CN115004929B - Composite broken-soil type polygonatum odoratum harvester and harvesting method - Google Patents
Composite broken-soil type polygonatum odoratum harvester and harvesting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115004929B CN115004929B CN202210693518.2A CN202210693518A CN115004929B CN 115004929 B CN115004929 B CN 115004929B CN 202210693518 A CN202210693518 A CN 202210693518A CN 115004929 B CN115004929 B CN 115004929B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 223
- 241001633680 Polygonatum odoratum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 241000756042 Polygonatum Species 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000008737 Polygonatum biflorum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000001120 potassium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 241000234280 Liliaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D17/00—Digging machines with sieving and conveying mechanisms
- A01D17/08—Digging machines with sieving and conveying mechanisms with shaker type screens
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D17/00—Digging machines with sieving and conveying mechanisms
- A01D17/10—Digging machines with sieving and conveying mechanisms with smooth conveyor belts, lath bands or rake bands
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D33/00—Accessories for digging harvesters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D33/00—Accessories for digging harvesters
- A01D33/12—Driving mechanisms, with or without motor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a composite soil-crushing type polygonatum odoratum harvester and a harvesting method. The fruit body lifting device and the fruit soil separating device are arranged in the middle of the frame; driving the fruit body lifting device and the fruit soil separating device through the transmission device; the front end of the fruit body lifting device is also provided with an excavating device; the transmission device also comprises a gearbox, a hydraulic pump and a hydraulic motor which are arranged on the top plate of the frame; the invention integrates the functions of digging, conveying and separating fruit and soil, and is particularly beneficial to realizing the great improvement of the fruit and soil separation effect under the condition of low material damage rate aiming at the south sticky soil. The composite fruit soil separation method of effectively combining vibration crushed soil and twin-roll crushing soil is realized; realizes the twice effective separation of the polygonatum odoratum and the soil. Is convenient for collecting the polygonatum odoratum and improves the whole production efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a composite soil-crushing type polygonatum odoratum harvester and a harvesting method.
Background
Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati is a perennial herb of Liliaceae, and its rhizome can be used for medicine, and has effects of lowering blood sugar, blood lipid, and blood pressure, and has high medicinal value. The polygonatum is generally grown in places with deep soil layers, good water drainage and rich sand and humus. At the present stage, the polygonatum is generally harvested by adopting manual excavation, stalks are manually pulled out, and then rhizomes of the polygonatum are excavated, so that the labor intensity is high, the efficiency is low, and the polygonatum is often rotten in the field due to untimely harvesting. In addition, the polygonatum is planted in the south area, the soil is sticky and heavy, and the soil and the polygonatum are difficult to mix and separate in the harvesting process, so that the polygonatum becomes a key factor for restricting large-area yield planting of the polygonatum.
At present, a polygonatum odoratum harvester in the market is almost in a blank state, functions of a general rhizome crop harvester are single, only single digging can be carried out by a vibrating screen type and a shaking chain type fruit-soil separating mechanism, the material damage rate of a vibrating mode with good fruit-soil separating effect is high, the fruit-soil separating effect is poor when the material damage rate is low, and the fact proves that a single fruit-soil separating mode is not suitable for the south sticky soil. Therefore, the composite soil crushing mode is considered to be combined with various fruit soil separation modes, and is an effective mode for solving the fruit soil separation under the condition of the south sticky soil.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a composite broken soil type polygonatum odoratum harvester and a harvesting method, so that the problems in the prior art are solved.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme that the fruit body lifting device comprises a frame, a transmission device and a suspension device which are arranged on the frame, and a fruit body lifting device and a fruit soil separating device which are arranged in the middle of the frame; driving the fruit body lifting device and the fruit soil separating device through the transmission device; the front end of the fruit body lifting device is also provided with an excavating device;
the machine frame is composed of two side plates, a top plate and a bottom connecting plate, the hanging device is arranged above the top plate, and the fruit body lifting device and the fruit soil separating device are arranged between the two side plates;
the suspension device is a triangular bracket and comprises two bottom suspension points protruding from the top plate towards the front end and a vertex suspension point arranged at the vertex of the triangular bracket;
the fruit body lifting device comprises a driving roller, a driven roller and a keel chain plate; the driving roller is arranged between the frames through the driving shaft, and the driven roller is arranged between the frames through the driven shaft; the chain wheel F is connected with the driving shaft, and the chain wheel F is arranged at the tail end of the driving shaft;
the fruit soil separating device is connected with a bottom connecting plate of the frame through a spring, and the inclined included angle between the fruit soil separating device and the horizontal plane is 32 degrees; natural vibration of the frame in the traction driving process of the external power device is utilized, and the vibration is transmitted to the fruit-soil separation device to realize vibration screening and backward conveying of materials and soil; the spiral soil crushing roller realizes double-roller type compression soil crushing under the action of gear meshing transmission; therefore, the fruit soil separation device realizes the composite fruit soil separation of the vibration crushed soil and the twin-roll compression crushed soil.
