CN114975614A - 高电子迁移率晶体管及其制作方法 - Google Patents
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- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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Abstract
本发明公开一种高电子迁移率晶体管及其制作方法,其中该高电子迁移率晶体管包含一氮化镓层,一氮化铝镓层设置于氮化镓层上,一栅极设置于氮化铝镓层上,栅极包含一P型氮化镓层和一萧基接触层,其中P型氮化镓层接触萧基接触层,并且P型氮化镓层的上表面完全重叠萧基接触层的下表面,一保护层覆盖氮化铝镓层和栅极,一源极电极设置于栅极的一侧、穿透保护层并且接触氮化铝镓层,一漏极电极设置于栅极的另一侧、穿透保护层并且接触氮化铝镓层以及一栅极电极设置于栅极的正上方、穿透保护层并且接触萧基接触层。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在P型氮化镓层上设置萧基接触(schottky contact)层的高电子迁移率晶体管及其制作方法。
背景技术
III-V族半导体化合物由于其半导体特性而可应用于形成许多种类的集成电路装置,例如高功率场效晶体管、高频晶体管或高电子迁移率晶体管(high electron mobilitytransistor,HEMT)。在高电子迁移率晶体管中,两种不同能带隙(band-gap)的半导体材料是结合而于结(junction)形成异质结(heterojunction)而为载流子提供通道。近年来,氮化镓系列的材料由于拥有较宽能隙与饱和速率高的特点而适合应用于高功率与高频率产品。氮化镓系列的高电子迁移率晶体管由材料本身的压电效应产生二维电子气(two-dimensional electron gas,2DEG),相较于传统晶体管,高电子迁移率晶体管的电子速度及密度均较高,故可用以增加切换速度。
然而在制作栅极电极时,需要对设置在P型氮化镓上的保护层进行蚀刻,以形成栅极电极接触孔,由于蚀刻时使用P型氮化镓为停止层,因此会降低P型氮化镓中的镁掺质的活性,造成P型氮化镓效能降低,并且因为栅极电极接触孔需预留对准误差余裕(window),因此后续形成的在栅极电极和P型氮化镓之间的萧基接触面积较小,造成栅极电极和P型氮化镓之间的阻值无法降低到预期值。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提出一种高电子迁移率晶体管及其制作方法以解决上述问题。
根据本发明的一优选实施例,一种高电子迁移率晶体管包含一氮化镓层,一氮化铝镓层设置于氮化镓层上,一栅极设置于氮化铝镓层上,栅极包含一P型氮化镓层和一萧基接触层,其中P型氮化镓层接触萧基接触层,并且P型氮化镓层的上表面完全重叠萧基接触层的下表面,一保护层覆盖氮化铝镓层和栅极,一源极电极设置于栅极的一侧、穿透保护层并且接触氮化铝镓层,一漏极电极设置于栅极的另一侧、穿透保护层并且接触氮化铝镓层以及一栅极电极设置于栅极的正上方、穿透保护层并且接触萧基接触层。
根据本发明的一优选实施例,一种高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法包含依序形成一氮化镓层、一氮化铝镓层、一P型氮化镓层和一萧基接触层,其中萧基接触层接触P型氮化镓层,接着进行一蚀刻制作工艺以氮化铝镓层为停止层,蚀刻萧基接触层和P型氮化镓层以形成一栅极,其中P型氮化镓层接触萧基接触层,并且P型氮化镓层的上表面完全重叠萧基接触层的下表面,然后形成一保护层覆盖栅极和氮化铝镓层,接着蚀刻保护层以在保护层中形成二个第一接触孔位于栅极二侧,之后形成一源极电极和一漏极电极分别位于各个第一接触孔中,在形成源极电极和漏极电极之后,蚀刻保护层以在保护层中形成一个第二接触孔位于栅极正上方,最后形成一栅极电极位于第二接触孔中并且接触萧基接触层。
为让本发明的上述目的、特征及优点能更明显易懂,下文特举优选实施方式,并配合所附的附图,作详细说明如下。然而如下的优选实施方式与附图仅供参考与说明用,并非用来对本发明加以限制者。
附图说明
图1至图7为本发明的一优选实施例所绘示的高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法的示意图;
图8为本发明的一示范例所绘示的高电子迁移率晶体管的示意图。
