CN114946505B - Planting method for early harvest and high yield of Fu oranges - Google Patents
Planting method for early harvest and high yield of Fu oranges Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of planting of Fu oranges, in particular to a planting method for early fruiting and high yield of Fu oranges. Transplanting the disease and pest-free citrus aurantium seedlings into a substrate of a seedling raising container, and cultivating for more than one year in a disease and pest-free environment to form healthy citrus aurantium seedlings with established plant types and disease-free containers; transplanting healthy large seedlings of the cultivated citrus aurantium, which are free of disease containers, to a field for 2-4 months, and crushing pineapple residual plants after pineapple harvesting into the field by adopting a mode of intercropping narrow plants, wide rows and pineapples. The cultivation mode of interplanting pineapples in the large seedling field of the disease-free container for the Fu-Chen can realize early harvest and high yield of the Fu-Chen, improves the yield of unit land area, and simultaneously effectively reduces the loss caused by the spread of yellow dragon disease when the Fu-Chen is not in high yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planting of Fu oranges, in particular to a planting method for early fruiting and high yield of Fu oranges.
Background
According to the statistics of the annual book of Hainan agriculture in 2019, the planting area of Hainan citrus fruit trees is 11.01 mu, and the planting area of Hainan citrus fruit trees is increased by 5.6% each year, wherein the ratio of oranges is more than 85%, and known brands such as 'Fu' orange ',' Green 'orange' and 'Red heart orange' are emerging. Fu-orange is a late maturing variety of Hongjiang orange introduced from Guangdong in Chengmai county of Hainan province in 2002, and is mainly planted in Chengmai bridgehead, jin Jiang, fushan, dafeng and other areas. The variety is improved and cultivated to become a tropical orange excellent variety with typical local characteristics. The Fu orange has the advantages of good taste, excellent quality, high yield, good benefit, long picking period, long fresh keeping, easy package and transportation and the like, is evaluated as 'ten large-name Chinese orange' by China fruit circulation society and national department of agriculture quality detection center, has the earliest maturity in similar varieties and longer fruiting time, is a variety with the longest time of Chinese orange marketing from 10 months to 2 months of the next year, and has strong market competitiveness in the period of the positive spring festival of the optimal picking time.
Although the development of the citrus trees in Hainan is faster in recent years, the citrus greening disease is one of the main industries of the local fruit farmers, the citrus greening disease is discovered in Hainan province for the first time in 2006, and after that, reports of the damage of the citrus greening disease to the citrus industry in Hainan province are continuously presented. The quality of the citrus aurantium seedlings on the market is uneven, the citrus aurantium seedlings carrying the yellow dragon disease flow everywhere, the healthy large seedlings without the yellow dragon disease are lack, the cultivation and management technology of fruit farmers in the young tree period is improper, and the yellow dragon disease occurs and is insulated from fruits in many orchards after the seedlings are planted, so that the fruit farmers suffer from destructive disasters.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a planting method for early harvest and high yield of the Fu oranges, which effectively reduces the loss caused by the damage of yellow dragon disease by a method for intercropping pineapple with large seedlings without a container, thereby realizing the early harvest and high yield of the Fu oranges.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a planting method for early harvest and high yield of Fu oranges, which comprises the following steps:
transplanting the disease and pest-free citrus aurantium seedlings into a substrate of a seedling raising container, and cultivating for more than one year in a disease and pest-free environment to form healthy citrus aurantium seedlings with established plant types and disease-free containers;
transplanting healthy large seedlings of the cultivated citrus aurantium, which are free of disease containers, to a field for 2-4 months, and crushing pineapple residual plants after pineapple harvesting into the field by adopting a mode of intercropping narrow plants, wide rows and pineapples.
Preferably, the seedling raising substrate is red loam, coconut husk and decomposed sheep manure according to the volume ratio of 5-6:2-3:2, mixing.
Preferably, when the citrus aurantium seedlings grow to 30-40cm, topping and fixing the stems, culturing 3-4 evenly distributed main branches, when the main branches grow to 10-20cm, picking the cores, culturing 2-3 evenly distributed secondary main branches, and sequentially culturing tertiary branches and quaternary branches.
Preferably, the healthy seedlings are cultivated in a greenhouse, and an insect-proof net is covered around the greenhouse.
Preferably, the orange seedlings are shaded and cooled by a shading net in 4-10 months.
