CN115010491B - 一种高熵稀土钽酸盐陶瓷材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高熵稀土钽酸盐陶瓷材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN115010491B
CN115010491B CN202111606679.5A CN202111606679A CN115010491B CN 115010491 B CN115010491 B CN 115010491B CN 202111606679 A CN202111606679 A CN 202111606679A CN 115010491 B CN115010491 B CN 115010491B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
rare earth
entropy
ceramic material
ball milling
tantalate ceramic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CN202111606679.5A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN115010491A (zh
Inventor
孟彬
李晨
樊思宁
平鑫宇
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kunming University of Science and Technology
Original Assignee
Kunming University of Science and Technology
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kunming University of Science and Technology filed Critical Kunming University of Science and Technology
Priority to CN202111606679.5A priority Critical patent/CN115010491B/zh
Publication of CN115010491A publication Critical patent/CN115010491A/zh
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN115010491B publication Critical patent/CN115010491B/zh
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/50Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on rare-earth compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/01Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/495Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on vanadium, niobium, tantalum, molybdenum or tungsten oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. vanadates, niobates, tantalates, molybdates or tungstates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3224Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3224Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
    • C04B2235/3227Lanthanum oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3224Rare earth oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. scandium oxide
    • C04B2235/3229Cerium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/3231Refractory metal oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C04B2235/3251Niobium oxides, niobates, tantalum oxides, tantalates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C04B2235/3255Niobates or tantalates, e.g. silver niobate
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/96Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
    • C04B2235/9607Thermal properties, e.g. thermal expansion coefficient
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/60Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

Abstract

本发明公开了一种高熵稀土钽酸盐陶瓷材料及其制备方法,属于高熵陶瓷材料技术领域。本发明所述高熵陶瓷材料的化学式为(5RE0.2)Ta3O9,其中,RE为La、Ce、Nd、Sm、Eu和Gd中的任意5种元素。其制备方法为按照化学计量比称量La2O3,CeO2,Nd2O3,Sm2O3,Eu2O3,Gd2O3和Ta2O5;采用湿法球磨混匀,经过干燥、研磨、过筛得到混合均匀的粉体;将干燥后的粉体放置于模具内压实,得到粉末坯体;将粉末坯体放置于氧化铝坩埚内,并于高温箱式电阻炉在空气气氛下烧结;该高熵陶瓷材料具有强度高、硬度高、抗氧化性强、热导率低等优点,在载人航天、国防军工、汽车制造和微纳电子等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。