The fruit soil separating device comprises a left mounting plate and a right mounting plate, wherein the rear part of the mounting plate is provided with an arc-shaped upper guide rod and an arc-shaped lower guide rod which are oppositely arranged; two rows of parallel upper soil crushing roller groups and lower soil crushing roller groups are also arranged between the mounting plates, the upper soil crushing roller groups and the lower soil crushing roller groups are respectively composed of spiral soil crushing rollers, wherein the upper soil crushing roller groups are left-handed soil crushing rollers, and the lower soil crushing roller groups are right-handed soil crushing rollers; the upper guide rod is arranged above the upper soil crushing roller group and used for blanking leftwards; the lower guide rod is arranged between the upper soil crushing roller set and the lower soil crushing roller set and used for rightward blanking;
the transmission device also comprises a gearbox, a hydraulic pump and a hydraulic motor which are arranged on the top plate of the frame; the large gear set and the small gear set are arranged outside the frame, all gears in the large gear set are coaxially arranged with the upper soil crushing roller set, and all gears in the small gear set are coaxially arranged with the lower soil crushing roller set;
the gearbox is connected with an external power device through a power input shaft, and the external power device usually adopts a rear output shaft of a tractor in the field; the gearbox is connected with a chain wheel E through a power output shaft, and the chain wheel E is fixedly arranged at the tail end of the power output shaft;
the chain wheel E is connected with a chain wheel F through a chain C, and the chain wheel F is connected with a fruit soil lifting device;
the power output shaft is also provided with a pump transmission gear which is meshed and connected with a pump connecting wheel which is connected with a hydraulic pump;
the hydraulic pump is connected with the hydraulic motor through a hydraulic pipeline, the hydraulic motor is connected with a chain wheel D, the chain wheel D is connected with a chain wheel C through a tensioning wheel and a chain B, the chain wheel C is coaxially connected with an initial gear in a large gear set, all gears in the large gear set are meshed with each other, a tail gear in the large gear set is coaxially connected with a chain wheel A, the chain wheel A is connected with a chain wheel B through a chain A, the chain wheel B is coaxially connected with a tail gear in a small gear set, and all gears in the small gear set are meshed with each other.
Further, the center-to-center spacing between the left-handed soil-crushing rollers of the upper soil-crushing roller set is 60mm, and the center-to-center spacing between the right-handed soil-crushing rollers of the lower soil-crushing roller set is 30mm. The center distance of the upper soil crushing roller set is larger than that of the lower soil crushing roller set, the larger clay blocks are conveyed backwards from the upper soil crushing roller set, the radix polygonati officinalis and the smaller soil blocks are conveyed backwards from the lower soil crushing roller set, the upper guide rods arranged on the fruit-soil separation device are used for left blanking, the lower guide rods are used for right blanking, and the soil blocks and the radix polygonati officinalis can fall off in a staggered manner.
