CN112844353A - 一种生物质碳/金属复合光催化材料的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种生物质碳/金属复合光催化材料的制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及吸附催化双功能材料技术领域,提供了一种生物质碳/金属复合光催化材料的制备方法及应用。具体包括以下步骤:步骤1、处理农林废弃物;步骤2、制备生物质碳;步骤3、制备生物质碳/金属复合光催化材料。该材料可用于制药废水中抗生物药物的降解。本发明利用生物质碳的高吸附性和优良的导电性,将其与过渡金属氧化物复合,实现对抗生素药物的高效降解,具有制备工艺简单,降解效率高等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及吸附催化双功能材料技术领域,具体为一种生物质碳/金属复合光催化材料的制备方法及应用。
背景技术
生物质碳是一种以生物质为原料,在限氧条件下经高温碳化制备得到的固体材料。一方面,生物质碳原料来源广泛,能够较好地利用人类活动产生的废弃生物质,从而减少对环境的污染;另一方面,相对于利用煤、石油等化石资源生产的传统碳材料,生物质碳的应用能够缓解部分能源危机问题[1]。
光催化技术是近年迅速发展起来的,可以将太阳能转化为化学能,并进行环境净化的一种高级氧化技术,具有清洁无污染、反应条件温和、成本低等优点[2]。光催化技术是以光催化剂为基础,多数的光催化剂是半导体金属氧化物,但由于存在太阳能利用效率较低,以及电子~空穴复合效率较高导致光催化活性低的问题,限制了金属氧化物光催化剂的实际应用。
而生物质碳具有杰出的导电能力,将其与金属氧化物复合,能够提高光生载流子的传输和分离效率,从而提高光催化活性。其次还可以扩大光吸收范围,提高光催化剂对太阳能的利用效率。另外,生物质碳孔结构发达,比表面积大,吸附位点众多,因此能够显著提高光催化剂的吸附性能。
近年来复合光催化材料在降解有机污染物、处理污水、产生氢气等方面展现出了广阔的应用前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种生物质碳/金属复合光催化材料的制备方法及应用,通过将酸与农林废弃物混合后浸渍,经高温碳化得到生物质碳,再浸渍过渡金属氧化物的方法制备得到具有吸附催化双功能的复合光催化材料,然后将其应用于制药废水中抗生素药物的降解。具有无污染,可循环利用,制备过程简单,操作方便的优点,有望实现大规模工业化应用。
本发明提供了一种生物质碳/金属复合光催化材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、处理农林废弃物:
用水洗涤农林废弃物,除去表面的灰尘和泥垢,再用去离子水洗涤,于80~110℃下干燥1~5h,然后将其置于粉碎机中粉碎,筛取40~60目粒径的粉末备用;
步骤2、制备生物质碳:
取一定量上述粉末与酸混合后浸渍,其中粉末与酸的用量比为3~9g∶9~27mL,然后放入马弗炉内焙烧2~6h,温度为400~700℃,得到黑色块状固体,研磨,得到黑色细小颗粒状的生物质碳。
步骤3、制备生物质碳/金属复合光催化材料:
取一定量过渡金属氧化物放在装有去离子水的小烧杯中,其中过渡金属氧化物溶液与生物质碳的用量比为5~25mL∶400~600mg,再于50~80℃下加热搅拌溶解,配置成浓度为0.1~4.5mol/L的溶液,然后与步骤2所得的生物质碳混合,于30~60℃下加热搅拌1~4h后得到浑浊溶液;接着进行水洗离心处理,离心机转速为1500~4500rpm,离心时间为5~15min;将离心得到的沉淀物用去离子水冲洗2~6次,然后将沉淀物于80~120℃下干燥1~4h,得到生物质碳/金属复合光催化材料。
步骤1中所述的农林废弃物为小麦秸秆、油菜秸秆、玉米秸秆、大豆秸秆中的一种。
步骤2中所述的酸为磷酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、草酸中的一种。
步骤3中所述的过渡金属氧化物为氧化锌、氧化铁、氧化铜、二氧化钛中的一种。
本发明所述的方法制备的复合光催化材料应用于降解抗生素药物。其方法为:
将步骤3中得到的复合光催化材料与抗生素药物溶液混合,置于锥形瓶中,用锡纸包裹,避光搅拌10~60min。其中复合光催化材料与抗生素药物溶液的用量比为20~70mg∶20~70mL;抗生素药物溶液浓度为20~80mg/L。达到吸附平衡后取下锡纸,将锥形瓶置于模拟可见光源下反应0.5~24h,实现抗生素药物的深度降解。
所述的抗生物药物为青霉素、阿莫西林、四环素、环丙沙星中的一种。
本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明以农林废弃物为原料制备生物质碳,具有原料易得,成本低廉的特点,避免了资源浪费,减少了环境污染。
(2)本发明所提供的方法得到的复合光催化材料光催化活性高,对抗生素药物的降解效果好,光反应60min后对阿莫西林的降解率可达98%。
(3)本发明所提供的方法简单高效,操作方便,易于工业化生产。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的复合光催化材料的扫描电镜照片。
图2为实施例1制备的复合光催化材料降解阿莫西林的结果图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例来详述本发明的技术特点,但不能以此来限制本发明的保护范围。
实施例1:
一种生物质碳/金属复合光催化材料的制备方法:
步骤1、处理小麦秸秆:
用水洗涤小麦秸秆,除去表面的灰尘和泥垢,再用去离子水洗涤,于80℃下干燥1h。然后将其置于粉碎机中粉碎,筛取40目粒径的粉末备用。
步骤2、制备生物质碳:
取6g上述粉末与18mL磷酸混合后浸渍,放入马弗炉内焙烧4h,温度为600℃。得到黑色块状固体,研磨,得到黑色细小颗粒状生物质碳。
步骤3、制备生物质碳/金属复合光催化材料:
取0.6106g氧化锌放在装有15mL去离子水的小烧杯中,于75℃下加热搅拌溶解,配置成浓度为0.5mol/L的溶液,然后加入500mg步骤2所得的生物质碳,于56℃下加热搅拌2h后得到浑浊溶液;接着进行水洗离心处理,离心机转速为3000rpm,离心时间为5min;将离心得到的沉淀物用去离子水冲洗2次,然后将沉淀物于100℃下干燥1h,得到生物质碳/金属复合光催化材料。
将本实施例制备的复合光催化材料应用于降解阿莫西林,其方法为:
将50mg步骤3得到的复合光催化材料与50mL浓度为60mg/L的阿莫西林溶液混合,置于锥形瓶中,用锡纸包裹,避光搅拌30min。达到吸附平衡后取下锡纸,将锥形瓶置于模拟可见光源下反应1h,实现阿莫西林的深度降解。
结果表明:图1为该材料的扫描电镜照片,从图中可以看出,生物质碳呈片状结构,负载的金属呈颗粒状结构。图2可见该材料在90min内对60mg/L的阿莫西林溶液的降解率为98.11%。
实施例2:
步骤1、处理玉米秸秆:
用水洗涤玉米秸秆,除去表面的灰尘和泥垢,再用去离子水洗涤,于100℃下干燥2h。然后将其置于粉碎机中粉碎,筛取50目粒径的粉末备用。
步骤2、制备生物质碳:
取6g上述粉末与18mL草酸混合后浸渍,放入马弗炉内焙烧2h,温度为500℃。得到黑色块状固体,研磨,得到黑色细小颗粒状生物质碳。
步骤3、制备生物质碳/金属复合光催化材料:
取0.1193g氧化铜放在装有15mL去离子水的小烧杯中,于50℃下加热搅拌溶解,配置成浓度为0.1mol/L的溶液,然后加入500mg步骤2所得的生物质碳,于30℃下加热搅拌2h后得到浑浊溶液;接着进行水洗离心处理,离心机转速为3500rpm,离心时间为10min;将离心得到的沉淀物用去离子水冲洗3次,然后将沉淀物于100℃下干燥2h,得到生物质碳/金属复合光催化材料。
将本实施例制备的复合光催化材料应用于降解环丙沙星,其方法为:
将50mg步骤3得到的复合光催化材料与50mL浓度为20mg/L的环丙沙星溶液混合,置于锥形瓶中,用锡纸包裹,避光搅拌30min。达到吸附平衡后取下锡纸,将锥形瓶置于模拟可见光源下反应1h,实现环丙沙星的深度降解。
结果表明:该材料在90min内对20mg/L的环丙沙星溶液的降解率为83.12%。
实施例3:
步骤1、处理大豆秸秆:
用水洗涤大豆秸秆,除去表面的灰尘和泥垢,再用去离子水洗涤,于80℃下干燥1h。然后将其置于粉碎机中粉碎,筛取60目粒径的粉末备用。