Description

一种高熵稀土钽酸盐陶瓷材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高熵稀土钽酸盐陶瓷材料及其制备方法,属于高熵陶瓷材料技术领域,具体提供一种(5RE0.2)Ta3O9高熵稀土钽酸盐陶瓷及其制备方法。
背景技术
高熵陶瓷材料通常是指由5种或5种以上元素形成的多主元固溶体陶瓷,由于其新奇的“高熵效应”以及优异的性能,成为近年来研究的热点;高熵陶瓷具有超高的晶格畸变效应和高构型熵使其的热导率较低,提升材料的性能。
稀土钽酸盐具有高熔点、良好的热稳定性及优异的热物理性能,成为新型热障涂层的候选材料;近年来,研究者陆续制备出几种具有更低热导率的高熵稀土钽酸盐陶瓷,如(Sm0.2Gd0.2Dy0.2Y0.2Yb0.2)3TaO7等。现如今所制备的可用于热障涂层材料的高熵陶瓷的热导率仍然不够低,不能满足部分实际应用的需求,因此急需寻找一种新的具有更低热导率的陶瓷材料。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术存在的不足,本发明提出一种新型高熵稀土钽酸盐,所述高熵稀土钽酸盐陶瓷化学式为(5RE0.2)Ta3O9,其中RE为La,Ce,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd中的任意5种不同元素,各稀土元素的摩尔比等于1。
本发明的另一目的在于提供所述高熵稀土钽酸盐陶瓷材料的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)按化学计量比称量稀土氧化物和五氧化二钽,所述稀土氧化物为:氧化镧(La2O3)、氧化铈(CeO2)、氧化钕(Nd2O3)、氧化钐(Sm2O3)、氧化铕(Eu2O3)、氧化钆(Gd2O3)中的任意5种。
(2)采用湿化学方法球磨原材料,经过干燥、研磨、过筛得到混合均匀的粉体。
(3)将混合均匀的粉体置于不锈钢模具内压实得到粉末坯体。
(4)将粉末坯体在空气气氛下烧结制得高熵稀土钽酸盐陶瓷。
优选的,本发明步骤(1)中各稀土氧化物按等摩尔比称量,本发明中等摩尔量可以使熵值最大,从而使晶格混乱度增加,使其热导率降低。
优选的,本发明所述稀土氧化物和五氧化二钽的纯度≥99%。
优选的,本发明步骤(2)中球磨的条件为:球磨转速300 rpm,球磨时间为12 h;球磨介质为乙醇、ZrO2球,球:料:乙醇的质量比为5:1:1,干燥的温度为80℃,干燥时间为10~24h。
优选的,本发明步骤(3)采用单轴压力机进行压实,其中压力为117 MPa,保压时间为8~10 min。
优选的,本发明步骤(4)中,所述烧结过程为:以10 ℃/min的升温速率将温度从室温升温至1000 ℃,然后再以5℃/min的升温速率将温度从1000℃升温至1400 ℃,最后以3℃/min的升温速率升温至1500 ℃,保温10 h。
本发明选取的稀土元素以及Ta元素具有较大的相对原子质量,并且由于五种元素的等摩尔比掺杂,可以产生非晶体热导率的特征,可以使陶瓷的热导率进一步降低。
本发明的有益效果
(1)本发明的制造陶瓷坯体的过程无需造粒,煅烧,采用常规烧结,具有简单快速、设备要求低、可操纵性强等优点,容易实现规模化生产。
(2)本发明制备的高熵稀土钽酸盐粉体容易压制成型,不需要添加粘结剂。
(3)本发明制备的高熵稀土钽酸盐(5RE0.2)Ta3O9具有较低的热导率和较好的烧结性能;(Gd0.2Ce0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2)Ta3O9在室温下的热导率为1.14 W·m-1·K-1,是当前热障涂层服役材料YSZ(氧化钇稳定氧化锆)的0.68倍。
附图说明
图1为实施例1~6制备的(5RE0.2)Ta3O9高熵陶瓷烧结后的XRD图谱。
图2为实施实例1制备的(Gd0.2Ce0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2)Ta3O9高熵陶瓷烧结后的EDS图谱。
图3为(5RE0.2)Ta3O9高熵陶瓷烧结后的热导率图谱。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明,但本发明的保护范围并不限于所述内容。
实施例
一种高熵稀土钽酸盐陶瓷材料的制备方法,具体步骤如下:
(1)将La2O3,CeO2,Nd2O3,Sm2O3,Eu2O3,Ta2O5按照摩尔比为1:2:1:1:1:15进行配料。
(2)把配好料的粉体在无水乙醇中混合(球:料:乙醇(质量比)=5:1:1),置于行星式球磨机中球磨(球磨机的转速为300 r/min,球磨时间为12 h,正转6 h,反转6 h,间隔15min),球磨后的粉体在80 烘箱中干燥24 h后过300目筛,得到混合均匀的粉体。
(3)将混合均匀的粉体置于不锈钢模具内,用液压压制成型(保压压力为117 MPa,保压时间为8 min),得到粉末坯体。
(4)将粉末坯体置于氧化铝坩埚内,再将坩埚置于高温箱式电阻炉中,在空气气氛下以10℃/min升温至1000 ℃,以5℃/min升温至1400℃,以3℃/min升温至1500 ℃,保温10h,使其自然冷却,最终得到(La0.2Ce0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2)Ta3O9高熵陶瓷。
表1为本发明实施例1~6的具体参数(表格中斜线表示不含有该成分)
本发明实施例1~6制备的(5RE0.2)Ta3O9高熵陶瓷烧结后的XRD图谱,由图可以看出,所有实施例制备的高熵陶瓷为纯净的单一固溶体。
图2为实施实例1~6制备的(Gd0.2Ce0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Eu0.2)Ta3O9高熵陶瓷烧结后的EDS图谱,由图可以看出各个元素分布均匀,没有任何一个元素产生偏析,表明成功合成了单一固溶体,并没有产生其他杂相。
图3为(5RE0.2)Ta3O9高熵陶瓷烧结后的热导率图谱,由图可以看出,在25℃时,其变化范围为1.14~1.75 W·m-1·K-1,并随着测试温度的升高而逐渐升高。GCNSE在室温下的导热系数为1.14 W·m-1·K-1,约为目前服役的热障涂层材料YSZ (2.3 W·m-1·K-1)的一半。根据热传导理论,陶瓷晶格中掺杂原子与基体原子的离子半径差越大,声子散射效应越强,热导率越低。

Claims (6)

1.一种高熵稀土钽酸盐陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,具体包括以下步骤:
(1)按化学计量比称量稀土氧化物和五氧化二钽,所述稀土氧化物为La2O3、CeO2、Nd2O3、Sm2O3、Eu2O3、Gd2O3中的任意5种;
(2)采用湿化学方法球磨原材料,经过干燥、研磨、过筛得到混合均匀的粉体;
(3)将混合均匀的粉体置于不锈钢模具内压实得到粉末坯体;
(4)将粉末坯体在空气气氛下烧结制得高熵稀土钽酸盐陶瓷;
所述高熵稀土钽酸盐陶瓷材料的化学式为(5RE0.2)Ta3O9,其中RE为La、Ce、Nd、Sm、Eu和Gd中的任意5种元素,5种稀土元素的摩尔比等于1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高熵稀土钽酸盐陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中各稀土氧化物按等摩尔比称量。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高熵稀土钽酸盐陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:稀土氧化物和五氧化二钽的纯度≥99%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高熵稀土钽酸盐陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中球磨的条件为:球磨转速300 rpm,球磨时间为12 h;球磨介质为乙醇、ZrO2球,球:料:乙醇的质量比为5:1:1,干燥的温度为80℃,干燥时间为10~24h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高熵稀土钽酸盐陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)采用单轴压力机进行压实,其中压力为117 MPa,保压时间为8~10 min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高熵稀土钽酸盐陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中,所述烧结过程为:以10 ℃/min的升温速率将温度从室温升温至1000 ℃,然后再以5℃/min的升温速率将温度从1000℃升温至1400 ℃,最后以3 ℃/min的升温速率升温至1500℃,保温10h。
CN202111606679.5A 2021-12-26 2021-12-26 一种高熵稀土钽酸盐陶瓷材料及其制备方法 Active CN115010491B (zh)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111606679.5A CN115010491B (zh) 2021-12-26 2021-12-26 一种高熵稀土钽酸盐陶瓷材料及其制备方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111606679.5A CN115010491B (zh) 2021-12-26 2021-12-26 一种高熵稀土钽酸盐陶瓷材料及其制备方法

