CN114892832A - Solar-driven passive ventilation interlayer humidity-adjusting and dehumidifying structure - Google Patents
Solar-driven passive ventilation interlayer humidity-adjusting and dehumidifying structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN114892832A CN114892832A CN202210472098.5A CN202210472098A CN114892832A CN 114892832 A CN114892832 A CN 114892832A CN 202210472098 A CN202210472098 A CN 202210472098A CN 114892832 A CN114892832 A CN 114892832A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/70—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents
- E04B1/7069—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents by ventilating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
- F24F11/72—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure
- F24F11/74—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity
- F24F11/77—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the supply of treated air, e.g. its pressure for controlling air flow rate or air velocity by controlling the speed of ventilators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
- F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F7/00—Ventilation
- F24F7/007—Ventilation with forced flow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
- F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
- F24F2003/144—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by dehumidification only
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2110/00—Control inputs relating to air properties
- F24F2110/20—Humidity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a solar-driven passive ventilation interlayer humidity-conditioning and dehumidifying structure which comprises an outer wall, a middle air channel and an inner wall, wherein the outer wall comprises a building block (8) and a photovoltaic panel (7) arranged on the upper part of the building block; the inner wall comprises a humidity-adjusting inner material (4); the air layer (5) is formed between the outer wall and the inner wall, the air pipe (2) is arranged at the top of the air layer (5), the end of the air pipe (2) is provided with an upper shutter air port (1), and the bottom of the outer wall is also provided with a lower shutter air port (10) communicated with the air layer (5). Compared with the prior art, the solar chimney and the humidifying inner material are combined, the technology has sustainability and technical complementation, and the power generation efficiency of the solar panel can be improved, and the moisture absorption and desorption performance of the humidifying inner material can also be improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a composite solar power generation and humidity regulation and dehumidification type wall structure, and belongs to the field of indoor humidity environment passive regulation and renewable energy utilization in the technical field of buildings.
Background
With the change of energy and environment, clean energy such as solar energy is rapidly developing, building integrated photovoltaic is a technology for integrating solar power (photovoltaic) products into buildings, and the technology has the advantages of environmental protection, energy conservation and capability of meeting the requirements of building assembly type design and construction. However, many researches show that the photovoltaic system can not radiate heat timely, and the working temperature of the surface of the photovoltaic cell panel is too high, so that the conversion efficiency of the system is reduced. The natural convection circulation cooling is to cool the photovoltaic cell panel by utilizing natural convection of air, the power output efficiency is increased along with the increase of the wind speed, and related researches show that the power output efficiency can be improved by 11.8 percent on average.
The indoor humidity can be passively adjusted by utilizing the humidity-adjusting internal material, and the indoor humidity can be controlled to be between 40 and 60 percent by utilizing the high-performance humidity-adjusting internal material under certain climatic conditions. As patent application CN202010257914.1 discloses an air interlayer dehumidification wall structure, including outer wall body, middle air bed passageway, still include the internal surface humidifying material of inlayer, outer wall body, middle air bed passageway and internal surface humidifying material bottom are equipped with air duct, and the top is equipped with the power ventilator, the air duct both sides be interior controllable tripe air inlet unit and outer controllable tripe air inlet unit. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the characteristics of miniaturization, modularization, flexibility and high efficiency, and has good market development prospect under the current large background that the energy-saving development of buildings is emphasized.
However, the indoor moisture has seasonal characteristics, and the moisture release process of the porous humidity-controlled interior material is hindered in high-humidity climates, and researches show that the moisture absorption and release capacity of the interior material can be improved by increasing the surface wind speed, but a power ventilator needs to be arranged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides the renewable solar-driven passive ventilation interlayer humidity-conditioning and dehumidifying structure which is simple in structure, reduces energy consumption and can be driven by solar energy, and can solve the problems of overhigh surface temperature of the existing photovoltaic panel and moisture absorption saturation of humidity-conditioning interior materials.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: a solar-driven passive ventilation interlayer humidity-conditioning and dehumidifying structure comprises an outer wall, a middle air channel and an inner wall, wherein the outer wall comprises building blocks and a photovoltaic panel arranged on the upper part of the building blocks;
the inner wall comprises a humidity-adjusting inner material;
an air layer is formed between the outer wall and the inner wall, an air pipe is arranged at the top of the air layer, an upper louver air port is arranged at the end of the air pipe, and a lower louver air port communicated with the air layer is also arranged at the bottom of the outer wall.