步骤2、制备生物质碳:
取6g上述粉末与18mL柠檬酸混合后浸渍,放入马弗炉内焙烧6h,温度为700℃。得到黑色块状固体,研磨,得到黑色细小颗粒状生物质碳。
步骤3、制备生物质碳/金属复合光催化材料:
取2.9951g二氧化钛放在装有15mL去离子水的小烧杯中,在80℃下加热搅拌溶解,配置成浓度为2.5mol/L的溶液,然后加入500mg步骤2所得的生物质碳,在30℃下加热搅拌2h后得到浑浊溶液;接着进行水洗离心处理,离心机转速为3000rpm,离心时间为15min;将离心得到的沉淀物用去离子水冲洗3次,然后将沉淀物于100℃下干燥2h,得到生物质碳/金属复合光催化材料。
将本实施例制备的复合光催化材料应用于降解四环素,其方法为:
将50mg步骤3得到的复合光催化材料与50mL浓度为80mg/L的四环素溶液混合,置于锥形瓶中,用锡纸包裹,避光搅拌30min。达到吸附平衡后取下锡纸,将锥形瓶置于模拟可见光源下反应1h,实现四环素的深度降解。
结果表明:该材料在90min内对80mg/L的四环素溶液的降解率为94.74%。
本发明中[]内的数字分别相应地表示如下参考文献。这些文献的全部内容都全文引入本发明作为本发明说明书中的一部分。
[1]刘波.生物质炭/TiO2复合材料的制备及性能研究[D].北京林业大学,2017.
[2]梁兰兰.铋系半导体光催化剂的制备及其对水中痕量药物卡马西平的降解特性研究[D].长安大学,2019.
Claims (6)
1.一种生物质碳/金属复合光催化材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、处理农林废弃物:
用水洗涤农林废弃物,除去表面的灰尘和泥垢,再用去离子水洗涤,于80~110℃下干燥1~5h,然后将其置于粉碎机中粉碎,筛取40~60目粒径的粉末备用;
步骤2、制备生物质碳:
取一定量上述粉末与酸混合后浸渍,其中粉末与酸的用量比为3~9g∶9~27mL,然后放入马弗炉内焙烧2~6h,温度为400~700℃,得到黑色块状固体,研磨,得到黑色细小颗粒状的生物质碳;
步骤3、制备生物质碳/金属复合光催化材料:
取一定量过渡金属氧化物放在装有去离子水的小烧杯中,其中过渡金属氧化物溶液与生物质碳的用量比为5~25mL∶400~600mg,再于50~80℃下加热搅拌溶解,配置成浓度为0.1~4.5mol/L的溶液,然后与步骤2所得的生物质碳混合,于30~60℃下加热搅拌1~4h后得到浑浊溶液;接着进行水洗离心处理,离心机转速为1500~4500rpm,离心时间为5~15min;将离心得到的沉淀物用去离子水冲洗2~6次,然后将沉淀物于80~120℃下干燥1~4h,得到生物质碳/金属复合光催化材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的,其特征在于,步骤1中所述农林废弃物为小麦秸秆、油菜秸秆、玉米秸秆、大豆秸秆中的一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的,其特征在于,步骤2中所述酸为磷酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、草酸中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的,其特征在于,步骤3中所述过渡金属氧化物为氧化锌、氧化铁、氧化铜、二氧化钛中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1~4任意一项所述的方法制备的复合光催化材料用于降解抗生物药物,其特征在于,将复合光催化材料与抗生素药物溶液混合,置于锥形瓶中,用锡纸包裹,避光搅拌10~60min;其中复合光催化材料与抗生素药物溶液的用量比为20~70mg∶20~70mL;抗生素药物溶液浓度为20~80mg/L;达到吸附平衡后取下锡纸,将锥形瓶置于模拟可见光源下反应0.5~24h,实现抗生素药物的深度降解。
6.根据权利要求5所述的抗生物药物为青霉素、阿莫西林、四环素、环丙沙星中的一种。
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