主要元件符号说明
10:基底
12:缓冲层堆叠层
14:氮化镓层
16:氮化铝镓层
18:P型氮化镓层
20:萧基接触层
22:图案化掩模
24:栅极
24a:栅极
26:蚀刻制作工艺
28:保护层
30:图案化掩模
32:第一接触孔
34:源极电极
36:漏极电极
38:图案化掩模
40:第二接触孔
42:栅极电极
44:二维电子气
100:高电子迁移率晶体管
200:高电子迁移率晶体管
W1:第一宽度
W2:第二宽度
具体实施方式
图1至图7为根据本发明的一优选实施例所绘示的高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法。
如图1所示,首先提供一基底10,基底10包含蓝宝石基底、SiC基底或硅基底。根据本发明的优选实施例,基底10为具有(1,1,1)晶面的硅基底。然后在基底10上形成一缓冲层堆叠层12,缓冲层堆叠层12包含氮化铝、氮化镓、氮化铝镓或是其它III-V族化合物层,缓冲层堆叠层12较佳包含多层材料层。之后在缓冲层堆叠层12上依序形成一氮化镓层14、一氮化铝镓层16、一P型氮化镓层18和一萧基接触层20,萧基接触层20接触P型氮化镓层18。萧基接触层20包含功函数小于P型氮化镓层18的金属、功函数小于P型氮化镓层18的金属化合物或功函数小于P型氮化镓层18的合金。此外,萧基接触层20的功函数小于较佳小于6.1电子伏特(eV),举例而言,萧基接触层20可以包含TiN、TiW、TaN、Al、Ti、Mo、Au、W、Ni、Pd、Ta、Re、Ru、Pt或Co。
如图2所示,形成一图案化掩模22覆盖萧基接触层20定义出栅极24的位置,之后进行一蚀刻制作工艺26以氮化铝镓层16为停止层并且以图案化掩模22为掩模蚀刻萧基接触层20和P型氮化镓层18以形成一栅极24,由于萧基接触层20和P型氮化镓层18使用同一个图案化掩模22进行蚀刻,所以由朝向基底10上表面的方向观之,萧基接触层20完全重叠P型氮化镓层18,也就是说P型氮化镓层18的上表面完全重叠萧基接触层20的下表面。
此外,在蚀刻制作工艺26中先利用一第一蚀刻剂蚀刻萧基接触层20,再用一第二蚀刻剂蚀刻P型氮化镓层18,也就是说萧基接触层20和P型氮化镓层18使用不同的蚀刻剂。蚀刻制作工艺26可以包含干蚀刻、湿蚀刻或是干蚀刻和湿蚀刻轮流进行,也就是说萧基接触层20可以使用干蚀刻或湿蚀刻进行图案化,P型氮化镓层18也可以使用干蚀刻或湿蚀刻进行图案化,只要使用适当的蚀刻剂即可。第一蚀刻剂包含含氟气体、含氯气体、BCl3/Cl2气体、CHF3气体或HCl/H2O2/H2O溶液,第二蚀刻剂包含KOH/乙二醇溶液、HCl/H2O溶液、含氟气体、含氯气体、BCl3/SF6气体、Cl2/Ar/O2气体、Cl2/N2气体、N2/Cl2/O2气体或Cl2/Ar气体。举例而言,在蚀刻制作工艺26时,先以干蚀刻通入BCl3/Cl2气体作为蚀刻剂,蚀刻萧基接触层20,在萧基接触层20蚀刻完后转换蚀刻剂为Cl2/N2气体接续蚀刻P型氮化镓层18。
如图3所示,移除图案化掩模22,然后形成一保护层28顺应地覆盖栅极24和氮化铝镓层16,详细来说保护层28完全覆盖并接触构成栅极24的萧基接触层20和P型氮化镓层18。如图4所示,形成一图案化掩模30覆盖保护层28,图案化掩模30上具有开口定义出源极电极和漏极电极的位置,之后以图案化掩模30为掩模蚀刻保护层28、氮化铝镓层16和氮化镓层14,以在保护层28、氮化铝镓层16和氮化镓层14中形成二个第一接触孔32位于栅极24的两侧。
如图5所示,移除图案化掩模30后,形成一金属层填入第一接触孔32和覆盖保护层28,然后进行一蚀刻制作工艺蚀刻金属层以形成一源极电极34和一漏极电极36分别位于各个第一接触孔32,之后进行加热制作工艺以增加源极电极34、氮化铝镓层16以及氮化镓层14之间欧姆接触的效能,并且增加漏极电极36、氮化铝镓层16以及氮化镓层14之间的欧姆接触的效能。此外金属层可以包含多层的导电层,例如TiN、Cu、Al和Ti由下至上依序堆叠的导电层。金属层可以使用含氯气体进行蚀刻。
如图6所示,形成一图案化掩模38覆盖保护层28、源极电极34和漏极电极36,图案化掩模38上具有开口定义出栅极电极的位置,之后以图案化掩模38为掩模蚀刻保护层28以在保护层28中形成一第二接触孔40位于栅极24正上方,并且由第二接触孔40曝露出萧基接触层20,在形成第二接触孔40时,是以萧基接触层20为蚀刻停止层,而不是以P型氮化镓层18为蚀刻停止层,如此一来,P型氮化镓层18中的镁掺质的活性就不会被蚀刻剂损害。如图7所示,移除图案化掩模38,然后形成一金属层填入第二接触孔40并且覆盖保护层28,之后蚀刻金属层留下在第二接触孔40中的金属层作为栅极电极42。至此本发明的高电子迁移率晶体管100业已完成。