Preferably, the seedling raising container is a seedling raising bag, the depth of the seedling raising bag is 30-50cm, and the diameter of the seedling raising bag is 30-50 cm.
Preferably, the seedling density of the citrus aurantium seedlings is 300-500 plants/667 m 2 。
Preferably, the planting distance of healthy large seedlings of the citrus aurantium in the field is 4-5 m, the row spacing is 6-7 m, and the planting density is 25-30 plants/mu.
Preferably, the plant-row spacing of the pineapple is 0.3-0.4m.
Further preferably, 2-4 rows of pineapples are planted among the Fu orange rows, and the planting density of the pineapples is 1300-1600 plants/mu.
Preferably, the pineapple harvesting includes 'two fruits and one bud', namely, after harvesting 2 pineapple fruits, harvesting 1 pineapple bud absorption time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
in the conventional cultivation and management process of the citrus aurantium, destructive yellow dragon diseases occur in a large range when the citrus aurantium is less than Feng Chanqi, so that the loss of citrus aurantium growers is large, and the industrial development is not sustainable. The cultivation mode of the citrus aurantium intercropping pineapple is implemented when the citrus aurantium is cultivated in the field in a disease-free container, so that the loss caused by the damage of citrus aurantium to Cheng Chanqi caused by yellow dragon disease can be reduced, the early harvest and high yield of citrus aurantium can be effectively realized, and the yield of unit land area is improved. If the damage of individual citrus aurantium plants by the yellow dragon disease is found in the later stage of citrus aurantium planting, the effect of early fruiting and high yield can be realized quickly after the reseeding of the container-free seedlings.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows the seedling raising of the citrus aurantium by greenhouse building.
Fig. 2 is a fixed stem of the citrus aurantium seedlings.
FIG. 3 shows the intercropping pineapple in large seedlings in a container without diseases.
FIG. 4 shows a conventional single-crop cultivation of conventional seedlings.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a planting method for early harvest and high yield of Fu oranges, which comprises the following steps:
transplanting the disease and pest-free citrus aurantium seedlings into a substrate of a seedling raising container, and cultivating for more than one year in a disease and pest-free environment to form healthy citrus aurantium seedlings with established plant types and disease-free containers;
transplanting healthy large seedlings of the cultivated citrus aurantium, which are free of disease containers, to a field for 2-4 months, adopting a narrow-plant wide-row mode and intercropping and cultivating pineapples, and crushing and returning pineapple residual plants after harvesting two fruits and one bud of the pineapples.
Healthy seedlings of the citrus aurantium container without disease are preferably cultivated in a greenhouse. The type of greenhouse is not particularly limited, and any greenhouse known in the prior art can be adopted. According to the invention, the insect-proof net is covered around the greenhouse, so that an insect-free environment is created, and meanwhile, insect-transmitted diseases are avoided. As an embodiment, an 80 mesh insect screen is used. As an implementation mode, a sunshade net is covered above the interior of the greenhouse and is used for sunshade and cooling when the temperature in the greenhouse is too high. As one or more embodiments, the orange seedlings are required to be shaded and cooled by a sunshade net in 4-10 months.
As one embodiment, the young seedlings of the citrus aurantium without diseases and insect pests are transplanted into the substrate of the seedling container for cultivation. The invention is not particularly limited to a seedling raising container, and a seedling raising bag may be used. Preferably, the seedling raising bag has a depth of 30-50cm, more preferably 35-45 cm, and a diameter of 30-50cm, more preferably 35-45 cm.
As an implementation mode, the seedling substrate is red loam, coconut husk and decomposed sheep manure according to the volume ratio of 5-6:2-3:2, more preferably 5:3:2. the seedling substrate effectively fixes the growth and development of the large orange seedlings and provides a good growth environment with effective loosening, fertility, water retention and ventilation for root systems. Preferably, the seedling raising density of the citrus aurantium seedlings is 300-500 plants/667 m 2 More preferably 350 to 450 strain/667 m 2 . In the cultivation process, the citrus aurantium seedlings are topped and fixed, and main branches, secondary main branches, tertiary branches and quaternary branches are cultivated gradually. As an implementation mode, when the citrus aurantium seedlings grow to 30-40cm, topping and fixing the stems, culturing 3-4 evenly distributed main branches, when the main branches grow to 10-20cm, picking the cores and culturing 2-3 evenly distributed secondary main branches, and sequentially culturing tertiary branches and quaternary branches. Preferably, the healthy large seedlings of the fixed-plant-type citrus aurantium are cultured for more than one year, bred in 1-3 months and directly transplanted into the field.