Further, the photovoltaic plate is installed at 1m above the bottom of the building block to the high position of the roof, and the laying area is set according to the power demand of the building.
Further, the back of the photovoltaic panel faces the air layer.
The width of the air layer is 50-150mm, and the height is not less than 3 m.
Furthermore, the air layer is communicated with the air channel on the roof through an air pipe.
Furthermore, the outer surface of the air pipe is coated with black heat-absorbing inner materials, the angle of the elbow is 45-90 degrees, and the opening faces downwards.
Furthermore, insect-proof nets are arranged on the upper louver air inlet and the lower louver air inlet, and a drying agent is placed in the lower louver air inlet in summer and is replaced every 1-2 months.
Furthermore, the upper louver air inlet and the lower louver air inlet are respectively provided with a controller for controlling the opening and closing of the upper louver air inlet and the lower louver air inlet, and the upper louver air inlet and the lower louver air inlet are closed at night in sunny days, opened in daytime and closed all day long in rainy days.
Furthermore, the moisture absorption and release performance of the humidity-adjusting interior material meets the requirement that the moisture absorption amount exceeds 30g/m within 12 hours under the gradient of 50% -75% or 53% -75% in a middle-humidity area 2 The moisture releasing amount is not less than 70% of the moisture absorbing amount.
Furthermore, the thickness of the humidity-adjusting interior material is 10-50 mm;
further, the building blocks are foam concrete or other light porous building blocks.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the characteristics and advantages that:
1) according to the invention, the air interlayer is added between the photovoltaic panel and the humidity-regulating interior material, hot-pressing ventilation is generated by utilizing the solar chimney effect, and air flow in the air interlayer can reduce the surface temperature of the photovoltaic panel, improve the power generation efficiency, improve the moisture release amount of the humidity-regulating interior material during the day and enhance the humidity regulating effect of the humidity-regulating interior material on indoor air all day.
2) Compared with the existing ventilation dehumidification structural layer, the invention reduces the energy consumption of the regeneration of the humidity-conditioning interior material and enhances the regeneration rate of the humidity-conditioning interior material. The invention combines the photovoltaic power generation technology, utilizes the solar chimney effect, forms the upper and lower pressure difference in the air channel under the action of the air temperature difference, and generates hot-pressing ventilation. In addition, experiments and documents prove that the mass transfer is facilitated by the increase of the temperature, so that the mass transfer in the air channel heated by the solar energy is improved, and the regeneration rate of the internal humidity-conditioning material is increased.
3) Compared with the prior photovoltaic power generation technology, the invention combines two problems of overhigh temperature of the photovoltaic panel and difficult regeneration of the humidity-adjusting internal material in high-humidity seasons in the south, systematically compensates the two technical problems, can reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic panel, improve the power generation efficiency, promote the regeneration of the humidity-adjusting internal material and realize indoor passive dehumidification.
4) The structure of the invention simultaneously has the functions of wet buffering, dehumidification, energy conservation and capacity generation, and aims to combine solar photovoltaic power generation with the humidity-conditioning dehumidification type outer wall member and solve the problems of low efficiency of overhigh temperature on the back surface of the solar cell panel and difficult regeneration of humidity-conditioning interior materials.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the humidity control mode of the present invention;
the labels in the figure are: 1-upper louver air port, 2-air pipe, 3-roof, 4-humidity-adjusting internal material, 5-air layer, 6-drying agent, 7-photovoltaic plate, 8-building block, 9-cross beam and 10-lower louver air port.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
The humidity-controlling interior material used in the present invention is a commercially available material or a material prepared by a method reported in a conventional publication, and is, for example, a metal-organic framework composite humidity-controlling interior material obtained by a method disclosed in patent application CN 202110597448.6.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the solar-driven ventilation interlayer humidity-conditioning and dehumidifying structure comprises an outer wall, an air channel and an inner wall, wherein the outer wall comprises building blocks 8 and a photovoltaic panel 7 mounted on the upper part of the building blocks; the inner wall comprises a humidity-adjusting inner material 4; an air layer 5 is formed between the outer wall and the inner wall, an air pipe 2 is arranged at the top of the air layer 5, an upper louver opening 1 is arranged at the end of the air pipe 2, a lower louver opening 10 communicated with the air layer 5 is further arranged at the bottom of the outer wall, namely a cross beam 9 is arranged at the bottom of the building block 8, and the lower louver opening 10 is arranged on the cross beam 9.