如图7所示,一种高电子迁移率晶体管100包含一基底10、一缓冲层堆叠层12设置在基底10上、一氮化镓层14设置在缓冲层堆叠层12上,一氮化铝镓层16设置于氮化镓层14上,一栅极24设置于氮化铝镓层16上,栅极24包含一P型氮化镓层18和一萧基接触层20,其中P型氮化镓层18接触萧基接触层20,并且P型氮化镓层18的上表面完全重叠萧基接触层20的下表面,一保护层28覆盖氮化铝镓层16和栅极24,一源极电极34设置于栅极24的一侧、穿透保护层28并且接触氮化铝镓层16,一漏极电极36设置于栅极24的另一侧、穿透保护层28并且接触氮化铝镓层16,一栅极电极42设置于栅极24的正上方、穿透保护层28并且接触萧基接触层20。基底10包含蓝宝石基底、SiC基底或硅基底。高电子迁移率晶体管100较佳为一常关型(normally-off)高电子迁移率晶体管,二维电子气44(two-dimensional electrongas,2DEG)形成在氮化铝镓层16中。根据本发明的优选实施例,基底10为具有(1,1,1)晶面的硅基底。缓冲层堆叠层12包含氮化铝、氮化镓、氮化铝镓或是其它III-V族化合物层。萧基接触层20包含功函数小于P型氮化镓层18的金属、功函数小于P型氮化镓层18的金属化合物或功函数小于P型氮化镓层18的合金。此外,萧基接触层20的功函数小于较佳小于6.1电子伏特(eV),举例而言,萧基接触层20可以包含TiN、TiW、TaN、Al、Ti、Mo、Au、W、Ni、Pd、Ta、Re、Ru、Pt或Co。根据本发明的优选实施例,萧基接触层20为TiN。萧基接触层20的厚度大于50埃,在本实施例中,萧基接触层20的厚度为100埃,P型氮化镓层18的厚度为800埃。
保护层28包含氮化硅或氧化铝。漏极电极36和源极电极34各自包含TiN、Cu、Al、Ti、Ta、W、WN、Co或Ni,较佳地漏极电极36和源极电极34为多层的导电层,例如TiN、Cu、Al和Ti由下至上依序堆叠的导电层。栅极电极42包含Ti、Al或Cu。
由于在形成第二接触孔40时会预留对准误差余裕(window),因此后续保护层28会覆盖部分的栅极24的上表面。此外,萧基接触层20和P型氮化镓层18接触的表面具有一第一宽度W1,栅极电极42和萧基接触层20接触的表面具有一第二宽度W2,由于前述保护层28覆盖部分的栅极24的上表面,使得第二宽度W2小于第一宽度W1,虽然栅极电极42无法接触全部的栅极24的上表面,但在萧基接触层20和P型氮化镓层18之间已经形成了萧基接触,如此P型氮化镓层18和栅极电极42之间的电阻,就不会因为对准误差余裕而变大。在本实例中,第一宽度W1为2微米(micrometer),第二宽度W2为1.7微米。
图8为根据本发明的一示范例所绘示的高电子迁移率晶体管,其中具有相同功能和位置的元件,将使用图7中的元件标号并且相同的部分将不重复赘述。和图7中的高电子迁移率晶体管100的差别在于:图8中的高电子迁移率晶体管200的栅极24a只由P型氮化镓层18构成,并且保护层28覆盖并接触部分的P型氮化镓层18的上表面,因此栅极电极42无法接触全部的P型氮化镓层18的上表面,也就是说有部分的P型氮化镓层18的表面未形成萧基接触,和高电子迁移率晶体管100相比,高电子迁移率晶体管200栅极电极42和栅极24之间的电阻会较大。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例,凡依本发明权利要求所做的均等变化与修饰,都应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (20)
1.一种高电子迁移率晶体管,其特征在于,包含:
氮化镓层;
氮化铝镓层,设置于该氮化镓层上;
栅极,设置于该氮化铝镓层上,该栅极包含P型氮化镓层和萧基接触(schottkycontact)层,其中该P型氮化镓层接触该萧基接触层,并且该P型氮化镓层的上表面完全重叠该萧基接触层的下表面;
保护层,覆盖该氮化铝镓层和该栅极;
源极电极,设置于该栅极的一侧、穿透该保护层并且接触该氮化铝镓层;
漏极电极,设置于该栅极的另一侧、穿透该保护层并且接触该氮化铝镓层;以及
栅极电极,设置于该栅极的正上方、穿透该保护层并且接触该萧基接触层。
2.如权利要求1所述的高电子迁移率晶体管,其中该萧基接触层包含功函数小于该P型氮化镓层的金属、功函数小于该P型氮化镓层的金属化合物或功函数小于该P型氮化镓层的合金。