Further, the pitch of the spiral soil crushing roller is 30mm; the pitches of the left-handed soil crushing roller and the right-handed soil crushing roller are 30mm.
Further, the excavating device comprises an excavating shovel arranged at the front end of the frame; the rear part of the digging shovel is provided with a conveying grid bar; the digging shovel comprises at least more than three shovel sheets fixed at the front end of the digging plate, and the front end of each shovel sheet is provided with a sharp-tooth-shaped structure; the conveying grid bars are arc-shaped and are arranged at the rear end of the digging plate.
A harvesting method of a composite broken-soil type polygonatum odoratum harvester comprises the following steps:
step 1, installing the external power device at the rear part of the external power device through a suspension device, and connecting the external power device with a power input shaft to provide forward power;
step 2, after the power input shaft passes through the gearbox, the power output shaft transmits power, and the power output shaft transmits the power to the fruit soil lifting device through chain transmission formed by a chain wheel E, a chain C and a chain wheel F; on the other hand, the power output shaft is connected with the hydraulic pump through a pump transmission gear and a pump connecting wheel;
step 3, the hydraulic pump drives a hydraulic motor through a hydraulic pipeline, and the hydraulic motor drives a large gear set and a small gear set to rotate through chain transmission formed by a chain wheel D, a tensioning wheel, a chain B and a chain wheel C;
step 4, digging out the mixture of the fruit and the soil by the digging shovel under the action of the digging device when the polygonatum harvester works, and under the thrust action in the advancing direction, the mixture of the fruit and the soil falls to the fruit and the soil lifting device by the conveying grid bars and is conveyed to the fruit and soil separating device by the keel chain plate;
step 5, after the fruit-soil mixture enters the fruit-soil separation device, the fruit-soil mixture slides backwards under the action of gravity of the polygonatum, elasticity of a spring and vibration of a frame, the smaller-sized soil blocks and the polygonatum fall into the lower soil-crushing roller set from a gap of the upper soil-crushing roller set, the larger-sized soil blocks continuously move backwards, and finally the larger-sized soil blocks are conveyed to the left side along an upper guide rod to fall into the field;
step 6, enabling smaller crushed soil to fall into the field through gaps of the lower crushed soil roller set, enabling the separated polygonatum to continuously move backwards, and finally conveying the polygonatum to the right side along the lower guide rod to fall into the field;
step 7, the upper soil crushing roller set and the lower soil crushing roller set are both spiral soil crushing rollers, the spiral soil crushing rollers in the same row are connected with corresponding gear sets, namely, the left-handed soil crushing rollers are connected with gears in the large gear sets, and the right-handed soil crushing rollers are connected with gears in the small gear sets;
the spiral clay crushing roller is driven by the gear set to form roller-type compressed clay crushing, further fruit and soil separation is achieved, and finally the separated polygonatum and clay blocks fall into fields in a staggered manner left and right respectively.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention integrates digging, conveying and fruit soil separation, utilizes natural vibration of the frame in the traction running process of the external power device, and transmits the vibration to the fruit soil separation device, thereby realizing vibration screening and backward conveying of materials and soil;
(2) The included angle between the fruit-soil separation device and the horizontal plane is 32 degrees, which is the repose angle of the polygonatum odoratum material, and the separation of Yu Yuzhu and clay is facilitated in the vibration process;
(3) The spiral soil crushing roller is used as a main component of an upper soil crushing roller group and a lower soil crushing roller group, and the spiral soil crushing roller realizes double-roller crushing through the action of the large gear set and the small gear set, so that a composite fruit soil separation method for effectively combining vibration soil crushing and double-roller crushing is realized;
(4) The fruit soil separation device with the upper and lower double-layer soil crushing roller sets is adopted, and the center distance of the upper soil crushing roller set is larger than that of the lower soil crushing roller set, so that the two effective separation of the polygonatum odoratum from the soil is realized;
(5) The upper guide rod and the lower guide rod are arranged in a left-right staggered way, and the separated polygonatum and the clay blocks fall into the field in a left-right staggered way respectively, so that the collection of the polygonatum is facilitated, and the overall production efficiency is improved;
(6) Is particularly beneficial to realizing the great improvement of the fruit soil separation effect under the condition of low material damage rate aiming at the south sticky soil.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a left side view of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a right side view of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a fruit soil lifting apparatus and a fruit soil separating apparatus.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the fruit soil lifting apparatus.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the fruit soil separating device.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the area configuration of the large and small gear sets.
