CN115005165B - Independent feeding and observation device for tomato leaf miner and use method - Google Patents
Independent feeding and observation device for tomato leaf miner and use method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115005165B CN115005165B CN202210755288.8A CN202210755288A CN115005165B CN 115005165 B CN115005165 B CN 115005165B CN 202210755288 A CN202210755288 A CN 202210755288A CN 115005165 B CN115005165 B CN 115005165B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
Abstract
The invention relates to a device for independently feeding and observing tomato leaf miner and a using method thereof, relating to the technical field of leaf miner research devices. The method comprises the following steps: an observation device, a collection tank, and a water supply tank; the water supply tank is transversely inserted into the bottom of the collection tank, the observation device longitudinally penetrates through the collection tank, and the bottom end of the observation device extends into the water supply tank; the observation device comprises a short cover, a long cover and a base, wherein the base is divided into a water supply chamber and an observation chamber by a long fixing plate, the short cover is buckled on the water supply chamber, and the long cover is buckled on the observation chamber. The invention has the characteristics of less times of disturbance, low escape rate of adults and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of leaf miner research devices, in particular to a device for independently breeding and observing tomato leaf miners and a using method.
Background
Tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta (Meyrinck) is used as the latest invasive major agricultural pest in China, understanding of development duration, life span, reproductive growth and offspring farrowing rate is the premise for effectively controlling the tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta, so that the insect needs to be independently raised for biological related research, and some traditional observation devices cannot meet the requirement of large-scale monomer raising and observation.
At present, the independent feeding and under-stereoscope observation device for the tomato leaf miner mainly comprises a transparent plastic tank, a culture dish and a tiny insect breeding box. Wherein the plastic can is transparent. Because the tomato leaf miner needs to be raised and observed in a single head, the devices need to relate to the cultivation of the leaf miner and the observation under the stereoscopic vision, and the characteristics are taken as starting points, so the devices need the characteristics of water retention, convenient observation, simple and convenient operation and the like on the leaf miner. The devices of transparent plastic pots, culture dishes and micro-insect ecology have a fatal defect firstly: the water supply of the leaves is difficult, and if the leaves of the plant after the leaves are separated from the body are lack of water or have excessive water, the leaves are easy to lose water and die or the roots of the plant are easy to rot; secondly, when the device is observed under a stereoscope, the transparent plastic tank, the culture dish and the tiny insect feeding box have small sizes, so that the behavior of the tomato leaf miner is influenced to a greater or lesser extent when the device moves, and the measurement error is increased for the test; and a large amount of tomato leaf miners can be frequently and independently raised according to test requirements, the operation is required to greatly shorten the test time, and the accuracy of the test is also increased.
How to provide a device for separately feeding and observing tomato leaf miner and a using method thereof becomes a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently by a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a device for independently breeding and observing tomato leaf miner and a using method thereof, so as to solve the problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a device for independently breeding and observing tomato leaf miner, which comprises: an observation device, a collection tank, and a water supply tank; the water supply tank is transversely inserted into the bottom of the collection tank, the observation device longitudinally penetrates through the collection tank, and the bottom end of the observation device extends into the water supply tank; the observation device comprises a short cover, a long cover and a base, the base is divided into a water supply chamber and an observation chamber by a long fixing plate, the short cover is buckled on the water supply chamber, and the long cover is buckled on the observation chamber.
Furthermore, the short cover with supply water outdoor wall and the long cover with the observation room outer wall all passes through the hinge and articulates.
Furthermore, a short fixing plate is arranged inside the water supply chamber, a long fixing plate corresponding to the short fixing plate is arranged in the short cover, the short fixing plate and the long fixing plate are both provided with corresponding semicircular grooves, and soft rubber is arranged in the semicircular grooves.
Furthermore, one side of the long cover close to the short cover is provided with a long fixing plate corresponding to the position of the long fixing plate in the base, the two long fixing plates are both provided with corresponding semicircular grooves, and soft rubber is arranged in the two semicircular grooves.
