CN114990240A - 用于检测妇科疾病外源病原体的多重qPCR检测试剂 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于检测妇科疾病外源病原体的多重qPCR检测试剂,其包括检测沙眼衣原体、淋病奈瑟菌、弓形虫、解脲脲原体、结核分枝杆菌、阴道毛滴虫、巨细胞病毒、单纯疱疹病毒2型的特异性引物和探针;本发明利用不同荧光标记的探针在一个反应体系中加入多种病原体的特异性引物和探针同时检测多个靶标,该方法具有特异性好、灵敏度高、检测周期短,可同时检测多种病原体,更加迅速、简便、经济的优点,为妇科病原体的快速检测提供了便捷方法,对流行病学研究及临床早期分子诊断等具有重要意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术领域,涉及检测引起妇科疾病的外源性致病菌的多重qPCR方法的建立与应用,利用多重qPCR检测8种引起妇科疾病的外源性致病菌。
背景技术
妇科疾病是女性生殖系统病变的总称,多数女性一生中存在不同程度或不同种类的妇科疾病,常见的妇科感染疾病有阴道炎、宫颈炎、子宫内膜炎、输卵管炎、卵巢炎和卵巢脓肿、盆腔炎、生殖器结核、炎性盆腔包块与盆腔疼痛、以及性传播疾病 (sexuallytransmitted disease, STD)。 目前,列入重点防治的性病是梅毒、淋病、非淋菌性尿道炎、尖锐湿疣、生殖器疱疹、软下疳、性病淋巴肉芽肿和艾滋病等。
引起这些妇科疾病的外源性致病菌主要包括8种,分别是沙眼衣原体(CT )、淋病奈瑟菌(NG)、弓形虫(TG)、解脲脲原体(Uu)、结核分枝杆菌(MTB)、阴道毛滴虫(TV)、巨细胞病毒(CMV)和单纯疱疹病毒2型(HSV-2)。沙眼衣原体在生殖道慢性感染时,潜伏在细胞内的病原体可逃避机体的免疫防御机制,而长时间存在,可由官颈上行到子宫和输卵管,引起无症状的上生殖道感染,导致异位妊娠和原发性不育。淋病奈瑟菌被认为是一种人类专性病原体,可以在女性的子宫颈、子宫和输卵管等粘膜以及男性尿道中生长和繁殖,这种细菌会导致淋病,这是一种传染性极强的几乎完全是性传播感染的疾病。弓形虫和巨细胞病毒在怀孕期间传播,可导致宫肉感染和胎儿先天性异常,弓形虫是一种寄生虫,可引起胎儿脑积水、颅内钙化和脉络膜视网膜炎,如果它在怀孕期间从母亲传给胎儿,则称为先天性弓形虫病。解脲脲原体可能定植于人类生殖道,并与不良妊娠结局相关,新生儿可能会出现脲原体相关的肺部疾病、菌血症和脑膜炎。女性生殖器官的结核感染可导致不孕,性交困难、月经不调和慢性盆腔炎(PID),泌尿生殖系统结核病是世界范国内常见的肺外结核病(EPTB)(27%),仅生殖器结核病就占所有EPTB病例的9%。阴道毛滴虫感染可引起滴虫性阴道炎,滴虫性阴道炎是全世界最流行的非病毒性性传播疾病,是一种普遍存在的全球健康问题,并且发病率越来越高,阴道毛滴虫感染在育龄妇女中普遍存在,感染可能导致泌尿生殖道慢性炎症,甚至可能导致不孕。巨细胞病毒是疱疹病毒科中最大的病毒之一,母亲怀孕期间感染可能会导致胎儿出现智力低下、脉络膜视网膜炎和胎儿脑钙化等后遗症。HSV2的原发感染主要引起生殖器疱疼,女性为宫颈、外阴、阴道的水泡性溃疡损伤,并发症包括生殖器外损伤和无菌性脑膜炎,新生儿疱疹是临床上常见交叉严重的感染,HSV2在分娩时通过产道感染新生儿。
临床上常用检测方法包括免疫学方法、涂片镜检法以及分离培养法,具有检出率低、特异性差、耗时长的缺点。常规的qPCR,在一个反应管中仅检测单一指标,如果检测的指标很多或者检测的样本很多,对qPCR试剂以及样本无疑是一种巨大的浪费,在多重qPCR中,单个管扩增检测多个靶标;因此,可以快速测量几个靶标或目的基因的表达水平这种多个指标在单个反应管中同时完成检测的方法极大地减少了相关试剂的用量,即使拥有足够的qPCR酶,多重qPCR也会节省样本处理时间及其他试剂耗材。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种用于检测妇科疾病外源病原体的多重qPCR检测试剂,其包括检测沙眼衣原体(CT)、淋病奈瑟菌(NG)、弓形虫(TG)、解脲脲原体(Uu)、结核分枝杆菌(MTB)、阴道毛滴虫(TV)、巨细胞病毒(CMV)和单纯疱疹病毒2型(HSV-2)的特异性引物和探针,本发明检测试剂中还包括用于多重qPCR的其他常规试剂,本发明对建立的方法进行特异性、灵敏度、重复性和准确性评价,发现多重qPCR方法具有检测灵敏度高、特异性强、重复性良好,对仪器设备要求不高、操作简便、所需时间短等优点,因此具有较大的应用价值,为妇科病原体的快速检测提供了便捷方法,对流行病学研究及临床早期分子诊断等具有重要意义。
