CN114946526A - Formula and cultivation method of morchella culture material - Google Patents
Formula and cultivation method of morchella culture material Download PDFInfo
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- CN114946526A CN114946526A CN202011405078.3A CN202011405078A CN114946526A CN 114946526 A CN114946526 A CN 114946526A CN 202011405078 A CN202011405078 A CN 202011405078A CN 114946526 A CN114946526 A CN 114946526A
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- 241000221638 Morchella Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 58
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- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019161 pantothenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229940055726 pantothenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mushroom Cultivation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a morchella culture material formula and a cultivation method thereof, wherein the morchella culture material formula comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-120 parts of wheat, 35-65 parts of sawdust, 1-6 parts of humus soil, 5-30 parts of field soil, 0.5-2 parts of lime, 1-10 parts of chaff and 1-5 parts of vermiculite, and the formula of the culture material has sufficient raw material sources, can greatly reduce the mu usage amount of morchella strains and shorten the time for generating spores and forming primordia in the growth process of the morchella.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of toadstool cultivation, and particularly relates to a toadstool culture material formula and a cultivation method thereof.
Background
Morchella esculenta, also known as bamboo eriosema hainanensis, belongs to the kingdom of Ascomycotina, class of Discomycetes, order of Discomycetales, family of Morchellacaceae, and is named by its pileus surface with many small pits, which looks like Morchella esculenta. The morchella is the most famous delicious edible fungus in ascomycetes, and has delicious taste, unique flavor and quite rich nutrition; the morchella is determined to contain 20% of crude protein, 26% of crude fat, 38.1% of carbohydrate and 19 amino acids, wherein 8 amino acids essential to human bodies account for 47.47% of the total weight. Therefore, the morchella esculenta is considered to be a 'good protein source' and is also known as a 'meat in vegetable morchella esculenta'. In addition, morchella was determined to contain at least 8 vitamins: vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, hickory nut, biotin, folic acid and the like, the nutrient components of the morchella can be equivalent to cow milk, meat and fish meal, the morchella also contains a large amount of mineral elements necessary for human bodies, the content of potassium and phosphorus in each hundred grams of dry samples is 7 times and 4 times of that of cordyceps sinensis, and the content of zinc is 4.3 times of shiitake mushrooms and 4 times of hericium erinaceus; the iron content is 31 times of that of mushroom and 12 times of that of hericium erinaceus, so that the mushroom is internationally called one of the health foods. Meanwhile, the morchella esculenta also has the effects of enhancing the immunity of the organism, resisting fatigue and virus, inhibiting tumors, whitening and the like, and has very important medical value.
With the great improvement of living standard of people, the demand of people for morchella is more and more, the demand of people for the use amount of morchella in daily life cannot be met only by the yield of wild morchella, and the artificial cultivation becomes necessary; in the prior art, the artificial field substrate-free cultivation can increase the yield of the morchella to a certain extent, but the artificial field substrate-free cultivation is greatly influenced by the environment, has low and unstable yield and low economic value, and is not suitable for commercial popularization and large-scale cultivation;
in recent years, research is carried out by experts on improving the yield of morchella by preparing a proper culture material and adopting a proper cultivation method and the like so as to realize large-scale commercial artificial cultivation of the morchella, however, the artificial cultivation technology in the prior art is still not mature enough, and the problems of large usage amount of strains, long growth period, low yield of the morchella and unstable yield in the cultivation process exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a morchella culture material formula and a cultivation method thereof, and solves the problems that in the prior art, the morchella artificial cultivation process is large in strain consumption, long in growth time and incapable of realizing high and stable yield.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a morchella culture material formula which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-120 parts of wheat, 35-65 parts of sawdust, 1-6 parts of humus, 5-30 parts of field soil, 0.5-2 parts of lime, 1-10 parts of chaff and 1-5 parts of vermiculite.
Further preferably, the formula of the morchella culture material is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 100 parts of wheat, 50 parts of sawdust, 3 parts of humus soil, 20 parts of field soil, 1-1.5 parts of lime, 5 parts of chaff and 5 parts of vermiculite.
Preferably, the wood chips comprise the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of coarse wood chips and 5-15 parts of fine wood chips, wherein the wood chips are broad-leaved tree wood chips.
Further preferably, the wood chips comprise the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of coarse wood chips and 10 parts of fine wood chips, wherein the wood chips are broad-leaved tree wood chips.