Furthermore, a blade clamping plate is arranged in the observation chamber.
Furthermore, a ventilation net is arranged on one side of the observation chamber, which is far away from the water supply chamber.
Furthermore, the inside of the water supply chamber is filled with high-density sponge, and one side of the water supply chamber, which is far away from the observation chamber, is provided with a plurality of water permeable holes.
Further, the water supply tank comprises a handle and a water tank, the water tank is transversely inserted into the bottom of the collection tank, and the handle is installed on one side of the water tank.
Furthermore, a plurality of openings for inserting and clamping the observation device are arranged on the collection box.
A method for using a device for independently breeding and observing tomato leaf miners comprises the following steps:
taking fresh blades, selecting a long fixing plate or a short fixing plate according to the length of a petiole, clamping the petiole, and clamping the upper part of the petiole into a blade clamping plate to fix the blades;
secondly, after eggs or larvae of the tomato leaf miner are inoculated to the leaves, the long cover and the observation chamber are closed through a hinge, and the short cover and the water supply chamber are closed;
step three, the opening of the collection box and the water tank form a whole;
inserting the observation device into the opening of the water supply device, and transmitting the water into the water supply chamber;
observing the liquid level of the water tank through the device, and supplementing water in time if the liquid level is lower than the bottommost end of the observing device;
and step six, when the tomato leaf miner needs to be observed, the observation device is pulled out for direct observation, if the tomato leaf miner needs to be observed under a stereoscope, the device is flatly placed at the center of the visual field of the stereoscope, and two sides of the device are slightly pushed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the observation device has the characteristic of less times of disturbance, the water is supplemented through the collection box and the water supply box, the observation device does not need to be opened and closed during water supplement, and the escape rate of adult tomato leaf miner is low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall results of the present invention in a feeding state;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an internal structure of an observation apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the viewing device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the other side of the observation device of the present invention closed;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a structure of a water service box according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of the collection box of the present invention.
Wherein, 1, observing device; 1.1, a long cover; 1.2, short cover; 1.3, soft rubber; 1.4, a water supply chamber; 1.5, a short fixing plate; 1.6, a long fixing plate; 1.7, an observation room; 1.8, a blade clamping plate; 1.9, a hinge; 1.10, a ventilation net; 1.11, water permeable holes; 2. an aggregate box; 2.1, opening; 3. a water supply tank; 3.1, a water tank; 3.2, a handle.
Detailed Description
To achieve the above objects and advantages, the present invention provides a technical means and a structure, which will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-6, the present invention provides a device for individually raising and observing tomato leaf miner, which is characterized by comprising: an observation device 1, a collection tank 2, and a water supply tank 3; the water supply tank 3 is transversely inserted at the bottom of the assembly tank 2, and the assembly tank 2 and the water supply tank 3 can form a water supply whole, so that the water supply tank is convenient to take and place and water is convenient to add; the observation device 1 longitudinally penetrates through the collection box 2, the bottom end of the observation device extends into the water supply box 3, and the observation device 1 is used for observing the water supplement and the tomato leaf miner inside the observation device 1; the observation device 1 comprises a short cover 1.2, a long cover 1.1 and a base, wherein the base is divided into a water supply chamber 1.4 and an observation chamber 1.7 by a long fixing plate 1.6, so that the observation chamber 1.7 can be prevented from forming water mist to influence observation; the short cover 1.2 is buckled on the water supply chamber 1.4, and the long cover 1.1 is buckled on the observation chamber 1.7.
In this embodiment, the short cover 1.2 and the outer wall of the water supply chamber 1.4 and the long cover 1.1 and the outer wall of the observation chamber 1.7 are hinged through hinges 1.9, so that the short cover 1.2 and the long cover can be opened and closed conveniently.