所述特异性引物为针对巨细胞病毒的SEQ ID NO:1和SEQ ID NO:2、针对阴道毛滴虫的SEQ ID NO:4和SEQ ID NO:5、针对结核分枝杆菌的SEQ ID NO:7和SEQ ID NO:8、针对单纯疱疹病毒2型的SEQ ID NO:10和SEQ ID NO:11、针对弓形虫的SEQ ID NO:13和SEQ IDNO:14、针对淋病奈瑟菌的SEQ ID NO:16和SEQ ID NO:17、针对沙眼衣原体的SEQ ID NO:19和SEQ ID NO:20、针对解脲脲原体的SEQ ID NO:22和SEQ ID NO:23;
所述探针为针对巨细胞病毒的SEQ ID NO:3、针对阴道毛滴虫的SEQ ID NO:6、针对结核分枝杆菌的SEQ ID NO:9、针对单纯疱疹病毒2型的SEQ ID NO:12、针对弓形虫的SEQID NO:15、针对淋病奈瑟菌的SEQ ID NO:18、针对沙眼衣原体的SEQ ID NO:21、针对解脲脲原体的SEQ ID NO:24。
本发明采用以下技术方案实现本发明目的:
1、样品核酸(DNA)提取,样品为阴道拭子;
2、以步骤(1)核酸为模板,采用靶向8种病原体的特异性引物和探针,经过多重实时荧光定量PCR进行检测,以GAPDH基因为内参,根据Ct值进行结果判定;
在检测中检测巨细胞病毒、阴道毛滴虫、结核分枝杆菌与单纯疱疹病毒2型的特异性引物和探针同时使用,检测弓形虫、淋病奈瑟菌、沙眼衣原体、解脲脲原体特异性引物和探针同时使用;以GAPDH基因为内参。
检测8种病原体及内参基因的特异性引物和探针的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1-SEQ ID NO:24所示;GAPDH内参基因序列如25-27所示。
采用本发明多重荧光定量PCR检测试剂检测病原体的扩增反应体系如下:2×ProTaq HS Probe Premix 20μL、4种病原体上下游引物和探针各1μL、DNA模板5μL、ddH2O补足至40μL;反应程序为:95℃预变性30s;95℃变性3s,58℃退火并延伸30s,40个循环,在每个循环的退火延伸阶段收集荧光信号。
3、检测阳性结果判读包括:(1)内参(GAPDH基因)Ct值≤36,阴性对照组、无模板对照组无Ct值;如不符合须再次进行多重实时荧光定量PCR检测,或重新提取核酸进行多重实时荧光定量PCR检测;(2)病原体Ct值≤36.0,若Ct值>36.0,需要针对该病原体进行单重实时荧光定量PCR验证;(3)扩增曲线呈标准“S”型且无异常波动。
本发明与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点和技术效果:
1、本发明提供的用于检测8种妇科疾病病原体的引物、探针组合,检测效率高,检测结果准确,可以低成本快速完成病原体诊断,对mqPCR方法进行特异性评价发现每组病原体与其他组外病原体之间均无交叉反应,各组病原体的特异性良好;灵敏度评价发现除巨细胞病毒、弓形虫和沙眼衣原体的灵敏度均达到100copies/μL量级外其他灵敏度均达到10copies/μL量级,灵敏度很高;对该方法进行重复性评价发现各组病原体在批间和批内的变异系数(CV)均小于5,重复性良好;通过检测13例阴道拭子样本进行mqPCR准确性评价,结果发现mqPCR方法准确性良好;
2、本发明是在实时荧光定量PCR技术平台的基础上,对病原体特异性靶标基因进行定性检测,一次可检测多个样本,具有快速、特异、经济等特点,极大的降低了每个样品的检测成本。
附图说明
图1为CMV的单重qPCR特异性试验结果;
图2为TV的单重qPCR特异性试验结果;
图3为MTB的单重qPCR特异性试验结果;
图4为HSV-2的单重qPCR特异性试验结果;
图5为TG的单重qPCR特异性试验结果;
图6为NG的单重qPCR特异性试验结果;
图7为CT的单重qPCR特异性试验结果;
图8为Uu的单重qPCR特异性试验结果;
图9为内参GADPH基因的单重qPCR特异性试验结果;
图10为CMV、TV、MTB 、HSV-2和GAPDH的多重qPCR特异性试验结果;
图11为TG、NG、CT、Uu和GAPDH的多重qPCR特异性试验结果;
图12为CMV、TV、MTB和HSV-2的多重qPCR灵敏性试验结果;
图13为TG、NG、CT和Uu的多重qPCR灵敏性试验结果;
图14为内参GADPH基因的多重qPCR灵敏性试验结果。
具体实施方式
