CN114874430A - 一种离子型电池电解质用二苯乙炔类单体液晶及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种离子型电池电解质用二苯乙炔类单体液晶及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种离子型电池电解质用二苯乙炔类单体液晶及其制备方法,制备方法是先通过Sonogashira偶联反应制备包含二苯乙炔和聚醚结构的中间体,然后再通过进一步的反应引入碳酸乙烯酯基团。这类单体液晶用于离子电池电解质,能够克服传统液态电解质易泄露和固态电解质例子传输率低的缺点,综合他们之间的优点;同时分子结构中包含碳酸乙烯酯和聚醚结构,这些结构能够有效的传输锂钠等碱金属离子;而且结构中包含的二苯乙炔基团具有高电子云密度,能够形成分子之间的π电子堆积效应,形成更加规整的结构,进而能够提高电解质的离子传输效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及离子型电池电解质领域,具体涉及一种离子型电池电解质用二苯乙炔类单体液晶及其制备方法。
背景技术
传统液态电解质具有高的离子电导率和较宽的温度使用范围,但是由于其本身易泄漏、易燃,导致新型电解质的开发势在必行。然而对于无机固态电解质锂离子电池,关键的挑战依然存在,比如电极的体积变化、界面电荷转移电阻、灵活性和较差的循环稳定性等问题。有机聚合物固态电解质克服了无机固体电解质的这些局限性,具有良好的灵活性并且能与电极紧密接触,但是它们的电化学稳定窗口小、离子传输率(室温)差,也是目前阻碍其发展的原因。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明目的在于提供一种离子型电池电解质用二苯乙炔类单体液晶及其制备方法,具有良好的安全性、高能量密度、长时间的静态和动态稳定性。
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种离子型电池电解质用二苯乙炔类单体液晶,结构式为:
其中:R为C1-C12直链饱和烷基或C1-C12直链饱和酯基中的一种;n为2-5之间的整数;m为聚乙烯醇分子量范围,数值为100-1000。
一种离子型电池电解质用二苯乙炔类单体液晶的制备方法,离子型电池电解质用二苯乙炔类单体液晶的合成路线为:
其中:R为C1-C12直链饱和烷基或C1-C12直链饱和酯基中的一种;n为2-5之间的整数;m为聚乙烯醇分子量范围,数值为100-1000。
进一步,离子型电池电解质用二苯乙炔类单体液晶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
第一步,将0.1mol原料A溶于100mL四氢呋喃(THF)和100mL三乙胺(TEA)的混合溶剂中,置于反应器中通惰性气体保护,然后加入0.1-0.2mol原料R基苯乙炔,反应温度控制在60-100℃,加入0.1-0.3g双三苯基膦二氯化钯(Pdcl2(PPh3)2)和0.2-0.6g碘化亚铜(CuI)作为催化剂,在惰性气体保护下反应15-20h;停止反应后,减压蒸馏除,获得化合物B;
第二步,将0.05mol化合物B和0.07mol三苯基膦(PPh3)溶解在50mL THF溶液中,搅拌降温至-1-10℃,加入0.06-0.10mol化合物C,在搅拌条件下缓慢加入0.07mol偶氮二甲酸二乙酯(DEAD),缓慢升至室温后继续反应10-15h;然后减压蒸除反应溶剂THF,在残余体系中加入50mL环己烷,过滤除去不溶的三苯基膦;再次减压蒸除环己烷,加入50mL 95%乙醇,搅拌溶解后,加入0.06-0.10mol对甲苯磺酸一水合物,在室温条件下反应3h,反应完成后,蒸除反应溶剂,获得化合物D;
第三步,将0.01mol化合物D,1-3g KF和1-3g Al2O3溶解于40mL碳酸二乙酯中,升温至120-160℃反应4-8h,反应完成后加入500mL CHCl3稀释反应物,过滤除去不溶的KF和Al2O3后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂CHCl3,获得粗产物,粗产物使用柱色谱纯化后得目标产物E。
进一步,所述第三步柱色谱纯化时,采用的洗脱液与环己烷/CHCl3的体积比为=1:1。
