CN114875268A - 一种铝合金棒材及其生产工艺 - Google Patents
一种铝合金棒材及其生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- -1 magnesium-silicon-copper-silicon Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- GCOWTRMQPXDRQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg].[Cu].[Zn] Chemical compound [Mg].[Cu].[Zn] GCOWTRMQPXDRQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- PGTXKIZLOWULDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg].[Zn] Chemical compound [Mg].[Zn] PGTXKIZLOWULDJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000219823 Medicago Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000017587 Medicago sativa ssp. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- MKPXGEVFQSIKGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Mg].[Si] Chemical compound [Mg].[Si] MKPXGEVFQSIKGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000215068 Acacia senegal Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HRZLEAFPDNDVAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;naphthalene;oxolane Chemical compound [Li].C1CCOC1.C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 HRZLEAFPDNDVAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003760 magnetic stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Substances C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018569 Al—Zn—Mg—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;zinc Chemical compound [Zn].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O ZOIORXHNWRGPMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006286 aqueous extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004246 zinc acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及铝合金技术领域，且公开了一种铝合金棒材及其生产工艺，包括：制备镁‑硅‑铜‑硅多层包覆结构的合金粉末，将镁‑硅‑铜‑硅多层包覆结构的合金粉末和铝粉一起进行机械球磨，制备得到固溶有镁‑锌‑铜‑氧化铝多层包覆结构的铝合金粉末；以固溶有镁‑锌‑铜‑氧化铝多层包覆结构的铝合金粉末为原料制备铝合金棒材，该铝合金棒材在宏观上和微观上均实现了组织均匀，有效解决了成分偏析、显微组织粗大的问题；并且绝缘性能优异的纳米氧化铝层能够有效阻隔铝与其他强化合金之间电池回路的腐蚀活性通道，从而降低了应力腐蚀的敏感性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及铝合金技术领域，具体为一种铝合金棒材及其生产工艺。
背景技术
Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系铝合金属于超高强铝合金，因其高强度、高硬度、高韧性和低密度而广泛用于航天航空以及民用工业等诸多领域，但是随着合金中Zn、Mg等元素的添加，会使得材料在获得较高强度的情况下，出现严重的应力腐蚀倾向，并且Zn、Mg等元素的添加也容易造成合金晶粒粗大，宏观偏析严重的问题。
发明内容
(一)解决的技术问题
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供一种铝合金棒材及其生产工艺。
(二)技术方案
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案∶
一种铝合金棒材的生产工艺，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1，制备纳米镁粒子，在该纳米镁粒子上包覆纳米锌粒子，得到镁-锌复合纳米粒子；
步骤S2，在镁-锌复合纳米粒子上包覆纳米铜粒子，得到镁-锌-铜复合纳米粒子；
步骤S3，在镁-锌-铜复合纳米粒子上包覆纳米氧化铝粒子，得到镁-锌-铜-氧化铝复合纳米粒子；
步骤S4，将镁-锌-铜-氧化铝复合纳米粒子进行烧结除杂质处理，得到镁-硅-铜-硅多层包覆结构的合金粉末；
步骤S5，将铝粉与镁-硅-铜-硅多层包覆结构的合金粉末以(8.8-9.2)∶(0.8-1.2)的质量比进行机械球磨，制备得到固溶有镁-锌-铜-氧化铝多层包覆结构的铝合金粉末；
步骤S6，将固溶有镁-锌-铜-氧化铝多层包覆结构的铝合金粉末制成坯料，熔炼温度控制在750℃，铸造温度控制在710℃，在410℃进行挤压，挤压成棒状材料。
优选的，所述步骤S1，纳米镁粒子的平均粒径≤100nm。
优选的，所述步骤S1，纳米锌粒子的平均粒径≤5nm。
优选的，所述步骤S2，纳米铜粒子的平均粒径≤10nm。
优选的，所述步骤S3，纳米氧化铝的平均粒径≤200nm。
(三)有益的技术效果
与现有技术相比，本发明具备以下有益的技术效果：
本发明：制备平均粒径≤100nm的纳米镁粒子，在该纳米镁粒子上包覆平均粒径≤5nm的纳米锌粒子，得到镁-锌复合纳米粒子；