为进一步阐述本发明所采取的技术手段及其效果,以下通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案,但本发明并非局限在实施例范围内。
以下实施例中采用的材料不限于上述列举,可用其他同类材料替代,仪器未注明具体条件的,按照常规条件,或按照制造厂商所建议的条件,本领域技术人员应当掌握使用常规材料及仪器的相关知识。
实施例1:引物和探针的设计
1、在NCBI(National Center for Biotechnology Information,美国国家生物技术信息中心)网站中下载病原体基因参考序列如下:巨细胞病毒immediate earlytranscriptional regulator (UL123) 编码基因,阴道毛滴虫internal transcribedspacer 2编码基因,结核分枝杆菌RopB编码基因,单纯疱疹病毒2型helicase-primasehelicase subunit编码基因,弓形虫重复序列TgMc132a编码基因,淋病奈瑟菌PorA编码基因,沙眼衣原体plasmid编码基因,解脲脲原体urease subunit A (ureA)编码基因各20条;使用Mega 7软件对核苷酸序列进行对齐,使用Primer Select软件设计引物与探针,并需要满足以下条件:
(1)Tm值:一般探针Tm值较引物Tm高8-10℃,其中探针Tm值一般为60℃以上;
(2)GC含量:一般不低于40%;
(3)不产生引物二聚体,发夹结构软件评估结果为OK;
(4)扩增片段大小一般小于200bp;
2、引物与探针BLAST评估:初步设计完成的引物探针核苷酸序列,再次使用NCBI网站中的BLAST检索功能,进行比对,选择特异性高的引物、探针序列;
靶向8种中枢神经系统感染性疾病病原体及内参GAPDH基因的特异性引物和探针的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1 -SEQ ID NO.27所示,见下表;
4、质粒的构建
将8种病原体的特异性序列、内参基因GAPDH的序列与pUC57载体连接,合成质粒标准品,CMV单独合成一个质粒,TV和MTB、 HSV-2和GADPH、TG和NG、CT和Uu每两个合成到一个质粒上,质粒构建由中美泰和生物技术北京有限公司完成;通过紫外分光光度计进行浓度测定,根据各个质粒长度和浓度计算出质粒的拷贝数;各病原体和内参基因的特异性序列如SEQ ID NO:28 -SEQ ID NO:36所示;
将这些质粒按照10倍稀释法梯度稀释,共设置七个梯度分别为107、106、105、104、103、102、10copies/μL量级。
实施例2:qPCR扩增及特异性、灵敏度、重复性试验
1、单重荧光定量PCR
将浓度为103 copies/μL的质粒标准品分别取10μL混合为模板,使用艾科瑞生物公司Pro Taq HS预混型探针法qPCR试剂盒进行单重荧光定量PCR检测,分别用每种病原体的特异性引物和探针检测8种病原体的混合质粒模板,检测结果如图1-9所示;从结果能够看出8种病原体及内参基因均有扩增曲线。
2、多重qPCR特异性试验
由于多重荧光定量PCR需要在一个体系中检测4种病原体及1种内参基因,所以多重荧光定量PCR反应体系为40μL,其中4种病原体及1种内参基因的引物探针均加入1μL,模板为4μL:
扩增反应程序为:95℃预变性30s;95℃变性3s,58℃退火并延伸30s,40个循环,在每个循环的退火延伸阶段收集荧光信号。
将浓度为103 copies/μL量级的质粒标准品分别取10μL混合为模板,使用艾科瑞生物公司Pro Taq HS预混型探针法qPCR试剂盒进行多重荧光定量PCR检测,分别用每组4种病原体的引物和探针检测8种病原体的混合质粒模板,结果如图10-11;从以上结果可以看出各组病原体之间均无交叉反应,说明多重荧光定量PCR特异性良好。
3、多重qPCR灵敏性试验
用MqPCR的方法对梯度107、106、105、104、103、102、10 copies/μL的质粒模板进行检测,确定MqPCR检测方法能检测到的最低质粒浓度,结果如图12-14所示,从图12中可以看出CMV、TV、MTB和HSV-2,其灵敏度的检测下限分别为:1.72×102、1.72×10、1.72×10、3.51×10copies/μL;从图13中可以看出TG、NG、CT和Uu,其灵敏度的检测下限分别为:3.15×102、3.15×10、3.84×102、3.84×10copies/μL;从图14中可以看出GADPH基因的多重qPCR灵敏性试验结果,发现内参GADPH基因的检测限达到10copies/μL量级。
4、多重qPCR重复性试验