Preferably, the composition also comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1-0.5 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1-0.5 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.5-3 parts of light calcium carbonate, 10-30 parts of bran and 0.1-2 parts of cane sugar.
Further preferably, the composition also comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.2 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1 part of magnesium sulfate, 1.5 parts of light calcium carbonate, 20 parts of bran, 0.5 part of cane sugar,
In a second aspect, the invention also provides a cultivation method of morchella esculenta, which comprises the following steps:
1) preparing culture material
Weighing the following raw materials according to the formula ratio: 80-120 parts of wheat, 35-65 parts of sawdust, 1-6 parts of humus soil, 5-30 parts of field soil, 0.5-2 parts of lime, 1-10 parts of chaff and 1-5 parts of vermiculite;
soaking the weighed wheat, the saw dust and the rice husk respectively with water until the wheat is not provided with white cores and does not break the husk,
fully and uniformly stirring the soaked wheat, wood chips and chaff with humus soil, field soil, lime and vermiculite, bagging or bottling, wherein the water content is 60-65%, and quickly cooling for later use after sterilization.
2) Cultivation of cultivars
Inoculating morchella strains into the compost prepared in the step 1), and then culturing for 12-25 days at the temperature of 12-15 ℃ to obtain a target morchella cultivated species;
3) seeding
Sowing 250 jin of morchella esculenta cultivars obtained in the step 2) into soil containing morchella esculenta cultivation material per mu, covering 1-3cm of soil, and culturing;
4) external nutrition bag
After the morchella mycelium grows to the ground and a white powdery spore layer is formed, bagging the morchella in a nutrition bag; uniformly placing the nutrition bags with an opening of 3-15cm on one side of the ground, wherein the using amount is 800-1200 kg/mu; after bagging, spraying water to the ground surface at random, and keeping the water content of the soil at 15-20%.
5) Harvesting
Forming toadstool primordium 1-1.5 months after the nutrition bag is put into the bag, and harvesting after continuously culturing for 2-2.5 months.
Preferably, the step 1) further comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1 to 0.5 portion of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1 to 0.5 portion of magnesium sulfate, 0.5 to 3 portions of light calcium carbonate, 10 to 30 portions of bran and 0.1 to 2 portions of cane sugar.
Further preferably, the step 1) further comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.2 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1 part of magnesium sulfate, 1.5 parts of light calcium carbonate, 20 parts of bran, 0.5 part of cane sugar,
Preferably, the morchella cultivation material used in the step 3) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-25 parts of rice husk, 5-25 parts of sawdust, 10-35 parts of edible fungus residue, 1-2 parts of lime and 50-80 parts of field soil; the specific operation steps of the step 3) are as follows: uniformly mixing the rice husks, the sawdust, the edible fungus residues and the lime, adding water to adjust the water content of the materials to be 55-65%, uniformly mixing the materials with the field soil to obtain a cultivation material, mixing the morchella cultivation seeds with the cultivation material according to the mass ratio of 1:5-7 to obtain a strain mixture, and finally sowing the strain mixture in the soil.
Preferably, the morchella cultivation material used in the step 3) comprises the following components: chaff, sawdust, edible fungus dregs and lime; the specific operation steps of the step 3) are as follows: weighing 5-25 parts of chaff, 5-25 parts of sawdust and 10-35 parts of edible fungus residue according to the weight parts, mixing the materials with soil uniformly according to the standard that the mixture of the chaff, the sawdust and the edible fungus residue is 3000-5000 kg and the lime is 25-40 kg per mu of land, and sowing the morchella esculenta cultivated species in the mixed soil.
Preferably, the culture conditions in step 3) are: the environmental temperature is 6-18 ℃, the soil moisture is 15-20%, and the air relative humidity is 60-80%.
Preferably, the nutrition bag in the step 4) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-120 parts of wheat, 5-30 parts of coarse wood chips, 0.5-2 parts of lime, 0.1-0.5 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1-0.5 part of magnesium sulfate and 0.5-3 parts of light calcium carbonate.
Further preferably, the nutrition bag in the step 4) comprises the following components, by weight, 100 parts of wheat, 10 parts of coarse wood chips, 1-1.5 parts of lime, 0.2 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1 part of magnesium sulfate and 1.5 parts of light calcium carbonate.