In this embodiment, the inside short fixed plate 1.5 that is provided with of feed chamber 1.4, be provided with in the short lid 1.2 with the long fixed plate 1.6 that short fixed plate 1.5 position corresponds, just short fixed plate 1.5 with long fixed plate 1.6 all is provided with corresponding semicircle recess, and two semicircle recesses all are provided with soft rubber 1.3, and the thickness can be adapted to when the fixed blade petioles to setting up of soft rubber 1.3, and the steam that also can prevent and control feed chamber 1.4 rises to observation room 1.7 and then influences the observation simultaneously.
Long lid 1.1 is close to one side of short lid 1.2 be provided with long fixed plate 1.6 that long fixed plate 1.6 position in the base corresponds, two long fixed plate 1.6 all is provided with corresponding semicircle groove, all is provided with soft rubber 1.3 in the semicircle groove, and soft rubber 1.3's setting can adapt to the thickness when the fixed blade petiole, and the steam that also can prevent simultaneously water supply chamber 1.4 rises to observation chamber 1.7 and then influences the observation.
And a blade clamping plate 1.8 is arranged in the observation chamber 1.7, can be used for fixing the blades and is convenient for moving the device.
According to the invention, the long fixing plate 1.6 or the short fixing plate 1.5 can be selected according to the length of the petiole, and the upper part of the petiole is clamped into the blade clamping plate 1.8 after the petiole is clamped, so that the blade is fixed.
In the embodiment, the ventilating net 1.10 is arranged on the side of the observation chamber 1.7 far away from the water supply chamber 1.4, so that the inside of the observation chamber 1.7 can be kept ventilated, and simultaneously, the blades can be prevented from transpiring to act on the inner wall of the device to generate water mist to interfere the sight.
In this embodiment, the water supply chamber 1.4 is filled with high density sponge, and one side of the water supply chamber 1.4 far away from the observation chamber 1.7 is provided with a plurality of water permeable holes 1.11, so that water can be absorbed through the device and retained in the water supply chamber 1.4, thereby facilitating water supplement of the blades.
In this embodiment, the water supply tank 3 includes a handle 3.2 and a water tank 3.1, the water tank 3.1 is transversely inserted into the bottom of the collecting tank 2, and the handle 3.2 is installed on one side of the water tank 3.1.
In this embodiment, the set box 2 is provided with eight openings 2.1 for inserting and clamping the observation device 1, and the number of the openings 2.1 can be adjusted as required.
In the embodiment, except for the hinge 1.9, all materials are polycarbonate, so that the integral compressive strength of the device can be ensured while the transparency is high; the whole device is long: width: height =12cm:8cm:12cm, and can ensure that the blade can sufficiently receive light on the premise of not occupying space.
The embodiment also provides a using method of the device for separately feeding and observing the tomato leaf miner, which comprises the following steps:
taking fresh blades, selecting a long fixing plate 1.6 or a short fixing plate 1.5 according to the length of a petiole, clamping the petiole, and clamping the upper part of the petiole into a blade clamping plate 1.8 to finish the fixation of the blade;
secondly, after eggs or larvae of the tomato leaf miner are inoculated to the leaves, the long cover 1.1 and the observation chamber 1.7 are closed through the hinge 1.9, and the short cover 1.2 and the water supply chamber 1.4 are closed;
step three, the opening 2.1 of the collection box 2 and the water tank 3.1 form a whole;
step four, inserting the observation device 1 into the opening 2.1 of the water supply device, and transmitting the moisture into the water supply chamber 1.4;
observing the liquid level of the water tank 3.1 through the device, and replenishing water in time if the liquid level is lower than the bottommost end of the observing device 1;
and step six, when the tomato leaf miner needs to be observed, the observation device 1 is pulled out for direct observation, if the tomato leaf miner needs to be observed under a stereoscope, the device is flatly placed at the center of the visual field of the stereoscope, and two sides of the device are slightly pushed.
