CN114917922A - 一种可磁分离光催化再生活性炭及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种可磁分离光催化再生活性炭及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明以废弃山核桃蒲壳为原料,经过预处理、浸渍负载、炭化活化得到锰锌铁氧体/氧化锌/活性炭复合材料,本发明的活性炭复合材料可磁分离光催化再生,具有以下优点和有益效果:1)以废弃山核桃蒲壳为原料,来源广泛、价格低廉,可提高废弃山核桃蒲壳的回收再利用率;2)活性炭中包含Mn2+、Zn2+、Fe3+,增加吸附剂化学活性点,有利于抗生素的吸附降解;3)可以通过外磁场进行磁分离,有利于活性炭的回收利用及光催化再生;4)本发明的制备方法具有操作简单、环境友好、耗能低等优点,应用于环丙沙星抗生素吸附的条件温和、耗时短、效果优异,活性炭可光催化再生循环利用效率高、效果好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料领域,具体涉及一种可磁分离光催化再生活性炭及其制备方法。
背景技术
山核桃蒲壳中含一种生物碱,具有较强碱性,且不易腐烂,每年山核桃采摘后所遗弃的山核桃蒲壳都堆满了江河,山核桃蒲壳碱性很强,在自然界中降解速度很慢,堆置山核桃蒲壳经雨水浸泡后,浸出液流入江河、湖泊中,污染水体以致江河中虾鱼灭绝,均对当地生态环境造成严重污染。目前无论是山上堆放还是集中专用场地堆放均无法解决日益增加的山核桃外蒲壳固废处理。因此,山核桃蒲壳的回收再利用有很大的提升空间和重要的可持续发展意义。
活性炭因微孔结构丰富,比表面积大,化学稳定性高和无毒性等优点被广泛应用于水处理、空气净化、食品脱色和药物分离等领域。但其在实际应用中存在分离难和再生难等问题。首先,传统的过滤分离法容易引起筛网堵塞或活性炭的流失。与传统的过滤法相比,磁分离是一种简单高效的分离方法,可分离磁性或可磁化的吸附剂、载体、细胞等物质。而活性炭本身磁化率非常小,需要引入磁性介质才能适用于磁分离。其次,应用后活性炭会产生大量的废弃活性炭,如果这些废弃活性炭不能够再次利用或再生将对环境产生二次污染。常规的活性炭再生技术如热再生,化学再生,生物再生,微波再生等存在处理温度高,化学消耗大,处理周期长,再生效率低等许多缺点。废弃活性炭的光催化再生技术通过将太阳能转化为化学能,光催化降解被吸附的污染物来再生活性炭。由于可以将污染物原位降解,不会对环境产生二次污染。
抗生素因具有的高效光谱、口服活性、完全的交叉抗性等优点,被广泛用于治疗人体、疾病、预防畜禽、水产品的细菌性病害等行业。然而,残留抗生素的数量也随之越来越大,据中国科学院关于抗生素污染的研究表明,在我国一年中有超过5万吨抗生素排放进水土环境中,对生态系统和人类健康造成严重影响。因此,急需一种快速、有效的方法来降解掉水体中残留的抗生素。活性炭具有丰富的孔结构,较大的比表面积,可以用来吸附水体中残留的抗生素。然而,单纯的活性炭对特定的抗生素化学活性点不高,抗生素吸附效率不够理想。
发明内容
本发明的目的是利用山核桃蒲壳为原料,制备一种可磁分离光催化再生活性炭,该活性炭为锰锌铁氧体/氧化锌/活性炭复合材料,同时提供了一种制备该活性炭复合材料的方法。
为实现本发明的目的,采用以下技术方案:
一种可磁分离光催化再生活性炭,其特征在于,所述的活性炭为锰锌铁氧体/氧化锌/活性炭复合材料,具体包括以下制备步骤:一、将废弃山核桃蒲壳水洗干净烘干,然后用研磨机研磨过200目分子筛,在50℃下用NaOH浸泡5h,水洗至中性后过滤并在100℃下烘24h以备用;二、将MnCl2·4H2O、ZnCl2和FeCl3·6H2O溶于蒸馏水和乙醇的混合液中,配制成含Mn2+:Zn2+ :Fe3+摩尔比为1:1:4的混合金属溶液A,将ZnCl2溶于蒸馏水中得到溶液B;三、将步骤一得到的样品浸渍于混合金属盐溶液A中搅拌5 h后,加入一定量的NaOH继续搅拌2 h,然后逐滴加入溶液B,在60℃恒温下将混合物搅拌至完全干燥;四、将步骤三的样品置于管式炉中升温至300~400 ℃保温1~2 h后通入氮气继续升温至800~1000 ℃保温1~2 h,自然冷却后得到可磁分离光催化再生活性炭。