Preferably, the morchella species in the step 2) is cultured in the following way: washing fresh Morchella esculenta fruiting body with sterile water, cutting into tissue blocks of 0.5cm × 0.5cm × 0.5cm with scalpel, inoculating onto PDA culture medium, and culturing at 15-20 deg.C in incubator for 3-4 days to obtain Morchella esculenta strain.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. according to the invention, the culture material formula is prepared by adopting materials such as wheat, chaff, vermiculite, sawdust and the like, the raw material sources are sufficient, the mu usage amount of the morchella strain can be greatly reduced, the time for generating spores and forming primordia in the growth process of the morchella can be shortened, and compared with the existing yield, the number of the sporophore primordia of the morchella per unit area can be increased by 7-10 times, and the yield of the morchella can be effectively increased;
2. by adopting the morchella cultivation method provided by the invention, both cultivation methods in a field or a greenhouse can naturally grow, the acre yield and quality of morchella production can be greatly improved, the acre yield can reach 410kg-550kg, and is 100 kg/acre higher than that of the prior art stably;
3. by adopting the culture material and the cultivation method, the growth time of the morchella sporocarp can be shortened, and the maturation time of the morchella sporocarp is 2-2.5 months;
4. the toadstool cultivation method provided by the invention has good repeatability, is used for large-scale production, and has very high popularization value and economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the growth of the fruiting body of Morchella esculenta in example 2.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The formula of the toadstool culture material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80 parts of wheat, 30 parts of coarse sawdust, 5 parts of fine sawdust, 1 part of humus soil, 0.5 part of lime, 0.1 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 1 part of rice husk, 5 parts of field soil, 0.1 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.5 part of light calcium carbonate, 10 parts of bran, 0.1 part of cane sugar and 1 part of vermiculite;
the method specifically comprises the following steps of:
1) preparing culture material
Weighing the raw materials of the components according to the weight ratio of the formula: wheat, coarse wood chips, fine wood chips, humus soil, lime, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, rice husks, field soil, magnesium sulfate, light calcium carbonate, bran, cane sugar and vermiculite;
soaking the weighed wheat, coarse wood chips, fine wood chips and chaff respectively with water until the wheat is not provided with a white core and does not break the husk, fully and uniformly stirring the soaked wheat, coarse wood chips, fine wood chips and chaff with humus, field soil, lime, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, light calcium carbonate, bran, cane sugar and vermiculite, bagging or bottling, wherein the water content is 60-65%, and quickly cooling for later use after sterilization;
2) cultivation of cultivars
Inoculating a toadstool strain into the compost prepared in the step 1), and then culturing for 12-25 days at the temperature of 12-15 ℃ to obtain a target toadstool cultivated species;
3) seeding
Taking 5 parts of rice husk, 5 parts of wood chips, 10 parts of edible fungus residues, 1 part of lime and 50 parts of field soil according to the parts by weight; adding water to adjust the water content of the material to 60%, uniformly mixing the material with the field soil to obtain a cultivation material, mixing the morchella esculenta cultivar obtained in the step 2) with the cultivation material according to the mass ratio of 1:5 to obtain a strain mixture, and finally sowing the strain mixture in the soil, wherein the morchella esculenta cultivar is sowed according to 250 jin per mu of soil;
the specific growth and cultivation environmental conditions are as follows: the environmental temperature is 6-18 ℃, the soil moisture is 15-20%, and the air relative humidity is 60-80%;
the sowing mode is suitable for cultivation in a greenhouse;
4) external nutrition bag
After the morchella mycelium grows to the ground and a white powdery spore layer is formed, bagging the morchella in a nutrition bag; uniformly placing the nutrition bags with openings of 10cm on one side of the ground, wherein the dosage is 1200 kg/mu; after bagging, spraying water to the ground surface at random to keep the water content of the soil at 15-20%;
5) harvesting
Managing according to a conventional method, forming a morchella primordium 1-1.5 months after the nutrition bag is put in a bag, and continuously culturing for 2-2.5 months and then harvesting;
the nutrition bag comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70 parts of wheat, 5 parts of coarse wood chips, 0.5 part of lime, 0.1 part of dipotassium phosphate, 0.1 part of magnesium sulfate and 0.5 part of light calcium carbonate;
example 2
The formula of the toadstool culture material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of wheat, 40 parts of coarse wood chips, 10 parts of fine wood chips, 3 parts of humus soil, 1-1.5 parts of lime, 0.2 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 5 parts of rice husk, 20 parts of field soil, 0.1 part of magnesium sulfate, 1.5 parts of light calcium carbonate, 20 parts of bran, 0.5 part of cane sugar and 5 parts of vermiculite.