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN115010491A CN115010491A (zh) 2022-09-06
CN115010491B true CN115010491B (zh) 2023-07-18

Family

ID=83064604

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202111606679.5A Active CN115010491B (zh) 2021-12-26 2021-12-26 一种高熵稀土钽酸盐陶瓷材料及其制备方法

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN115010491B (zh)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115403382B (zh) * 2022-09-30 2023-03-21 中国地质大学(武汉) 一种热障涂层用高熵钇酸盐陶瓷材料及其制备方法和应用

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107285768A (zh) * 2017-07-04 2017-10-24 昆明理工大学 一种稀土钽酸盐高温陶瓷的制备方法
CN112839915B (zh) * 2018-10-09 2022-11-15 欧瑞康美科(美国)公司 用于热障涂层(tbc)面涂层的高熵氧化物
CN110078507B (zh) * 2019-06-18 2020-12-18 昆明理工大学 一种高熵稀土增韧钽酸盐陶瓷及其制备方法
CN113373363B (zh) * 2021-05-26 2022-09-16 北京有研粉末新材料研究院有限公司 难熔高熵复合材料及其制备方法
CN113264769B (zh) * 2021-07-08 2022-07-22 昆明理工大学 一种高熵稳定稀土钽酸盐/铌酸盐陶瓷及其制备方法
CN113831124A (zh) * 2021-08-06 2021-12-24 陕西天璇涂层科技有限公司 一种热障陶瓷涂层材料及其制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN115010491A (zh) 2022-09-06

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN112830782B (zh) 一种高熵稀土铌/钽/钼酸盐陶瓷及其制备方法
CN112919908B (zh) 一种新型钙钛矿结构高熵陶瓷及其制备方法
CN110078504B (zh) 一种原位合成赝二元复相稀土铌酸盐陶瓷及其制备方法
CN104529449A (zh) 一种采用两步烧结制备氧化钇基透明陶瓷的方法
CN104557013B (zh) 一种四价铬掺杂钇铝石榴石透明陶瓷的制备方法
CN113045312B (zh) 一种具有类玻璃热导率的高熵钇烧绿石陶瓷及其制备方法
CN114436656B (zh) 一种具有低热导率和高热稳定性的高熵硅酸盐陶瓷及其制备方法与应用
CN102659403A (zh) 一种耐高温热障涂层陶瓷材料及其制备方法
CN110256075B (zh) 一种掺杂改性的Gd2Zr2O7陶瓷材料及其制备方法
CN110590377A (zh) 一种高β相致密氮化硅陶瓷及低温制备方法
CN106167406B (zh) 钽酸钇高温陶瓷及其制备方法
JP2951771B2 (ja) 希土類酸化物−アルミナ−シリカ焼結体およびその製造方法
CN113943162B (zh) 一种α-SiAlON高熵透明陶瓷材料及其制备方法
CN108439977B (zh) 一种高温低热导氧化铪基热障涂层材料及其制备方法
CN114956818A (zh) 一种低热导率高熵铈酸盐陶瓷材料及其制备方法
CN115010491B (zh) 一种高熵稀土钽酸盐陶瓷材料及其制备方法
CN113233876B (zh) 一种高发射率高熵陶瓷材料及其制备方法和应用
CN112062556B (zh) 一种锆酸钙-锆酸锶-锆酸钡固溶体陶瓷材料及其制备方法
Zhou et al. Microstructure and mechanical properties of 8YSZ ceramics by liquid-phase sintering with CuO-TiO2 addition
CN116903368A (zh) 一种多元共掺杂钇铝石榴石热障涂层材料及其制备方法
CN110835264A (zh) 一种四价离子掺杂增韧氧化铪基高温热防护材料制备方法
CN115403379A (zh) 一种细晶高熵稀土钽酸盐陶瓷的制备方法
CN114835473B (zh) 一种氧化铝陶瓷及其制备方法
JP3007730B2 (ja) 希土類酸化物−アルミナ焼結体およびその製造方法
CN114835492A (zh) 一种稀土基锆铪复合陶瓷材料及其制备方法和应用

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant