呈半球状。上半部21b从下方朝向上方而直径尺寸逐渐缩小。在该实施方式中,上半部21b可以是具有恒定曲率半径的半圆球状,也可以形成为从下方朝向上方而曲率半径阶段性地变大。
另外,储罐主体21A并不限于上述所示的形状。储罐主体21A也能够设为在上半部21b与下半部21a之间具备圆筒状部(未图示)等的结构。
储罐主体21A例如其厚度T1为10~70mm,优选为40~60mm。作为形成储罐主体21A的材料,例如有碳锰钢。作为形成储罐主体21A的材料,除此以外还能够使用铝合金、不锈钢及镍钢等。
中间层22设置于储罐主体21A内。中间层22设置成覆盖储罐主体21A的内表面21f的整体。中间层22由与储罐主体21A相比导热率小的防热材料22m形成。该实施方式中的防热材料22m为混凝土。作为形成该中间层22的防热材料22m,除了混凝土以外,例如还能够例示珠光体、木材及酚醛树脂等。并且,中间层可以组合多个材料来构成。并且,当将珠光体等使用于中间层22时等,为了保持中间层22的形状,可以将珠光体等封入于木制箱等。
中间层22的厚度T2例如大于储罐主体21A的厚度T1。中间层22的厚度T2的优选范围例如为100~500mm,优选为150~250mm。
薄膜层23以覆盖中间层22的内表面22f的方式作为整体例如形成为球形袋状。薄膜层23在其内侧能够液密地容纳液化气。薄膜层23的厚度T3薄于储罐主体21A的厚度T1。
作为形成这种薄膜层23的材料,例如可使用不锈钢。作为形成薄膜层23的材料,除此以外还可举出因瓦合金材料(镍钢)等。形成薄膜层23的材料根据容纳于液化气罐20A的容纳空间S内的液化气的种类选定。例如,当在容纳空间S内容纳液态氨时,作为形成薄膜层23的材料,为了抑制因液态氨与薄膜层23之间的接触产生的化学反应而使用不锈钢。
薄膜层23的厚度T3小于储罐主体21A的厚度T1。薄膜层23的厚度T3例如优选设为0.5mm~2mm,进而优选设为0.7~1.2mm左右。
图3是表示形成于上述液化气罐的薄膜层上的位移吸收部的剖视图。
如图3所示,薄膜层23未相对于中间层22的内表面22f接合而在热变形等时相对于中间层22能够独立地位移。薄膜层23具备吸收热变形的变形吸收部27。该变形吸收部27例如设置于图3所示的截面中的薄膜层23的周向Dc的一部分。变形吸收部27形成为将薄膜层23的周向Dc的一部分在液化气罐20A的径向Dr的外侧及内侧交替折弯成蛇纹状。变形吸收部27例如围绕液化气罐20A的中心O1形成为环状,并且当在液化气罐20A内容纳有液化气时,吸收薄膜层23中所产生的热收缩。更详细而言,若薄膜层23沿周向Dc热收缩,则蛇纹状的变形吸收部27以伸长的方式变形。通过该变形吸收部27吸收薄膜层23的热收缩,在薄膜层23中不会产生过大的热应力。另外,变形吸收部27可以设置于一个薄膜层23中的多个部位。
在这种液化气罐20A中形成有贯穿储罐主体21A、中间层22及薄膜层23而形成的开口部(未图示)。通过该开口部(未图示)而取出放入液化气。
在上述实施方式的液化气罐20A中,液化气罐20A具备储罐主体21A、中间层22及薄膜层23。储罐主体21A在内部形成有容纳空间S。中间层22由导热率小的防热材料22m形成。中间层22覆盖储罐主体21A的内表面21f,并且在内部形成容纳空间。薄膜层23覆盖中间层22的内表面22f,并且与储罐主体21A相比厚度T3薄。薄膜层23在内侧能够液密地容纳液化气。
根据上述实施方式的液化气罐20A,通过薄膜层23,能够确保相对于容纳于其内侧的液化气的液密性。由容纳于薄膜层23内部的液化气引起的压力经由薄膜层23由中间层22及储罐主体21A承受。储罐主体21A作为承受由液化气引起的内压的液化气罐20A的强度部件而发挥作用。由此,能够抑制薄膜层23的面外变形。