The method specifically comprises the following steps of:
1) preparing culture material
Weighing the raw materials of the components according to the weight ratio of the formula: wheat, coarse wood chips, fine wood chips, humus soil, lime, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, rice husks, field soil, magnesium sulfate, light calcium carbonate, bran, cane sugar and vermiculite;
soaking the weighed wheat, coarse wood chips, fine wood chips and chaff respectively with water until the wheat is not provided with white cores and does not break the husk, fully and uniformly stirring the soaked wheat, coarse wood chips, fine wood chips and chaff with humus, field soil, lime, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, light calcium carbonate, bran, cane sugar and vermiculite, bagging or bottling, wherein the water content is 60-65%, and quickly cooling for later use after sterilization.
2) Cultivation of cultivars
Inoculating a toadstool strain into the compost prepared in the step 1), and then culturing for 12-25 days at the temperature of 12-15 ℃ to obtain a target toadstool cultivated species;
3) seeding
Taking 15 parts of rice husks, 15 parts of sawdust, 22 parts of edible fungus residues, 1 part of lime and 65 parts of field soil according to the parts by weight; adding water to adjust the water content of the material to 60%, uniformly mixing the material with the field soil to obtain a cultivation material, mixing the morchella esculenta cultivar obtained in the step 2) with the cultivation material according to the mass ratio of 1:6 to obtain a strain mixture, and finally sowing the strain mixture in the soil, wherein the morchella esculenta cultivar is sowed according to 250 jin per mu of soil.
The specific growth and cultivation environmental conditions are as follows: the environmental temperature is 6-18 ℃, the soil moisture is 15-20%, and the air relative humidity is 60-80%.
The sowing mode is suitable for cultivation in a greenhouse.
4) External nutrition bag
After the morchella mycelium grows to the ground and a white powdery spore layer is formed, bagging the morchella in a nutrition bag; uniformly placing the nutrition bags with openings of 10cm on one surface which is attached to the ground, wherein the dosage is 1200 kg/mu; after bagging, spraying water to the ground surface at random, and keeping the water content of the soil at 15-20%.
5) Harvesting
Managing according to a conventional method, forming a morchella primordium 1-1.5 months after the nutrition bag is put in the bag, and continuously culturing for 2-2.5 months and then harvesting.
The nutrition bag comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of wheat, 10 parts of coarse wood chips, 1-1.5 parts of lime, 0.2 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1 part of magnesium sulfate and 1.5 parts of light calcium carbonate;
example 3
The formula of the toadstool culture material comprises the following components in parts by weight: the formula of the toadstool culture material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 120 parts of wheat, 50 parts of coarse wood chips, 15 parts of fine wood chips, 6 parts of humus soil, 2 parts of lime, 0.5 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 10 parts of rice husk, 30 parts of field soil, 0.5 part of magnesium sulfate, 3 parts of light calcium carbonate, 30 parts of bran, 2 parts of cane sugar and 5 parts of vermiculite.
The method specifically comprises the following steps of:
1) preparing culture material
Weighing the raw materials of the components according to the weight ratio of the formula: wheat, coarse wood chips, fine wood chips, humus soil, lime, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, rice husks, field soil, magnesium sulfate, light calcium carbonate, bran, cane sugar and vermiculite;
soaking the weighed wheat, coarse wood chips, fine wood chips and chaff respectively with water until no white core exists and the wheat is not broken, fully and uniformly stirring the soaked wheat, coarse wood chips, fine wood chips and chaff with humus soil, field soil, lime, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, light calcium carbonate, bran, cane sugar and vermiculite, bagging or bottling, wherein the water content is 60-65%, and quickly cooling for later use after sterilization.
