CN115024388A - 一种含有菌剂的青贮饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种含有菌剂的青贮饲料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115024388A CN115024388A CN202210779742.3A CN202210779742A CN115024388A CN 115024388 A CN115024388 A CN 115024388A CN 202210779742 A CN202210779742 A CN 202210779742A CN 115024388 A CN115024388 A CN 115024388A
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- microbial inoculum
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- 239000004460 silage Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
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- GOLORTLGFDVFDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)-7-(diethylamino)chromen-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(C3=CC4=CC=C(C=C4OC3=O)N(CC)CC)=NC2=C1 GOLORTLGFDVFDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 241000216674 Armillaria tabescens Species 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003797 essential amino acid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K30/00—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K30/10—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder
- A23K30/15—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging
- A23K30/18—Processes specially adapted for preservation of materials in order to produce animal feeding-stuffs of green fodder using chemicals or microorganisms for ensilaging using microorganisms or enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/113—Acidophilus
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Biotechnology (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了含有菌剂的青贮饲料,包括以下重量份的原料组成:甘蔗秸秆800‑900份、木薯叶50‑150份、米糠25‑50份、寡糖1‑5份、菌剂0.05‑0.20份、蛋白核小球藻1‑5份及中药添加剂5‑10份;所述菌剂由假蜜环菌、乳酸菌、嗜酸乳杆菌及枯草芽孢杆菌组成,所述菌剂中菌种的菌落总数≥3.0×1012CFU/g。本发明还提供了一种含有菌剂的青贮饲料,通过将甘蔗秸秆、木薯叶及米糠等为主料混合发酵,附以寡糖、菌剂、蛋白核小球藻及重要添加剂制备而成,可以互相取长补短调制青贮,有效提高青贮饲料的营养元素,富含发酵性纤维素、乳酸、稀土元素、氨基酸和益生菌,具有微量元素丰富平衡、营养高、易消化、适口性好等特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于饲料技术领域,尤其涉及一种含有菌剂的青贮饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术