为了验证MqPCR检测方法的重复性,用103copies/μL量级质粒作为模板进行实验,分别进行组内和组间重复性实验;以每组病原体的特异性引物和探针对质粒模板进行检测,同一时间重复进行三次,观察记录其Ct值,每周一进行重复性检测,连续进行三周,观察记录其Ct值,重复性结果下表:
实施例3:阴道拭子的检测
1、样本的采集
采样时用拭子将宫颈口过多的分泌物擦去,然后将一次性采样拭子伸入宫颈口处,轻轻转动拭子试用期顺时针旋转3~5圈,慢慢抽出一次性采样拭子,将其放入装有细胞保存液的采样管中,在管口处将多余的拭子尾部折断,将拭子头留在采样管中,将植绒的尖端充分浸入小瓶中,并紧紧地拧紧瓶盖,在标签上记录病人的姓名和身份证号码,将采样管运输到实验室,在运输过程中储存在大约4℃,然后保存在-80℃直至分析。
2、基因组DNA提取
基因组DNA提取,样品为阴道拭子;将阴道拭子放入2mL装有生理盐水的离心管中,充分震荡,使用病毒基因组DNA/RNA提取试剂盒提取核酸,具体步骤如下:
(1)用移液器将20μL Proteinase K加入到一个干净的1.5mL离心管中;
(2)向离心管中加入200μL样品样本;
(3)加入200μL Carrier RNA工作液(为缓冲液GB与Carrier RNA溶液的混合液,配制方法按照公式计算:n×0.22 mL =ymL;ymL×28 μL/mL=zμL;其中n=同时提取的样品个数,y=需要加入缓冲液GB的体积,z=需要加入Carrier RNA溶液的体积),盖上管盖,涡旋振荡15s混匀,使样品和Carrier RNA工作液需要彻底混匀,保证其裂解充分;
(4)在56℃孵育15min,简短离心以收集附着在管壁及管盖的液体;
(5)加入250μL无水乙醇,此时可能会出现絮状沉淀,盖上管盖并涡旋振荡15s,彻底混匀,在室温(15-25℃)放置5min;
(6)简短离心以收集附着在管壁及管盖的液体;
(7)仔细将离心管中的溶液和絮状沉淀全部转移至RNase-Free吸附柱CR2(吸附柱放在收集管中),盖上管盖,8000rpm离心1min,弃废液,将吸附柱放回收集管中;
(8)小心打开吸附柱盖子,加入500μL缓冲液GD(使用前请先检查是否已加入无水乙醇),盖上管盖,8000rpm离心1min,弃废液,将吸附柱放回收集管,
(9)小心打开吸附柱盖子,加入600μL漂洗液PW(使用前请先检查是否已加入无水乙醇),盖上管盖,静置2min,8000 rpm离心1min,弃废液,将吸附柱放回收集管;
(10)重复步骤9;
(11)小心打开吸附柱盖子,加入500μL无水乙醇,盖上管盖,8000 rpm离心1min,弃废液;
(12)将吸附柱放回收集管中,12000 rpm离心3min,使吸附膜完全变干,弃废液;
(13)将吸附柱放入一个RNase-Free离心管(1.5mL)中,小心打开吸附柱的盖子,室温放置3 min,使吸附膜完全变干,向吸附膜的中间部位悬空滴加50μL RNase-FreeddH2O,盖上盖子,室温放置5 min,12000rpm离心1min;
(14)核酸收集于离心管,标记好信息,放于-80℃保存。
3、从医院收集13例阳性阴道拭子样本,在核酸提取后进行一代测序检测(sanger测序),测序结果进行NCBI Blast比对,确定病原体种类,同时用本发明mqPCR的方法检测这13例样本,记录检测结果,结果如下:
由上表可知,通过本发明设计的妇科疾病主要的8种外源病原体的多重qPCR检测的引物、探针组,较一代测序的检测方法更加的快速与便捷。
申请人声明,本发明通过上述实施例来说明本发明的详细方法,但本发明并不局限于上述详细方法,即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述详细方法才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了,对本发明的任何改进,对本发明产品各原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等,均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。
序列表
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<120> 用于检测妇科疾病外源病原体的多重qPCR检测试剂
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agatatcctc tttatcatca gcaccaccat ccacacggcg gcgttcgttt gtctggtcgc 60
