CN114869841B - 一种携载干细胞活性生物因子和大剂量曲安奈德的微针贴片及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种携载干细胞活性生物因子和大剂量曲安奈德的微针贴片及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于医用材料技术领域,涉及一种携载干细胞活性生物因子及大剂量曲安奈德的超强微针贴片及其制备方法。本发明的干细胞生物因子微针贴片由针尖和基底组成,采用真空+超声法制备微针,针尖成分组成包含干细胞条件培养基冻干粉、亲水聚合物网络、曲安奈德和PBS溶液,曲安奈德的载药量可达1.25mg;基底由高分子聚合物组成。本发明的干细胞生物因子微针,具有超强机械强度,可实现对质地坚硬的瘢痕组织穿透,载药量较高,生物相容性优良,携载药物缓慢释放,微创无痛,在瘢痕治疗中取得良好效果,为瘢痕治疗提供了新思路。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医用材料技术领域,具体涉及一种携载干细胞活性生物因子和大剂量曲安奈德的微针贴片及其制备方法。
背景技术
瘢痕是各种原因(外伤、手术、烧烫伤、电击等)所引起的皮肤完整性的破坏后的异常组织愈合,是人体创伤修复过程中的产物,表现为皮肤组织的外观形态和组织病理学改变。病理性瘢痕包括增生性瘢痕和瘢痕疙瘩,病理性瘢痕在皮肤表面呈瘤状增生,表面不平整,色红或紫,紧绷而发亮,在功能部位可导致功能障碍、甚至引起残疾畸形,常伴瘙痒或有刺痛灼热感,易积累污渍,搔抓破溃后形成溃疡,具有会发展成恶性肿瘤可能性。瘢痕影响患者外表的同时严重影响患者的生活质量,给患者带来严重的身心压力。在目前常用的疤痕治疗方法中,常见有手术切除或者局部用药。手术切除创伤大,恢复期慢,影响患者工作,且费用较高;局部用药常包括表面涂抹或瘢痕内注射药物方式,然而表面涂抹药物药物吸收困难;疤痕内注射药物具有疼痛明显,需多次多点注射,剂量不准,药物扩散不均衡,不能在瘢痕内长时间保持等缺点。
微针是一种新型的经皮给药的方式,由长度在25μm-2000μm的针尖和基座构成,可刺透皮肤角质层而产生数百个可逆性微孔道,进而使药物渗透,效果相比离子导入、化学促渗剂等更为显著,药物渗透均匀且不触及皮肤真皮深层的痛觉神经而疼痛轻微。然而,在增生性瘢痕或瘢痕疙瘩中的应用,要实现微针药物的缓慢释放,具有有效刺入瘢痕内的机械强度实现药物传递也是微针制剂研发过程中的重要问题。
干细胞及其分泌物质具有促进组织修复的作用。然而,干细胞的直接运用面临伦理等限制。具有生物活性的干细胞分泌物质,在组织修复的信息传递中也伴有重要作用,且没有伦理上的限制,但其使用方式仍然面临挑战,目前还未有将干细胞分泌的活性成分作为组织修复的成分的同时作为微针介质组分的交联剂的使用方式。
曲安奈德是临床病理性瘢痕治疗的一线用药,但其不溶于水的特性,使其要在微针中大剂量携载是非常困难的事,平常微针携载曲安奈德的量一般为100μg左右,但本发明涉及的微针贴片可以通过形成水凝胶网络的形式将曲安奈德微粒“锁”在凝胶里,最多可携载1.25mg,从而实现曲安奈德大剂量携载,并能实现药物缓慢释放减轻激素的副作用。
因此,本公开主题针对瘢痕治疗选择仍存持续需求设计了微针贴片。具体地,存在对于有效抑制瘢痕形成,提供治疗剂的持续递送、疗效持续、无痛、副作用少的治疗的需要。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种功能一体化的药物大剂量携载、药物缓释、扩散均匀、机械性能良好的微针贴片及其制备方法,该方法设计的微针贴片具有强机械性、多功能性和优良的生物相容性,该发明内容仅仅是众多和各种实施方式的举例说明,载药组合不只限于曲安奈德,运用也不仅限于瘢痕治疗;为避免过多重复,本发明内容未列出或暗示这些功能的所有可能组合。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的一个技术方案是:一种携载干细胞活性生物因子和大剂量曲安奈德的超强微针贴片,所述微针贴片由针尖和基底组成,
所述针尖的原料组分包括干细胞条件培养基冻干粉、亲水聚合物网络、曲安奈德和PBS溶液;
所述针尖中,所述干细胞条件培养基冻干粉的质量分数为2-6 wt%,所述亲水聚合物网络的质量分数为5-15wt%,其余为PBS溶液;
所述基底的原料组分选用高分子聚合物,所述高分子聚合物选用透明质酸钠、壳聚糖或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,所述高分子聚合物的质量分数为2-4wt%;
所述针尖的长度为400-1200μm,且直径为250-400μm,相邻所述针尖的距离为500-700μm;
所述针尖的形状为圆锥型。
进一步地说,所述微针贴片的阵列密度为15x15针/1.4平方厘米。
进一步地说,所述亲水聚合物网络为角蛋白水凝胶,其由干细胞条件培养基冻干粉中的谷氨酰胺和丙酮酸钠重组角蛋白分子间二硫键交联,其含量比可为干细胞条件培养基冻干粉:角蛋白水凝胶=1:1-4。
进一步地说,所述透明质酸钠为分子量150-250KDa的寡聚透明质酸钠,所取量为0.5ml。
进一步地说,所述曲安奈德的含量为0.02-1.25mg。
所述的一种携载干细胞活性生物因子及大剂量曲安奈德的超强微针贴片的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(a)将干细胞条件培养基冻干粉、亲水聚合物网络按照质量分数要求与PBS溶液混合,并包含要求的曲安奈德含量,即得到针尖溶液;
(b)将高分子聚合物与双蒸水按比例混合搅拌、离心,即得到基底溶液;
(c)将PBS溶液先滴入微针模具中,再在真空条件下排除针孔里空气,让PBS溶液浸入微针空隙后吸出模具上层表面多余PBS溶液;
(d)将(a)中得到的针尖溶液滴到微针模具针孔区域范围;
(e)将(d)步骤模具放入超声中进行超声,使针尖溶液与针孔孔内PBS溶液混匀,并均匀浸入微针孔;
(f)在常温条件下,将模具在空气中静置待其成胶,静置时间为0.5-1h;
(g)待形成凝胶后,将步骤(b)所得的基底溶液滴至所述模具上,以致形成微针贴片基底;
(h)将经过步骤(g)处理后的微针模具室温静置干燥,干燥后取出,即得携载干细胞生物活性因子及大剂量曲安奈德的超强微针贴片。
进一步地说,步骤(b)的离心速度为1200-3000 rpm,离心时间为5min,以排除空气。
进一步地说,步骤(c)的真空压力为-0.1Mpa,模具放置时间为20min,以排除空气,可重复两次。
进一步地说,步骤(e) 的超声强度为40MHZ,超声时间为5min。
进一步地说,步骤(h)的模具静置时间为24-36h,温度为22-28℃。
本发明的有益效果:
1、本发明通过大量创造性实验研究发现,以特定配比的干细胞条件培养基可以重组角蛋白分子内的二硫键形成高分子聚合物网络水凝胶,而无需引进外源性交联引发剂,且干细胞条件培养基对于组织再生有积极促进作用,因此这不仅发挥了干细胞条件培养基促进组织修复的目的,也扮演了引发角蛋白成胶的作用,简化了角蛋白聚合物网络形成的步骤,起到了“一石二鸟”的作用;此外,曲安奈德是不溶于水的皮质类固醇,角蛋白形成的聚合网络间隙,可以很好的“锁住”曲安奈德,从而使更好的提高曲安奈德再微针里的携载量以及在微针里均匀分布;
2、本发明的微针贴片,另一优势在于是功能复合型微针贴片,引入了干细胞条件培养基,保留了干细胞分泌的活性生物因子,使其发挥组织修复作用,和曲安奈德发挥协同抗瘢痕的作用,这是第一次将干细胞条件培养基活性生物因子与曲安奈德通过联合的方式用于瘢痕治疗;
3、本发明由上述方式和材料制备得到的微针具有很好的机械强度,相对于通过引入半胱氨酸的使角蛋白形成聚合物网络水凝胶的方式制作微针贴片,机械性能更加突出,也好于常见的透明质酸微针,可实现对质地坚硬的瘢痕组织的穿透,产生递药通道,可有效替代通过注射器瘢痕内注射药物的方式,避免了注射器注射带来的痛感,实现高效的药物传递;
4、本发明所制得的微针,药物释放缓慢,以避免药物的突释,延迟了药物在组织内的作用时间,减少患者的用药次数;微针所选材料,是自然界广泛存在的天然蛋白,是环保的生物材料,而且价格便宜,性质稳定,易于保存;