The large seedling of the disease-free container of the Fu orange has a plant height of more than 1.5 meters, the diameter of the trunk above the grafting opening is more than 1.5 cm, the root system is developed, the growth is fast after the planting, a high-yield tree crown can be formed in the same year, the basic high yield in the second year reaches about 20 kg, and the production and income are fast; and the outdoor contact time with the yellow dragon disease transmission medium (diaphorina citri) is short before the yield is high, and the occurrence probability of the yellow dragon disease is greatly reduced before the yield of the citrus is high. The traditional bare root seedlings are weaker and smaller, have fewer root systems, grow slowly, test results three years after planting, yield and income are slow in the fourth year; the outdoor contact time with the yellow dragon disease transmission medium (diaphorina citri) is more than 2 years before high yield, and the yield can not be guaranteed when the yellow dragon disease outbreak is very likely to happen during high yield. The invention saves 1-2 years of field management cost for planting large seedlings of the disease-free container of the Fu oranges, and the invention also has short benefit time per unit land area and high return on investment in intercropping pineapple short-term crops.
The invention transplants healthy seedlings of the cultivated citrus aurantium without disease container to the field for 2-4 months, and adopts a mode of intercropping narrow plants, wide rows and pineapple. The pineapple has the advantages of rapid nutrition growth, small crown width, early production, and pineapple production in the second and third years after field planting. The space of the row spacing of the citrus aurantium is utilized to meet the requirement of pineapple growth and development on the environment, intercropping pineapples can effectively prevent and control the growth of weed among the citrus aurantium, improve the soil property, improve the organic matters, improve the soil yield of unit area and accelerate the planting investment return rate. As an implementation mode, the planting distance of healthy large seedlings of the citrus aurantium, which are not used for container diseases, in the field is 4-5 m, and the row distance is 6-7 m. The pineapple is interplanted in the middle of the wide row of the Fu orange, and the plant row spacing of the pineapple is preferably 0.3-0.4m. The person skilled in the art can plant 2-4 rows of pineapples among the orange rows, preferably among the orange rows, by means of appropriate number of pineapples in a visible range. As an implementation mode, the citrus aurantium is planted in 25-30 plants/mu, and the pineapple is planted in 1300-1600 plants/mu.
As one embodiment, the invention pulverizes pineapple residual plants after harvesting pineapple and returns the pineapple residual plants to the field. The pineapple harvesting is preferably 'two fruits and one seedling', namely, after 2 pineapple fruits are harvested, 1 pineapple bud sucking is performed. And harvesting the pineapple stubble, and crushing and returning the pineapple stubble after absorbing the buds of the propagated pineapple. Pineapple contains a large amount of organic and inorganic nutrients, and the yield and economic benefit of the citrus aurantium and pineapple can be obviously improved by crushing the residual plants and returning the crushed residual plants to the field.
The field management modes of the citrus aurantium and pineapple, such as water and fertilizer management, pest and disease control and the like, can be carried out by adopting the conventional methods in the field.
The technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments, and the technical scheme of the present invention includes but is not limited to the following embodiments.
Example 1
1. Healthy large seedling cultivation method for citrus aurantium without disease container
And cultivating healthy orange seedlings by using the insect-proof and shading composite simple flat greenhouse seedling cultivation greenhouse. The flat shed frame with the height of 2.0m is covered by an 80-mesh insect-proof net around the flat shed frame to achieve insect-proof effect, the shed is covered by a 75% sunshade net 30cm away from the shed roof, the sunshade net is used for shading for 4-10 months, and the over-high temperature seedlings are prevented from being burnt when the sun in the shed is exposed.
Transplanting the pest and disease-free orange seedlings into a substrate of a seedling bag, wherein the seedling substrate is red loam with the volume ratio: coconut husk: rotten sheep manure=5:3:2, the seedling bag specification is deep diameter=30×30cm, seedling density 400 plants/667 m 2 . And (3) topping and fixing rods when the seedlings grow to 30cm in the greenhouse, culturing 3 uniformly distributed main branches, carrying out pinching and culturing 3 uniformly distributed secondary main branches when the seedlings grow to 15cm in the greenhouse, and sequentially culturing tertiary branches and quaternary branches. And (5) culturing in a greenhouse for one year to form healthy seedlings with established plant types, and finishing seedling culture in 3 months. The seedling raising period is about 12 months, and the seedling cost is 50 yuan/plant.