本发明的有益效果:
1)本发明以废弃山核桃蒲壳为原料,来源广泛、价格低廉,可提高废弃山核桃蒲壳的回收再利用率;2)Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4负载使活性炭具有磁性,在活性炭吸附抗生素后可以通过外磁场进行磁分离,有利于活性炭的回收利用及再生;3)活性炭中包含Mn2+、Zn2+ 、Fe3+,增加吸附剂化学活性点,有利于抗生素的吸附降解;4)Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4和ZnO负载于活性炭,吸附抗生素后可磁分离,并可光照催化再生活性炭,使活性炭循环利用;5)本发明的制备方法具有操作简单、环境友好、耗能低等优点,应用于环丙沙星抗生素吸附的条件温和、耗时短、效果优异,活性炭可光催化再生循环利用效率高、效果好。
附图说明
图1是实施例1制备的可磁分离光催化再生活性炭的SEM图,通过图1可知本发明制备的可磁分离光催化再生活性炭形成了Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4和ZnO负载活性炭的结构。
图2是实施例1制备的可磁分离光催化再生活性炭的的XRD曲线图,证实制备的复合材料含有Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4、ZnO和活性炭物相。
图3是实施例1制备的可磁分离光催化再生活性炭的磁性能和磁分离效果图,制备的复合材料的饱和磁化强度为4.73 emu/g,在外磁场下可磁分离。
图4是实施例1制备的可磁分离光催化再生活性炭对吸附环丙沙星抗生素的再生效果图,在紫外光再生12 h后,经过4次循环活性炭对环丙沙星抗生素的降解率为84%。
具体实施方式
下面是结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。这些实施例仅用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
一、将废弃山核桃蒲壳水洗干净烘干,然后用研磨机研磨过200目分子筛,在50℃下用NaOH浸泡5h,水洗至中性后过滤并在100℃下烘24 h以备用;二、将1 mmol 的MnCl2·4H2O、1 mmol的ZnCl2和4 mmol的FeCl3·6H2O溶于25 ml的蒸馏水和25 ml的乙醇的混合液中,配制成含Mn2+:Zn2+ :Fe3+摩尔比为1:1:4的混合金属溶液A,将1 mmol的ZnCl2溶于25 ml的蒸馏水中得到溶液B;三、将步骤一得到的样品浸渍于混合金属盐溶液A中搅拌5 h后,加入一定量的NaOH继续搅拌2 h,然后逐滴加入溶液B,在60℃恒温下将混合物搅拌至完全干燥;四、将步骤三的样品置于管式炉中升温至400 ℃保温1 h后通入氮气继续升温至1000℃保温1 h,自然冷却后得到可磁分离光催化再生活性炭。
实施例1得到的可磁分离光催化再生活性炭的结构和性能见附图说明。
实施例2