本发明具有如下优点:
本发明离子型电池电解质用二苯乙炔类单体液晶,在单体液晶分子结构中引入聚醚和碳酸亚乙酯结构,通过液晶材料的自组装,能够形成有效的电池离子传输通道。在涉及的单体液晶分子结构中引入二苯乙炔基团,由于π电子的堆积作用,增加了液晶分子之间的有序排列,使得液晶分子聚集状态更加倾向于单畴,帮助形成的离子通道排列更加规整,进而产生更有效的离子传输。
本发明的离子型电池电解质用二苯乙炔类单体液晶制备方法,通过Sonogashira偶联反应制备包含二苯乙炔和聚醚结构的中间体,然后再通过进一步的反应引入碳酸乙烯酯基团,这类单体液晶用于离子电池电解质,能够克服传统液态电解质易泄露和固态电解质例子传输率低的缺点,综合他们之间的优点;同时分子结构中包含碳酸乙烯酯和聚醚结构,这些结构能够有效的传输锂钠等碱金属离子;而且结构中包含的二苯乙炔基团具有高电子云密度,能够形成分子之间的π电子堆积效应,形成更加规整的结构,进而能够提高电解质的离子传输效率。
液晶态作为液态和固态的中间相态,采用液晶这种有序的流体作为电解质,可有效避免传统液态电解质和固态电解质的弊端。实现液晶态电解质的必要参数,满足新电池的化学反应,并提供良好的安全性、高能量密度、长时间的静态和动态稳定性、长循环寿命,在未来将彻底改变可充电电池领域。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明,下面将对本发明进行详细的描述,并给出本发明个别的实施案例。
本发明提供一种离子型电池电解质用二苯乙炔类单体液晶的合成路线为:
其中:R为C1-C12直链饱和烷基或C1-C12直链饱和酯基中的一种;n为2-5之间的整数;m为聚乙烯醇分子量范围,数值为100-1000。
实施例1
一种离子型电池电解质用二苯乙炔类单体液晶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
第一步,将0.1mol原料A溶于100mL四氢呋喃(THF)和100mL三乙胺(TEA)的混合溶剂中,置于反应器中通惰性气体保护,然后加入0.1mol原料R基苯乙炔,反应温度控制在80℃,加入0.3g双三苯基膦二氯化钯(Pdcl2(PPh3)2)和0.4g碘化亚铜(CuI)作为催化剂,在惰性气体保护下反应20h。停止反应后,减压蒸馏除,获得化合物B。
第二步,将0.05mol化合物B和0.07mol三苯基膦(PPh3)溶解在50mL THF溶液中,搅拌降温至5℃,加入0.10mol化合物C,在搅拌条件下缓慢加入0.07mol偶氮二甲酸二乙酯(DEAD),缓慢升至室温后继续反应12h。然后减压蒸除反应溶剂THF,在残余体系中加入50mL环己烷,过滤除去不溶的三苯基膦。再次减压蒸除环己烷,加入50mL 95%乙醇,搅拌溶解后,加入0.10mol对甲苯磺酸一水合物,在室温条件下反应3h。反应完成后,蒸除反应溶剂,获得化合物D。
第三步,将0.01mol化合物D,1g KF和2g Al2O3溶解于40mL碳酸二乙酯中,升温至160℃反应4h。反应完成后,加入500mL CHCl3稀释反应物,过滤除去不溶的KF和Al2O3后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂CHCl3,获得粗产物。粗产物使用柱色谱(洗脱液:环己烷/CHCl3=1:1)纯化后得目标产物E。
实施例2
一种离子型电池电解质用二苯乙炔类单体液晶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
第一步,将0.1mol原料A溶于100mL四氢呋喃(THF)和100mL三乙胺(TEA)的混合溶剂中,置于反应器中通惰性气体保护,然后加入0.2mol原料R基苯乙炔,反应温度控制在100℃,加入0.2g双三苯基膦二氯化钯(Pdcl2(PPh3)2)和0.2g碘化亚铜(CuI)作为催化剂,在惰性气体保护下反应15h。停止反应后,减压蒸馏除,获得化合物B。
第二步,将0.05mol化合物B和0.07mol三苯基膦(PPh3)溶解在50mL THF溶液中,搅拌降温至10℃,加入0.06mol化合物C,在搅拌条件下缓慢加入0.07mol偶氮二甲酸二乙酯(DEAD),缓慢升至室温后继续反应10h。然后减压蒸除反应溶剂THF,在残余体系中加入50mL环己烷,过滤除去不溶的三苯基膦。再次减压蒸除环己烷,加入50mL 95%乙醇,搅拌溶解后,加入0.08mol对甲苯磺酸一水合物,在室温条件下反应3h。反应完成后,蒸除反应溶剂,获得化合物D。