3.如权利要求1所述的高电子迁移率晶体管,其中该萧基接触层的功函数小于6.1电子伏特(eV)。
4.如权利要求1所述的高电子迁移率晶体管,其中该萧基接触层包含TiN、TiW、TaN、Al、Ti、Mo、Au、W、Ni、Pd、Ta、Re、Ru、Pt或Co。
5.如权利要求1所述的高电子迁移率晶体管,其中该萧基接触层的厚度大于50埃。
6.如权利要求1所述的高电子迁移率晶体管,其中该萧基接触层和该P型氮化镓层接触的表面具有第一宽度,该栅极电极和该萧基接触层接触的表面具有第二宽度,该第二宽度小于该第一宽度。
7.如权利要求1所述的高电子迁移率晶体管,其中该栅极电极包含Al、Cu或Ti,该源极电极和该漏极电极各自包含Al、Cu、Ti或TiN。
8.如权利要求1所述的高电子迁移率晶体管,其中该保护层包含氮化硅或氧化铝。
9.如权利要求1所述的高电子迁移率晶体管,其中该保护层覆盖部分的该栅极的上表面。
10.一种高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法,包含:
依序形成氮化镓层、氮化铝镓层、P型氮化镓层和萧基接触层,其中该萧基接触层接触该P型氮化镓层;
进行蚀刻制作工艺以该氮化铝镓层为停止层,蚀刻该萧基接触层和该P型氮化镓层以形成栅极,其中该P型氮化镓层接触该萧基接触层,并且该P型氮化镓层的上表面完全重叠该萧基接触层的下表面;
形成保护层,覆盖该栅极和该氮化铝镓层;
蚀刻该保护层以在该保护层中形成两个第一接触孔,位于该栅极两侧;
形成源极电极和漏极电极,分别位于各该第一接触孔中;
在形成该源极电极和该漏极电极之后,蚀刻该保护层以在该保护层中形成第二接触孔位于该栅极正上方;以及
形成栅极电极位于该第二接触孔中并且接触该萧基接触层。
11.如权利要求10所述的高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法,其中该萧基接触层包含功函数小于该P型氮化镓层的金属、功函数小于该P型氮化镓层的金属化合物或功函数小于该P型氮化镓层的合金。
12.如权利要求10所述的高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法,其中该萧基接触层的功函数小于6.1电子伏特(eV)。
13.如权利要求10所述的高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法,其中该萧基接触层包含TiN、TiW、Ta N、Al、Ti、Mo、Au、W、Ni、Pd、Ta、Re、Ru、Pt或Co。
14.如权利要求10所述的高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法,其中该萧基接触层的厚度大于50埃。
15.如权利要求10所述的高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法,其中该蚀刻制作工艺包含干蚀刻或湿蚀刻。
16.如权利要求15所述的高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法,其中该蚀刻制作工艺包含先利用第一蚀刻剂蚀刻该萧基接触层,再用第二蚀刻剂蚀刻该P型氮化镓层,该第一蚀刻剂和该第二蚀刻剂相异。
17.如权利要求16所述的高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法,该第一蚀刻剂包含含氟气体、含氯气体、BCl3/Cl2气体、CHF3气体或HCl/H2O2/H2O溶液,该第二蚀刻剂包含KOH/乙二醇溶液、HCl/H2O溶液、含氟气体、含氯气体、BCl3/SF6气体、Cl2/Ar/O2气体、Cl2/N2气体、N2/Cl2/O2气体或Cl2/Ar气体。
18.如权利要求10所述的高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法,其中该保护层包含氮化硅或氧化铝。
19.如权利要求10所述的高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法,其中该保护层覆盖部分的该栅极的上表面。
20.如权利要求10所述的高电子迁移率晶体管的制作方法,在形成该第二接触孔时,以该萧基接触层为蚀刻停止层。
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