Examples of the experiments
The invention and the traditional device are respectively used for feeding and observing experiments of the tomato leaf miner. The breeding experiment is carried out in a thermostat in a laboratory, and the device, the culture dish, the transparent plastic tank and the tiny insect breeding box are used; the observation experiment is carried out under a laboratory endoscope, and the device, the culture dish, the transparent plastic tank and the tiny insect breeding box are used.
Feeding experiment: the first-hatched tomato leaf miner first-instar larvae are respectively bred in the breeding device, the culture dish, the transparent plastic tank and the tiny insect breeding box, each device is bred for 100, and the detached leaves in each device are selected from tomato leaves of the same variety and size. Observing and counting the time consumed for completing water change, leaf access, larva access and the like in an artificial climate box; mortality of leaves due to water loss and deformation rate due to problems of the device itself; the device has water retention days.
And (3) observation experiment: and respectively putting 100 primary eclosion imagoes into 4 devices for feeding, observing and counting the frequency of the tomato leaf miner imagoes disturbed by 50 slight movement devices and the escape rate after 50 water replenishing operations when the tomato leaf miner imagoes are observed under a stereoscope.
(1) Feeding experiment of tomato leaf miner
TABLE 1 time required for the operation of the different devices for feeding tomato leaf miner
Note: adult injury and mortality are mean ± sem in the table. The lower case letters are identical indicating that the difference is not significant, and the differences indicate that the difference is significant. Significance of difference was calculated using SPSS 25. The data in the same column are followed by different lower case letters indicating significant differences at a level of P < 0.05 as tested by the LSDtest difference detection method.
From table 1 it can be derived: under the condition of simultaneously feeding 100 tomato leaf miners, the time required for completing the operations of leaf inoculation, water change and larva inoculation is the shortest, and is respectively 18.20min, 1.23 min and 10.90min. The time required by the culture dish larva access operation is not obviously different from that of the invention and is 10.73 min, but the other two parts of operations are obviously higher than that of the invention, the blade access time is 33.83min, and the water change time is 4.07min (F) 3,11 ＝233.867，P＝0.000；F 3,11 ＝1176.025，P＝0.000；F 3,11 ＝110.446， P＝0.000)。
TABLE 2 leaf mortality and days of Water conservation when feeding tomato leaf miners with different devices
Note: adult injury and mortality are mean ± sem in the table. The lower case letters are identical indicating that the difference is not significant, and the differences indicate that the difference is significant. Significance of difference was calculated using SPSS 25. The data in the same column are labeled with different lower case letters indicating significant differences at a level of P < 0.05 as determined by the LSD test difference detection method.
From table 2 it can be derived: the number of days for water retention of the leaves when the device of the invention is used for breeding the tomato leaf miner is 7.33 d, and the number of days is the highest among the four devices; the transparent plastic pot is used for containing the highest tiny insect feeding boxes, which are respectively 2.26d and 2.20d; the minimum water retention days in culture is only 1.50 days, which is about 1/5 (F) of the water retention days in the invention 3,11 ＝1005.372， P＝0.000)。
Of the four feeding devices, the death rate of the leaves is the lowest by the invention and is only 1.33 percent, and the death rates of the culture dish and the tiny insect feeding box are the highest and are respectively 11.00 percent and 12.00 percent; the highest death rate of the transparent plastic tank is 16.00 percent (F) 3,11 ＝139.300，P＝0.000)。
The shape change rate of the leaves in different feeding devices is the lowest in the invention and is only 3.00 percent, and the shape change rates of the other three devices are all obviously higher than that of the invention, and the shape change rate of the leaves in the transparent plastic tank is the highest and is 27.00 percent; the culture dish and the tiny insect feeding box are respectively 15.00 percent and 16.67 percent (F) 3,11 ＝348.100，P＝0.000)。
(2) Observation experiment of tomato leaf miner
TABLE 3 number of times of surprise and escape rate of tomato leaf miner adults observed by different devices
Note: adult injury and mortality are mean ± sem in the table. The lower case letters are the same and mean no significant difference, and the differences mean significant difference. Significance of difference was calculated using SPSS 25. The data in the same column are labeled with different lower case letters indicating significant differences at a level of P < 0.05 as determined by the LSD test difference detection method.