第三步,将0.01mol化合物D,3g KF和1g Al2O3溶解于40mL碳酸二乙酯中,升温至120℃反应8h。反应完成后,加入500mL CHCl3稀释反应物,过滤除去不溶的KF和Al2O3后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂CHCl3,获得粗产物。粗产物使用柱色谱(洗脱液:环己烷/CHCl3=1:1)纯化后得目标产物E。
实施例3
一种离子型电池电解质用二苯乙炔类单体液晶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
第一步,将0.1mol原料A溶于100mL四氢呋喃(THF)和100mL三乙胺(TEA)的混合溶剂中,置于反应器中通惰性气体保护,然后加入0.15mol原料R基苯乙炔,反应温度控制在60℃,加入0.1g双三苯基膦二氯化钯(Pdcl2(PPh3)2)和0.6g碘化亚铜(CuI)作为催化剂,在惰性气体保护下反应18h。停止反应后,减压蒸馏除,获得化合物B。
第二步,将0.05mol化合物B和0.07mol三苯基膦(PPh3)溶解在50mL THF溶液中,搅拌降温至-1℃,加入0.08mol化合物C,在搅拌条件下缓慢加入0.07mol偶氮二甲酸二乙酯(DEAD),缓慢升至室温后继续反应15h。然后减压蒸除反应溶剂THF,在残余体系中加入50mL环己烷,过滤除去不溶的三苯基膦。再次减压蒸除环己烷,加入50mL 95%乙醇,搅拌溶解后,加入0.06mol对甲苯磺酸一水合物,在室温条件下反应3h。反应完成后,蒸除反应溶剂,获得化合物D。
第三步,将0.01mol化合物D,1.5g KF和3g Al2O3溶解于40mL碳酸二乙酯中,升温至130℃反应5h。反应完成后,加入500mL CHCl3稀释反应物,过滤除去不溶的KF和Al2O3后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂CHCl3,获得粗产物。粗产物使用柱色谱(洗脱液:环己烷/CHCl3=1:1)纯化后得目标产物E。
Claims (4)
3.如权利要求2所述的离子型电池电解质用二苯乙炔类单体液晶的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
第一步,将0.1mol原料A溶于100mL四氢呋喃(THF)和100mL三乙胺(TEA)的混合溶剂中,置于反应器中通惰性气体保护,然后加入0.1-0.2mol原料R基苯乙炔,反应温度控制在60-100℃,加入0.1-0.3g双三苯基膦二氯化钯(Pdcl2(PPh3)2)和0.2-0.6g碘化亚铜(CuI)作为催化剂,在惰性气体保护下反应15-20h;停止反应后,减压蒸馏除,获得化合物B;
第二步,将0.05mol化合物B和0.07mol三苯基膦(PPh3)溶解在50mL THF溶液中,搅拌降温至-1-10℃,加入0.06-0.10mol化合物C,在搅拌条件下缓慢加入0.07mol偶氮二甲酸二乙酯(DEAD),缓慢升至室温后继续反应10-15h;然后减压蒸除反应溶剂THF,在残余体系中加入50mL环己烷,过滤除去不溶的三苯基膦;再次减压蒸除环己烷,加入50mL 95%乙醇,搅拌溶解后,加入0.06-0.10mol对甲苯磺酸一水合物,在室温条件下反应3h,反应完成后,蒸除反应溶剂,获得化合物D;
第三步,将0.01mol化合物D,1-3g KF和1-3g Al2O3溶解于40mL碳酸二乙酯中,升温至120-160℃反应4-8h,反应完成后加入500mL CHCl3稀释反应物,过滤除去不溶的KF和Al2O3后,减压蒸馏除去溶剂CHCl3,获得粗产物,粗产物使用柱色谱纯化后得目标产物E。
4.如权利要求3所述的离子型电池电解质用二苯乙炔类单体液晶的制备方法,其特征在于:所述第三步柱色谱纯化时,采用的洗脱液与环己烷/CHCl3的体积比为=1:1。
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