青贮饲料是将含水率为65-75%的青绿饲料经切碎后,在密闭缺氧的条件下,通过厌氧乳酸菌的发酵作用,抑制各种杂菌的繁殖,而得到的一种粗饲料。青贮饲料气味酸香、柔软多汁、适口性好、营养丰富、利于长期保存是家畜优良饲料来源。甘蔗、木薯等农作物收成后,大量的农作物秸秆被废弃或焚烧,这种做法即浪费资源,又污染环境,一定程度上影响了经济社会的可持续发展;通过将秸秆粉碎进行青贮、氨化、揉丝微贮后饲养牲畜,既可以节省饲料成本,还可以使秸秆通过牲畜粪便实现过腹还田,促进农业良性循环,是一种效益较高的利用方式。
青贮的方式包括一般青贮、半干青贮及添加剂青贮;一般青贮是将原料切碎、压实、密封,在厌氧环境下使乳酸菌大量繁殖,从而将饲料中的淀粉和可溶性糖变成乳酸;半干青贮也称低水分青贮,因为原料水分含量低,使微生物处于生理干燥状态,生长繁殖受到抑制,饲料中微生物发酵弱,养分不被分解,从而达到保存养分的目的;添加剂青贮是在青贮时加进一些添加剂来影响青贮的发酵作用。
然而不管是哪种青贮方式,其在青贮发酵过程中霉菌和腐败菌的大量繁殖,极易造成青贮饲料局部发霉和腐烂,严重影响青贮饲料的质量,市场应用局限较大。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于:针对上述存在的问题,提供一种适口性好,富含发酵性纤维素、益生菌等营养元素,制备方法简单的含有菌剂的青贮饲料及其制备方法。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种含有菌剂的青贮饲料,包括以下重量份的原料组成:甘蔗秸秆800-900份、木薯叶50-150份、米糠25-50份、寡糖1-5份、菌剂0.05-0.20份、蛋白核小球藻1-5份及中药添加剂5-10份;
所述菌剂由假蜜环菌、乳酸菌、嗜酸乳杆菌及枯草芽孢杆菌组成,所述菌剂中菌种的菌落总数≥3.0×1012CFU/g。
较佳地,所述假蜜环菌、乳酸菌、嗜酸乳杆菌及枯草芽孢杆菌的质量比为1:0.1-1:1-5:0.05-0.15。
较佳地,所述中药添加剂包含以下重量份的原料组成:艾叶2-6份、金莲花1-5份、益母草1-5份、甘草0.5-3份及麦饭石1-5份。
较佳地,所述中药添加剂的制备方法为:
(1)将艾叶、金莲花、益母草及甘草粉碎,过300-500目,得到粉碎后的中药粉末;
(2)将麦饭石研磨,过1000-1200目后与水混合,在70-100℃的条件下超声30-50min,过滤得到麦饭石水;
(3)将粉碎后的中药粉末按比例与麦饭石水混合,加入果胶酶及纤维素酶,进行超声辅助酶解,得到所述中药添加剂。
较佳地,所述麦饭石与水的质量比为1:3-8;所述果胶酶及纤维素酶的总添加量为中药粉末的0.01-0.5%。
较佳地,所述果胶酶及纤维素酶的质量比为1:0.5-2。
较佳地,本发明还提供了一种含有菌剂的青贮饲料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将甘蔗秸秆和木薯叶进行铡切粉碎,分别得到粉碎后的甘蔗秸秆及木薯叶;
(2)将寡糖、菌剂、中药添加剂及蛋白核小球藻按比例用水配制后,密封发酵10-15天,得到发酵预混料;
(3)将甘蔗秸秆、木薯叶、米糠及发酵预混料混合后进行包膜发酵,即得所述青贮饲料。
较佳地,所述包膜发酵的时间为5-20天。
蛋白核小球藻属于普生性单细胞绿藻,是一种球形单细胞淡水藻类,属于高效的光合植物,以光合自养生长繁殖,分布极广。蛋白核小球藻含有丰富的蛋白质,以及不饱和脂肪酸、碳水化合物,还含有八种必需氨基酸、多种维生素,及铁、锌、钙、钾等矿物质,可以显著牲畜发育所需微量元素。
假蜜环菌也称亮菌,子实体一般中等大,假蜜环菌菌丝体初期在暗处发荧光,菌丝索黄色至黄棕色,根状扁平,不发荧光;此菌的菌丝体及菌索含蜜环菌香豆素、麦角甾醇和有机酸等;假蜜环菌能使牲畜食用后,提高牲畜的免疫力。
麦饭石是一种矿物药,作为一种天然矿物药材不仅含有钙、磷、钾、钠、镁、硅等生物体所需要的矿物质,而且富含锌、锡、硒、铁、铜、锰、镍、铬、钒、钴、碘、氟、锶、溴等微量元素以及对牲畜有益的稀土元素和稀有元素。