5、本发明的微针贴片在组织内产生均匀的孔道,这实现了微针贴片药物在组织内均匀分布;该微针贴片使用方便,可由患者自行实施,无需专业医护人员参与操作,避免了患者反复到医院就医,加之这种给药方式无痛,这更加增加了患者的医从性;
6、本发明提供的携载干细胞生物活性因子和曲安奈德缓释超强角蛋白微针贴片的制备方法,共分为两部:第一步,真空下先使用无粘性溶液PBS排除微针孔空气的方式,避免了直接使用针尖溶液制作微针方式,在真空条件下造成的微针孔气泡使针尖溶液不能均匀渗透到针孔内和真空条件下针尖溶液的水分蒸发所致的针尖溶液过早的干涸;第二步,使用超声法将浸入微针孔的PBS溶液和针尖溶液混合,这样针尖溶液浸入微针孔,并且药物在微针内更加均与分布;采用这种两步法的方式,步骤相对于离心法更加的简单,所用时间更加短,所得微针的成功率更高,且这种方式更加容易的调节角蛋白和其交联剂的比列。
附图说明
图1为本发明涉及的制备微针贴片干细胞条件培养基冻干粉重组角蛋白二硫键形成水凝胶网络包裹曲安奈德和干细胞活性生物因子示意图;
图2为本发明涉及的制备微针贴片示微针制作过程示意图;
图3为本发明涉及的制备微针贴片扫面电镜示意图;
图4为本发明涉及的制备微针贴片刺入鼠皮后形成的针孔龙胆紫染色证明均匀性示意图;
图5为本发明涉及的制备微针贴片角蛋白通过干细胞冻干粉制作微针与角蛋白通过半胱氨酸交联制作微针和常见材质透明质酸制作微针,承重500g砝码后,行电镜扫描以观察承重后微针外形变化(左侧),以及万能机压缩实验机械强度的对比示意图(右侧);
图6为本发明涉及的制备微针贴片曲安奈德在猪皮里的释放率表征示意图;
图7为本发明涉及的制备微针贴片干细胞条件培养基和曲安奈德以及它们不同组合下对瘢痕疙瘩成纤维细胞细胞活性CCK-8检测示意图;
图8为本发明涉及微针贴片穿透猪皮深度激光共聚焦扫描图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的较佳实施例进行详细阐述,以使本发明的优点和特征能更易于被本领域技术人员理解,从而对本发明的保护范围做出更为清楚明确的界定。
实施例1
本实施例涉及携载干细胞活性生物因子及大剂量曲安奈德的超强微针贴片的制备方法,具体步骤包括:
(1)角蛋白提取:本涉及发明所使用角蛋白是通过还原法的方式在人发中提取,具体参考前期研究(Yang et al. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 2019,544, 121-129)并进行了部分改进,收集未进行染、烫的头发,清水洗净,再使用丙酮脱脂48h。简而言之,称取2g人发与50ml包含8mol/L尿素、0.5mol/L Na2S2O5和0.2mol/L十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的反应溶液,在65℃密闭空气条件下,反应6小时;后将反应后溶过滤除去未反应的头发,并使用纤维素膜(MWCO=5000Da)将滤液使用双蒸水水透析三天,每天换水4次。最后,将透析液冻干成粉用于本涉及发明。
(2)干细胞条件培养基冻干粉制备:收集无基础疾病及服药史健康患者腹部抽脂患者脂肪,生理盐水清洗去除血水,使用胶原酶I在37℃消化45min,后1000 r/min离心5min,收集沉淀即得脂肪干细胞。使用含10%FBS,0.1%青霉素/链霉素的低糖DMEM完全培养基培养干细胞。本研究使用3-6代脂肪干细胞。当脂肪干细胞生长至80-90%,加入不含胎牛血清的培养基DMEM,共孵育48h后收集培养液。培养液经过1000r/min离心5min,去除沉淀,再经过0.22μm过滤器过滤,后冻干成粉获得干细胞条件培养基冻干粉,保存于-20℃,进一步用于本涉及发明。