cttggcagca caa 73
<210> 32
<211> 81
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial)
<400> 32
agagacaccg gaatgcgatc tagacgagac gacgctttcc tcgtggtgat ggcggagaga 60
attgaagagt ggagaagagg g 81
<210> 33
<211> 89
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial)
<400> 33
cagcattcaa tttgttccga gtcaaaacag caagtccgcc tatacgcctg ctactttcac 60
gctggaaagt aatcagatga aaccagttc 89
<210> 34
<211> 150
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial)
<400> 34
aaccaaggtc gatgtgatag ggaaagtatg tggaatgtcg aactcatcgg cgataagggt 60
gttggatcaa tttcttcctt catctagaaa caaagacgtt agagaaacga tagataagtc 120
tgattcagag aagaatcgcc aattatctga 150
<210> 35
<211> 102
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial)
<400> 35
tatgtcagga tcatcaaatc aattcactcc aggtaaatta gtaccaggag caattaactt 60
cgctgaaggc gaaaatgtga tgaacgaagg tagagaagca aa 102
<210> 36
<211> 226
<212> DNA
<213> 人工序列(Artificial)
<400> 36
gaaggtgaag gtcggagtca acagatttgg tcgtattggg cgcctggtta ccagggctgc 60
ttttaactct ggtaaagtgg atattgtcgc catcaatgat cccttcattg acctcaacta 120
catggtctac atgttccggt atgattccac ccatggcaaa ttccatggca ctgtcaaggc 180
tgagaacgag aagcttgtca acaatggaaa tcccatcacc atcttc 226
Claims (2)
1.一种用于检测妇科疾病外源病原体的多重qPCR检测试剂,其特征在于:包括检测沙眼衣原体、淋病奈瑟菌、弓形虫、解脲脲原体、结核分枝杆菌、阴道毛滴虫、巨细胞病毒、单纯疱疹病毒2型的特异性引物和探针;
所述特异性引物为针对巨细胞病毒的SEQ ID NO:1和SEQ ID NO:2、针对阴道毛滴虫的SEQ ID NO:4和SEQ ID NO:5、针对结核分枝杆菌的SEQ ID NO:7和SEQ ID NO:8、针对单纯疱疹病毒2型的SEQ ID NO:10和SEQ ID NO:11、针对弓形虫的SEQ ID NO:13和SEQ ID NO:14、针对淋病奈瑟菌的SEQ ID NO:16和SEQ ID NO:17、针对沙眼衣原体的SEQ ID NO:19和SEQ ID NO:20、针对解脲脲原体的SEQ ID NO:22和SEQ ID NO:23;
所述探针为针对巨细胞病毒的SEQ ID NO:3、针对阴道毛滴虫的SEQ ID NO:6、针对结核分枝杆菌的SEQ ID NO:9、针对单纯疱疹病毒2型的SEQ ID NO:12、针对弓形虫的SEQ IDNO:15、针对淋病奈瑟菌的SEQ ID NO:18、针对沙眼衣原体的SEQ ID NO:21、针对解脲脲原体的SEQ ID NO:24。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于检测妇科疾病外源病原体的多重qPCR检测试剂,其特征在于:检测巨细胞病毒、阴道毛滴虫、结核分枝杆菌与单纯疱疹病毒2型的特异性引物和探针在检测中共同使用;检测弓形虫、淋病奈瑟菌、沙眼衣原体、解脲脲原体特异性引物和探针在检测中共同使用。
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