Fig. 9 is a schematic view of a spiral soil-pulverizing roller.
Fig. 10 is a top view of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by the following detailed description of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the description is only illustrative and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as not to unnecessarily obscure the present invention; in addition, the technical features of the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other. The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Like elements are denoted by like reference numerals throughout the various figures. For purposes of clarity, the various parts of the drawings are not drawn to scale;
the following describes a composite crushed-soil type polygonatum odoratum harvester according to an embodiment of the invention with reference to fig. 1 to 10, which comprises a frame 1, a transmission device 5 and a suspension device 2 which are arranged on the frame 1, and a fruit body lifting device 3 and a fruit soil separating device 4 which are arranged in the middle of the frame 1; the fruit body lifting device 3 and the fruit soil separating device 4 are driven by the transmission device 5; the front end of the fruit body lifting device 3 is also provided with an excavating device 6;
the machine frame 1 is composed of two side plates 12, a top plate 11 and a bottom connecting plate 13, the hanging device 2 is arranged above the top plate 11, and the fruit body lifting device 3 and the fruit soil separating device 4 are arranged between the two side plates 12;
the suspension device 2 is a triangular bracket and comprises two bottom suspension points 21 protruding from the top plate 11 towards the front end and a vertex suspension point 22 arranged at the vertex of the triangular bracket;
the fruit body lifting device 3 comprises a driving roller 31, a driven roller 32 and a keel chain plate 33; the driving roller 31 is arranged between the frames 1 through a driving shaft 311, and the driven roller 32 is arranged between the frames 1 through a driven shaft 321; the chain wheel F516 is connected with the driving shaft 311, and the chain wheel F516 is arranged at the tail end of the driving shaft 311;
the fruit-soil separation device 4 is connected with the bottom connecting plate 13 of the frame 1 through a spring 45, and the inclined included angle between the fruit-soil separation device 4 and the horizontal plane is 32 degrees; natural vibration of the frame 1 in the traction running process of the external power device is utilized, and the vibration is transmitted to the fruit-soil separation device 32 to realize vibration screening and backward conveying of materials and soil; and the spiral soil-crushing roller 44 realizes double-roller type compression soil crushing under the gear meshing transmission effect; the fruit soil separating device 4 thus realizes the composite fruit soil separation of the vibration crushed soil and the twin-roll compression crushed soil.
The fruit soil separating device 4 comprises a left mounting plate 41 and a right mounting plate 41, and an arc-shaped upper guide rod 421 and a lower guide rod 422 which are oppositely arranged are arranged at the rear part of the mounting plate 41; two parallel upper soil-crushing roller groups 431 and lower soil-crushing roller groups 432 are also arranged between the mounting plates 41, each of the upper soil-crushing roller groups and the lower soil-crushing roller groups is composed of a spiral soil-crushing roller 44, wherein the upper soil-crushing roller groups 431 are left-handed soil-crushing rollers 441, and the lower soil-crushing roller groups 432 are right-handed soil-crushing rollers 442; the upper material guide rod 421 is arranged above the upper soil breaking roller group 431 and used for left blanking; the lower guide rod 422 is arranged between the upper soil crushing roller group 431 and the lower soil crushing roller group 432 and used for rightward blanking;