The photovoltaic panel 7 is an amorphous silicon photovoltaic module, and the size is 1400mm × 1100 mm. The back of the photovoltaic plate 7 faces the air layer 5, the photovoltaic plate 7 is installed at the height from 1m above the bottom of the building block 8 to the roof, and the laying area is set according to the demand of electric quantity for building. The block 8 is a foam concrete or other lightweight porous block.
The width of the air layer 5 is 50-150mm, and the height is not less than 3m, in this embodiment, the thickness of the air layer 5 is 115mm, and the height of the air layer 5 is 4m, and the width is 1.1 m. The air layer 5 is communicated with the air channel on the roof through the air pipe 2. The outer surface of the air pipe 2 is coated with black heat-absorbing inner materials, the angle of the elbow is 45-90 degrees, and the opening faces downwards. In this embodiment, the outer surface of the air pipe 2 is coated with black heat absorption inner material, the angle of the elbow is 90 degrees, and the opening faces downwards.
The moisture absorption and release performance of the humidity-adjusting interior material 4 meets the requirement that the moisture absorption amount exceeds 30g/m within 12 hours under the gradient of 50-75% or 53-75% in the middle-humidity area 2 The moisture releasing amount is not less than 70% of the moisture absorbing amount. In the present example, the humidity control interior material 4 was a metal-organic framework composite humidity control interior material in which 10% MIL-100(Fe), 70% diatom ooze, and 20% zeolite were arranged, and the thickness of the humidity control interior material was 10 to 20mm, in the present example 20 mm. The used metal organic frame composite humidity-adjusting internal material is subjected to a moisture absorption and release experiment for 12 hours 70 percent and 12 hours 30 percent under the condition of 23 ℃ and no wind, and the measured actual value of the wet buffering is 0.816g/m 2 ·%RH。
The upper louver air inlet 1 and the lower louver air inlet 10 are both provided with insect-proof nets, the lower louver air inlet 10 is used for placing the drying agent 6 in summer, and the drying agent 6 is replaced every 1-2 months. The upper louver air inlet 1 and the lower louver air inlet 10 are respectively provided with a controller for controlling the opening and closing of the upper louver air inlet and the lower louver air inlet, and the upper louver air inlet and the lower louver air inlet are closed at night in clear weather, opened in the daytime and closed all day long in rainy days. The diameter of the upper louver opening is 160mm, and the size of the lower louver opening is 200mm multiplied by 200 mm. In sunny weather, the upper and lower louver air openings are closed at night, opened in the daytime and closed all day long in rainy days.
When the air drying device is used in summer, the drying agent is placed at the position of the lower louver air opening 10, so that the relative humidity in the air channel reaches 30%, and the drying agent is replaced once every 1 month. The heat flow of solar radiation in summer is 800W/m 2 And when the outdoor environment temperature is 35 ℃, the air speed in the air channel is 0.41 m/s. At this wind speed, the convective mass transfer coefficient within the air interlayer was 0.001246 m/s. In summer, in a room without humidity control, the relative humidity is high, the humidity-adjusting internal material can adjust the indoor high-humidity environment through moisture absorption, when the humidity-adjusting internal material achieves the moisture absorption balance under the relative humidity of 75 percent, the air with the temperature of 35 ℃ and the air with the concentration of 30 percent passes through the flat plate of the humidity-adjusting internal material at the flow speed of 0.41m/s through calculation, and the dehumidification amount can reach 396.64g/m within 8 hours 2 。
Example 2:
referring to fig. 1, the wall structure includes a 1-upper louver tuyere2-air pipe, 3-roof, 4-humidity-adjusting internal material, 5-air layer, 6-drying agent, 7-photovoltaic plate, 8-building block, 9-beam and 10-lower louver air opening. The photovoltaic panel 7 adopts an amorphous silicon photovoltaic component, and the size is 1400mm multiplied by 1100 mm. The air layer 5 had a thickness of 115mm, a height of 54m and a width of 1.1 m. The outer surface of the roof is coated with black heat-absorbing inner materials by using the connecting air pipe 2, the angle of the elbow is 90 degrees, and the opening faces downwards. The indoor side humidity-conditioning interior material 4 is a metal organic framework composite humidity-conditioning interior material configured by 10% MIL-100(Fe), 70% diatom ooze and 20% zeolite, and the thickness of the humidity-conditioning interior material is 20 mm. The used metal organic frame composite humidity-adjusting internal material is subjected to a moisture absorption and release experiment for 12 hours 70 percent and 12 hours 30 percent under the condition of 23 ℃ and no wind, and the measured actual value of the wet buffering is 0.816g/m 2 ·%RH。
The diameter of the upper louver opening 1 is 160mm, and the size of the lower louver opening 10 is 200mm multiplied by 200 mm. In sunny weather, the upper and lower louver air openings are closed at night, opened in the daytime and closed all day long in rainy days.