2. Healthy large seedling field cultivation of Fu orange without disease container
Transplanting the cultivated healthy seedlings without the disease container to a field for 4 months, wherein the cultivation mode adopts a intercropping mode with narrow plant and wide row, the plant row spacing is 4 x 6m, and 27 Fu orange plants are planted per mu. 2 rows of pineapples are planted among the rows of the fossa, the row spacing of pineapple plants is 0.3m, and 1450 plants are planted per mu. And 2 times of fruit harvesting and 1 time of pineapple bud sucking are carried out on the pineapple, and the pineapple residual plants are crushed and returned to the field.
The yield of the citrus aurantium is 10kg in the second year, and the yield of the citrus aurantium in the third year after planting reaches 40kg. The occurrence rate of yellow dragon disease is controlled at 6% in the third year, which is greatly lower than that of the conventional planting.
Example 2
1. Healthy large seedling cultivation method for citrus aurantium without disease container
And cultivating healthy orange seedlings by using the insect-proof and shading composite simple flat greenhouse seedling cultivation greenhouse. The flat shed frame with the height of 2.0m is covered by an 80-mesh insect-proof net around the flat shed frame to achieve insect-proof effect, the shed is covered by a 75% sunshade net 40cm away from the shed roof, the sunshade net is used for shading and cooling for 4-10 months, and the over-high temperature seedlings are prevented from being burnt when the sun in the shed is exposed.
Transplanting the pest and disease-free orange seedlings into a substrate of a seedling bag, wherein the seedling substrate is red loam with the volume ratio: coconut husk: rotten sheep manure=5:2:2, seedling bags with deep diameter=50×50cm and seedling density of 300 plants/667 m 2 . And (3) topping and fixing rods when the seedlings grow to 35cm in the greenhouse, culturing 3 uniformly distributed main branches, carrying out pinching and culturing 2 uniformly distributed secondary main branches when the seedlings grow to 10cm, and sequentially culturing tertiary branches and quaternary branches. And (5) culturing in a greenhouse for one year to form healthy seedlings with established plant types, and finishing seedling culture in 2 months.
2. Healthy large seedling field cultivation of Fu orange without disease container
Transplanting the cultivated healthy seedlings without the disease container to a field for 3 months, wherein the cultivation mode adopts a intercropping mode with narrow plant and wide row, the plant row spacing is 4 x 6m, and 27 Fu orange plants are planted per mu. 3 rows of pineapples are planted among the rows of the fossa, the row spacing of pineapple plants is 0.3m, and 1500 plants are planted per mu. And 2 times of fruit harvesting and 1 time of pineapple bud sucking are carried out on the pineapple, and the pineapple residual plants are crushed and returned to the field.
Example 3
1. Healthy large seedling cultivation method for citrus aurantium without disease container
And cultivating healthy orange seedlings by using the insect-proof and shading composite simple flat greenhouse seedling cultivation greenhouse. The flat shed frame with the height of 2.0m is covered by an 80-mesh insect-proof net around the flat shed frame to achieve insect-proof effect, the inner portion of the shed is covered by a 75% sunshade net 35cm away from the top of the shed, the sunshade net is used for shading for 4-10 months, and the over-high temperature seedlings are prevented from being burnt when the sun in the shed is exposed.
Transplanting the pest and disease-free orange seedlings into a substrate of a seedling bag, wherein the seedling substrate is red loam with the volume ratio: coconut husk: rotten sheep manure=6:3:2, seedling bags with deep diameter=40×40cm and seedling density of 450 plants/667 m 2 . Topping and fixing the rods when the seedlings grow to 40cm in the greenhouse, culturing 4 uniformly distributed main branches, taking the main branches to 10cm, picking the cores, culturing 2 uniformly distributed secondary main branches, and sequentially culturing three-stage branches and four-stage branchesAnd (5) branch grading. And (5) culturing in a greenhouse for one year to form healthy seedlings with established plant types, and finishing seedling culture in 1 month.
2. Healthy large seedling field cultivation without disease container for Fu orange
Transplanting the cultivated healthy seedlings without the disease container to a field for 2 months, wherein the cultivation mode adopts a intercropping mode with narrow plant and wide row, the plant row spacing is 4 x 6m, and the citrus aurantium is planted in 28 plants per mu. 3 rows of pineapples are planted among the rows of the fossa, the row spacing of pineapple plants is 0.4m, and 1300 plants are planted per mu. And 2 times of fruit harvesting and 1 time of pineapple bud sucking are carried out on the pineapple, and the pineapple residual plants are crushed and returned to the field.