一、将废弃山核桃蒲壳水洗干净烘干,然后用研磨机研磨过200目分子筛,在50℃下用NaOH浸泡5h,水洗至中性后过滤并在100℃下烘24 h以备用;二、将1 mmol 的MnCl2·4H2O、1 mmol的ZnCl2和4 mmol的FeCl3·6H2O溶于25 ml的蒸馏水和25 ml的乙醇的混合液中,配制成含Mn2+:Zn2+ :Fe3+摩尔比为1:1:4的混合金属溶液A,将1 mmol的ZnCl2溶于25 ml的蒸馏水中得到溶液B;三、将步骤一得到的样品浸渍于混合金属盐溶液A中搅拌5 h后,加入一定量的NaOH继续搅拌2 h,然后逐滴加入溶液B,在60℃恒温下将混合物搅拌至完全干燥;四、将步骤三的样品置于管式炉中升温至300 ℃保温2 h后通入氮气继续升温至800 ℃保温2 h,自然冷却后得到可磁分离光催化再生活性炭。
实施例2加入步骤一得到的样品摩尔质量是实施例1的2倍。实施例2得到的可磁分离光催化再生活性炭的饱和磁化强度为2.16 emu/g,在外磁场下可磁分离;实施例2得到的可磁分离光催化再生活性炭吸附环丙沙星抗生素,在紫外光再生12 h后,经过4次循环活性炭对环丙沙星抗生素的降解率为68%。
对比例1
对比例1与实施例1的不同点是步骤二没有配置混合金属溶液A,其他条件与实施例1相同,具体步骤为:
一、将废弃山核桃蒲壳水洗干净烘干,然后用研磨机研磨过200目分子筛,在50℃下用NaOH浸泡5h,水洗至中性后过滤并在100℃下烘24 h以备用;二、将1 mmol的ZnCl2溶于25 ml的蒸馏水中得到溶液B;三、将步骤一得到的样品浸渍于一定量的NaOH搅拌2 h,然后逐滴加入溶液B,在60℃恒温下将混合物搅拌至完全干燥;四、将步骤三的样品置于管式炉中升温至400 ℃保温1 h后通入氮气继续升温至1000 ℃保温1 h,自然冷却后得到活性炭。
对比例1得到的活性炭在外磁场下不可磁分离;对比例1得到的活性炭吸附环丙沙星抗生素,在紫外光再生12 h后,经过4次循环活性炭对环丙沙星抗生素的降解率为56%。
对比例2
对比例2与实施例1的不同点是步骤二没有配置溶液B,其他条件与实施例1相同,具体步骤为:
一、将废弃山核桃蒲壳水洗干净烘干,然后用研磨机研磨过200目分子筛,在50℃下用NaOH浸泡5h,水洗至中性后过滤并在100℃下烘24 h以备用;二、将1 mmol 的MnCl2·4H2O、1 mmol的ZnCl2和4 mmol的FeCl3·6H2O溶于25 ml的蒸馏水和25 ml的乙醇的混合液中,配制成含Mn2+:Zn2+ :Fe3+摩尔比为1:1:4的混合金属溶液A;三、将步骤一得到的样品浸渍于混合金属盐溶液A中搅拌5 h后,加入一定量的NaOH继续搅拌2 h,在60℃恒温下将混合物搅拌至完全干燥;四、将步骤三的样品置于管式炉中升温至400 ℃保温1 h后通入氮气继续升温至1000 ℃保温1 h,自然冷却后得到可磁分离光催化再生活性炭。
对比例2得到的活性炭的饱和磁化强度为4.04 emu/g,在外磁场下可磁分离;对比例2得到的活性炭吸附环丙沙星抗生素,在紫外光再生12 h后,经过4次循环活性炭对环丙沙星抗生素的降解率为35%。
Claims (1)
1.一种可磁分离光催化再生活性炭,其特征在于,所述的活性炭为锰锌铁氧体/氧化锌/活性炭复合材料,具体包括以下制备步骤:一、将废弃山核桃蒲壳水洗干净烘干,然后用研磨机研磨过200目分子筛,在50℃下用NaOH浸泡5h,水洗至中性后过滤并在100℃下烘24h以备用;二、将MnCl2·4H2O、ZnCl2和FeCl3·6H2O溶于蒸馏水和乙醇的混合液中,配制成含Mn2+:Zn2+ :Fe3+摩尔比为1:1:4的混合金属溶液A,将ZnCl2溶于蒸馏水中得到溶液B;三、将步骤一得到的样品浸渍于混合金属盐溶液A中搅拌5 h后,加入一定量的NaOH继续搅拌2 h,然后逐滴加入溶液B,在60℃恒温下将混合物搅拌至完全干燥;四、将步骤三的样品置于管式炉中升温至300~400 ℃保温1~2 h后通入氮气继续升温至800~1000 ℃保温1~2 h,自然冷却后得到可磁分离光催化再生活性炭。
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