在镁-锌复合纳米粒子上包覆平均粒径≤10nm的纳米铜粒子，得到镁-锌-铜复合纳米粒子；
在镁-锌-铜复合纳米粒子上包覆平均粒径≤200nm的纳米氧化铝，得到镁-锌-铜-氧化铝复合纳米粒子；
将镁-锌-铜-氧化铝复合纳米粒子进行烧结除杂质处理，得到镁-硅-铜-硅多层包覆结构的合金粉末；
将镁-硅-铜-硅多层包覆结构的合金粉末和铝粉一起进行机械球磨，制备得到固溶有镁-锌-铜-氧化铝多层包覆结构的铝合金粉末；
以固溶有镁-锌-铜-氧化铝多层包覆结构的铝合金粉末为原料制备铝合金棒材，该铝合金棒材的抗拉强度达到了544.60MPa、屈服强度达到了531.07MPa、延伸率达到了18.7％，在浸泡80h时未出现应力腐蚀裂纹；
上述铝合金棒材在宏观上和微观上均实现了组织均匀，有效解决了成分偏析、显微组织粗大的问题；并且绝缘性能优异的纳米氧化铝层能够有效阻隔铝与其他强化合金之间电池回路的腐蚀活性通道，从而降低了应力腐蚀的敏感性。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
平均粒径≤200nm的纳米镁粒子的制备：
称取0.7g锂颗粒和13g萘置于100mL提纯后的THF中快速搅拌8h，得到萘锂四氢呋喃混合溶液；
称取3.8g无水氯化镁(MgCl2)加入到400mLTHF中加热搅拌溶解，待冷却至室温后，在搅拌作用下，将其逐滴滴加至萘锂四氢呋喃混合溶液中，待滴加完成后，搅拌1h后静置2h，经后处理得到平均粒径≤200nm的纳米镁粒子；
镁-硅复合纳米粒子的制备：
称取4g苜蓿干燥粉置于500mL锥形瓶中，加入200mL去离子水，然后滴加NH3-NH4Cl缓冲溶液，控制溶液pH＝4，置于超声波清洗器中超声60min，减压抽滤，抽滤液为苜蓿粉水提液；
在500mL锥形瓶中，加入30mL、0.3mol/L的乙酸锌水溶液、100mL的苜蓿粉水提液、0.22g平均粒径≤200nm的纳米镁粒子，摇匀，放入超声波清洗器超声1h，离心、丙酮提取、再离心、干燥、研磨，得到镁-硅复合纳米粒子；
镁-锌-铜复合纳米粒子的制备：
将0.9g的阿拉伯树胶和0.7g镁-硅复合纳米粒子，在磁力搅拌下慢慢溶解在30mL的蒸馏水中，得到阿拉伯树胶溶液，加入20mL的硫酸铜溶液(含硫酸铜0.45g)，并在磁力搅拌下搅拌10min后，加入4g的水合肼溶液，反应1h，离心分离、沉淀用乙醇和丙酮分别洗涤、真空下干燥得到镁-锌-铜复合纳米粒子；
镁-锌-铜-氧化铝复合纳米粒子的制备：
称取0.8g镁-锌-铜复合纳米粒子放入100mL去离子水中再加入20mL的乙醇，超声2h，在溶液中不断的通入氮气，加入0.03g平均粒径≤200nm的纳米氧化铝，继续超声2h，得到镁-锌-铜-氧化铝复合纳米粒子；
镁-硅-铜-硅多层包覆结构的合金粉末的制备：
将上述制备的镁-锌-铜-氧化铝复合纳米粒子放入超高速微波中，先对微波加热炉进行抽真空，然后通入氮气，排出里面的空气，将超高速微波加热炉升温至350℃，保温1h，然后在氮气气氛保护下冷却至室温镁-硅-铜-硅多层包覆结构的合金粉末；
铝合金粉末的制备：
将100μm的铝粉与镁-硅-铜-硅多层包覆结构的合金粉末以9∶1的质量比进行机械球磨，制备得到固溶有镁-锌-铜-氧化铝多层包覆结构的铝合金粉末；
铝合金棒材的制备：
将固溶有镁-锌-铜-氧化铝多层包覆结构的铝合金粉末制成坯料，预热到400℃，保温时间为4h，熔炼温度控制在750℃，铸造温度控制在710℃，在410℃进行挤压，挤压成直径为16mm的棒状材料。
实施例2：
将100μm的铝粉与镁-硅-铜-硅多层包覆结构的合金粉末以9.2∶0.8的质量比进行机械球磨，制备得到固溶有镁-锌-铜-氧化铝多层包覆结构的铝合金粉末；其余步骤参照实施例1。
实施例3：
将100μm的铝粉与镁-硅-铜-硅多层包覆结构的合金粉末以8.8∶1.2的质量比进行机械球磨，制备得到固溶有镁-锌-铜-氧化铝多层包覆结构的铝合金粉末；其余步骤参照实施例1。
对比例1：
铝合金棒材的制备：
将配料为2.2％镁-5.5％锌-1.6％铜-0.3％氧化铝的铝合金粉末制成坯料，预热到400℃，保温时间为4h，熔炼温度控制在750℃，铸造温度控制在710℃，在410℃进行挤压，挤压成直径为16mm的棒状材料。
性能测试：
一、根据GB/T228-2002《金属材料室温拉伸实验方法》，测试材料的力学性能；
二、根据HB5259-83《铝合金C环试样应力腐蚀试验方法》，测试材料的应力腐蚀性能；
其测试结果见下表1。
表1
Claims (6)
1.一种铝合金棒材的生产工艺，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤S1，制备纳米镁粒子，在该纳米镁粒子上包覆纳米锌粒子，得到镁-锌复合纳米粒子；
步骤S2，在镁-锌复合纳米粒子上包覆纳米铜粒子，得到镁-锌-铜复合纳米粒子；
步骤S3，在镁-锌-铜复合纳米粒子上包覆纳米氧化铝粒子，得到镁-锌-铜-氧化铝复合纳米粒子；
步骤S4，将镁-锌-铜-氧化铝复合纳米粒子进行烧结除杂质处理，得到镁-硅-铜-硅多层包覆结构的合金粉末；
步骤S5，将铝粉与镁-硅-铜-硅多层包覆结构的合金粉末以(8.8-9.2)∶(0.8-1.2)的质量比进行机械球磨，制备得到固溶有镁-锌-铜-氧化铝多层包覆结构的铝合金粉末；
步骤S6，将固溶有镁-锌-铜-氧化铝多层包覆结构的铝合金粉末制成坯料，熔炼温度控制在750℃，铸造温度控制在710℃，在410℃进行挤压，挤压成棒状材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种铝合金棒材的生产工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤S1，纳米镁粒子的平均粒径≤100nm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种铝合金棒材的生产工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤S1，纳米锌粒子的平均粒径≤5nm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种铝合金棒材的生产工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤S2，纳米铜粒子的平均粒径≤10nm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种铝合金棒材的生产工艺，其特征在于，所述步骤S3，纳米氧化铝的平均粒径≤200nm。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的铝合金棒材生产工艺制备的铝合金棒材。
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