综上所述,由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明的青贮饲料通过将甘蔗秸秆、木薯叶及米糠等为主料混合发酵,附以寡糖、菌剂、蛋白核小球藻及重要添加剂制备而成,可以互相取长补短调制青贮,有效提高青贮饲料的营养元素,富含发酵性纤维素、乳酸、稀土元素、氨基酸和益生菌,具有微量元素丰富平衡、营养高、易消化、适口性好等特点。
(2)中药添加剂使用麦饭石水混合后超声酶解,可有效提高发酵性纤维素的含量,且艾叶、金莲花、益母草及甘草按一定配比进行组合,不仅能提高牲畜对疾病的抵抗能力,还能防止发酵过程中中霉菌和腐败菌的大量繁殖,有效避免了青贮料局部发霉和腐烂。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下举出优选实施例,对本发明进一步详细说明。然而,需要说明的是,说明书中列出的许多细节仅仅是为了使读者对本发明的一个或多个方面有一个透彻的理解,即便没有这些特定的细节也可以实现本发明的这些方面。
实施例1
一种含有菌剂的青贮饲料,包括以下重量份的原料组成:甘蔗秸秆850份、木薯叶100份、米糠40份、寡糖3份、菌剂0.10份、蛋白核小球藻3份及中药添加剂8份;
菌剂由假蜜环菌、乳酸菌、嗜酸乳杆菌及枯草芽孢杆菌组成,所述菌剂中菌种的菌落总数≥3.0×1012CFU/g;假蜜环菌、乳酸菌、嗜酸乳杆菌及枯草芽孢杆菌的质量比为1:0.5:3:0.10;
中药添加剂包含以下重量份的原料组成:艾叶3份、金莲花3份、益母草2份、甘草1.5份及麦饭石3份。
中药添加剂的制备方法为:
(1)将艾叶、金莲花、益母草及甘草粉碎,过300目,得到粉碎后的中药粉末;
(2)将麦饭石研磨,过1000目后与水按质量比1:5混合,在80℃的条件下超声40min,过滤得到麦饭石水;
(3)将粉碎后的中药粉末按比例与麦饭石水混合,加入果胶酶及纤维素酶,进行超声辅助酶解,得到所述中药添加剂;其中果胶酶及纤维素酶的总添加量为中药粉末的0.3%,且果胶酶及纤维素酶的质量比为1:1;
一种含有菌剂的青贮饲料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将甘蔗秸秆和木薯叶进行铡切粉碎,分别得到粉碎后的甘蔗秸秆及木薯叶;
(2)将寡糖、菌剂、中药添加剂及蛋白核小球藻按比例用水配制后,密封发酵10天,得到发酵预混料;
(3)将甘蔗秸秆、木薯叶、米糠及发酵预混料混合后进行包膜发酵15天,即得所述青贮饲料。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1其它工艺参数保持一致,不同之处在于:一种含有菌剂的青贮饲料,包括以下重量份的原料组成:甘蔗秸秆800份、木薯叶50份、米糠25份、寡糖1份、菌剂0.05份、蛋白核小球藻1份及中药添加剂5份;
菌剂由假蜜环菌、乳酸菌、嗜酸乳杆菌及枯草芽孢杆菌组成,所述菌剂中菌种的菌落总数≥3.0×1012CFU/g;假蜜环菌、乳酸菌、嗜酸乳杆菌及枯草芽孢杆菌的质量比为1:0.1:1:0.05。
实施例3
本实施例与实施例1其它工艺参数保持一致,不同之处在于:一种含有菌剂的青贮饲料,包括以下重量份的原料组成:甘蔗秸秆900份、木薯叶150份、米糠50份、寡糖5份、菌剂0.20份、蛋白核小球藻5份及中药添加剂10份;
菌剂由假蜜环菌、乳酸菌、嗜酸乳杆菌及枯草芽孢杆菌组成,所述菌剂中菌种的菌落总数≥3.0×1012CFU/g;假蜜环菌、乳酸菌、嗜酸乳杆菌及枯草芽孢杆菌的质量比为1:1:5:0.15。
实施例4
本实施例与实施例1其它工艺参数保持一致,不同之处在于:中药添加剂包含以下重量份的原料组成:艾叶2份、金莲花1份、益母草1份、甘草0.5份及麦饭石1份。
中药添加剂的制备方法为:
(1)将艾叶、金莲花、益母草及甘草粉碎,过500目,得到粉碎后的中药粉末;
(2)将麦饭石研磨,过1000目后与水按质量比1:3混合,在70℃的条件下超声50min,过滤得到麦饭石水;
(3)将粉碎后的中药粉末按比例与麦饭石水混合,加入果胶酶及纤维素酶,进行超声辅助酶解,得到所述中药添加剂;其中果胶酶及纤维素酶的总添加量为中药粉末的0.01%,且果胶酶及纤维素酶的质量比为1:0.5。
实施例5
本实施例与实施例1其它工艺参数保持一致,不同之处在于:中药添加剂包含以下重量份的原料组成:艾叶6份、金莲花5份、益母草5份、甘草3份及麦饭石5份。
中药添加剂的制备方法为:
(1)将艾叶、金莲花、益母草及甘草粉碎,过500目,得到粉碎后的中药粉末;
(2)将麦饭石研磨,过1000目后与水按质量比1:8混合,在70℃的条件下超声50min,过滤得到麦饭石水;