(3)微针贴片制备方式:使用针尖形状为圆锥形,针尖的圆锥形结构的高度为650μm,圆柱及圆锥的底部直径均为300μm,相邻两针尖之间的距离为700μm,针数为15x15,基底为直径1.4x1.4cm的微针模具。先将微针模具清洗干净,并凉干。先将PBS溶液滴入微针模具,再将微针模具放入真空条件下,-0.1 MPa, 20min,使微针针孔内的空气完全排除,并吸出多余的PBS溶液,可重复两次。再将含5wt%干细胞冻干粉、10wt%角蛋白、0.02-1.25mg曲安奈德针(由市场上购买,分质量434.5,分子式C24H31FO6)尖混合溶液50μl滴入微针孔排列区域,将微针模具进行超声,超声功率为40MHZ,时间5min,使针尖混合溶液与真空内的PBS溶液混合均匀,再滴入50μl上述针尖溶液,再超声5min,去除针尖分布区域周围的混合溶液后,将模具放室温条件下静置成胶约1h,成胶后将2-4wt%透明质酸钠(分子量,150-250KDa)约0.5ml滴入模具作为微针贴片基底,再将模具放置室温干燥约24h,后轻微剥离模具和微针贴片,即得本发明所涉及微针贴片(如图1,图2)。
实施例2
发明涉及的制备微针贴片形状特征扫面电镜拍摄观察:使用扫描电镜对本发明涉及微针贴片的表面形貌进行表征。步骤如下:将该发明涉及的微针贴片粘于导电胶一侧,导电胶另一侧黏在金属台板上,操作电压为20kV,放大倍数为100和400倍,进行电镜扫描拍摄,即可得本发明涉及得微针贴片形态特征(如图3)。
通过扫描电镜图片,可观察到本发明所涉及微针贴片形态均一,形态成圆锥形,高度为650μm,针尖距离为700μm,证明本发明所涉及微针贴片方法能成功制作微针贴片。
实施例3
本发明涉及的制备微针贴片刺入皮后均匀性验证。微针贴片处理的新鲜大鼠皮形成微针孔道,在经亚甲蓝染色,微孔即可被染成蓝色(如图4所示),显示出微针孔分布情况,微针贴片处理的鼠皮肤微孔清晰、分布均匀,排列规则。
微针贴片处理后的新鲜鼠皮,经过亚甲蓝染色,可见微针孔均匀分布、颜色清晰,证明所得微针贴片,可以形成均与的微针孔道,以满足药物均匀渗透到组织要求。
实施例4
本发明涉及的制备微针贴片与其他方式所制得微针贴片机械强度对比。按实施例1的制作步骤方式在制作微针。共分为三组,第一组为本发明涉及的微针贴片,第二组为之前工作(Gu et al. ACS Nano. 2019,4, 4354-4360)采用半胱氨酸方式制作微针贴片,第三组,常用的透明质酸材料制作微针贴片。制作步骤:第一组本法发明涉及的微针贴片,使用5wt%干细胞条件培养基冻干粉、10wt%的角蛋白;第二组采用浓度为10wt%角蛋白、0.5wt%半胱氨酸(角蛋白与半胱氨酸所选比值=20:1,根据之前工作(Gu et al. ACS Nano. 2019,4, 4354-4360));第三组采用4%(wt%)透明质酸钠(分子量70KDa)。制作步骤按照实施例1,考虑透明质酸钠溶液的粘性较高,在超声步骤,第三组超声30min。所得到微针贴片,一方面承重500g砝码后,以实施例2的方式进行电镜扫描以观察微针承重后外形变化;另一方面进行万能机压缩实验,压缩速度为1000μm/min,压缩距离为650μm,实时记录应力变化。所得结果使用Origin软件进行处理,得到压缩距离-应力曲线。结果如图5。
通过不同组微针贴片承重后电镜扫描,可发现本发明涉及的微针贴片,外形保持最好,以此证明此发明涉及的微针贴片机械性能突出。万能机压缩距离-应力分析数据可知,本发明涉及的微针贴片机械强度远远大于其他两组,完全满足对皮肤组织穿透应力的要求,本发明改善了角蛋白水凝胶微针机械性能,可能机制是谷氨酰胺和丙酮酸钠两种还原剂的同时作用,使角蛋白分子中的二硫键还原更加充分,在氧化时更能自由随机组合,另外干细胞条件培养基冻干粉成分里的细胞因子成分,对蛋白凝胶网络有填充作用,进一步增加了本发明涉及的微针贴片的机械性能。
实施例5