the transmission 5 further comprises a gearbox 54, a hydraulic pump 55 and a hydraulic motor 56 mounted on the top plate 11 of the frame 1; and a large gear set 57 and a small gear set 58 which are arranged outside the frame 1, wherein each gear in the large gear set 57 is arranged coaxially with the upper soil-crushing roller set 431, and each gear in the small gear set 58 is arranged coaxially with the lower soil-crushing roller set 432;
the gearbox 54 is connected to an external power device, typically a rear output shaft of a tractor, by a power input shaft 531; gearbox 54 is coupled to sprocket E515 via a power take-off shaft 532, sprocket E515 being fixedly disposed at a distal end of power take-off shaft 532;
sprocket E515 is connected with sprocket F516 through chain C523, sprocket F516 is connected with fruit soil lifting device 3;
a pump transmission gear 551 is also mounted on the power output shaft 532, the pump transmission gear 551 is in meshed connection with a pump fifth wheel 552, and the pump fifth wheel 552 is connected with a hydraulic pump 55;
the hydraulic pump 55 is connected to the hydraulic motor 56 via a hydraulic line 553, the hydraulic motor 56 is connected to a sprocket D514, the sprocket D514 is connected to a sprocket C513 via a tensioner 517 and a chain B522, the sprocket C513 is coaxially connected to an initial gear of the large gear set 57, gears of the large gear set 57 are meshed with each other, an end gear of the large gear set 57 is coaxially connected to a sprocket a511, the sprocket a511 is coaxially connected to a sprocket B522 via a chain a521, the sprocket B522 is coaxially connected to an end gear of the small gear set 58, and gears of the small gear set 58 are meshed with each other.
Further, the center-to-center distance between the left-hand soil-pulverizing rolls 441 of the upper soil-pulverizing roll set 431 is 60mm, and the center-to-center distance between the right-hand soil-pulverizing rolls 442 of the lower soil-pulverizing roll set 432 is 30mm. The center distance of the upper soil crushing roller set 431 is larger than that of the lower soil crushing roller set 432, the larger clay blocks are conveyed backwards from the upper soil crushing roller set 431, the radix polygonati officinalis and the smaller soil blocks are conveyed backwards from the lower soil crushing roller set 432, the upper guide rod 421 arranged on the fruit soil separating device 4 is used for blanking leftwards, the lower guide rod 422 is used for blanking rightwards, and the fact that the soil blocks and the radix polygonati officinalis fall off in a staggered manner can be achieved.
Further, the pitch of the spiral soil-pulverizing roller 44 is 30mm; namely, the pitches of the left-handed soil crushing roller 441 and the right-handed soil crushing roller 442 are 30mm.
Further, the excavating device 6 includes an excavating shovel 61 mounted at the front end of the frame 1; the rear part of the digging shovel 61 is provided with a conveying grid bar 8; the digging shovel 61 comprises at least three shovel blades 611 fixed at the front end of the digging plate 612, and the front end of the shovel blades 611 is provided with a sharp-tooth-shaped structure; the conveying grate bars 62 are arc-shaped and are disposed at the rear end of the digging plate 612.