From table 3 it can be derived: the number of times of disturbance is the lowest in the invention, and is only 5.00 times, and the other three devices are all obviously higher than the invention, wherein the number of the culture dishes is 29.33 times, which is about 6 times of the invention; the number of the transparent plastic tanks is 20.00 times, which is 4 times of the number of the transparent plastic tanks; the number of the tiny insect breeding boxes is 14.00 times, which is about 3 times of the invention (F) 3,11 ＝171.318，P＝0.000)。
The escape rate of the tomato leaf miner adult insects observed in different devices is the lowest in the invention and is 0, the escape rate of the tomato leaf miner adult insects observed in different devices is 11.00 percent when the tomato leaf miner adult insects are raised in a culture dish and a tiny insect raising box, and the escape rate of the tomato leaf miner adult insects observed in a transparent plastic tank is 18.00 percent when the tomato leaf miner adult insects are raised in a transparent plastic tank for the second time (F) 3,11 ＝221.333，P＝0.000)。
Firstly, analyzing the feeding result of the tomato leaf miner:
the results of feeding the tomato leaf miner show that the feeding device for the tomato leaf miner is obviously superior to the feeding method of the traditional culture dish, the transparent plastic tank and the tiny insect breeding box. The feeding device and the method are suitable for independently feeding the tomato leaf miner. As can be seen from the experimental species for breeding the tomato leaf miner, the breeding device has the advantages that the wall body is transparent, the change of moisture can be observed, so that the moisture is supplemented, and meanwhile, the ventilation net is arranged at the topmost part of the device, so that the moisture can be prevented from being condensed in the device, and further the observation is influenced.
Traditional culture dish is because only wrap up wet cotton for isolated plant leaf and keep water, but cotton moisture volatilizees soon, leads to the leaf very easily to die because of the lack of water, simultaneously because the reason of culture dish itself, leads to the larva to insert and moisturizing time on the long side. Therefore, the traditional method for breeding a large amount of single-head tomato leaf miners is long in time and labor-consuming, and the death rate of leaves is higher.
And transparent plastic tank is owing to need be to the lid screw and unscrew to this requirement to time is much higher than other devices, because the inside moisturizing device of transparent plastic tank is the centrifuging tube that punches simultaneously, therefore very easily leads to the blade deformation rate high, and then influences subsequent observation experiment.
The tiny insect feeding box needs a frame or a rubber band for re-fixing when being opened and closed, so that the operation time can be prolonged.
(II) analysis of results of observation experiments on tomato leaf miner
The observation experiment result of the tomato leaf miner shows that the observation device adopted by the invention is also obviously superior to three traditional devices, namely a culture dish, a transparent plastic tank and a tiny insect feeding box.
The observation device and the observation method are suitable for the tomato leaf miner. As can be seen from observation experiments of tomato leaf miners, the observation device has the characteristics of less times of disturbance, low escape rate of adults and the like. The other three devices are all higher than the present invention. The culture dish, the transparent plastic tank and the tiny insect feeding box are inconvenient to move due to the small width of the device, so that the number of times of the imagoes is increased; similarly, the traditional device needs to be opened and closed for water replenishing, the escape rate is high because the adult tomato leaf miner is active, and the tomato leaf miner cannot escape because an observation room does not need to be opened and closed during water replenishing.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with respect to the apparatus for individually raising and observing tomato leaf miner, the method of use and the results thereof, the present invention can be used to individually raise and observe small insects such as parasitoid wasps, cabbage caterpillars, green lacewings, predatory mites, ladybirds and ants by slightly adjusting the size of the soft rubber of the observation apparatus, the type of the leaves in vitro, the size of the observation chamber and the water replenishing chamber.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the technical scope of the present invention, so that any minor modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention are within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a tomato leaf miner's individual rearing and viewing device which characterized in that includes: an observation device (1), an aggregate box (2) and a water supply box (3); the water supply tank (3) is transversely inserted at the bottom of the assembly tank (2), the observation device (1) longitudinally penetrates through the assembly tank (2), and the bottom end of the observation device extends into the water supply tank (3); the observation device (1) comprises a short cover (1.2), a long cover (1.1) and a base, wherein the base is divided into a water supply chamber (1.4) and an observation chamber (1.7) by a long fixing plate (1.6), the short cover (1.2) is buckled on the water supply chamber (1.4), and the long cover (1.1) is buckled on the observation chamber (1.7);
a short fixing plate (1.5) is arranged in the water supply chamber (1.4), a long fixing plate (1.6) corresponding to the short fixing plate (1.5) is arranged in the short cover (1.2), the short fixing plate (1.5) and the long fixing plate (1.6) are provided with corresponding semicircular grooves, and soft rubber (1.3) is arranged in each semicircular groove;
one side of the long cover (1.1) close to the short cover (1.2) is provided with a long fixing plate (1.6) corresponding to the position of the long fixing plate (1.6) in the base, the two long fixing plates (1.6) are provided with corresponding semicircular grooves, and soft rubber (1.3) is arranged in each semicircular groove;
short lid (1.2) with supply water chamber (1.4) outer wall and long lid (1.1) with observation room (1.7) outer wall all is articulated through hinge (1.9).
2. The device for individually raising and observing tomato leaf miner as claimed in claim 1, wherein a leaf chuck plate (1.8) is arranged in the observation chamber (1.7).
3. The device for separately feeding and observing tomato leaf miner as claimed in claim 1, wherein a ventilation net (1.10) is arranged on one side of the observation chamber (1.7) far away from the water supply chamber (1.4).
4. The apparatus for separately feeding and observing tomato leaf miner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water supply chamber (1.4) is filled with high density sponge, and the side of the water supply chamber (1.4) far away from the observation chamber (1.7) is provided with a plurality of water permeable holes (1.11).
5. The device for separately feeding and observing tomato leaf miner as claimed in claim 2, wherein the water supply tank (3) comprises a handle (3.2) and a water tank (3.1), the water tank (3.1) is transversely inserted into the bottom of the collection tank (2), and the handle (3.2) is installed on one side of the water tank (3.1).
6. The device for individually raising and observing tomato leaf miner as claimed in claim 5, wherein said collection box (2) is provided with a plurality of openings (2.1) for inserting and clamping said observation device (1).
7. The method for using the device for feeding and observing the tomato leaf miner separately as claimed in claim 6, comprising the following steps:
taking fresh blades, selecting a long fixing plate (1.6) or a short fixing plate (1.5) according to the length of a blade stalk, clamping the blade stalk, and clamping the upper part into a blade clamping plate (1.8) to finish the fixation of the blades;
secondly, after the eggs or larvae of the tomato leaf miner are inoculated on the leaves, the long cover (1.1) and the observation chamber (1.7) are closed through a hinge (1.9), and the short cover (1.2) and the water supply chamber (1.4) are closed;
step three, the opening (2.1) of the collection box (2) and the water tank (3.1) form a whole;
step four, inserting the observation device (1) into the opening (2.1) of the water supply device, and transmitting the moisture into the water supply chamber (1.4);
observing the liquid level of the water tank (3.1) through the device, and supplementing water in time if the liquid level is lower than the bottommost end of the observation device (1);
and step six, when the tomato leaf miner needs to be observed, the observation device (1) is drawn out for direct observation, if the tomato leaf miner is observed under a stereoscope, the device is flatly placed at the center of the visual field of the stereoscope, and two sides of the device are slightly pushed.
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