本发明涉及微针贴片携载曲安奈德释放率分析。采用高效液相色谱法对本发明涉及微针贴片携载曲安奈德的释放率进行浓度测定。步骤如下:使用高效液相色谱仪:型号Agilent Technologies 1260 Infinity II,日本岛津(LC-20A输液 泵,SPD-20紫外检测器,SIL-20A自动进样器);色谱柱:ZORBAX SB-C18 5um 880975-902 (250×4.6mm);流动相:甲醇:水=70:30;检测波长:240nm;进样量:20μL;柱温:30℃。曲安奈德在约6min 出峰。共分为6组(0.5h,1h,2h,4h,8h,12h,16h),每组3个样。首先将本发明涉及微针贴片刺入新鲜猪皮,再分别于0.5h、1h、2h、4h、8h、12h、16h取出,使用高效液相色谱分析测得微针贴片剩余药量,采用公式:释放率(%)=(携载药量-剩余药量)/携载药量x100%,即可得每个时间段药物释放率,结果如图6所示。
通过高效液相色谱分析,如图6所示,随着时间增加,药物释放速率逐渐增加,在16h是释放率达到约81%的释放率。这体现了本发明涉及的微针贴片具有药物释放缓慢的优势,避免药物突释带来的药物在组织内浓度不稳定和不良的副作用。本发明涉及的微针贴片16h释放率为81%,可以满足患者一天使用一次的要求,这避免了患者每天重复多次使用的劣势。
实施例6
主要目的证明干细胞条件培养基冻干粉和曲安奈德及其不同组合对瘢痕成纤维细胞的抑制作用(CCK-8)分析。共分为对照组、单纯干细胞条件培养基冻干粉组、单纯曲安奈德组(80μg/ml)、干细胞条件培养基冻干粉+单纯曲安奈德(80μg/ml)组、干细胞条件培养基冻干粉+单纯曲安奈德(160μg/ml)组、干细胞条件培养基冻干粉+单纯曲安奈德(320μg/ml)组。将人瘢痕组织提取的成纤维细胞,以1x104个细胞铺入48孔板,每组重复三次,培养24小时后,对照组不做处理,其余按照分组,加入含有不同成分培养基,分别在一起共培养12h,36h后,使用CCK-8试剂盒,按照说明书步骤,在450nm测得吸光度值。
通过统计学分析,如图7所示,单纯干细胞条件培养基冻干粉和单纯曲安奈德都表现出对瘢痕成纤维细胞的抑制作用,且随着作用时间的增加,与对照组表现出明显的统计学差异。当两者联合使用时,其抑制瘢痕作用更加明显,表明两者发挥了协同作用。随着曲安奈德的浓度增加,抑制作用成增加趋势,也证明,若在微针贴片中能大剂量携载曲安奈德,那么抑制瘢痕效果越明显。
实施例7
本发明涉及微针贴片穿透致密的瘢痕组织验证(穿透猪皮模拟实验)。有报道猪皮具有与人体皮肤相识结构,但其硬度是人体皮肤的2.5倍(Zhu et al. Journal ofMaterials Chemistry B. 2019, 7, 6604—6611.),因此,可以用来模拟人体坚硬的病理性瘢痕组织。步骤如下:本发明涉及的微针贴片先使用罗丹明B进行针尖荧光标记,后使用50ml离心管瓶盖直接按压于新鲜猪皮表面10min,再将猪皮铺平在载玻片上,进行激光共聚焦断层扫描,每次扫描10μm厚度,并拍摄荧光图片,结果如图8。
通过刺入新鲜猪皮厚度的断层扫描,可得本发明涉及微针贴片能穿透质地坚硬得猪皮,穿透深度能达到330μm,完全能穿透人体表皮(厚度约200μm)到达真皮层发挥递送药物的作用。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明说明书及附图内容所作的等效结构变换,或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (1)
1.一种携载干细胞活性生物因子及大剂量曲安奈德的微针贴片,其特征在于:所述微针贴片的制备方法为:先将PBS溶液滴入微针模具,再将微针模具放入真空条件下,-0.1MPa, 20min,使微针针孔内的空气完全排除,并吸出多余的PBS溶液,重复两次;再将含5wt%干细胞冻干粉、10wt%角蛋白、0.02-1.25mg曲安奈德针尖混合溶液50μl滴入微针孔排列区域,将微针模具进行超声,超声功率为40MHZ,时间5min,使针尖混合溶液与真空内的PBS溶液混合均匀,再滴入50μl上述针尖溶液,再超声5min,去除针尖分布区域周围的混合溶液后,将模具放室温条件下静置1h成胶,成胶后将2-4wt%分子量为150-250KDa透明质酸钠0.5ml滴入模具作为微针贴片基底,再将模具放置室温干燥24h,后轻微剥离模具和微针贴片,即得所述微针贴片。
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