A harvesting method of a composite broken-soil type polygonatum odoratum harvester comprises the following steps:
step 1, the suspension device 2 is arranged at the rear part of an external power device, and the external power device is connected with the power input shaft 531 to provide forward power;
step 2, after the power input shaft 531 passes through the gearbox 54, the power is transmitted by the power output shaft 532, and the power output shaft 532 transmits the power to the fruit soil lifting device 3 through chain transmission formed by the chain wheel E515, the chain C523 and the chain wheel F516; on the other hand, power take-off 532 is coupled to hydraulic pump 55 via pump drive gear 551, pump fifth wheel 552;
step 3, the hydraulic pump 55 drives the hydraulic motor 56 through the hydraulic pipeline 553, and the hydraulic motor 56 drives the big gear set 57 and the small gear set 58 to rotate through chain transmission formed by the chain wheel D514, the tensioning wheel 517, the chain B522 and the chain wheel C513;
step 4, when the polygonatum odoratum harvester works, under the action of the excavating device 6, the polygonatum odoratum wrapped with soil excavates out the fruit-soil mixture through the excavating shovel 61, and under the action of thrust in the advancing direction, the fruit-soil mixture falls to the fruit-soil lifting device 3 through the conveying grid bars 62 and is conveyed to the fruit-soil separating device 4 through the keel chain plate 33;
step 5, after the fruit-soil mixture enters the fruit-soil separation device 4, the fruit-soil mixture slides backwards under the action of the gravity of the polygonatum, the elasticity of the spring 45 and the vibration of the frame 1, the smaller-sized soil blocks and the polygonatum fall into the lower soil-crushing roller group 432 from the gap of the upper soil-crushing roller group 431, the larger-sized soil blocks continuously move backwards, and finally the soil blocks are conveyed to the left side along the upper material guide rod 421 to fall into the field;
step 6, the smaller crushed soil falls into the field through the gap of the lower crushed soil roller set 432, the separated polygonatum continuously moves backwards, and finally the falling field is conveyed to the right side along the lower guide rod 422;
step 7, the upper soil-crushing roller set 431 and the lower soil-crushing roller set 432 are both spiral soil-crushing rollers 44, the spiral soil-crushing rollers 44 in the same row are connected with corresponding gear sets, namely, the left-handed soil-crushing roller 441 is connected with each gear in the large gear set 57, and the right-handed soil-crushing roller 442 is connected with each gear in the small gear set 58;
the spiral soil crushing roller 44 is driven by the gear set to form a pair roller type compressed crushed clay, so that fruit and soil separation is further realized, and finally, the separated polygonatum and the clay blocks are respectively left and right misplaced and fall into the field.
It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Examples: a composite broken-soil type rhizoma Polygonati Odorati harvester is arranged at the rear part of a tractor through a hanging device 2. When the polygonatum odoratum harvester works, a rear power output shaft of the tractor is connected with a power input shaft 531 to provide power, the power input shaft 531 is transmitted by a power output shaft 532 after passing through a gearbox 54, and the power output shaft 532 transmits the power to a fruit soil lifting device 3 through chain transmission; on the other hand, the power output shaft 532 is connected to the hydraulic pump 55 through a gear connection, drives the hydraulic motor 56 through a hydraulic pipe 553, and drives the large gear set 57 and the small gear set 58 to rotate through a chain transmission by the hydraulic motor 56. The tractor drives the polygonatum odoratum harvester to advance, the fruit-soil mixture is excavated out under the action of the excavating shovel 61, and under the action of the forward pushing force, the fruit-soil mixture enters the fruit-soil lifting device 3 through the conveying grid bars 62 and is continuously conveyed by the fruit-soil lifting device 3 to fall to the fruit-soil separation device 4. After the fruit-soil mixture enters a fruit-soil separation device, 4, the fruit-soil mixture slides backwards under the action of gravity, elasticity and vibration, the soil blocks with smaller sizes and the polygonatum are dropped into a lower soil crushing roller group 432 through the gap of an upper soil crushing roller group 431, and the soil blocks with larger sizes continuously move backwards and finally are conveyed to the left side to drop into the field under the action of an upper material guide rod 421; smaller crushed soil falls into the field through the gaps of the lower crushed soil roller group 432, and the separated polygonatum is continuously moved backwards and finally conveyed to the right side to fall into the field. Meanwhile, the upper soil crushing roller group 431 and the lower soil crushing roller group 432 are both composed of spiral soil crushing rollers 44, the spiral soil crushing rollers 44 are connected with a large gear set 57 and a small gear set 58, and the spiral soil crushing rollers 44 are driven by the large gear set and the small gear set to form a method for crushing clay by roller-to-roller compression, so that the special composite fruit soil separation method for effectively combining vibration soil crushing and roller-to-roller crushing is realized; further realize fruit soil separation, the fragrant solomonseal rhizome and the glutinous soil piece after final separation are respectively left and right misplaced and drop in the field, are convenient for the collection of fragrant solomonseal rhizome, have improved whole production efficiency. Is particularly beneficial to realizing the great improvement of the fruit soil separation effect under the condition of low material damage rate aiming at the south sticky soil.
Claims (5)
1. A composite broken-soil type fragrant solomonseal rhizome harvester is characterized in that,
comprises a frame (1), a transmission device (5) and a suspension device (2) which are arranged on the frame (1), and a fruit soil lifting device (3) and a fruit soil separating device (4) which are arranged in the middle of the frame (1); the fruit soil lifting device (3) and the fruit soil separating device (4) are driven by the transmission device (5); the front end of the fruit soil lifting device (3) is also provided with an excavating device (6);
the frame (1) is composed of two side plates (12), a top plate (11) and a bottom connecting plate (13), the suspension device (2) is arranged above the top plate (11), and the fruit soil lifting device (3) and the fruit soil separating device (4) are arranged between the two side plates (12);
the suspension device (2) is a triangular bracket and comprises two bottom suspension points (21) protruding from the top plate (11) towards the front end and a vertex suspension point (22) arranged at the vertex of the triangular bracket;
the fruit soil lifting device (3) comprises a driving roller (31), a driven roller (32) and a keel chain plate (33); the driving roller (31) is arranged between the frames (1) through the driving shaft (311), and the driven roller (32) is arranged between the frames (1) through the driven shaft (321); the chain wheel F (516) is connected with the driving shaft (311), and the chain wheel F (516) is arranged at the tail end of the driving shaft (311);
the fruit-soil separation device (4) is connected with a bottom connecting plate (13) of the frame (1) through a spring (45), and the inclined included angle between the fruit-soil separation device (4) and the horizontal plane is 32 degrees;
the fruit soil separating device (4) comprises a left mounting plate (41) and a right mounting plate (41), wherein an arc-shaped upper guide rod (421) and a lower guide rod (422) which are oppositely arranged are arranged at the rear part of the mounting plate (41); two parallel upper soil-crushing roller groups (431) and lower soil-crushing roller groups (432) are also arranged between the mounting plates (41), each of the upper soil-crushing roller groups and the lower soil-crushing roller groups is composed of a spiral soil-crushing roller (44), wherein the upper soil-crushing roller groups (431) are left-handed soil-crushing rollers (441), and the lower soil-crushing roller groups (432) are right-handed soil-crushing rollers (442); the upper material guide rod (421) is arranged above the upper soil crushing roller group (431) and used for blanking leftwards; the lower material guide rod (422) is arranged between the upper soil crushing roller set (431) and the lower soil crushing roller set (432) and used for rightward blanking;
the transmission device (5) further comprises a gearbox (54), a hydraulic pump (55) and a hydraulic motor (56) which are arranged on the top plate (11) of the frame (1); the large gear set (57) and the small gear set (58) are arranged on the outer side of the frame (1), gears in the large gear set (57) are coaxially arranged with the upper soil breaking roller set (431), and gears in the small gear set (58) are coaxially arranged with the lower soil breaking roller set (432);
the gearbox (54) is connected with an external power device through a power input shaft (531), the gearbox (54) is connected with a chain wheel E (515) through a power output shaft (532), and the chain wheel E (515) is fixedly arranged at the tail end of the power output shaft (532);
the chain wheel E (515) is connected with the chain wheel F (516) through a chain C (523), and the chain wheel F (516) is connected with the fruit soil lifting device (3);
a pump transmission gear (551) is further arranged on the power output shaft (532), the pump transmission gear (551) is in meshed connection with a pump connecting wheel (552), and the pump connecting wheel (552) is connected with the hydraulic pump (55);
the hydraulic pump (55) is connected with the hydraulic motor (56) through a hydraulic pipeline (553), the hydraulic motor (56) is connected with the chain wheel D (514), the chain wheel D (514) is connected with the chain wheel C (513) through a tensioning wheel (517) and a chain B (522), the chain wheel C (513) is coaxially connected with an initial gear in the big gear set (57), all gears in the big gear set (57) are meshed with each other, an end gear in the big gear set (57) is coaxially connected with the chain wheel A (511), the chain wheel A (511) is connected with the chain wheel B (522) through the chain A (521), the chain wheel B (522) is coaxially connected with an end gear in the small gear set (58), and all gears in the small gear set (58) are meshed with each other.