(3)将粉碎后的中药粉末按比例与麦饭石水混合,加入果胶酶及纤维素酶,进行超声辅助酶解,得到所述中药添加剂;其中果胶酶及纤维素酶的总添加量为中药粉末的0.5%,且果胶酶及纤维素酶的质量比为1:2。
实施例6
本实施例与实施例1其它工艺参数保持一致,不同之处在于:一种含有菌剂的青贮饲料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将甘蔗秸秆和木薯叶进行铡切粉碎,分别得到粉碎后的甘蔗秸秆及木薯叶;
(2)将寡糖、菌剂、中药添加剂及蛋白核小球藻按比例用水配制后,密封发酵15天,得到发酵预混料;
(3)将甘蔗秸秆、木薯叶、米糠及发酵预混料混合后进行包膜发酵20天,即得所述青贮饲料。
对比实施例1
本实施例与实施例1其它工艺参数保持一致,不同之处在于:青贮饲料的原料中未添加菌剂。
对比实施例2
本实施例与实施例1其它工艺参数保持一致,不同之处在于:青贮饲料的原料中未添加蛋白核小球藻。
对比实施例3
本实施例与实施例1其它工艺参数保持一致,不同之处在于:青贮饲料的原料中未添加中药添加剂。
应用例
将实施例1-6及对比实施例1-3提供的青贮饲料进行检测可知,本发明实施例1-6提供的青贮饲料中腐败菌、霉菌的含量均在规范标准之内,未有发现青贮饲料局部发霉和腐烂;而对实施例1及对比实施例3的青贮饲料均出现局部发霉和腐烂,青贮饲料的质量较差。
本发明的青贮饲料具有丰富的营养元素,富含蛋白质、发酵性纤维素、乳酸、稀土元素、氨基酸和益生菌,具有微量元素丰富平衡、营养高、易消化、适口性好等特点。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以作出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种含有菌剂的青贮饲料,其特征在于:包括以下重量份的原料组成:甘蔗秸秆800-900份、木薯叶50-150份、米糠25-50份、寡糖1-5份、菌剂0.05-0.20份、蛋白核小球藻1-5份及中药添加剂5-10份;
所述菌剂由假蜜环菌、乳酸菌、嗜酸乳杆菌及枯草芽孢杆菌组成,所述菌剂中菌种的菌落总数≥3.0×1012CFU/g。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含有菌剂的青贮饲料,其特征在于:所述假蜜环菌、乳酸菌、嗜酸乳杆菌及枯草芽孢杆菌的质量比为1:0.1-1:1-5:0.05-0.15。
3.根据权利要求1所述的含有菌剂的青贮饲料,其特征在于:所述中药添加剂包含以下重量份的原料组成:艾叶2-6份、金莲花1-5份、益母草1-5份、甘草0.5-3份及麦饭石1-5份。
4.根据权利要求3所述的含有菌剂的青贮饲料,其特征在于:所述中药添加剂的制备方法为:
(1)将艾叶、金莲花、益母草及甘草粉碎,过300-500目,得到粉碎后的中药粉末;
(2)将麦饭石研磨,过1000-1200目后与水混合,在70-100℃的条件下超声30-50min,过滤得到麦饭石水;
(3)将粉碎后的中药粉末按比例与麦饭石水混合,加入果胶酶及纤维素酶,进行超声辅助酶解,得到所述中药添加剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的含有菌剂的青贮饲料,其特征在于:所述麦饭石与水的质量比为1:3-8;所述果胶酶及纤维素酶的总添加量为中药粉末的0.01-0.5%。
6.根据权利要求5所述的含有菌剂的青贮饲料,其特征在于:所述果胶酶及纤维素酶的质量比为1:0.5-2。
7.根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的含有菌剂的青贮饲料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)将甘蔗秸秆和木薯叶进行铡切粉碎,分别得到粉碎后的甘蔗秸秆及木薯叶;
(2)将寡糖、菌剂、中药添加剂及蛋白核小球藻按比例用水配制后,密封发酵10-15天,得到发酵预混料;
(3)将甘蔗秸秆、木薯叶、米糠及发酵预混料混合后进行包膜发酵,即得所述青贮饲料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的含有菌剂的青贮饲料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述包膜发酵的时间为5-20天。
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