When the air conditioner is used in winter, no drying agent or other articles are placed at the lower louver air inlet. The solar radiation heat flow in winter is 200W/m 2 And when the outdoor environment temperature is 5 ℃, the air speed in the air channel is 0.26 m/s. At this wind speed, the convective mass transfer coefficient within the air interlayer was 0.000852 m/s. In winter, in a room without humidity control, the relative humidity is low, the humidity-adjusting internal material can adjust the low-humidity environment in the room through dehumidification, when the humidity-adjusting internal material reaches the dehumidification balance under the relative humidity of 30 percent, the calculation shows that the air with the temperature of 5 ℃ and the air with the concentration of 75 percent passes through a flat plate of the humidity-adjusting internal material at the flow speed of 0.26m/s in an air channel, and the moisture absorption capacity of the humidity-adjusting internal material can reach 41.59g/m within 8 hours 2 。
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A solar driven passive ventilation interlayer humidity-conditioning and dehumidifying structure comprises an outer wall, a middle air channel and an inner wall, and is characterized in that the outer wall comprises building blocks (8) and photovoltaic panels (7) arranged on the upper portions of the building blocks;
the inner wall comprises a humidity-adjusting inner material (4);
the air layer (5) is formed between the outer wall and the inner wall, the air pipe (2) is arranged at the top of the air layer (5), the end of the air pipe (2) is provided with an upper shutter air port (1), and the bottom of the outer wall is also provided with a lower shutter air port (10) communicated with the air layer (5).
2. The solar-driven passive ventilation interlayer humidity conditioning and dehumidifying structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the photovoltaic panel (7) is installed 1m above the bottom of the building block (8) to a high position on a roof, and the laying area is set according to the demand of power consumption of a building.
3. The solar-driven passive ventilation interlayer humidity conditioning and dehumidifying structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the photovoltaic panel (7) is faced with an air layer (5) on the back side.
4. The solar-driven passive ventilation interlayer humidity-conditioning and dehumidifying structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the air layer (5) has a width of 50-150mm and a height of not less than 3 m.
5. The structure of claim 1, wherein the air layer (5) is communicated with the air channel on the roof through an air pipe (2).
6. The solar-driven passive ventilation interlayer humidity-conditioning and dehumidifying structure as claimed in claim 5, wherein the outer surface of the air duct (2) is coated with black heat-absorbing inner material, the angle of the elbow is 45-90 degrees, and the opening faces downwards.
7. The solar-driven passive ventilation interlayer humidity-conditioning and dehumidifying structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein insect-proof nets are arranged on the upper louver opening (1) and the lower louver opening (10), and the desiccant (6) is placed in the lower louver opening (10) in summer and replaced every 1-2 months.
8. The structure of claim 1, wherein the upper louver opening (1) and the lower louver opening (10) are provided with controllers for controlling the opening and closing of the upper louver opening and the lower louver opening, and the upper louver opening and the lower louver opening are closed at night, opened during the daytime and closed all day long in rainy days in clear weather.
9. The solar-powered passive ventilation interlayer humidity-controlling and dehumidifying structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the humidity-controlling interior material (4) has a moisture absorption capacity of more than 30g/m within 12 hours under a gradient of 50% -75% or 53% -75% in a middle humidity range 2 The moisture releasing amount is not less than 70% of the moisture absorbing amount.
10. The solar-powered passive ventilation interlayer humidity-controlling and dehumidifying structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the humidity-controlling interior material (4) has a thickness of 10-20 mm;
the building blocks (8) are foam concrete or other light porous building blocks.
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CN114396666A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-04-26 | 上海交通大学 | Solar-driven indoor humidity control device |
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CN114396666A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-04-26 | 上海交通大学 | Solar-driven indoor humidity control device |
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