2. The composite crushed-soil type polygonatum odoratum harvester according to claim 1, wherein,
the center-to-center spacing between the left-hand soil-crushing rollers (441) of the upper soil-crushing roller set (431) is 60mm, and the center-to-center spacing between the right-hand soil-crushing rollers (442) of the lower soil-crushing roller set (432) is 30mm.
3. The composite crushed-soil type polygonatum odoratum harvester according to claim 2, wherein,
the pitch of the spiral soil crushing roller (44) is 30mm; namely, the pitches of the left-handed soil crushing roller (441) and the right-handed soil crushing roller (442) are 30mm.
4. The composite crushed-soil type polygonatum odoratum harvester according to claim 1, wherein,
the excavating device (6) comprises an excavating shovel (61) arranged at the front end of the frame (1); the rear part of the digging shovel (61) is provided with a conveying grid (62); the digging shovel (61) comprises at least three shovel blades (611) fixed at the front end of the digging plate (612), and the front end of each shovel blade (611) is provided with a sharp-tooth structure; the conveying grid bars (62) are arc-shaped and are arranged at the rear end of the digging plate (612).
5. A harvesting method, referring to the composite crushed-soil type polygonatum odoratum harvester of claim 4, characterized by further comprising the following harvesting steps:
step 1, the suspension device (2) is arranged at the rear part of an external power device, and the external power device is connected with a power input shaft (531) to provide forward power;
step 2, after the power input shaft (531) passes through the gearbox (54), the power is transmitted by the power output shaft (532), and the power output shaft (532) transmits the power to the fruit soil lifting device (3) through chain transmission formed by the chain wheel E (515), the chain C (523) and the chain wheel F (516); on the other hand, the power output shaft (532) is connected with the hydraulic pump (55) through the pump transmission gear (551) and the pump connecting wheel (552);
step 3, a hydraulic pump (55) drives a hydraulic motor (56) through a hydraulic pipeline (553), and the hydraulic motor (56) drives a big gear set (57) and a small gear set (58) to rotate through chain transmission formed by a chain wheel D (514), a tensioning wheel (517), a chain B (522) and a chain wheel C (513);
step 4, when the polygonatum harvester works, the polygonatum wrapped with the soil excavates the fruit-soil mixture through an excavating shovel (61) under the action of an excavating device (6), and the fruit-soil mixture falls to a fruit-soil lifting device (3) through a conveying grid (62) under the action of thrust in the advancing direction and is conveyed to a fruit-soil separating device (4) through a keel chain plate (33);
step 5, after the fruit-soil mixture enters the fruit-soil separation device (4), the fruit-soil mixture slides backwards under the action of gravity of the polygonatum, elasticity of a spring (45) and vibration of a frame (1), small-size soil blocks and the polygonatum fall into a lower soil crushing roller set (432) from a gap of an upper soil crushing roller set (431), large-size soil blocks continuously move backwards, and finally fall into the field along an upper guide rod (421);
step 6, enabling smaller crushed soil to fall into the field through gaps of the lower crushed soil roller set (432), enabling the separated polygonatum to continuously move backwards, and finally conveying the polygonatum to the right side along the lower guide rod (422) to fall into the field;
step 7, the upper soil crushing roller set (431) and the lower soil crushing roller set (432) are both spiral soil crushing rollers (44), the spiral soil crushing rollers (44) in the same row are connected with corresponding gear sets, namely, a left-hand soil crushing roller (441) is connected with each gear in the large gear set (57), and a right-hand soil crushing roller (442) is connected with each gear in the small gear set (58);
the spiral soil crushing roller (44) is driven by the gear set to form roller-to-roller compression crushing clay, and finally the separated polygonatum and clay blocks are respectively left and right misplaced and fall into the field.
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