2) Cultivation of cultivars
Inoculating a toadstool strain into the compost prepared in the step 1), and then culturing for 12-25 days at the temperature of 12-15 ℃ to obtain a target toadstool cultivated species;
3) seeding
Taking 25 parts of rice husks, 25 parts of sawdust, 35 parts of edible fungus residues, 2 parts of lime and 80 parts of field soil according to the parts by weight; adding water to adjust the water content of the material to 60%, uniformly mixing the material with the field soil to obtain a cultivation material, mixing the morchella esculenta cultivar obtained in the step 2) with the cultivation material according to the mass ratio of 1:7 to obtain a strain mixture, and finally sowing the strain mixture in the soil, wherein the morchella esculenta cultivar is sowed according to 250 jin per mu of soil;
the specific growth and cultivation environmental conditions are as follows: the environmental temperature is 6-18 ℃, the soil moisture is 15-20%, and the air relative humidity is 60-80%;
the seeding mode is suitable for cultivation in a greenhouse;
4) external nutrition bag
After the morchella mycelium grows to the ground and a white powdery spore layer is formed, bagging the morchella in a nutrition bag; uniformly placing the nutrition bags with openings of 10cm on one surface which is attached to the ground, wherein the dosage is 1200 kg/mu; after bagging, spraying water to the ground surface at random to keep the water content of the soil to be 15-20%;
5) harvesting
Managing according to a conventional method, forming a morchella primordium 1-1.5 months after the nutrition bag is put in a bag, and continuously culturing for 2-2.5 months and then harvesting;
the nutrition bag comprises the following components in parts by weight: the nutrition bag comprises the following components in parts by weight: 120 parts of wheat, 30 parts of coarse wood chips, 2 parts of lime, 0.5 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5 part of magnesium sulfate and 3 parts of light calcium carbonate.
Example 4
The formula of the toadstool culture material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of wheat, 40 parts of coarse wood chips, 10 parts of fine wood chips, 3 parts of humus soil, 1-1.5 parts of lime, 0.2 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 5 parts of rice husks, 20 parts of field soil, 0.1 part of magnesium sulfate, 1.5 parts of light calcium carbonate, 20 parts of bran, 0.5 part of cane sugar and 5 parts of vermiculite.
The method specifically comprises the following steps of:
1) preparing culture material
Weighing the raw materials of the components according to the weight ratio of the formula: wheat, coarse wood chips, fine wood chips, humus soil, lime, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, rice husks, field soil, magnesium sulfate, light calcium carbonate, bran, cane sugar and vermiculite;
soaking the weighed wheat, coarse wood chips, fine wood chips and chaff respectively with water until no white core exists and the wheat is not broken, fully and uniformly stirring the soaked wheat, coarse wood chips, fine wood chips and chaff with humus soil, field soil, lime, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, light calcium carbonate, bran, cane sugar and vermiculite, bagging or bottling, wherein the water content is 60-65%, and quickly cooling for later use after sterilization.
2) Cultivation of cultivars
Inoculating a toadstool strain into the compost prepared in the step 1), and then culturing for 12-25 days at the temperature of 12-15 ℃ to obtain a target toadstool cultivated species;
3) seeding
Taking 15 parts of rice husks, 15 parts of sawdust, 22 parts of edible fungus residues, 1 part of lime and 65 parts of field soil according to the parts by weight; adding water to adjust the water content of the material to 60%, uniformly mixing the material with the field soil to obtain a cultivation material, mixing the morchella esculenta cultivar obtained in the step 2) with the cultivation material according to the mass ratio of 1:6 to obtain a strain mixture, and finally sowing the strain mixture in the soil, wherein the morchella esculenta cultivar is sowed according to 250 jin per mu of soil;
the specific growth and cultivation environmental conditions are as follows: the environmental temperature is 6-18 ℃, the soil moisture is 15-20%, and the air relative humidity is 60-80%.
The sowing mode is suitable for cultivation in a greenhouse.
4) External nutrition bag
After the morchella mycelium grows to the ground and a white powdery spore layer is formed, bagging the morchella in a nutrition bag; uniformly placing the nutrition bags with openings of 10cm on one side of the ground, wherein the dosage is 960 kg/mu; after bagging, spraying water to the ground surface at random, and keeping the water content of the soil at 15-20%.
5) Harvesting
Managing according to a conventional method, forming a morchella primordium 1-1.5 months after the nutrition bag is put in the bag, and continuously culturing for 2-2.5 months and then harvesting.
The nutrition bag comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of wheat, 10 parts of coarse wood chips, 1-1.5 parts of lime, 0.2 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1 part of magnesium sulfate and 1.5 parts of light calcium carbonate;
example 5
The formula of the toadstool culture material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of wheat, 40 parts of coarse wood chips, 10 parts of fine wood chips, 3 parts of humus soil, 1-1.5 parts of lime, 0.2 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 5 parts of rice husk, 20 parts of field soil, 0.1 part of magnesium sulfate, 1.5 parts of light calcium carbonate, 20 parts of bran, 0.5 part of cane sugar and 5 parts of vermiculite.