并且,通过防热材料22m抑制从低温液化气向储罐主体21A的热传递,从而能够抑制储罐主体21A的温度降低。由此,放宽相对于储罐主体21A的低温韧性的要求。此外,放宽与储罐主体21A的低温韧性相关的必要条件,因此在储罐主体21A中能够使用更廉价的材料。因此,即使在增加储罐主体21A的厚度的情况下,与使用具备低温靭性的材料相比,能够抑制成本增加,因此能够以更低价格来大型化储罐主体21A。
并且,通过与储罐主体21A相比导热率小的防热材料22m,抑制来自液化气罐20A外部的热量的侵入,从而还能够抑制液化气的温度上升。由此,能够减少或取消设置于液化气罐20A外部的外部防热材料(未图示)的量,从而能够抑制制造成本。
上述实施方式的液化气罐20A的中间层22由混凝土形成。
如此,通过由混凝土来形成中间层22,当由液化气引起的压力经由薄膜层23作用于中间层22时,能够牢固地承受其压力。
在上述实施方式的液化气罐20A中,薄膜层23在热变形时相对于中间层22能够独立地位移。
因此,当根据由液化气引起的温度变化而在薄膜层23中产生了热收缩时,薄膜层23不会被中间层22限制,而能够允许由热收缩引起的位移。由此,抑制因热收缩而在薄膜层23中产生应力。
在上述实施方式的液化气罐20A中,薄膜层23具备吸收热变形的变形吸收部27。
因此,当根据由液化气引起的温度变化而在薄膜层23中产生了热收缩时,通过变形吸收部27能够吸收薄膜层23的热变形。
在上述实施方式的液化气罐20A中,薄膜层23由不锈钢或因瓦合金材料形成。
如此,通过在薄膜层23中使用不锈钢或因瓦合金材料,例如,即使在作为液化气将液态氨等容纳于液化气罐20A内的情况下,也能够抑制因液化气与薄膜层23之间的接触而产生的化学反应。
上述实施方式的船舶1A具备船体2及设置于船体2的液化气罐20A。
根据该船舶1A,能够实现液化气罐20A的大容量化,因此能够减少搭载液化气罐20A的个数。因此,能够抑制船舶1A的成本上升。
在上述实施方式中,将液化气罐20A设为球形,但并不限于此。例如,如图4所示的变形例,也能够将船舶1B的液化气罐20B设为圆筒状。该变形例中的液化气罐20B例示了沿水平方向延伸的圆筒状的情况。与上述实施方式的液化气罐20A同样地,该液化气罐20B具备储罐主体21B、中间层22及薄膜层23。储罐主体21B一体地具备筒状部21d及两个半球状部21e。筒状部21d沿水平方向延伸且具有恒定直径尺寸。筒状部21d形成于储罐主体21B的轴线方向中间部。半球状部21e设置于筒状部21d的中心轴方向两端。各半球状部21e设置于筒状部21d的中心轴方向的两端,并且封闭筒状部21d两端的开口。
以上,参考附图对本发明的实施方式进行了详细说明,但具体结构并不限于该实施方式,还包含不脱离本发明的要旨的范围的设计变更等。
另外,在上述实施方式及变形例中,设为将液化气罐20A、20B设置于形成于船体2内的货物搭载区域8内的结构,但并不限于此,例如,可以将液化气罐20A、20B的整体或一部分设置于上甲板5上,也可以将其设置于比上甲板5更靠下方的位置。
在上述实施方式中,将液化气罐20A、20B设置于船舶1A、1B,但并不限于此。例如,液化气罐20A、20B也可以设置于海上浮体等除船舶以外的场所。
<附记>
各实施方式中所记载的液化气罐20A、20B及船舶1A、1B例如可以以如下理解。
(1)第1方式所涉及的液化气罐20A、20B具备:储罐主体21A、21B,在内部形成容纳空间S;中间层22,覆盖所述储罐主体21A、21B的内表面21f,且由与所述储罐主体21A、21B相比导热率小的防热材料22m形成;及薄膜层23,覆盖所述中间层22的内表面22f,且与所述储罐主体21A、21B相比厚度T3薄,并且在内侧能够液密地容纳液化气。
该液化气罐20A、20B通过薄膜层23确保相对于容纳于其内侧的液化气的液密性。由容纳于薄膜层23内部的液化气引起的压力经由薄膜层23由中间层22及储罐主体21A、21B承受。储罐主体21A、21B由金属材料形成,且具有与薄膜层23相比大的厚度T1,因此作为承受由液化气引起的内压的液化气罐20A、20B的强度部件而发挥作用。由此,抑制薄膜层23的面外变形。
并且,通过防热材料22m抑制从低温液化气向储罐主体21A、21B的热传递,并且抑制储罐主体21A、21B的温度降低。由此,放宽在储罐主体21A、21B中相对于低温韧性的要求。此外,放宽与低温韧性相关的必要条件,因此储罐主体21A、21B的厚度限制被解除,从而能够增加储罐主体21A、21B的厚度T1。其结果,在储罐主体21A、21B中能够使用更廉价的材料。并且,通过增加储罐主体21A、21B的厚度T1,能够实现储罐主体21A、21B的大型化。
并且,通过与储罐主体21A、21B相比导热率小的防热材料22m,抑制来自液化气罐20A、20B外部的热量的侵入,从而还能够抑制低温液化气的温度上升。由此,能够减少设置于液化气罐20A、20B外部的外部防热材料(未图示)的量,从而能够抑制制造成本。
如此,能够抑制成本上升并且实现储罐的大容量化。
(2)第2方式所涉及的液化气罐20A、20B为(1)的液化气罐20A、20B,所述中间层22由混凝土形成。
由此,通过由混凝土来形成中间层22,当由液化气引起的压力经由薄膜层23作用于中间层22时,能够牢固地承受其压力。
(3)第3方式所涉及的液化气罐20A、20B为(1)或(2)的液化气罐20A、20B,所述薄膜层23在热变形时相对于所述中间层22能够独立地位移。
由此,当根据由液化气引起的温度变化而在薄膜层23中产生了热收缩时,薄膜层23不会被中间层22限制,而能够允许由热收缩引起的位移。由此,抑制因热收缩而在薄膜层23中产生应力。
(4)第4方式所涉及的液化气罐20A、20B为(3)的液化气罐20A、20B,所述薄膜层23具备吸收热变形的变形吸收部27。
由此,当根据由液化气引起的温度变化而在薄膜层23中产生了热收缩时,通过变形吸收部27能够吸收薄膜层23的热变形。
(5)第5方式所涉及的液化气罐20A、20B为(1)至(4)中的任一个液化气罐20A、20B,所述薄膜层23由不锈钢或因瓦合金材料形成。
由此,若在薄膜层23中使用不锈钢或因瓦合金材料,则例如,即使在作为液化气将液态氨等容纳于液化气罐20A、20B内的情况下,也能够抑制因液化气与薄膜层23之间的接触而产生的化学反应。
(6)第6方式所涉及的船舶1A、1B具备船体2及设置于所述船体2的(1)至(5)中的任一个液化气罐20A、20B。
由此,能够提供一种具备能够抑制成本上升并且实现储罐的大容量化的液化气罐20A、20B的船舶1A、1B。
产业上的可利用性
根据本发明的液化气罐及船舶,能够抑制成本上升并且实现储罐的大容量化。
符号说明
1A、1B-船舶,2-船体,2a-船首,2b-船尾,3A、3B-舷侧,4-船底,5-上甲板,7-上部结构,8-货物搭载区域,9-基底甲板部,20A、20B-液化气罐,20a-上部,21A、21B-储罐主体,21a-下半部,21b-上半部,21d-筒状部,21e-半球状部,21f-内表面,22-中间层,22f-内表面,22m-防热材料,23-薄膜层,25-储罐盖,27-变形吸收部,30-裙部,S-容纳空间。

Claims (4)

1.一种液化气罐,其具备:
储罐主体,在内部形成容纳空间;
中间层,覆盖所述储罐主体的内表面,且由与所述储罐主体相比导热率小的防热材料形成;及
薄膜层,覆盖所述中间层的内表面,并且在内侧能够液密地容纳液化气,
所述薄膜层在热变形时相对于所述中间层能够独立地位移,
所述薄膜层具备变形吸收部,所述变形吸收部通过将周向上的所述薄膜层的一部分向液化气罐的径向的外侧及内侧交替折弯成蛇纹状而形成,吸收热变形。
2.根据权利要求1所述的液化气罐,其中,
所述中间层由混凝土形成。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的液化气罐,其中,
所述薄膜层由不锈钢或因瓦合金材料形成。
4.一种船舶,其具备:
船体;及
权利要求1或2所述的液化气罐,设置于所述船体。
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