Comparative example 1
And (3) planting Fu orange with a small size of Miao Shan: bare root seedlings or cup seedlings after the Fu oranges are grafted are transplanted to the field when the height is 30-50cm, 27 plants are planted per mu in a single-cropping cultivation mode, the plant spacing is 4m, and the row spacing is 6m. The cost of the seedlings is 10 yuan/plant.
The citrus sinensis fruits are harvested in the 3 rd year after planting, and the average plant yield is 10kg. The occurrence rate of yellow dragon disease in the third year is 15 percent.
Comparative example 2
Interplanting fructus Citri sinensis seedlings with pineapple: the method is the same as in example 1, and bare root seedlings or cup seedlings after the Fu orange grafting are transplanted out of the nursery when 30-50cm high and are planted in the field in a mode of intercropping with pineapple.
The fruits are harvested only after 3 years of planting of the Fu oranges, and the average plant yield is 10kg. The occurrence rate of yellow dragon disease in the third year is 16 percent.
Comparative example 3
And (3) single-cropping cultivation of the large citrus aurantium seedlings: healthy seedlings of citrus aurantium were cultivated as in example 1. Transplanting the cultivated healthy seedlings without the disease container to a field in 3 months, and planting 27 plants per mu with a single-crop cultivation mode, wherein the plant spacing is 4m, the row spacing is 6m.
The yield of the citrus aurantium is 10kg in the second year, and the yield of the citrus aurantium in the third year after planting reaches 40kg. The occurrence rate of yellow dragon disease is controlled at 6% in the third year, which is greatly lower than that of the conventional planting.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The planting method for early harvest and high yield of the Fu oranges is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
transplanting the disease and pest-free citrus aurantium seedlings into a substrate of a seedling raising container, and cultivating for more than one year in a disease and pest-free environment to form healthy citrus aurantium seedlings with established plant types and disease-free containers; the seedling substrate is red loam, coconut husk and decomposed sheep manure according to the volume ratio of 5-6:2-3:2, mixing;
transplanting healthy large seedlings of the bred citrus aurantium, which are free of disease containers, to a field in 2-4 months, and adopting a mode of intercropping narrow plants, wide rows and pineapples; the planting distance of healthy large seedlings of the fossa is 4-5 m, the row spacing is 6-7 m, and the planting density is 25-30 plants/mu; the plant-row spacing of the pineapple is 0.3-0.4m; 2-4 rows of pineapples are planted among the Fu orange rows, and the planting density of the pineapples is 1300-1600 plants/mu;
crushing pineapple residual plants after harvesting pineapple and returning the crushed pineapple residual plants to the field; the pineapple is harvested into two fruits and one seedling, namely, after 2 pineapple fruits are harvested, 1 pineapple bud sucking is performed.
2. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein when the citrus aurantium seedlings grow to 30-40cm, topping and fixing the stems, culturing 3-4 evenly distributed main branches, when the main branches grow to 10-20cm, picking and culturing 2-3 evenly distributed secondary main branches, and sequentially culturing tertiary branches and quaternary branches.
3. The planting method according to claim 1, wherein healthy seedlings of the citrus aurantium are cultivated in a greenhouse, and an insect-proof net is covered around the greenhouse.
4. A planting method according to claim 3, wherein the healthy seedlings of the citrus aurantium are planted in the greenhouse, and the temperature is lowered in 4-10 months by shading with a sunshade net.
5. According to claim 1The planting method is characterized in that the seedling density of the pest-free citrus aurantium seedlings is 300-500 plants/667 m 2 。
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106069125A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-09 | 田阳县阳生优品果蔬种植专业合作社 | A kind of method of Fructus Ananadis comosi interplanting |
| CN110367025A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-10-25 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of rapid high yield and the strong disease-free container seedlings implantation methods of citrus of disease resistance |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106069125A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-09 | 田阳县阳生优品果蔬种植专业合作社 | A kind of method of Fructus Ananadis comosi interplanting |
| CN110367025A (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2019-10-25 | 广东省农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of rapid high yield and the strong disease-free container seedlings implantation methods of citrus of disease resistance |
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| Title |
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| 马恩成等主编.开发农业研究.广东人民出版社,1990,第192页. * |
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