The method specifically comprises the following steps of:
1) preparing culture material
Weighing the raw materials of the components according to the weight ratio of the formula: wheat, coarse wood chips, fine wood chips, humus soil, lime, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, rice husks, field soil, magnesium sulfate, light calcium carbonate, bran, cane sugar and vermiculite;
soaking the weighed wheat, coarse wood chips, fine wood chips and chaff respectively with water until the wheat is not provided with a white core and does not break the husk, fully and uniformly stirring the soaked wheat, coarse wood chips, fine wood chips and chaff with humus, field soil, lime, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate, light calcium carbonate, bran, cane sugar and vermiculite, bagging or bottling, wherein the water content is 60-65%, and quickly cooling for later use after sterilization;
2) cultivation of cultivars
Inoculating a toadstool strain into the compost prepared in the step 1), and then culturing for 12-25 days at the temperature of 12-15 ℃ to obtain a target toadstool cultivated species;
3) seeding
According to the standard that 3000-plus 5000 kg of chaff, sawdust and edible fungus residue mixture and 25-40 kg of lime are applied to each mu of land, the materials are uniformly mixed with the soil, morchella cultivation seeds are sown in the mixed soil according to 250 jin of soil per mu, wherein the weight parts of the chaff, the sawdust and the edible fungus residue mixture are as follows: 5-25 parts of rice husk, 5-25 parts of wood chips and 10-35 parts of edible fungus residues;
the specific growth and cultivation environmental conditions are as follows: the environmental temperature is 6-18 ℃, the soil moisture is 15-20%, and the air relative humidity is 60-80%;
the sowing mode is suitable for cultivation in a field.
4) External nutrition bag
After the morchella mycelium grows to the ground and a white powdery spore layer is formed, bagging the morchella in a nutrition bag; uniformly placing the nutrition bags with openings of 10cm on one side of the ground, wherein the dosage is 1200 kg/mu; after bagging, spraying water to the ground surface at random, and keeping the water content of the soil at 15-20%.
5) Harvesting
Managing according to a conventional method, forming a morchella primordium 1-1.5 months after the nutrition bag is put in the bag, and continuously culturing for 2-2.5 months and then harvesting.
The nutrition bag comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of wheat, 10 parts of coarse wood chips, 1-1.5 parts of lime, 0.2 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1 part of magnesium sulfate and 1.5 parts of light calcium carbonate;
the culture material and the cultivation method of the embodiment 1-5 are adopted to cultivate morel, the average data of the strain usage amount, the time for generating conidia, the time for forming primordia, the quantity of young mushrooms, the morel yield and the growth period in the morel cultivation process of the embodiment 1-5 are recorded, and compared with the prior art, the comparison result is shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the above table, the consumption of the strains in the prior art is obviously higher than that of the strains in the invention, and under the condition of using more strains, the mu yield of the morchella in the prior art is only 200-; in the prior art, the production time of conidia is 10-15 days, primordia are formed for 45-60 days, and the time can be respectively shortened to 6-10 days and 35-45 days after the culture material formula is adopted; the culture material and the cultivation method provided by the invention can effectively reduce the usage amount of strains, shorten the time and the number of generation of spores and primordium in the growth process of the morchella esculenta, shorten the growth period of the morchella esculenta and obviously improve the yield.
Claims (10)
1. The formula of the toadstool culture material is characterized in that: the paint comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-120 parts of wheat, 35-65 parts of sawdust, 1-6 parts of humus, 5-30 parts of field soil, 0.5-2 parts of lime, 1-10 parts of chaff and 1-5 parts of vermiculite.
2. The morchella culture material formula according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the wood chip comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of coarse wood chips and 5-15 parts of fine wood chips, wherein the wood chips are broad-leaved tree wood chips.
3. The morchella culture material formula according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the paint also comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1-0.5 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1-0.5 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.5-3 parts of light calcium carbonate, 10-30 parts of bran and 0.1-2 parts of cane sugar.
