CN114958060A - 一种控释型复合防污材料制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于复合防污材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种羧甲基‑β‑环糊精包埋环境友好型防污剂分子插层水滑石复合材料制备方法,通过羧甲基‑β‑环糊精包埋防污剂分子后与LDHs进行插层组装制备,利用羧甲基‑β‑环糊精所形成的内疏水、外亲水的空腔结构,对防污剂分子进行包埋,利用LDHs的特殊层状结构和层间阴离子可交换的性质,将包埋物阴离子插层到LDHs层间,层间的包埋物阴离子与LDHs层板通过静电力作用而形成稳定的层状晶体结构,使用时,包埋物阴离子被其他离子(Cl‑)置换,能够对防污剂分子在海水中的释放速率进行控制,达到缓慢释放的目的,阻止防污剂的暴释,有效延长防污涂料的防污期效,应用于海洋生物污损的防护涂料。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于复合防污材料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种羧甲基-β-环糊精包埋环境友好型防污剂分子插层水滑石复合材料制备方法,通过共沉淀法制备能够调控防污剂分子释放速率的复合防污材料。
背景技术:
海洋生物污损会对海防、海运交通、渔业等带来非常严重的危害。目前,有效的解决办法之一是在涂料中掺入具有抑制生物附着的防污材料,例如,有机锡类、含铜类、有机锌类等防污剂。然而,其存在两方面的问题:一方面,防污材料在使用过程中缺乏有效的释放控制措施,容易出现“暴释”现象,造成防污材料的大量浪费;另一方面,现有技术中的防污材料对环境不友好,使得生态环境遭受破坏性影响。因此,如何实现防污材料的可控释放,提高利用率是保证防污涂料耐污损效果持久的关键,高效、环保的防污材料取代对环境不友好的防污材料成为防污领域发展的必然趋势。
双金属复合氢氧化物又称为水滑石(Layered Double Hydroxides,简写为LDHs),是一种新型的多功能层状材料,由带正电荷的主体层板和层间阴离子通过非共价键的相互作用组装而成,其化学稳定性良好,具有强的抗热性能,LDHs层板金属离子种类和比例可调变:(1)主体层板的化学组成可调变;(2)层间客体阴离子的种类和数量可调变;(3)插层组装体的粒径尺寸和分布可调控;且层间阴离子具有可交换性。LDHs所具有的独特晶体结构和物化特性使其在离子交换、吸附、药物存储、控制释放、高分子改性、电学材料等许多技术领域展现出极为广阔的应用前景。
环糊精是由D-吡喃葡萄糖单元以1,4-糖苷键结合成上宽下窄、两端开口、中空的环状大分子(通常含有6-8个葡萄糖单元),并且分子腔内部呈相对疏水性。环糊精可以通过范德华力、疏水相互作用力、主客体分子间的匹配作用等与有机、无机分子形成包合物及分子组装体系,使其在药物存储、控制释放、高分子改性、吸附材料等技术领域展现出极为广阔的应用前景。
综上所述,针对防污材料对环境不友好和释放缺乏有效控制,导致防污涂料的使用期效较短的问题,研发设计一种基于羧甲基-β-环糊精包埋环境友好型防污剂分子的插层水滑石复合材料,由于LDHs是一种阴离子型插层材料,即LDHs层间只能插入带有负电荷的无机阴离子、有机分子和聚合物等,所以,对环糊精分子进行修饰,在保持骨架大环基本不变的情况下引入取代基(羧甲基),以环境友好型防污剂为客体,用羧甲基-β-环糊精对其预先包封,再与LDHs进行插层组装,构建一种多级控释体系,实现防污剂的均匀释放,提高防污剂的利用率,延长防污涂料的使用寿命;其利用羧甲基-β-环糊精内疏水、外亲水的结构,对防污剂分子进行储存和释放,利用LDHs“分子容器”的性质暂时储存包埋物阴离子,利用LDHs层间离子可交换的性质,实现包埋物阴离子在海水中的可控释放,在海洋防污技术领域具有潜在的应用价值。
发明内容:
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的缺点,研发设计一种控释型复合防污材料制备方法,制备的复合防污材料能够在海水中氯离子的置换作用下,将包埋物阴离子和防污剂分子缓慢释放出来,达到控释的目的。
为了实现上述目的,本发明涉及的控释型复合防污材料制备方法采用共沉淀法合成羧甲基-β-环糊精包埋防污剂分子插层水滑石形成复合防污材料,其具体工艺过程包括制备羧甲基-β-环糊精、制备包埋物和制备控释型复合防污材料共三个步骤:
(1)制备羧甲基-β-环糊精
将浓度为0.1-0.2mol/L的β-环糊精水溶液、浓度为3-5mol/L的NaOH水溶液和浓度为1-3mol/L的氯乙酸水溶液混合,搅拌,在温度为60-90℃的条件下加热3-5h后,在冰浴状态下,用浓盐酸将pH值调节为6,加入300-500mL的甲醇,用无水乙醇离心洗涤,得到羧甲基-β-环糊精;
(2)制备包埋物
将浓度为0.01-0.03mol/L的羧甲基-β-环糊精醇水溶液和浓度为0.01-0.1mol/L的防污剂醇水溶液混合,搅拌,在温度为60-90℃的条件下加热24-48h,用无水乙醇离心洗涤,得到羧甲基-β-环糊精和防污剂的包埋物;
(3)制备控释型复合防污材料
将镁、铝金属离子摩尔比为2-3,二价金属离子浓度为0.1-0.3mol/L的可溶性二价硝酸镁和可溶性三价硝酸铝的混合水溶液和浓度为0.1-0.3mol/L的NaOH水溶液在N2保护的条件下同时滴加到浓度为0.005-0.01mol/L的包埋物水溶液中,搅拌,得到混合溶液,将混合溶液的pH值保持在7-9,在温度为60-90℃的条件下晶化24-48h,用除CO2的去离子水离心洗涤,得到羧甲基-β-环糊精包埋防污剂分子插层水滑石复合材料。
将本发明制备的控释型复合防污材料进行X射线衍射、红外光谱和元素分析表征,显示:包埋物阴离子成功插入水滑石层间;
对本发明制备的控释型复合防污材料进行防污剂在海水中的释放实验,表明:防污剂能够被缓慢的释放出来。
本发明与现有技术相比,通过羧甲基-β-环糊精包埋防污剂分子后与LDHs进行插层组装制备,利用羧甲基-β-环糊精所形成的内疏水、外亲水的空腔结构,对防污剂分子进行包埋,利用LDHs的特殊层状结构和层间阴离子可交换的性质,将包埋物阴离子插层到LDHs层间,层间的包埋物阴离子与LDHs层板通过静电力作用而形成稳定的层状晶体结构,使用时,包埋物阴离子被其他离子(Cl-)置换,能够对防污剂分子在海水中的释放速率进行控制,达到缓慢释放的目的,阻止防污剂分子的暴释,有效延长防污涂料的防污期效,应用于海洋生物污损的防护涂料。
附图说明:
图1为本发明实施例1制备的羧甲基-β-环糊精包埋柳酰胺类防污剂分子插层水滑石复合材料的X射线衍射图。
图2为本发明实施例2制备的羧甲基-β-环糊精包埋Econea插层水滑石复合材料的X射线衍射图。
图3为本发明实施例1制备的羧甲基-β-环糊精包埋柳酰胺类防污剂分子插层水滑石复合材料的红外图。
图4为本发明实施例2制备的羧甲基-β-环糊精包埋Econea插层水滑石复合材料在海水中的Econea的释放曲线图。
图1和图2中的横坐标为2θ角,单位是度,纵坐标为信号强度,单位是a.u.;图3中的横坐标为波数,单位是cm-1,纵坐标为透过率,单位是%;图4中的横坐标为释放时间,单位是天,纵坐标为防污剂释放速率,单位是μg/(cm2·d)。
具体实施方法:
下面结合附图并结合具体实施方法对本发明做进一步的说明。
实施例1:
本实施例涉及的控释型复合防污材料制备方法的具体工艺过程包括制备羧甲基-β-环糊精、制备包埋物和制备控释型复合防污材料共三个步骤:
(1)制备羧甲基-β-环糊精
将16.2g的β-环糊精、17.6g的NaOH和18.9g的氯乙酸分别溶于100mL的去离子水中得到β-环糊精水溶液、NaOH水溶液和氯乙酸水溶液,将三种溶液混合,搅拌,在温度为80℃的条件下反应3h后,在冰浴状态下,用浓盐酸将pH值调节至6,加入300mL甲醇,用无水乙醇离心洗涤,得到羧甲基-β-环糊精;
(2)制备包埋物
将5.0g的羧甲基-β-环糊精和2.0g的柳酰胺类防污剂分别溶于150mL的醇水溶液中得到羧甲基-β-环糊精醇水溶液和防污剂醇水溶液,将两种溶液混合,搅拌,在温度为80℃的条件下反应48h,用无水乙醇离心洗涤,得到羧甲基-β-环糊精和柳酰胺类防污剂的包埋物;
(3)制备控释型复合防污材料
将1.0g包埋物溶于100mL的除CO2的去离子水中,得到溶液Ⅰ;
将3.2g的Mg(NO3)2·6H2O和2.3g的Al(NO3)3·9H2O溶于50mL的除CO2的去离子水中,得到溶液Ⅱ;
将1.5g的NaOH溶于150mL的除CO2的去离子水中,得到溶液Ⅲ;
将溶液Ⅱ和溶液Ⅲ在N2保护的条件下同时滴加到溶液Ⅰ中,搅拌,得到混合溶液,将混合溶液的pH值保持在8.5,在温度为70℃的条件下晶化24h,用除CO2的去离子水离心洗涤,得到羧甲基-β-环糊精包埋酰胺类防污剂分子插层水滑石复合材料。
根据XRD谱图、FT-IR谱图和元素分析可知,本实施例制备得到的水滑石层间阴离子为羧甲基-β-环糊精和柳酰胺类防污剂包埋物阴离子。
实施例2:
本实施例涉及的控释型复合防污材料制备方法的具体工艺过程包括制备羧甲基-β-环糊精、制备包埋物和制备控释型复合防污材料共三个步骤:
(1)同实施例1的步骤(1);
(2)制备包埋物
将5.0g的羧甲基-β-环糊精和2.0g的Econea(溴代吡咯腈)分别溶于150mL的醇水溶液中得到羧甲基-β-环糊精醇水溶液和Econea醇水溶液,将两种溶液混合,搅拌,在温度为80℃的条件下反应48h,用无水乙醇离心洗涤,得到羧甲基-β-环糊精和Econea的包埋物;
(3)制备控释型复合防污材料
将1.0g包埋物溶于100mL的除CO2的去离子水中,得到溶液Ⅰ;
将3.2g的Mg(NO3)2·6H2O和2.3g的Al(NO3)3·9H2O溶于50mL的除CO2的去离子水中,得到溶液Ⅱ;
将1.5g的NaOH溶于150mL的除CO2的去离子水中,得到溶液Ⅲ;
将溶液Ⅱ和溶液Ⅲ在N2保护的条件下同时滴加到溶液Ⅰ中,搅拌,得到混合溶液,将混合溶液的pH值保持在8.5,在温度为70℃的条件下晶化24h,用除CO2的去离子水离心洗涤,得到羧甲基-β-环糊精包埋Econea插层水滑石复合材料。
根据X射线衍射图、红外光谱和元素分析可知,本实施例制备得到的水滑石层间阴离子为羧甲基-β-环糊精和Econea包埋物阴离子。
Claims (7)
1.一种控释型复合防污材料制备方法,其特征在于,采用共沉淀法合成羧甲基-β-环糊精包埋防污剂分子插层水滑石形成复合防污材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的控释型复合防污材料制备方法,其特征在于,具体工艺过程包括制备羧甲基-β-环糊精、制备包埋物和制备控释型复合防污材料共三个步骤:
(1)制备羧甲基-β-环糊精
将β-环糊精水溶液、NaOH水溶液和氯乙酸水溶液混合,搅拌,在温度为60-90℃的条件下加热3-5h后,在冰浴状态下,用浓盐酸将pH值调节为6,加入甲醇,用无水乙醇离心洗涤,得到羧甲基-β-环糊精;
(2)制备包埋物
将羧甲基-β-环糊精醇水溶液和防污剂醇水溶液混合,搅拌,在温度为60-90℃的条件下加热24-48h,用无水乙醇离心洗涤,得到羧甲基-β-环糊精和防污剂的包埋物;
(3)制备控释型复合防污材料
将可溶性二价硝酸镁和可溶性三价硝酸铝的混合水溶液和NaOH水溶液在N2保护的条件下同时滴加到包埋物水溶液中,搅拌,得到混合溶液,将混合溶液的pH值保持在7-9,在温度为60-90℃的条件下晶化24-48h,用除CO2的去离子水离心洗涤,得到羧甲基-β-环糊精包埋防污剂分子插层水滑石复合材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的控释型复合防污材料制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤(1)中,β-环糊精水溶液的浓度为0.1-0.2mol/L,NaOH水溶液的浓度为3-5mol/L,氯乙酸水溶液的浓度为1-3mol/L,甲醇的体积为300-500mL。
4.根据权利要求2所述的控释型复合防污材料制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤(2)中,羧甲基-β-环糊精醇水溶液的浓度为0.01-0.03mol/L,防污剂醇水溶液的浓度为0.01-0.1mol/L。
5.根据权利要求2所述的控释型复合防污材料制备方法,其特征在于,在步骤(3)中,可溶性二价硝酸镁和可溶性三价硝酸铝的混合水溶液的镁、铝金属离子摩尔比为2-3,二价金属离子浓度为0.1-0.3mol/L,NaOH水溶液的浓度为0.1-0.3mol/L,包埋物水溶液的浓度为0.005-0.01mol/L。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的控释型复合防污材料制备方法,其特征在于,羧甲基-β-环糊精为内疏水、外亲水的空腔结构,对防污剂分子进行包埋,利用LDHs的层状结构和层间阴离子可交换的性质,将包埋物阴离子插层到LDHs层间,层间的包埋物阴离子与LDHs层板通过静电力作用形成层状晶体结构。
7.根据权利要求6所述的控释型复合防污材料制备方法,其特征在于,使用时,包埋物阴离子被其他离子置换,对防污剂分子在海水中的释放速率进行控制,阻止防污剂分子的暴释。
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