4. The cultivation method of the morchella is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing culture material
Weighing the following raw materials according to the formula ratio: : 80-120 parts of wheat, 35-65 parts of sawdust, 1-6 parts of humus, 5-30 parts of field soil, 0.5-2 parts of lime, 1-10 parts of chaff and 1-5 parts of vermiculite;
soaking the weighed wheat, the sawdust and the rice husk respectively with water until the wheat is not provided with white cores and does not break skins,
fully and uniformly stirring the soaked wheat, wood chips and chaff with humus soil, field soil, lime and vermiculite, bagging or bottling, wherein the water content is 60-65%, and quickly cooling for later use after sterilization.
2) Cultivation of cultivars
Inoculating a toadstool strain into the compost prepared in the step 1), and then culturing for 12-25 days at the temperature of 12-15 ℃ to obtain a target toadstool cultivated species;
3) seeding
Sowing 250 jin of morchella esculenta cultivars obtained in the step 2) into soil containing morchella esculenta cultivation material per mu, covering 1-3cm of soil, and culturing;
4) external nutrition bag
After the morchella mycelium grows to the ground and a white powdery spore layer is formed, bagging the morchella in a nutrition bag; uniformly placing the nutrition bags with an opening of 3-15cm on one side of the ground, wherein the dosage is 800-; after bagging, spraying water to the ground surface at random, and keeping the water content of the soil at 15-20%.
5) Harvesting
Forming toadstool primordium 1-1.5 months after the nutrition bag is put into the bag, and harvesting after continuously culturing for 2-2.5 months.
5. The cultivation method of morchella as claimed in claim 4, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the step 1) also comprises the following components in parts by weight: 0.1 to 0.5 portion of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1 to 0.5 portion of magnesium sulfate, 0.5 to 3 portions of light calcium carbonate, 10 to 30 portions of bran and 0.1 to 2 portions of cane sugar.
6. The cultivation method of morchella according to claim 4, wherein: the morchella cultivation material used in the step 3) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-25 parts of rice husk, 5-25 parts of wood chips, 10-35 parts of edible fungus residues, 1-2 parts of lime and 50-80 parts of field soil; the specific operation steps of the step 3) are as follows: uniformly mixing the chaff, the sawdust, the edible fungus residues and the lime, adding water to adjust the water content of the materials to be 55-65%, uniformly mixing the materials with the field soil to obtain a cultivation material, mixing the morchella esculenta cultivation material with the cultivation material according to the mass ratio of 1:5-7 to obtain a strain mixture, and finally sowing the strain mixture in the soil.
7. The cultivation method of morchella as claimed in claim 4, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the morchella cultivation material used in the step 3) comprises the following components in parts by weight: chaff, sawdust, edible fungus dregs and lime; the specific operation steps of the step 3) are as follows: weighing 5-25 parts of chaff, 5-25 parts of sawdust and 10-35 parts of edible fungus residue according to the weight parts, mixing the materials with soil uniformly according to the standard that the mixture of the chaff, the sawdust and the edible fungus residue is 3000-5000 kg and the lime is 25-40 kg per mu of land, and sowing the morchella esculenta cultivated species in the mixed soil.
8. The cultivation method of morchella according to claim 4, wherein: the culture conditions in the step 3) are as follows: the environmental temperature is 6-18 ℃, the soil moisture is 15-20%, and the air relative humidity is 60-80%.
9. The cultivation method of morchella as claimed in claim 4, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the nutrition bag in the step 4) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-120 parts of wheat, 5-30 parts of coarse wood chips, 0.5-2 parts of lime, 0.1-0.5 part of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.1-0.5 part of magnesium sulfate and 0.5-3 parts of light calcium carbonate.
10. The cultivation method of morchella as claimed in claim 4, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the morchella strain in the step 2) is cultured according to the following mode: washing fresh Morchella esculenta fruiting body with sterile water, cutting into tissue blocks of 0.5cm × 0.5cm × 0.5cm with scalpel, inoculating onto PDA culture medium, and culturing at 15-20 deg.C in incubator for 3-4 days to obtain Morchella esculenta strain.
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| CN106818215A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-06-13 | 广东东阳光药业有限公司 | Terraced rib hickory chick industrial planting method |
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| CN108770597A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-11-09 | 延安新天然农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of hickory chick culture material formula and its cultural method |
| CN111727811A (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2020-10-02 | 黄冈师范学院 | Semi-synthetic morchella culture medium and nutrition bag |
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| US4757640A (en) * | 1985-04-29 | 1988-07-19 | Neogen Corporation | Cultivation of morchella |
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